KANOBANA v DUKUZE

# KANOBANA v DUKUZE

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-05-18 - Case/document no.: RCAA 0029/2022/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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KANOBANA v DUKUZE [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RCAA 0029/2022/CA (Munyangeri P.J) 18 Gicurasi 2023] Itegeko rikumira kandi rihana ihohoterwa iryo ari ryo ryose rishingiye ku gitsina – kubana nk’umugabo n’umugore mutarasezeranye – Igihe umwe mu babanaga nk’umugabo n’umugore amenyesheje ubuyobozi bw’ibanze bwaho bari batuye ko avuye mu rugo kubera impamvu zitandukanye nicyo gifatwa nk’intangiriro yuko batakibana. Itegeko rikumira kandi rihana ihohoterwa iryo ari ryo ryose rishingiye ku gitsina – kubana nk’umugabo n’umugore mutarasezeranye – ikimenyetso cy’uko abantu babanye nk’umugabo n’umugore – Kuba abantu barabanye nk’umugabo n’umugore bishobora kugaragzwa n’ikimenyetso icyo aricyo cyose, nk’inyandiko y’ubuyobozi cyangwa ikindi kimenyetso gishobora ku bigaragaza. Itegeko rikumira kandi rihana ihohoterwa iryo ari ryo ryose rishingiye ku gitsina – kubana nk’umugabo n’umugore mutarasezeranye – kugabana umutungo – Iyo kubana nk’umugabo n’umugore birangiye, ababanaga bagabana ku buryo bungana imitungo basangiye kandi bahahanye mu gihe babanaga kandi si ngombwa ko buri wese agomba kugaragaza ingano (quantité) y’ibyo yakoze kugira ngo umutungo ubeho. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiye Dukuze arega Kanobana mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, asaba ko imitungo ibaruye kuri UPI: 1/03/04/03/1790 no kuri UPI: 1/03/04/03/1789 yibarujeho yamubarurwaho wenyine kuko ari iye ku giti cye, ko nta ruhare Kanobana ayifiteho, n’ubwo ngo babaye inshuti bakabyarana abana batatu, ariko ko batigeze babana nk’umugore n’umugabo. Kanobana yiregura avuga ko yabanye na Dukuze nk’umugore n’umugabo kuva mu mwaka wa 1996 n’ubwo batasezeranye imbere y’amategeko, kandi ko bafafatanyije kugura imitungo iburanwa. Urukiko mu rubanza RC00434/2020/TGI/NYGE rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Dukuze nta shingiro gifite, ko umutungo uregerwa wanditse kuri Kanobana na Dukuze bawusangiye, kuko buri wese awufiteho uruhare rwa 50%, rutegeka Dukuze guha Kanobana indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. Dukuze yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru, avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwirengagije amategeko n’ibimenyetso, bigaragaza ko umutungo uburanwa ari uwe ku giti cye, rugashingira ku mvugo za Kanobana zitagira ikindi kimenyetso na kimwe kiziherekeje, kandi ko yarugaragarije ko Kanobana yahengereye yaragiye mu butumwa bw’akazi, akaba ari bwo ajya kwiyandikishaho uwo mutungo wari usanzwe wanditse kuri Dukuze wenyine. Kanobana avuga ko yabanye na Dukuze nk’umugore n’umugabo kuva mu mwaka w’1996 kugeza muri 2020, kandi ko babyaranye abana batatu, imitungo iburanwa bakaba barafatanyije kuyihaha. Avuga ko ubujurire bwa Dukuze nta shingiro bwahabwa, kuko n’ubundi ibyaburanwe ku rwego rwa mbere ari byo yongeye kugarura mu Rukiko Rukuru. Urukiko Rukuru mu rubanza RCA00241/2021/HC/KIG rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Dukuze bufite ishingiro, ko imitungo iburanwa, ari iya Dukuze wenyine, kuko Kanobana atashoboye kugaragaza

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uruhare rwe mu igurwa ry’iyo mitungo no mu iyubakwa ry’inzu irimo, rutegeka ko ivanwaho amazina ya Kanobana. Kanobana yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko imitungo iburanwa yandikwa kuri Dukuze wenyine, rwirengagije ibimenyetso yarushyikirije bigaragaza uruhare yagize mu kuyigura, kuko babanye nk’umugore n’umugabo ariko batarashyingiranywe mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, bagafatanya kuyihaha. Uhagarariye Dukuze yatanze inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego cy’ubujurire bwa kabiri ku mpamvu yuko agaciro k’ikiburanwa kari hasi y’agateganyijwe n’amategeko, Urukiko rwemeza ko iyo nzitizi nta shingiro ifite. Mu rubanza mu mizi, ku bijyanye no kumenya niba Kanobana Eddy na Dukuze Betty barabanye nk’umugore n’umugabo, bagafatanya gushaka imitungo, iburanwa, Urukiko mu rubanza RCAA0029/2022/CA, rushingiye ku bikubiye mu murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, ku mategeko no kwisesengura ry’imiburanire y’ababuranyi, rwemeje ko nta gushidikanya ko Kanobana yabanye na Dukuze nk’umugore n’umugabo mu buryo buhoraho (de façon stable) kandi bukomeza (de façon continue) kuva mu mwaka wa 1995 kugeza muri 2020. ubwo Kanobana yamenyeshaga ubuyobozi bw’Umudugudu yari atuyemo, ko avuye mu rugo rwe ku mpamvu zo kurengera umutekano we. Bityo ko n’imitungo iburanwa bayihahanye bakaba bagomba kuyigiraho uburenganzira bungana. Incamake y’icyemezo:1. Igihe umwe mu babanaga nk’umugabo n’umugore amenyesheje ubuyobozi bw’ibanze bwaho bari batuye ko avuye mu rugo kubera impamvu zitandukanye nicyo gifatwa nk’intangiriro yuko batakibana. 2. Ntabwo umwe mu babanaga nk’umugabo n’umugore yavuga ko bari inshuti gusa umwe asura undi ngo hanyuma agataha kandi hari ibimenyetso bitandukanye bihamya ko babanye nk’umugabo n’umugore. Kuba abantu barabanye nk’umugabo n’umugore bishobora kugaragzwa n’ikimenyetso icyo aricyo cyose, nk’inyandiko y’ubuyobozi cyangwa ikindi kimenyetso gishobora ku bigaragaza. 3. Iyo kubana nk’umugabo n’umugore birangiye, ababanaga bagabana ku buryo bungana imitungo basangiye kandi bahahanye mu gihe babanaga. Mu kugabana umutungo si ngombwa ko buri wese agomba kugaragaza ingano (quantité) y’ibyo yakoze kugira ngo umutungo ubeho cyangwa ngo yerekane ibyo yawushyizeho kugira ngo wiyongere agaciro, ahubwo uwo mutungo ugomba kuba warabonetse mu gihe kidashidikanywaho bombi babanaga. Bityo, icyangombwa nuko muri iyo mibanire buri wese aba afite ibyo akora mu guteza imbere urugo. 4. Indishyi z’akababaro zisabwa numwe mubabanaga nk’umugabo n’umugore batarasezeranye, ntizitangwa, kubera ko kuba yaremeye ko babana badashyingiwe mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, agombaga kwitega ko igihe icyo ari cyo cyose umubano wabo washyirwaho iherezo. Bityo agomba kwirengera ingaruka zabyo. Amategeko yifashishijwe. Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi.

