KANYAMAGANA v SANLAM N’UNDI

# KANYAMAGANA v SANLAM N’UNDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-02-17 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RC 00027/2022/SC - Collection: Supreme Court

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KANYAMAGANA v SANLAM N’UNDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA - RS/INJUST/RC 00027/2022/SC (Nyirinkwaya, P.J., Hitiyaremye na Karimunda, J.) 17 Gashyantare 2023] Amategeko y’imanza mbonezamubano – Imiburanishirize y’imanza – Imanza z’akarengane - Umuburanyi utarasabye ko urubanza rwe rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane akurikije uburyo n’inzira biteganywa n’Itegeko cyangwa uwabisabye ariko inzego zibishinzwe zigasanga nta karengane kari mu rubanza yifuza ko rusubirishwamo, cyangwa zigasanga ubusabe bwe butujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo bwakirwe busuzumwe, ntashobora kuririra ku kirego cyatanzwe n’uwasubirishijemo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane ngo nawe asabe ko rwasuzuma ibyo atishimiye muri urwo rubanza rusubirishwamo. Amategeko y’imanza mbonezamubano – Imiburansihirize y’imanza – Kugena igihembo cy’avoka iyo abatsinzwe ari benshi - Iyo hari abatsinzwe benshi, Urukiko nirwo, mu bushishozi bwarwo, rusuzuma niba igihembo cy’ Avoka kigomba gucibwa abatsinzwe urubanza bose cyangwa niba hari impamvu zumvikana zatuma gicibwa umwe muri bo. Amategeko y’imanza mbonezamubano – Imiburanihsirize y’imanza - Gufata icyemezo ku cyaregewe gusa - Urukiko rufata icyemezo ku ngingo rwaregewe n’ababuranyi kandi bumvikanyeho mu nama ntegurarubanza ko arizo zizasuzumwa. Incamake y’ikibazo: Turikumwe yitabiriye cyamunara yari yateguwe na SORAS AG Ltd (ubu yabaye SANLAM AG Plc) aguramo moto. Mu masezerano y’ubugure yagiranye na SORAS AG Ltd bumvikanye ko igomba kumufasha gukora ihererekanyamutungo kuri iyo moto, ariko ntiyigeze ibyubahiriza. Mu bihe bitandukanye yandikiye SORAS AG Ltd ayisaba kumwandikishaho iyo moto ntiyabikora, bimutera igihombo kuko atashoboye kuyibyaza umusaruro, bituma atanga ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge asaba indishyi mbonezamusaruro zibarwa uhereye igihe iyo moto yasohokaga mu igaraji kugeza urubanza ruciwe burundu n’izindi ndishyi zitandukanye. Sanlam yo ivuga ko iyo moto yari ifite ubwishingizi mu kindi kigo iza kugongwa n’imidoka yishingiwe na SORAS AG Ltd hanyuma bumvikana na nyri iyo moto witwa Kanyamagana ko yabaha iyo moto nabo bakamuha ikiguzi cyayo ariko yanga kuboneka ngo akore ihererekanyamutungo, araregwa urukiko rumutegeka gukora ihererekanyamutungo nanone akomeza kubura. Ururkiko rwanzuye ko Sanlam igomba gukorera Turikumwe ihererekanyamutungo ariko ko nta ndishyi ikwiye gutanga kuko bitaturutse ku bushake bwayo mu kudakora ihererekanyamutungo. Turikumwe yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru avuga ko atagenewe indishyi mbonezamusaruro kandi yarazisabye, asaba no guhabwa 561.010 Frw y’ibirarane by'imisoro ya moto n’izindi ndishyi zitandukanye ururkiko rusanga ubwo bujurire budafite ishingiro rutegeka Kanyamagana guha Sanlam igihembo cy’Avoka. Kanyamagana yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba ko yarenganurwa nawe amaze kubisuzuma yandikira Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, urwo rubanza ruhabwa Urukiko rw’Ikirenga. Iburanisha ryatangiye hasuzumwa ibyo Turikumwe yavugaga ko nawe yasabye gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane ariko ubusabe bwe ntibwakirwa agasaba urukiko gusuzuma ibyaburanwaga byose.

