UBUSHINJACYAHA v KANYABIKARI

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v KANYABIKARI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-05-28 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00848/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v KANYABIKARI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 00848/2024/CA (Ndahayo, P.J) 28 Gicurasi 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Igihano – Impamvu nyoroshyacyaha – Urukiko ntirutegetswe kugabanya igihano niyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ahubwo rugena igihano mu bushishozi bwarwo rurebye imikorere y’icyaha uregwa akurikiranyweho cyangwa uburyo cyakozwemo. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Kanyabikari mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cy’ubwicanyi yakoreye umugore we Mukasafari buvuga ko yamukubise ishoka mu mutwe inshuro eshatu (03), ubwa mbere ngo ni mu musaya w'ibumoso, inshuro ya kabiri (02) nabwo yongera asubiza mu gikomere cyaho yari amaze kuyikubita mu musaya w'ibumoso naho inshuro ya gatatu (03) ayimukubita mu kanwa ahita amwica. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25). Uregwa ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, ajurira mu Rukiko Rukuru, asaba imbabazi z’icyaha yakoze asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano. Urwo Rukiko narwo rwaciye urubanza, kubera uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze ndetse n’ubugome yagikoranye rugumishaho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe rwahanishije Kanyabikari igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25). Nanone yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, akavuga ko ngo icyaha yakoze atari yakigambiriye kuko nta kintu yari asanzwe apfa n’umugore we, ko bari biriwe banywa inzoga mu kabari kuko bari bagize isabukuru y’imyaka makumyabiri(20) bamaze bashakanye,bataha bagatongana, ko rero mu gukora icyaha ari ubuteshuke bucye yagize, akaba yaraburanye yemera icyaha ndetse ari n’ubwa mbere akoze icyaha. Ubushinjacyaha bwo buvuga ko ibivugwa na Kanyabikari ko kwica umugore byamugwiririye bitahabwa ishingiro kuko yari yabitekerejeho aho yamukubise ishoka inshuro eshatu mu musaya ndetse no mu kanwa; akaba yari yabitekerejeho ndetse akaba atagomba kongera kugabanyirizwa kubera ubugome yakoranye icyaha. Incamake y’icyemezo: Urukiko ntirutegetswe kugabanya igihano niyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ahubwo rugena igihano mu bushishozi bwarwo rurebye imikorere y’icyaha uregwa akurikiranyweho cyangwa uburyo cyakozwemo. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Imanza zifashishijwe: Ubushinjacyaha vs Uzabakiriho, RPAA 0021/14/CS- Nº RPAA 0022/14/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 13/10/2017. Ubushinjacyaha vs Muhigana, RPAA 00788/2024/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/03/2025.