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Itegeko N˚59/2008 ryo ku wa 10/09/2008 rikumira kandi rihana ihohoterwa iryo ari ryo ryose rishingiye ku gitsina, Ingingo ya 39 Iteka rya Minisitiri N˚ 002/2008 ryo ku wa 01/04/2008 rigena uburyo iyandikisha ry’ubutaka rikorwa, ingingo ya 58 Imanza zifashishijwe. Urubanza RCAA0014/15/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 01/12/2017, Mutoni K. Jackline aburana na Niwenshuti Aloys na Mukambuguje Alodie, Urubanza RCAA 00043/2016/SC rwaciwe ku wa 15/09/2017, haburana Uwiragiye Charles na Uwamahoro Jeannine, Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA. [1] Kanobana Eddy yabyaranye na Dukuze Betty abana batatu ariko batarasezeranye mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko. Dukuze Betty avuga ko imitungo itimukanwa ibaruye kuri UPI: 1/03/04/03/1790 na UPI: 1/03/04/03/1789 yayiguze wenyine, ariko ko mu gihe yari mu butumwa bw’akazi hanze y’igihugu Kanobana Eddy yayiyandikishijeho yigaragaza nk’aho bayifatanyije. [2] Ku wa 11/06/2020, Dukuze Betty yareze Kanobana Eddy mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, asaba ko imitungo ibaruye kuri UPI: 1/03/04/03/1790 no kuri UPI: 1/03/04/03/1789 yibarujeho ubwo yari mu butumwa bw’akazi hanze y’igihugu yamubarurwaho wenyine kuko ari iye ku giti cye yiguriye, ko nta ruhare Kanobana Eddy ayifiteho, n’ubwo babaye inshuti bakabyarana abana batatu, ariko ko batigeze babana nk’umugore n’umugabo. Asoza asaba indishyi. [3] Kanobana Eddy avuga ko yabanye na Dukuze Betty nk’umugore n’umugabo kuva mu mwaka wa 1996 n’ubwo batasezeranye imbere y’amategeko, bakabyarana abana batatu, kandi ko bafafatanyije kugura imitungo mu mwaka wa 1997 n’uwa 2000. Mu gusoza na we asaba indishyi. [4] Mu rubanza RC00434/2020/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 29/07/2021, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Lt Col Dukuze Betty nta shingiro gifite, ko umutungo uregerwa ubaruye kuri UPI: 1/03/04/03/1790 na UPI: 1/03/04/03/1789 wanditse kuri Kanobana Eddy na Dukuze Betty bawusangiye, kuko buri wese awufiteho uruhare rwa 50%, rutegeka Lt Col Dukuze Betty guha Kanobana Eddy 500.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 100.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza, amafaranga y’ingwate y’amagarama yatanze arega ahwana n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza. [5] Dukuze Betty yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru, avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwirengagije amategeko n'ibimenyetso byanditse, bigaragaza ko umutungo uburanwa ari uwe ku giti cye, rugashingira ku mvugo za Kanobana Eddy zitagira ikindi kimenyetso na kimwe kiziherekeje, ariko zirimo kwiyemerera ko amafaranga yose yaguze uwo mutungo ari aya Dukuze Betty, kandi ko yarugaragarije ko Kanobana Eddy yahengereye yaragiye mu butumwa

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bw’akazi i Darfur muri Soudan, akaba ari bwo ajya kwiyandikishaho uwo mutungo wari usanzwe wanditse kuri Dukuze Betty wenyine mu bitabo by’umubitsi w’impapurompamo z’ubutaka. [6] Akomeza avuga ko yatunguwe no kubona ibyangombwa by’uwo mutungo bisohoka biriho amazina ya Kanobana Eddy kandi yifitiye umugore we w'isezerano, bityo ko kuba Urukiko rwarirengagije nkana ingingo z'amategeko ndetse n'urubanza rwaciwe n'Urukiko rw'Ikirenga, byose byemeza ko kuba umutungo ubaruye ku muntu atari ikimenyetso cy'uko ari uwe mu gihe atagaragaza inkomoko yawo, asaba ko urubanza rwahinduka kuri byose, umutungo ukandikwa kuri Dukuze Betty wenyine, hashingiwe ku mategeko n’ibimenyetso yarugaragarije. [7] Kanobana Eddy avuga ko yabanye na Dukuze Betty nk’umugore n’umugabo kuva mu mwaka w’1996 kugeza muri 2020, kandi ko babyaranye abana batatu, imitungo iburanwa bakaba barafatanyije kuyihaha. Asoza avuga ko ubujurire bwa Lt Col Dukuze Betty nta shingiro bwahabwa, kuko n’ubundi ibyaburanwe ku rwego rwa mbere ari byo yongeye kugarura kandi nta kidasanzwe azanye mu Rukiko Rukuru. [8] Mu rubanza RCA00241/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 19/10/2022, Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Lt Col Dukuze Betty bufite ishingiro, ko imitungo ibaruye kuri UPI: 1/03/04/03/1789 na UPI: 1/03/04/03/1790 ari iya Lt Col Dukuze Betty wenyine, kuko Kanobana Eddy atashoboye kugaragaza uruhare rwe mu igurwa ry’iyo mitungo no mu iyubakwa ry’inzu irimo, rutegeka ko imitungo ibaruye kuri UPI:1/03/04/03/1789 na UPI: 1/03/04/03/1790 ivanwaho amazina ya Kanobana Eddy, ikaba iya Lt Col Dukuze Betty wenyine, bikozwe n’ikigo gishinzwe kubika inyandikompamo z’ubutaka, rutegeka kandi Kanobana Eddy kwishyura Lt Col Dukuze Betty amagarama y’urubanza, indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka, bingana na 750. 000Frw. [9] Ku wa 17/11/2022, Kanobana Eddy yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, ubujurire bwe bwandikwa kuri RCAA0029/2022/CA, avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko imitungo ibaruye kuri UPI: 1/03/04/03/1790 na UPI: 1/03/04/03/1789 yandikwa kuri Lt Col Dukuze Betty wenyine, rwirengagije ibimenyetso yarushyikirije bigaragaza uruhare yagize mu kuyigura, kuko babanye nk’umugore n’umugabo ariko batarashyingiranywe mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, bagafatanya kuyihaha. Mu gusoza asaba ko Lt Col Dukuze Betty yategekwa kumuha indishyi z’akababaro, igihembo cya Avoka, amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza no kumusubiza ingwate y’amagarama. [10] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 03/05/2023, Kanobana Eddy ahagarariwe na Me Gabiro David, Dukuze Betty ahagarariwe na Me Murigande Jean Claude. Me Murigande Jean Claude atanga inzitizi yo kutakira ubujurire bwa kabiri bwatanzwe na Kanobana Eddy kubera ko yabutanze yitwaje agaciro k’umutungo Dukuze Betty ashaka ko umwandikwaho, Urukiko rufatira icyemezo mu ntebe cy’uko iyo nzitizi nta shingiro ifite. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO Kumenya niba ubujurire bwatanzwe na Kanobana Eddy budakwiye kwakirwa