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Hasuzumwe kandi ikibazo cyo kumenya niba mu kugenera SANLAM AG Plc igihembo cy’ Avoka, Urukiko Rukuru rwarafashe icyemezo ku kitararegewe n’icyo kumenya niba ibyo byaratumye Kanyamagana ahanirwa ikosa rimwe inshuro ebyiri. Kanyamagana, avuga ko mu rubanza No RC 00279/2018/TGI/GSBO, yari yategetswe guha SANLAM AG Plc 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cy’Avoka, bageze mu bujurire bw’uru rubanza (rukomoka ku rubanza No RC 00539/2019/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 29/10/2020), SANLAM AG Plc ntiyasaba igihembo cy’ Avoka, ariko Urukiko Rukuru rwitwaje ko Kanyamagana ari we nyirabayazana w’imanza, rumutegeka na none kuyiha 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cy’ Avoka akaba asanga yarahaniwe ikosa rimwe inshuro ebyiri. Uregwa yisobanura avuga ko igihembo cy’Avoka bakiregeye, gisabwa Turikumwe, ariko mu guca urubanza, Urukiko rusanga Kanyamagana ari we nyirabayazana w’imanza, rutegeka ko ari we ugomba kugitanga bityo akaba asanga nta karengane karimo. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Umuburanyi utarasabye ko urubanza rwe rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane akurikije uburyo n’inzira biteganywa n’Itegeko cyangwa uwabisabye ariko inzego zibishinzwe zigasanga nta karengane kari mu rubanza yifuza ko rusubirishwamo, cyangwa zigasanga ubusabe bwe butujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo bwakirwe busuzumwe, ntashobora kuririra ku kirego cyatanzwe n’uwasubirishijemo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane ngo nawe asabe ko rwasuzuma ibyo atishimiye muri urwo rubanza rusubirishwamo; bityo ibyo Turikumwe asaba by’uko urubanza rwasubirwamo rwose nta shingiro bifite. 2. Iyo hari abatsinzwe benshi, Urukiko nirwo, mu bushishozi bwarwo, rusuzuma niba igihembo cy’ Avoka kigomba gucibwa abatsinzwe urubanza bose cyangwa niba hari impamvu zumvikana zatuma gicibwa umwe muri bo; bityo igihembo cy’Avoka kigomba gutangwa na Kanyamagana, nawe wari umuburanyi mu rubanza, kuko ari we wabaye intandaro y’ibibazo byose byabyaye imanza. Ikirego cya Kanyamagana gisubirishamo urubanza No RCA 00363/2020/HC/KIG ku mpamvu z’akarengane nta shingiro gifite; Nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza No RCA 00363/2020/HC/KIG. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 6, 10, 111. Imanza zifashishijwe: RS/INJUST/RC 00002/2018/SC, Uwimana Marine yaburanagamo na Kagitare Dancille rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 21/02/2020; RS/INJUST/RC 00004/2018/SC, Nicyabera Espérance yaburanagamo na Mukagatare Mariane, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 21/02/2020; RS/INJUST/RSOC 00001/2018/SC, Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda yaburanagamo na Ukwibishaka rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 02/07/2021; RS/INJUST/RC 00008/2020/SC, Kamugwiza Phoebe yaburanagamo na Sakina Hashim n’abandi rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 29/10/2021.

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Inyandiko z’abahanga zifashishijwe: Serge Guinchard (eds), Droit et pratique de la procédure civile, Paris, Dalloz, 2014, p.1708; 1711; Jameson v Central Electricity Generating Board (N°.1), 1998 WL 1042325 (1998), p.7. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA. [1] Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, Turikumwe Théophile arega SANLAM AG Plc, avuga ko ubwo ku wa 08/06/2018 yitabiraga cyamunara yari yateguwe na SORAS AG Ltd (ubu yabaye SANLAM AG Plc) yahaguze moto TVS Victor Glx ifite plaque RC 779P, moteur AF4FD1064203, chassis MG625DF40DIF1401, yakozwe mu 2003. Asobanura ko mu masezerano y’ubugure yagiranye na SORAS AG Ltd bumvikanye ko igomba kumufasha gukora ihererekanyamutungo kuri iyo moto, icyakora ko ibyo itabyubahirije. Avuga ko mu bihe bitandukanye (ku wa 13/07/2018, ku wa 21/08/2018 ndetse no ku wa 16/10/2018), yandikiye SORAS AG Ltd ayisaba kumwandikishaho iyo moto ntiyabikora, bimutera igihombo kuko atashoboye kuyibyaza umusaruro, asaba indishyi mbonezamusaruro guhera ku wa 12/06/2018 ubwo iyo moto yasohokaga mu igaraji kugeza urubanza ruciwe burundu, indishyi zo gusiragira kuri SORAS AG Ltd no mu bindi bigo by’ubwishingizi ashakisha ibyemezo by’uko iyo moto idafite ubwishingizi (Attestations de non assurance), igihembo cya Avoka n’amafaranga yishyuye Umuhesha w’inkiko. [2] SANLAM AG Plc ivuga ko iyo moto yari yarafatiwe ubwishingizi mu kindi kigo, iza kugongwa n’imodoka yishingiwe na SORAS AG Ltd, bumvikana na Kanyamagana Kayobotsi Pascal ko SORAS AG Ltd iyegukana ikamuha ikiguzi cyayo. Ivuga ko Kanyamagana Kayobotsi Pascal yanze kuyikorera ihererekanyamutungo, imurega mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo mu rubanza no RC 00279/2018/TGI/GSBO, inagobokeshamo Turikumwe Théophile, isaba Urukiko kumutegeka kuyikorera ihererekanyamutungo no kuyiha indishyi zo kutubahiriza amasezerano. Urwo rubanza rwaciwe ku wa 04/04/2019, Urukiko rwanzura ko ikirego gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe, rutegeka Kanyamagana Kayobotsi Pascal gukora ihererekanyamutungo no kwishyura 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka kuri SORAS AG Ltd no kuri Turikumwe Théophile, ariko ko na nyuma y’urwo rubanza, Kanyamagana Kayobotsi yakomeje kuyinaniza, bigaragaza ko itagize uburangare cyangwa ubushake buke. [3] Kanyamagana Kayobotsi Pascal yasabye Urukiko kutakira ikirego cya Turikumwe Théophile kuko ibyo aregwa byafashweho icyemezo mu rubanza no RC 00279/2018/TGI/GSBO rwabaye ndakuka. [4] Mu rubanza No RC 00539/2019/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 29/10/2020, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwasanze: i. Inzitizi yatanzwe na Kanyamagana Kayobotsi Pascal nta shingiro ifite kuko ubu haburanwa ihererekanyamutungo n’indishyi mu gihe mu rubanza No RC 00279/2018/TGI/GSBO haburanwaga ihererekanyamutungo gusa;