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Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Kanyabikari Augustin yacyetsweho icyaha cy’ubwicanyi yakoreye umugore we Mukasafari Donatha, aho tariki ya 23/06/2022 saa 01H00, yamukubise inshoka mu mutwe inshuro eshatu (03), ubwa mbere ngo ni mu musaya w'ibumoso, inshuro ya kabiri (02) nabwo yongera asubiza mu gikomere cyaho yari amaze kuyikubita mu musaya w'ibumoso naho inshuro ya gatatu (03) ayimukubita mu kanwa ahita amwica. [2] Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi rumukurikiranyeho icyaha cy’ubwicanyi, bugashingira ku kuba uregwa yiyemerera icyaha, abatangabuhamya bamushinja n’ibigaragazwa n’amafoto ya nyakwigendera, bumusabira igihano k’igufungo cya burundu. [3] Kanyabikari Augustin yaburanye yemera icyaha agasaba imbabazi, asobanura ko yari yiriwe mu kabari n’umugore we banywa inzoga nyuma batashye ninjoro barashyamirana aribwo yakubise urushyi umugore we, hanyuma ngo umugore we afata ishoka yari aho hafi y’urugi ashaka kuyimukubita aribwo ngo nawe yahise ayimwaka arayimukubita. [4] Mu rubanza RP 00711/2020/TGI/GIC rwaciwe ku wa 28/07/2022 rwemeza ko Kanyabikari Augustin ahamwa n’icyaha aregwa, rumuhanisha igihano k’igifungo k’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25).mu gufata icyemezo rushingira ku kwemera icyaha kwe, ku batangabuhamya bamushinja n’ amafoto ya nyakwigendera agaragaza uburyo yakubitswe inshoka inshuro eshatu. [5] Kanyabikari Augustin ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, ajurira mu Rukiko Rukuru, avuga ko asaba imbabazi z’icyaha yakoze asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano. Ubushinjacyaha bwo bwavugaga ko yagabanyirijwe mu rukiko Rwisumbuye mu buryo buhagije akaba atagomba kongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano. [6] Mu rubanza RPA 01203/2022/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 26/07/2024 Urukiko Rukuru remeje ko ubujurire bwa Kanyabikari nta shingiro bufite, rugumishaho imikirize y’urubanza RP 00711/2022/TGI/GIC rwaciwe n’urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi rwahanishije Kanyabikari Augustin igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25). Mu gufata icyemezo Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiye ku kuba atagomba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kubera uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze ndetese n’ubugome yagikoranye. [7] Kanyabikari Augustin yongeye kujurira mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa No RPAA 00848/2024/CA ruburanishwa ku wa 06/05/2025, Kanyabikari Augustin yunganiwe na Me Nsengiyumva Justin, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Ntawangundi Beatrice, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’igihugu. [8] Mu mwanzuro w’ubujurire no mu miburanire ya Kanyabikari Augustin ndetse n’umwunganizi we asobanura ko asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, akavuga ko ngo icyaha yakoze atari yakigambiriye kuko nta kintu yari asanzwe apfa n’umugore we, ko bari biriwe banywa inzoga mu kabari kuko bari bagize isabukuru y’imyaka makumyabiri(20) bamaze

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bashakanye,bataha bagatongana, ko rero mu gukora icyaha ari ubuteshuke bucye yagize, akaba yaraburanye yemera icyaha ndetse ari n’ubwa mbere akoze icyaha. [9] Akomeza avuga ko ngo asaba ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano agahanishwa igihano k’igifungo kiri mu nsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko; naho umwunganizi we asaba ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 y’itegeko n0 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, hakazashingirwa ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zari zemejwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi kuko Urukiko Rukuru ntacyo rwazivuzeho , hanyuma rukagabanyiriza uregwa igihano rukamuhanisha igihano k’igifungo kingana n’imyaka 15. [10] Uhagararaiye ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibivugwa na Kanyabikari Augustin ko kwica umugore byamugwiririye bitahabwa ishingiro kuko yari yabitekerejeho aho yamukubise ishoka inshuro eshatu mu musaya ndetse no mu kanwa; akaba yari yabitekerejeho ndetse akaba atagomba kongera kugabanyirizwa kubera ubugome yakoranye icyaha. [11] Impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku ukumenya niba Kanyabikari Augustin yakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano yahanishijwe mu rubanza yajuririye. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA [12] Kanyabikari Augustin n’umwunganizi we basaba ko yakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko igihano yahawe ari kinini, akagabanyirizwa hashingiwe ku kuba yaraburanye yemera icyaha kuva mu nzego z’iperereza kugeza mu rukiko, akaba acyemera mu buryo budashindikanwaho kandi akaba ari ubwa mbere yari akurikiranyweho icyaha mu nkiko. [13] Ubushinjacya bwo buvuga ko atagomba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kubera uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze n’uburyo icyaha yakoze yagikoranye ubugome bukabije, ko kandi impamvu atanga asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano ari nazo yari yatanze mu Rukiko Rukuru, hanyuma Urukiko rusanga atagomba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kubera uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze n’ubugome yagikoranye, ko kuri uru rwego ntacyo agaragaza anenga ibyashingiweho n’Urubanza rujuririrwa. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [14] Dosiye igaragaza ko mu rubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi mu gika cya 8-9, Urukiko rwasanze hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 60 y’itegeko n0 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange1; kuba Kanyabikari Augustin yaraburanye yemera icyaha byimubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, aho guhanishwa igihano cya burundu rumugabanyiriza ibihano rumuhanisha igihano k’igifungo k’imyaka 25. [15] Dosiye igaragaza ko mu Rukiko Rukuru, mu gika cya 14 , Urukiko rwasanze icyaha Kanyabikari Augustin yakoreye umugore we ubwo yamukubitaga ishoka mu mutwe inshuro eshatu(3) inshuro ya mbere mu musaya w'ibumoso, inshuro ya kabiri nabwo yongera asubiza mu gikomere cyaho yaramaze kuyikubita mu musaya w'ibumoso naho inshuro ya gatatu ayimukubita mu kanwa. ko ibyo bigaragaza ko cyaha yagikoranye ubugome bikabije, rusanga ibihano