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[11] Me Murigande Jean Claude uhagarariye Dukuze Betty atanga inzitizi yo kutakira ubujurire bwa kabiri bwa Kanobana Eddy kubera ko butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, hashingiwe ku kuba mu manza zabanje icyaburanwe ari ugusaba kwandika kuri Lt Col Dukuze Betty wenyine imitungo ibaruye kuri UPI: 1/03/04/03/1790 na UPI: 1/03/04/03/1789. Bityo ko kuba Kanobana Eddy ashingira ubujurire bwe ku ngingo ya 52 igika cya 2, agace ka 8˚ y’Itegeko N° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, nta gaciro byahabwa. Avuga kandi ko mu iburanisha ry’urubanza rujuririrwa nta mpaka zagiwe ku gaciro k’umutungo uburanwa, ko kuba mu cyemezo nº 063/2022/CIV/GCA cyo ku wa 24/11/2022, ubwanditsi bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujrire bwaranditse ubujurire bushingiye ku igenagaciro ry’imitungo ibaruye kuri UPI: 1/03/04/03/1790 na UPI: 1/03/04/03/1789 Kanobana Eddy yatanze, ibyo bukabihuza n’ingingo ya 52, igika cya 4 yashingiyeho nta gaciro byahabwa, kubera ko atari cyo cyaburanwaga, ko rero ubu bujurire budakwiye kwakirwa. [12] Me Gabiro David uhagarariye Kanobana Eddy avuga ko iyi nzitizi nta shingiro ifite, kuko ubujurire bwatanzwe n’uwo ahagarariye buri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 52, igika cya kabiri, agace ka 8º y’Itegeko rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, iteganya ko: “Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rufite kandi ububasha bwo kuburanisha mu rwego rw’ubujurire bwa kabiri imanza zaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, (…..), iyo izo manza: zagenwemo n’urukiko indishyi zingana nibura na miliyoni mirongo irindwi n’eshanu z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda (75.000.000Frw) cyangwa zifite agaciro kagenwe n’umucamanza mu gihe habaye impaka kangana na miliyoni mirongo irindwi n’eshanu z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda (75.000.000Frw)”, no ku igenagaciro (expertise) ryakorewe ku mitungo ibaruye kuri UPI: 1/03/04/03/1790 na UPI: 1/03/04/03/1789 iburanwa, rigaragaza ko ifite agaciro kangana na 159.122.866Frw, aho umutungo ufite UPI:1/03/04/03/1789 ufite agaciro kangana na 46,260,000 Frw, na ho ufite UPI: 1/03/04/03/1790 ukagira agaciro kangana na 112.862.866Frw nk’uko zagaragajwe mu nzego zabanje, aka gaciro kakaba karuta kure 75.000.000Frw ateganywa n’Itegeko. [13] Urukiko rurasanga inzitizi yatanzwe na Dukuze Betty nta shingiro ifite kuko ibisabwa mu kiburanwa bishingiye ku mutungo wagaragarijwe agaciro karengeje 75.000.000Frw ateganywa n’ingingo ya 52 y’itegeko N˚ 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, akaba nta kibazo uregwa afite kuri raporo y’igenagaciro yashyikirijwe urukiko. 1.Kumenya niba Kanobana Eddy na Dukuze Betty barabanye nk’umugore n’umugabo, bagafatanya gushaka imitungo ifite UPI: 1/03/04/03/1790 na UPI: 1/03/04/03/1789, bakaba banayisangiye [14] Me Gabiro David uhagarariye Kanobana Eddy asobanura ko uwo ahagarariye na Dukuze Betty bombi bari abasirikare mu ngabo z’u Rwanda, ko mu mwaka w’1995 batangiye kubana nk’umugabo n’umugore, muri 1999 Kanobana akora umuhango wo gusaba no gukwa ariko ntibasezerana imbere y’amategeko no mu kiliziya, muri 1996 Kanobana Eddy yagiye mu butumwa bw’akazi i Kinshasa asize Dukuze Betty mu rugo nk’umugore we, muri 1997 amusura muri Congo, agezeyo amuha 1000USD yo gushakamo ikibanza, arakigura ariko cyandikwa mu mazina ya Dukuze Betty kubera ko ari we wari mu gihugu. [15] Ku bijyanye n’impamvu z’ubujurire, Me Gabiro David uhagarariye Kanobana Eddy avuga ko kuva ku gika cya 18 kugeza ku cya 21 by’urubanza RCA00241/2021/HC/KIG, Urukiko Rukuru rwavuze ko umutungo uburanwa washatswe na Dukuze Betty wenyine, rushingiye ku kuba Dukuze

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Betty yararugaragarije ko amafaranga yo kugura ibibanza byombi ndetse no kubaka inzu yayakuye mu butumwa yari yagiyemo i Darfur mu mwaka wa 2010, akagaruka mu mwaka wa 2014, andi mafaranga akaba yarayakuye ku mushahara we kuko yari mu basirikare barindaga Umukuru w’Igihugu, ibyo avuze rubifata nk’ukuri, rubihuza n’ibyo rwagaragaje mu gika cya 22, aho rwavuze ko Dukuze Betty yatanze ikimenyetso cya “fiche cadastrale” kigaragaraho amazina ye wenyine ndetse na “historique de compte”, igaragaza inkomoko y’amafaranga avuga ko yashatsemo inzu, kandi ko muri icyo gika cya 22 rwanavuze ko Kanobana Eddy na Dukuze Betty batabanye nk’umugore n’umugabo, rushingiye ku kuba Dukuze Betty yarabihakanye, akavuga ko babaye ishuti gusa. [16] Asobanura ko hari ibimenyetso yatanze bigaragaza ko ku itariki ya 07/03/1999 habaye umuhango wo gusaba no gukwa nk’uko bigaragazwa n’ifoto y’ubwo bukwe, ndetse ko mu gika cya 8 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa Urukiko rwari rwabibonye, Dukuze Betty akaba adahakana ko yasabwe akanakobwa, ahubwo agahakana ko babanye nk’umugore n’umugabo, akemera ko babanye nk’inshuti, mu gihe babyaranye n’abana batatu (3), uwa mbere witwa Kazeneza Arnod wavutse tariki ya 21/12/1999, umwana wa kabiri witwa Kamikazi Ornella avuka ku wa 19/03/2002, na ho umwana wa gatatu witwa Ishimwe Ganza Dylan akavuka ku wa 25/07/2013, ko ibi byose Urukiko rutagombaga kubyirengagiza ngo rwemeze ko batabanye nk’umugabo n’umugore. [17] Ku birebana no kuba Dukuze Betty yaremereye Urukiko ko yatangiye kumenyana na Kanobana Eddy mu mwaka wa 2007, avuga ko ibyo atari ukuri, kuko umwana wa mbere yavutse mu mwaka wa 1999 nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, kandi ko kuba icyemezo cy’Umudugudu kivuga ko bazwi guhera mu mwaka wa 2000, bitavuze ko muri uwo mwaka ari bwo batangiye kubana, kuko hari ahandi hantu henshi batuye, ku rwego rubanza akaba yarasabye ko bagabana imitungo Urukiko Rwisumbuye rukabyirengagiza, ko ariko mu isesengura Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze mu gika cya 22, rutitaye kuri ibi bisobanuro bimaze gutangwa, rukagira ruti:” Inyandiko y’inzego z’ibanze ikaba idahagije gusobanura ko babanaga nk’umugore n’umugabo kuko izo nzego ibyo zimenya ari bike ugereranyije n’ibibera imbere mu ngo z’abantu", rwirengagije n’ukuri kwabonetse mu iperereza ryakozwe mu baturage bari baturanye na Kanobana Eddy na Dukuze Betty. Avuga ko kuba Dukuze Betty yaravugiye imbere y’Urukiko ko yatangiye kuba inshuti na Kanobana Eddy muri 2007 asanga bwari uburyo bwo gushaka kumvikanisha ko umutungo uburanwa yawushatse wenyine, akiyibagiza ko hari abana babyaranye mbere ya 2007 ndetse ko yasabwe akanakobwa mu mwaka w’1999, akaba yibaza niba Kanobana Eddy yaraje gusaba no gukwa umuntu badasanzwe ari inshuti. [18] Akomeza avuga ko uwo ahagarariye yamubwiye ko Dukuze Betty yabonye amaze kuzamurwa mu mapeti ya gisirikare, abona atakiberewe no kubana na Kanobana Eddy ni ko kumubwira ko atabana n’umusivili, ku itariki ya 13/01/2020, Kanobana Eddy yandikira inzego z’ibanze azimenyesha ko abaye avuye mu rugo ku mpamvu z’umutekano we kandi ko ababuranyi bombi hari ibyo bisobanuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru mu gihe cy’iburanisha. Avuga ko muri 2021 ari bwo Kanobana Eddy yashatse umugore bashyingiranywe, bikaba byarabaye nyuma y’uko ava mu rugo rwa mbere mu mwaka wa 2020. [19] Me Gabiro David avuga ko kuba Urukiko Rukuru rwaravuze ko amafaranga yo kugura ibibanza byombi Dukuze Betty yayakuye ku mushahara yahembwaga nk’uwarindaga Umukuru