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ii. hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 64y’Itegeko No 45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano by’uko amasezerano akozwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko ari itegeko ku bayagiranye, SANLAM AG Plc igomba gukorera Turikumwe Théophile ihererekanyamutungo rya Moto TVS Victor Glx ifite plaque RC 779 P cyane cyane ko nayo idahakana ubwo bugure; iii. indishyi mbonezamusaruro zingana na 4.048.000 Frw, Turikumwe Théophile asaba nta shingiro zifite kuko bigaragara ko SANLAM AG Plc nta bushake buke cyangwa uburangare yagize mu kutamukorera ihererekanyamutungo. [5] Urukiko rwanzuye ko SANLAM AG Plc igomba gukorera Turikumwe Théophile, ihererekanyamutungo, rwemeza ko ibirego biregera kwiregura bya SANLAM AG Plc na Kanyamagana Kayobotsi Pascal nta shingiro bifite, rutegeka SANLAM AG Plc guha Turikumwe Théophile 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka kandi ikanamusubiza 20.000 Frw yatanzeho ingwate y’amagarama. [6] Turikumwe Théophile yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru avuga ko atagenewe indishyi mbonezamusaruro kandi yarazisabye, asaba no guhabwa 561.010 Frw y’ibirarane by'imisoro ya moto, 200.000 Frw yo gusiragira mu Kigo cy’Imisoro n’Amahôro no mu bigo by’ubwishingizi ashaka certificats de non assurance, 500.00 Frw yo gushorwa mu manza ku maherere, 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka mu bujurire, 200.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza, 30.000 Frw yo gusinyisha inyandiko zinyuranye na 40.000 Frw y’ingwate y'igarama yatanze mu bujurire. SANLAM AG Plc na Kanyamagana Kayobotsi Pascal bavuze ko ibijyanye n’indishyi byakemukiye mu rubanza no RC 00279/2018/TGI/GSBO, basaba ko ubujurire butakirwa, batanga ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi basaba guhabwa indishyi zinyuranye. [7] Mu rubanza No RCA 00363/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 21/05/2021, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze: i. Ikiburanwa gitandukanye n’icyaburanwe mu rubanza No RC 00279/2018/TGI/GSBO, rwaciwe ku wa 04/04/2019 ndetse ntaho bigaragara ko indishyi zasabwe na Turikumwe Théophile muri urwo rubanza zaburanyweho ngo zifatweho icyemezo, kandi n’ababuranyi bataraburanye mu izina rimwe, bityo ko hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 1061 y’Itegeko ry’ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, ubujurire bwa Turikumwe Théophile bukwiye kwakirwa; ii. Ikibazo cy’ihererekanyamutungo cyagaruwe mu Rukiko kugira ngo Turikumwe Théophile acyuririreho asaba indishyi ariko ko ntaho agaragaza amakosa SANLAM AG Plc yakoze kugira ngo ridakorwa; iii. Kanyamagana Kayobotsi Pascal ari we wanditse kuri iyo moto kandi akaba yaranze kubahiriza icyemezo cy’Urukiko kimutegeka gukora ihererekanyamutungo, bityo indishyi cyangwa imisoro biyikomokaho akaba ari we ugomba kubiryozwa kuko n’ubundi ihererekanyamutungo ritari gushoboka imisoro itarishyurwa naho indishyi Kanyamagana Kayobotsi Pascal asaba zikaba nta shingiro zifite kuko ari we nyirabayazana w’imanza zose zabaye; 1 Iyo ngingo iteganya ko “ububasha bw’urubanza rwabaye indakuka bugarukira gusa ku cyaburanwe kigakiranurwa. Ikintu cyaburanywe kigomba kuba kimwe, ikirego kigomba kuba gishingiye ku mpamvu imwe, icyo kirego kigomba kuba cyerekeye ababuranyi bamwe kandi bikaburana mu izina ryabo rya mbere.”