1 Iyo ngingo iteganya ko iyo hari impamvu zigabanya ububi bw’ icyaha, igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25).

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yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) kitagomba kugabanywa. [16] Mu gusuzuma iki kibazo hakwifashishwa ibyemejwe mu rubanza Nº RPAA 0021/14/CS- Nº RPAA 0022/14/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 13/10/2017 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Uzabakiriho ku bjyanye no kumenya niba Urukiko rwaba rutegetswe kugabanya ibihano mu gihe cyose hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, Urukiko rwemeje ko Urukiko rudategetswe kugabanya igihano niyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ahubwo rugena igihano mu bushishozi bwarwo rurebye imikorere y’icyaha uregwa akurikiranyweho cyangwa uburyo cyakozwemo. Uyu murongo wakomeje gukurikizwa mu manza nyinshi zaciwe, uruheruka akaba ari urubanza RPAA 00788/2024/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/03/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Muhigana Onesphole. [17] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga kuri uru rwego, uretse gusa kongera gusaba kugabanyirizwa igihano ashingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha yari yagaragaje mu rukiko rujuririrwa, Kanyabikari Augustin atagaragaza ikosa ryakozwe n’Urukiko Rukuru mu kwanga kumugabanyiriza igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu rwasobanuye. [18] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kandi rurasanga, nk’uko n’Urukiko Rukuru rwabisobanuye, bikaba binahuje n’umurongo wavuzwe haruguru watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ukanashingirwaho mu zindi manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, hashingiwe ku buremere bw’icyaha Kanyabikari Augustin yakoze cyo kuvutsa ubuzima umugore we, hanashigiwe ku bugome yagikoranye kuko nk’uko byasobanuwe kuba yarafashe umugore we akamukubita ishoka inshuro eshatu, akayimukubita inshuro ebyiri mu mutwe mu musaya w’ibumoso, akongera akayimukubita mu kanwa akamwica, bigaragaza ubugome bukabije yakoranye icyaha, akaba nta kosa Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze rwanga kumugabanyiriza igihano harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze n’ubugome yagikoranye. [19] Urukiko rurasanga rero ku bijyanye n’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha Kanyabikari Augustin aburanisha y’uko yaburanye yemera icyaha ndetse akaba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho n’inkiko, irebewe hamwe n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze kimwe n’ubugome yagikoranye nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru, impamvu atanga zitagomba gushingirwaho ngo agabanyirizwe ibihano nk’uko abisaba, bityo ubujurire bwe bukaba nta shingiro bufite. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [20] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Kanyabikari Augustin nta shingiro bufite. [21] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza Nº RPA 01203 /2022 /HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, kuwa 26/07/2024, aho rwahanishije Kanyabikari Augustin igihano cy’igifungo kingana n’imyaka makumyabiri (20) kidahindutse kikaba kigumyeho. [22] Rutegetse ko Kanyabikari Augustin asonewe amagarama y’urubanza kuko aburana afunze.