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w’Igihugu no mu butumwa yagiyemo i Darfur kuva 2010 kugeza 2014 atari ko biri, kuko ikibanza cya mbere cyaguzwe mu mwaka wa 1997, ikindi kigurwa mu mwaka wa 2000, kandi ko mu gihe cyo kubarura ubutaka, ari bwo ibyo bibanza byombi byahawe UPI imwe ya 1/03/04/03/998, ku itariki ya 30/06/2014 Dukuze Betty afatanyije na Kanobana Eddy, bandikira Akarere ibaruwa isaba ko iyo UPI:1/03/04/03/998 ikatwamo ibibanza bibiri, icyo Kigo cy’ubutaka kirabikora havamo ikibanza gifite UPI:1/03/04/03/1789 n’igifite UPI:1/03/04/03/1790 ari na byo biburanwa. [20] Avuga kandi ko kuba “Historique de compte” ya Dukuze Betty yatanzwe na Bank of Kigali igaragaza ko yatangiye kubona amafaranga y’ubutumwa mu mwaka wa 2011, nta kuntu ayo mafaranga yari kuyaguramo umutungo uburanwa hagati ya 1997-2000, kandi mu mwaka wa 2000 Kanobana Eddy na Dukuze Betty bari barubatsemo inzu yaruzuye ndetse baragiye kuyituramo ahitwa Rukatsa, ko rero iyo “historique” ya konti itagombaga gushingirwaho nk’ikimenyetso kigaragaza aho Dukuze Betty yakuye amafaranga yo kugura umutungo uburanwa. [21] Akomeza avuga ko mu bimenyetso byatanzwe na Dukuze Betty bigizwe na “fiche cadastrale” yahawe muri 2004, icyemezo cy’umusoro w’inzu cyo ku wa 07/06/2004, ibaruwa yo ku wa 17/06/2004 yandikiye Umujyi wa Kigali asaba ibyangombwa by’inzu, kitansi y’umusoro yo ku itariki ya 10/06/2004 bimutsindisha, kubera ko bigaragaza ko umutungo uburanwa wabonetse mbere y’umwaka wa 2000, bikaba bidashoboka ko yaba yarawuguze amafaranga yavanye mu butumwa yagiyemo i Darfur kuva muri 2010 kugeza muri 2014. Avuga kandi ko Urukiko Rukuru rwavuze ko amafaranga yaguzwe iyo mitungo Dukuze Betty yayakuye ku mushahara yahembwaga nk’uwari mu basirikare barindaga Umukuru w’Igihugu, nyamara nta kimenyetso cy’umushahara yagaragaje, ndetse ko kuva mu mwaka wa 1994 kugeza mu wa 1995, abasirikare batahabwaga umushahara, ko ahubwo batangiye kuwuhabwa mu mpera z’umwaka w’1995 na wo wari muto cyane ku buryo utari kugurwamo ibibanza. [22] Me Gabiro David avuga kandi ko Urukiko Rukuru rutahaye agaciro uruhare Kanobana Eddy yagize mu gushaka umutungo uburanwa, aho mu gika cya 21 rwavuze ko “n’ubwo yaba ari we watanze 1,500USD yo kugura ubutaka, atari yo yubatse n’inzu kugeza irangiye”, kandi Dukuze Betty atarashoboye kurugaragariza aho yakuye amafaranga yo kugura ikibanza, mu gihe uwo ahagarariye we yari yagaragaje ko amafaranga yo kubaka inzu akomoka ku kuba ubwo yari i Kinshasa, buri kwezi yarahabwaga amadolari 1000 $, akajya akoresha make andi akayabika, hakiyongeraho n’umushahara we wo mu Rwanda atashoboraga gufata kuko yabaga adahari, avuye mu butumwa i Kinshasa mu ntangiro z’umwaka wa 1998 akusanya ayo mafaranga yose bayubakamo inzu, ndetse ko umushahara wa Dukuze Betty utashoboraga kuvamo ibimutunga n’umwana ngo yubake n’inzu wenyine. [23] Ku birebana n’amasezerano y’ubugure bwa mbere Dukuze Betty ashingiraho agaragaza ko umutungo uburanwa ari uwe wenyine kubera ko Kanobana Eddy atayagaragaraho, Me Gabiro David asobanura ko bitashobotse ko ayagaragaraho kuko yari mu butumwa bw’akazi. Na ho ku birebana n’amasezerano y’ubugure bw’umutungo wa kabiri, avuga ko bombi babyumvikanyeho ko Dukuze Betty ari we ukomeza kugaragara ku masezerano y’ubugure, kuko icyo kibanza cyari gito bakeneye kucyongera ku kibanza cya mbere, bituma Kanobana Eddy ayagaragaramo nk’umutangabuhamya, ndetse ko ari na yo mpamvu “fiche cadastrale” yanditse ku mazina ya Dukuze Betty wenyine, kubera ko kugira ngo umuntu ahabwe iriya fishi, hashingirwaga ku

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masezerano y’ubugure bw’ubutaka, ayo masezerano akaba yari yanditse ku mazina ya Dukuze Betty. [24] Me Gabiro David avuga ko uruhare rwa Kanobana Eddy mu ishakwa ry’iyo mitungo, rugaragarira mu kuba yarahaye Dukuze Betty 1000USD ubwo yamusuraga muri Congo akamusaba kuyaguramo ikibanza, kuba yarabanaga na Dukuze Betty nk’umugabo n’umugore kandi bakaba barabanye Kanobana Eddy afite akazi ahemberwa, akaba atari kujya asohora amafaranga yo kugura isima cyangwa ibindi bikoresho by’ubwubatsi, ngo ajye kwandika impapuro no gushyirishaho umukono na cyane ko atari azi ko hashobora kuvuka ibibazo, kandi ko ubuyobozi bw’Umudugudu wa Rukatsa bwemeje ko buzi Kanobana Eddy na Dukuze Betty babana muri uwo Mudugudu kuva mu mwaka wa 2000, ari na wo mwaka inzu yuzuriyemo, ndetse ko na mbere y’uko yuzura bakimukira Rukatsa, babanye ahandi hantu hatandukanye, ndetse ko na Dukuze Betty ubwe, na we adashobora kugaragariza Urukiko ibimenyetso byemeza ko ari we waguze ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi wenyine. [25] Mu gusoza, asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ko mu gihe rwasanga ubujurire bwa Kanobana Eddy bufite ishingiro, rwazashingira icyemezo cyarwo ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 39 y’Itegeko N° 59/2008 ryo ku wa 10/09/2008 rikumira kandi rihana ihohoterwa iryo ari ryo ryose rishingiye ku gitsina (GBV), rugategeka ko umutungo ufite UPI: 1/03/04/03/1789 na UPI: 1/03/04/03/1790 Kanobana Eddy na Dukuze Betty bayigabana mu buryo bungana, hanashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza rwa Gatera Johnson na KabalisaTeddy. [26] Me Murigande Jean Claude uhagarariye Dukuze Betty avuga ko iyi ngingo y’ubujurire nta shingiro ifite, kuko Kanobana Eddy na Dukuze Betty batabanye nk’umugore n’umugabo, ko ahubwo bagiranye ubushuti bikagera aho babyarana abana batatu (3), na ho kuba yaravuze ko yatangiye kuba inshuti na Kanobana Eddy muri 2007 kandi bafitanye abana babyaranye mbere y’uwo mwaka, avuga ko kubyarana n’umuntu bitavuze ko muri inshuti, ko mushobora kubyarana ariko mutari inshuti. Yemera ko Kanobana Eddy na Dukuze Betty bashatse kubana habaho n’imihango yo gusaba no gukwa, ariko birananirana, nyuma yo kutabyumvikanaho bahita babihagarika batagiye gusezerana imbere y’amategeko cyangwa mu idini, kandi ko nta mitungo bigeze bashakana nk’uko byasobanuwe mu manza zabanje. Avuga ko kuba Kanobana Eddy yarabyaranye na Dukuze Betty, bidasobanuye ko babanye nk’umugabo n’umugore, bityo ko Kanobana Eddy atashoboye kugaragaza ibimenyetso bihamya ko yabanye na Dukuze Betty nk’umugabo n’umugore. Avuga kandi ko Kanobana Eddy atigeze abana mu nzu na Dukuze Betty nk’umugabo n’umugore ndetse ko n’igihe babaga bari mu nzu imwe, umwe yabaga yasuye undi igihe cyagera agataha ndetse ko kubana nk’umugabo n’umugore bidahagije kugira ngo umwe agire uburenganzira ku mutungo, kubera ko agomba kugaragaza uruhare rwe mu mihahire yawo. [27] Me Murigande Jean Claude akomeza asobanura ko umutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 1/03/04/03/1789 Dukuze Betty yawuguze mu mwaka wa 1997 nk’uko bigaragazwa n’amasezerano y’ubugure yo ku wa 24/05/1997 yabaye hagati ye na Twagirayezu Jean Claude ku giciro cya 400.000Frw, na ho ubaruye kuri UPI :1/03/04/03/1790 awugura na Rugera Antoinette ku wa 30/07/2000 ku giciro cya 170.000Frw, kandi ko Kanobana Eddy yashyize umukono mu masezerano ya kabiri nk’umutangabuhamya, ko rero iyo baza kuba barawuguranye, na we yari kwandikwa mu masezerano y’ubugure nk’aho bafatanyije kuwugura. Ku birebana n’icyemezo cy’ubuyobozi

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bw’Umudugudu wa Rukatsa cyo mu mwaka wa 2000 Kanobana Eddy ashingiraho agaragaza ko yabanye na Dukuze Betty nk’umugabo n’umugore, Me Murigande Jean Claude avuga ko nta gaciro cyahabwa, kuko batigeze babana, kandi ko atigeze agitanga ku rwego rubanza, ndetse ko n’iyo cyashingirwaho nta cyo byatanga, kubera ko imitungo iburanwa yaguzwe mbere y’umwaka wa 2000. [28] Ku birebana n’amadolari 1000USD Kanobana Eddy avuga ko yahaye Dukuze Betty ubwo yamusuraga muri Congo akaba ari yo agura ubutaka buburanwa, Me Murigande Jean Claude avuga ko uretse kubivuga mu magambo gusa, nta kimenyetso abitangira, Urukiko Rukuru rukaba rutari kugendera ku magambo ye gusa, kandi ko abaye yaranayatanze atari yo yaba yarakoze imirimo yongereye iyo mitungo agaciro ndetse ko abigaragarije ibimenyetso yayasubizwa, aho kwiyandikishaho imitungo atagizemo uruhare mu kuyihaha. [29] Me Murigande Jean Claude akomeza asobanura ko nyuma yo kugura imitungo iburanwa, Dukuze Betty yubatsemo amazu akoresheje amafaranga yakuraga mu butumwa bw’akazi yakoreraga hanze y’igihugu, n’umwenda yatse muri BK, ari na ho yari afite konti yanyuzwagaho ayo mafaranga, nk’uko bigaragazwa na “historiques” za banki kandi koi zo historiques za banki bazitanze mu rubanza mu rwego rwo kugaragaza aho Dukuze Betty yavanye ubushobozi bwo kwagura uwo mutungo, atari mu rwego rwo kugaragaza aho yakuye amafaranga yaguze ibibanza. Bityo ko adakwiye kugabana na Kanobana Eddy imitungo ibaruye kuri UPI:1/03/04/03/1789 na UPI 1/03/04/03/1790 kuko nta ruhare ayifiteho. [30] Asobanura kandi ko impamvu Kanobana Eddy yafatanyije na Dukuze Betty kwandika ibaruwa isaba ko ikibanza gikatwamo bibiri, ari uko Dukuze Betty yashakaga ko gikatwamo kabiri koko, ariko bikaba bitari gushoboka abisabye wenyine, kubera ko yari yavuye mu butumwa bw’akazi hanze y’igihugu asanga na Kanobana Eddy yararangije kukiyandikishaho, bityo biba ngombwa ko bandika bombi. [31] Ashingiye ku ngingo ya 39 y’Itegeko N° 59/2008 ryo ku wa 10/09/2008 rikumira kandi rihana ihohoterwa iryo ari ryo ryose rishingiye ku gitsina, iteganya ko: “mu gihe umwe mu barebwa n’ibivugwa mu gika kibanziriza iki, yabanaga n’abagore cyangwa n’abagabo benshi, abanza kugabana ku buryo bungana na buri wese mu bo babanaga, umutungo bari bafitanye cyangwa bahahanye mbere y’uko ashyingirwa”, avuga ko kuba Kanobana Eddy atarabashije kugaragaza uruhare rwe mu kugura umutungo uburanwa ndetse no mu kuwongerera agaciro ufite kugeza ubu, no kuba afite umugore yashatse mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, ariko muri uko kumushaka akaba atarabanje kugaragaza uruhare afite kuri iyi mitungo, ari ikimenyetso cyerekana ko na we ubwe yari azi ko nta ruhare ayifiteho. Bityo ko badakwiye kuyigabana. [32] Asoza asaba ko mu gihe Urukiko rwaramuka rusanze Kanobana Eddy yarabanye na Dukuze Betty nk’umugabo n’umugore, kuzabona ko uwo mutungo washatswe na Dukuze Betty mbere y’uko babana nk’umugabo n’umugore, kandi ko kuba Kanobana Eddy ahinduranya imvugo, aho mu myanzuro avuga ko yahaye Dukuze Betty 1500USD yo kugura ikibanza, mu iburanisha akavuga ko yamuhaye 1000USD, ari ugushakisha, bityo ko rwazashingira no ku ngingo ya 12 y’itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, rukemeza ko nta bimenyetso Kanobana Eddy yagaragaje.

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Uko Urukiko rubibona [33] Ikibazo nyamukuru kiri kuri iyi ngingo ni icyo kumenya niba umutungo ufite UPI: 1/03/04/03/1789 na UPI: 1/03/04/03/1790 ari uwa Dukuze Betty wenyine ku buryo ari na we ukwiye kwandikwaho, amazina ya Kanobana Eddy agakurwa ku byangombwa by’iyo mitungo. [34] Ingingo ya 39, igika cya mbere y’Itegeko N˚59/2008 ryo ku wa 10/09/2008 rikumira kandi rihana ihohoterwa iryo ari ryo ryose rishingiye ku gitsina iteganya ko” Ababanaga nk’umugore n’umugabo batarashyingiranywe mu buryo buteganywa n’amategeko bagabana mu buryo bungana umutungo wabo bahahanye”. Na ho igika cya kabiri cy’iyi ngingo giteganya ko” Ababanaga nk’umugore n’umugabo batashyingiranywe mu buryo buteganywa n’amategeko, bashyingirwa hakurikijwe ihame ry’ubushyingiranwe bw’umugabo umwe n’umugore umwe. Mu gihe umwe mu barebwa n’ibivugwa mu gika kibanziriza iki, yabanaga n’abagore benshi cyangwa n’abagabo benshi, abanza kugabana ku buryo bungana na buri wese mu bo babanaga, umutungo bari bafitanye cyangwa bahahanye mbere y’uko ashyingirwa”. Ingingo ya 3 y’Itegeko N˚ 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo iteganya ko “Buri muburanyi agomba kugaragaza ukuri kw’ibyo aburana”. [35] Ikibazo gisa n’iki cyasuzumwe n’Urukiko w’Ikirenga mu rubanza RCAA0014/15/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 01/12/2017, Mutoni K. Jackline aburana na Niwenshuti Aloys na Mukambuguje Alodie, asaba kugira uruhare mu igabana ry’umutungo yahahanye na Niwenshuti Aloys ubwo babanaga nk’umugore n’umugabo, na ho Niwenshuti Aloys akavuga ko batigeze babana nk’umugore n’umugabo. Mu gusubiza ikibazo kirebana n’ikimenyetso cy’imibanire y’abagabo n’abagore batashakanye mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, mu gika cya 30 cy’urwo rubanza, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwifashishije inyandiko z’abahanga mu mategeko, rusobanura ko “iyo mibanire bwite hagati y’abantu idasaba ibimenyetso byihariye, ahubwo ko uburyo bwose bushoboka kugira ngo bugaragaze ko umugore n’umugabo babanye bwashingirwaho mu gufata icyemezo. Hashobora gushingirwa ku kimenyetso icyo ari cyo cyose harimo n’icyemezo cy’ubuyobozi bw’aho batuye cyangwa inyemezabuguzi y’amasezerano y’ubukode agaragaza ko babaga mu nzu imwe”. [36] Dosiye y’urubanza irimo icyemezo cyo ku wa 20/11/2020 cyatanzwe n’umuyobozi w’Umudugudu wa Rukatsa witwa Rwirangira Patrick, aho nyuma yo gushaka amakuru mu baturage, yemeza ko Kanobana Eddy yatuye muri uwo Mudugudu kuva mu mwaka wa 2000 abana na Dukuze Betty nk’umugore n’umugabo n’abana babo batatu, ko na we yageze muri uwo Mudugudu muri 2014 asanga babana nk’umugore n’umugabo, Kanobana Eddy akaba yarahavuye ku wa 13/01/2020 abimenyesheje ubuyobozi bw’uwo Mudugudu mu ibaruwa bwashyikirijwe ku wa 14/01/2020. [37] Hari kandi ibaruwa Kanobana Eddy na Dukuze Betty bandikiye Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Kicukiro ku wa 30/06/2014 ifite umutwe ugira uti “Gusaba kugabanyamo ikibanza mu rugo rwacu”, bakaba barasobanuraga ko bifuza ko iyo sambu igabanywamo kugira ngo ahandi babashe kuhashyira inyubako. Hari n’amafoto yafotowe mu muhango wo gusaba no gukwa Dukuze Betty. [38] Dosiye y’urubanza irimo kandi ibyemezo by’amavuko by’abana Kanobana Eddy yabyaranye na Dukuze Betty, bigaragaza ko umwana wa mbere witwa Kazeneza Arnod yavutse ku

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wa 21/12/1999, uwa kabiri witwa Kamikazi Ornella wavutse ku wa 19/03/2002, n’umwana wa gatatu witwa Ishimwe Ganza Dylan wavutse ku wa 25/07/2013. Hari n’ibaruwa yanditswe ku wa 13/01/2020, ifite impamvu igira iti” Kubamenyesha ko nimutse mu Mudugudu muyobora”. Iyi baruwa Kanobana Eddy yayandikiye umuyobozi w’Umudugudu wa Rukatsa, amumenyesha ko yimutse muri uwo Mudugudu yabagamo abana na Lt Col Dukuze Betty nk’umugore n’umugabo kandi ko yimutse kubera impamvu zo kurengera umutekano we. Asobanura ko yabanaga na Dukuze Betty ariko batarashakanye mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, ko bari bamaze imyaka igera kuri irindwi (7) batakirarana mu cyumba kimwe nk’uko byahoze mbere, ahubwo buri wese yarafashe icyumba cye kubera amakimbirane ahanini ashingiye ku mitungo bashakanye. Asobanura kandi ko yanditse iyo baruwa kugira ngo atazafatwa nk’umuntu wataye inshingano zo kurera abana yabyaranye na Dukuze Betty, ko ahubwo abikoze mu rwego rwo kurengera umutekano we no kumenyesha ubuyobozi ko nta mutungo n’umwe atwaye uretse imyenda ye. [39] Ku bijyanye no kuba Kanobana Eddy na Dukuze Betty barabanye nk’umugore n’umugabo, Urukiko rurasanga ibivugwa na Dukuze Betty ko babaye inshuti guhera mu mwaka wa 2007 kandi ko batigeze babana nk’umugore n’umugabo, ahubwo yazaga kumusura nk’inshuti bisanzwe ubundi agataha, bitagomba guhabwa ishingiro kubera impamvu zikurikira: -Kuba Kanobana Eddy yarasobanuriye Urukiko ko mu gihe yajyaga mu butumwa bw’akazi i Kinshasa, yasize Dukuze Betty mu rugo nk’umugore we ndetse muri 1997 Dukuze Betty akamusura aho yari mu butumwa muri Congo. Dukuze Betty nta bwo ahakana ko yasuye Kanobana Eddy muri Congo kandi ntasobanura urwego yaba yaramusuyemo ku buryo hakurikijwe akazi akora, yava mu gihugu ajya mu kindi agiye kureba umuntu badafitanye umubano wihariye; kuba Dukuze Betty yiyemerera ko yasabwe akanakobwa mu mwaka w’a 1999, na cyo ni ikimenyetso kigaragaza ko uwo muhango wabaye asanzwe abana na Kanobana Eddy nk’umugore n’umugabo, Dukuze Betty akaba atabasha gusobanura uburyo Kanobana Eddy yaje kumusaba no kumukwa bataziranye cyangwa badasanzwe ari inshuti, ku buryo byakwirengagizwa hemezwa ko babaye inshuti mu mwaka wa 2007. [40] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga kandi inyandiko yanditswe na Dukuze Betty na Kanobana Eddy yo ku wa 30/06/2014 basaba ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Kicukiro kugabanyamo isambu y’urugo rwabo, na cyo ari ikindi kimenyetso kigaragaza nta gushidikanya ko babanye nk’umugore n’umugabo ibi kandi byongera gushimangirwa n’icyemezo cyatanzwe n’ubuyobozi bw’Umudugudu wa Rukatsa cyavuzwe haruguru. [41] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye ku bikubiye mu murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza rwavuzwe haruguru ndetse n’ibisobanuro bitanzwe, rusanga nta gushidikanya ko Kanobana Eddy yabanye na Dukuze Betty nk’umugore n’umugabo mu buryo buhoraho (de façon stable) kandi bukomeza (de façon continue) kuva mu mwaka wa 1995 kugeza ku wa 13/01/2020, ubwo Kanobana Eddy yamenyeshaga ubuyobozi bw’Umudugudu yari atuyemo, ko avuye mu rugo rwe ku mpamvu zo kurengera umutekano we. [42] Ku bijyanye no kuba Dukuze Betty avuga ko Kanobana Eddy yamusuraga nk’inshuti bisanzwe igihe cyagera agataha, Urukiko rurasanga iyo mvugo nta shingiro yahabwa, cyane ko inyandiko y’ubuyobozi bw’Umudugudu wa Rukatsa yemeza ko babanaga nk’umugore n’umugabo, yashyizweho umukono n’abandi bantu batuye muri uwo Mudugudu bazi imibanire yabo, Kanobana Eddy akaba atarigeze agaragara muri uwo Mudugudu nk’umushyitsi, cyane ko Dukuze Betty nta

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kimenyetso yashoboye kugaragariza Urukiko cy’aho yaba yaragiye kubaruza Kanobana Eddy mu nzego z’ubuyobozi nk’umushyitsi wamugendereye. [43] Ku bijyanye n’uburenganzira ku mutungo bw’ababanye nk’umugore n’umugabo batarashyingiwe mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, mu gika cya 33 cy’urubanza RCAA0014/15/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 01/12/2017, urwo Rukiko rwavuze ko ibyo ababuranyi basobanuye ko rwavuze ko kugira ngo ababanye batarashyingiranywe bagabane umutungo uburanwa, buri wese agomba kugaragaza uruhare yashyizeho kugira ngo uwo mutungo ubeho cyangwa wongererwe agaciro atari byo1, ko ahubwo aho rwavuze ko”mu gihe ababanaga nk’umugabo n’umugore batarashyingiranywe bahagaritse kubana, kugira ngo bagabane umutungo ni uko bagomba kuba bawufitanye cyangwa barawushakanye”, ko ijambo”bawufitanye” cyangwa “barawushakanye”atavuga ko buri wese agomba kugaragaza ingano (quantité) y’ibyo yakoze kugira ngo umutungo ubeho cyangwa ngo yerekane ibyo yawushyizeho kugira ngo wiyongere agaciro, ko ahubwo uwo mutungo ugomba kuba warabonetse muri cya gihe kidashidikanywaho bombi babanaga kuko icyangombwa ari uko muri iyo mibanire buri wese aba afite ibyo akora mu guteza imbere urugo2. [44] Dosiye y’urubanza irimo inyandiko y’amasezerano y’ubugure yo ku wa 24/05/1997, Dukuze Betty agura na Twagirayezu Jean Claude urutoki ku giciro cya 400.000Frw ; amasezerano y’ubugure yo ku wa 30/07/2000, Dukuze Betty agura na Rugera Antoinette ikibanza kirimo urutoki ku giciro cya 170.000Frw (aya masezerano ya kabiri Kanobana Eddy yayashyizeho umukono nk’umutangabuhamya, na ho aya mbere ntabwo agaragaraho akaba yarasobanuriye Urukiko ko waguzwe ari mu butumwa bw’akazi i Kinshasa). [45] Hari kandi icyemezo cy’inzu cyatanzwe n’umuyobozi w’Umurenge wa Kagarama ku wa 03/04/2000, aho yemeza ko Dukuze Betty afite inzu muri Selire Rukatsa, Zone Rukatsa, yubatswe mu mwaka w’1997, ifite m 10 kuri 8,50 m, ikaba yubakishije amatafari ahiye, isakaje amabati. Hari kandi ibaruwa Dukuze Betty yandikiye ubuyobozi bw’Umujyi wa Kigali ku wa 17/06/2004, asaba ibyangombwa by’inzu ye iri mu Murenge wa Kagarama, mu Karere ka Kicukiro ; hari kitansi Dukuze Betty yishyuriyeho 30.000Frw ku wa 10/06/2004 yiswe “régularisation de parcelle”. [46] Dosiye y’urubanza irimo kandi ibyemezo by’umutungo ufite UPI: 1/03/04/03/1789, n’umutungo ufite UPI: 1/03/04/03/1790 byanditse kuri Kanobana Eddy na Dukuze Betty, buri wese awufiteho umugabane ungana na 50%, ikigaragara kandi ni uko ibi byemezo byombi byakozwe ku itariki ya 04/08/2014, ari na bwo amasezerano y’ubukode atangiriraho. [47] Hari ibaruwa Dukuze Betty yandikiye Ikigo Gishinzwe Umutungo Kamere mu Rwanda ku wa 26/09/2016 asaba ubufasha. Muri iyo baruwa yasobanuye ko yari afite ikibanza gifite n˚ 998 giherereye mu Karere ka Kicukiro, mu Murenge wa Kagarama, mu Kagari ka Rukatsa, mu Mudugudu wa Rukatsa muri 1997, igihe cy’ibarura kiba yaragiye mu mirimo hanze y’igihugu, 1 Aha ababuranyi bavugaga ko byavuzwe mu rubanza RS/INCONST/Pen.0003/10/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 07/01/2011, Gatera Johnson na Kabarisa Teddy baregeye basaba kuvanaho ingingo ya 39 y’Itegeko n˚ 59/2008 ryo ku wa 10/09/2008 rikumira kandi rihana ihohoterwa iryo ari ryo ryose rishingiye ku gitsina, kuko inyuranyije n’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryo ku wa 04 Kamena 2003 nk’uko ryavuguruwe kugeza ubu. 2 Ibi na byo byasobanuwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RCAA00043/2016/SC rwaciwe ku wa 15/09/2017, haburana Uwiragiye Charles na Uwamahoro Jeannine, igika cya 13.

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agarutse asanga umuntu babyaranye ariko batasezeranye byemewe n’amategeko yarashyizwe kuri icyo cyangombwa kandi nta burenganzira yari agifiteho nk’uko bigaragazwa na dosiye ya mbere y’ibarura ryakozwe muri 2011, akaba yarasabaga ko yakurwa kuri icyo cyangombwa kuko nta burenganzira agifiteho, ko atazi n’impamvu icyo kigo cyamushyizeho. [48] Hari ibaruwa yo ku wa 20/10/2016, umuyobozi w’Ikigo Gishinzwe Umutungo Kamere mu Rwanda/Urwego rw’Umubitsi w’impapurompamo z’ubutaka yanditse asubiza Dukuze Betty. Muri iyo baruwa, uwo muyobozi avuga ko amaze kubona ko ubutaka bwabaruwe kuri Dukuze Betty na Kanobana Eddy nk’abafatanyije umutungo ndetse bakaba barahawe ibyangombwa hashingiwe ku makuru bitangiye ubwabo akaba atarigeze avuguruzwa cyangwa ngo hatambamirwe itangwa ry’ibyangombwa ari nayo mpamvu babihawe; ashingiye ku ngingo ya 58 y’Iteka rya Minisitiri N˚ 002/2008 ryo ku wa 01/04/2008 rigena uburyo iyandikisha ry’ubutaka rikorwa, iteganya ko ibyangombwa by’ubutaka bishobora gukosorwa mu gihe cyose abarebwa n’ikibazo babyiyemereye cyangwa hari icyemezo cy’Urukiko, amusaba ko begera ikigo abereye umuyobozi bakakimenyesha aho bahagaze kuri icyo kibazo, bitashoboka uwumva abangamiwe akiyambaza Urukiko rubifitiye ububasha, anamumenyesha ko handitswe itambamira ku ihererekanya kuri uwo mutungo nk’uko byasabwe na Kanobana Eddy. [49] Urukiko rurasanga, ibisobanuro bishingirwaho byaba ibiteganywa n’amategeko ndetse n’imanza zatanze umurongo, byagaragajwe mu bika byavuzwe mbere, ahasobanuwe ko kugira ngo umwe mu babanye nk’umugore n’umugabo batarashakanye mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko agire uburenganzira ku mutungo bashakanye mu gihe babanaga, bidasaba kugaragaza uruhare rwe mu igurwa ryawo cyangwa mu kwagura agaciro kawo, ahubwo icy’ingenzi ari uko uwo mutungo washatswe mu gihe babanaga nk’umugore n’umugabo bidashidikanywaho. Bityo kuba hagaragajwe ko kuva mu mwaka wa 1997 kugeza ku wa 13/01/2020, Kanobana Eddy yabanaga na Dukuze Betty nk’umugabo n’umugore, nta gushidikanya ko imitungo yagaragarijwe numero za UPIs buri wese ayifiteho uburenganzira bungana n’ubwa mugenzi we, kubera ko byagaragaye ko yaguzwe hagati y’umwaka wa 1997 n’uwa 2000. [50] Ku birebana no kuba uhagarariye Dukuze Betty avuga ko Kanobana Eddy yiyandikishije kuri iyo mitungo Dukuze Betty yaragiye mu butumwa bw’akazi mu mahanga ndetse akaba ari na byo Dukuze Betty yasobanuye mu ibaruwa yo ku wa 26/09/2016 ubwo yasabaga kuvana Kanobana Eddy ku byangombwa by’uwo mutungo, Urukiko rurasanga rukurikije igisubizo yahawe n’Umubitsi w’Impapurompamo z’ubutaka, nta buriganya Kanobana yakoresheje kugira ngo amazina ye yandikwe kuri icyo cyangombwa, kuko muri iyo baruwa, umuyobozi w’urwo rwego amenyesha Dukuze Betty ko ibyangombwa by’umutungo byanditswe hashingiwe ku makuru bitangiye ubwabo. [51] Ikindi kigaragaza ko ibyo kuba Kanobana Eddy yariyandikishije kuri uwo mutungo Dukuze Betty yaragiye mu butumwa hanze y’igihugu bitabayeho, ni uko ku itariki ya 30/06/2014, ariho ubwabo bombi biyandikiye ibaruwa igenewe Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Kicukiro, basaba ko isambu y’urugo rwabo igabanywamo kabiri kugira ngo ahandi bahashyire inyubako, ibi bikaba byarabaye mbere y’uko ibyangombwa by’ubutaka bitangwa, kuko nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, ibyo byangombwa by’ubutaka byatanzwe ku wa 04/08/2014, Dukuze Betty akaba atagaragariza Urukiko ko nyuma y’itariki 30/06/2014 yaba yarasubiye hanze y’igihugu akaba ari bwo Kanobana Eddy

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yiyandikisha kuri uwo mutungo n’ubwo na byo nta cyo byamumarira,hakurikijwe igisubizo yahawe n’ubuyobozi bw’Urwego rw’umubitsi w’impapurompamo z’ubutaka. [52] Urukiko rurasanga kandi iyo Dukuze Betty aba yaravuye mu butumwa hanze y’igihugu agasanga Kanobana Eddy yariyandikishijeho umutungo atawufiteho uburenganzira, batari gufatanya gusaba ko iyo sambu ikatwamo ibibanza bibiri, ahubwo yari gukurikirana akamenya uburyo amazina ya Kanobana Eddy yageze kuri ibyo byangombwa. Byongeye kandi aho yasobanuye ko impamvu bafatanyije kwandika ibaruwa isaba ko isambu ikatwamo kabiri ari uko yari yasanze yariyandikishije ku cyangombwa cy’uwo mutungo, Urukiko rurasanga nta kuri kurimo, kuko atagaragaza icyo cyangombwa cy’umutungo Kanobana Eddy yiyandikishijeho mbere y’itariki ya 30/06/2014. Rurasanga kandi habaye hari ikibazo cy’uko Kanobana Eddy yiyandikishijeho umutungo adafiteho uburenganzira, batari guhindukira ngo yongere kwandikwa ku byangombwa by’umutungo byatanzwe ku wa 04/08/2014 nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru. [53] Hashingiwe ku byasobanuwe haruguru, Urukiko rurasanga Kanobana Eddy afite uburenganzira ku mutungo ufite UPI: 1/03/04/03/1789 na UPI: 1/03/04/03/1790, iherereye mu Mudugudu wa Rukatsa, Akagari ka Rukatsa, Umurenge wa Kagarama, Akarere ka Kicukiro, Umujyi wa Kigali. Bityo, ukaba utagomba kwandikwa kuri Dukuze Betty wenyine. [54] Ku birebana no kuba Kanobana Eddy na Dukuze Betty bagabana uwo mutungo, Urukiko rurasanga rutagomba gusuzuma iki kibazo, kubera ko kitigeze kigibwaho impaka mu manza zabanje, aho Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwamenyesheje ababuranyi ko atari cyo rwari rwaregewe. 2.Kumenya ishingiro ry’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa n’ababuranyi [55] Me Gabiro David uhagarariye Kanobana Eddy ashingiye ku kuba Dukuze Betty yarashoye uwo ahagarariye mu manza z’amaherere, akamutera akababaro ko kumusiga urubwa avuga ko yashatse kumuriganya umutungo we kandi atari ko biri, ahubwo agamije kumwambura uburenganzira yari afite kuri uwo mutungo, asaba ko yamuha indishyi z’akababaro zingana na 5.000.000Frw. Ashingiye kandi ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 111 y’itegeko ryerekeye iimiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ndetse no ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 34 y’Amabwiriza rusange ashyiraho ibihembo mbonera bya Avoka, asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka Dukuze Betty kwishyura Kanobana Eddy amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza angana na 6.500.000Frw yo ku nzego zose kuva mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye kugeza kuri uru rwego, no kumutegeka kumusubiza 50.000Frw y’ingwate y’amagarama yatanze arega kandi ko indishyi zisabwa na Dukuze Betty nta shingiro zifite, kubera ko nta mpamvu yazo. [56] Me Murigande Jean Claude uhagarariye Dukuze Betty avuga ko indishyi Kanobana Eddy asaba nta shingiro zifite, kubera ko ari we wishoye mu manza nta mpamvu, asaba ahubwo ko Kanobana Eddy aha uwo ahagarariye amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka angana na 1.000.000Frw n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza angana na 1.000.000Frw. Uko Urukiko rubibona

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[57] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko “Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikiye ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe”. [58] Urukiko rurasanga indishyi z’akababaro Kanobana Eddy asaba atagomba kuzihabwa, kubera ko kuba yarabanye na Dukuze Betty badashyingiwe mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, yagombaga kwitega ko igihe icyo ari cyo cyose umubano wabo washyirwaho iherezo, akaba rero agomba kwirengera ingaruka zabyo. [59] Urukiko rurasanga kandi Dukuze Betty yarashoye Kanobana Eddy mu manza, bikaba bigaragara ko yashatse Avoka wo kumuburanira ku nzego zose, bityo amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza asaba akaba afite ishingiro, ariko kubera ko 6.500.000Frw asaba nta kigaragaza ko ari yo yatanze koko mu nzego zose, mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko, Dukuze Betty akaba agomba kumuha 800.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka yiyongera ku yo yagenewe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [60] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Kanobana Eddy, bufite ishingiro. [61] Rwemeje ko urubanza RCA00241/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 19/10/2022, ruhindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose. [62] Rutegetse ko umutungo ufite UPI: 1/03/04/03/1789 na UPI:1/03/04/03/1790 ukomeza kwandikwa ku mazina ya Dukuze Betty na Kanobana Eddy. [63] Rutegetse Dukuze Betty guha Kanobana Eddy 800.000Frw akubiyemo ay’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka kuri uru rwego, yiyongera ku yo yagenewe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge. [64] Rutegetse Dukuze Betty gusubiza Kanobana Eddy 50.000Frw yatanzeho ingwate y’amagarama ajurira.