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iv. Indishyi zo gusiragira mu nzego zitandukanye, izo gushorwa mu manza nta mpamvu, igihembo cya Avoka, amafaranga yo gusinyisha n’ingwate y’igarama mu bujurire, Turikumwe Théophile asaba nta shingiro bifite kuko ikibazo cy’ihererekanyamutungo cyakemukiye mu rubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo. [8] Urukiko rwanzuye ko ubujurire bwa Turikumwe Théophile nta shingiro bufite, naho ubwuririye ku bundi bwatanzwe na SANLAM AG Plc bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe, ko indishyi zaciwe SANLAM AG Plc ku rwego rwa mbere zivanweho, rutegeka Kanyamagana Kayobotsi Pascal guha SANLAM AG Plc 500.00 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka mu bujurire. [9] Kanyamagana Kayobotsi Pascal yandikiye Perezida w'Urukiko rw'Ubujurire asaba ko urubanza No RCA 00363/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 21/05/2021 rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z'akarengene. Perezida w'Urukiko rw'Ubujurire amaze gusuzuma ubwo busabe, yandikiye Perezida w'Urukiko rw'Ikirenga asaba ko urwo rubanza rwasubirwamo. Mu cyemezo No 132/CJ/2022 cyo ku wa 22/08/2022, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yategetse ko urubanza rwoherezwa mu Bwanditsi bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kugira ngo ruzongere ruburanishwe. [10] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 23/01/2023, Kanyamagana Kayobotsi Pascal ahagarariwe na Me Zawadi Steven, SANLAM AG Plc ihagarariwe na Me Musabyimana Aphrodis, naho Turikumwe Théophile ahagarariwe na Me Musonera Alex. [11] Iburanisha ryatangiye hasuzumwa ibyo Turikumwe Théophile avuga ko nawe yasabye gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane ariko ubusabe bwe ntibwakirwa, bityo ko hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 63 y’Itegeko no 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, asaba uru Rukiko gusuzuma urubanza rwose bundi bushya rwita ku byaburanwaga ndetse n’ibimenyetso byose biri muri dosiye. [12] Urukiko rushingiye ku mirongo rwatanze mu manza zitandukanye harimo urubanza Uwimana Marine yaburanagamo na Kagitare Dancille,2 urwo Nicyabera Espérance yaburanagamo na Mukagatare Mariane,3 urwo Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda yaburanagamo na Ukwibishaka,4 n’urwo Kamugwiza Phoebe yaburanagamo na Sakina Hashim, Famida Hashim na Mukuralinda Alain Bernard5, rwasanze ubusabe bwa Turikumwe Théophile budakwiye kwakirwa kubera ko: i. Gusuzuma urubanza mu mizi bundi bushya bitavuze kwirengagiza ingingo z’Itegeko zigaragaza uburyo umuburanyi wumva yararenganyijwe mu rubanza asaba ko rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, ibyo agomba kugaragaza mu busabe bwe, inzego zifite ububasha bwo kubusuzuma n’urwego rufite ububasha bwo kwemeza ko urubanza rusubirwamo; ii. Umuburanyi utarasabye ko urubanza rwe rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane akurikije uburyo n’inzira biteganywa n’Itegeko cyangwa uwabisabye ariko 2Reba urubanza N° RS/INJUST/RC 00002/2018/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 21/02/2020. 3Reba urubanza N°RS/INJUST/RC 00004/2018/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 21/02/2020. 4Reba urubanza N° RS/INJUST/RSOC 00001/2018/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 02/07/2021. 5Reba urubanza N° RS/INJUST/RC 00008/2020/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 29/10/2021.

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inzego zibishinzwe zigasanga nta karengane kari mu rubanza yifuza ko rusubirishwamo, cyangwa zigasanga ubusabe bwe butujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo bwakirwe busuzumwe, ntashobora kuririra ku kirego cyatanzwe n’uwasubirishijemo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane ngo nawe asabe ko rwasuzuma ibyo atishimiye muri urwo rubanza rusubirishwamo. [13] Iburanisha ryakomereje ku kibazo cyo kumenya niba mu kugenera SANLAM AG Plc igihembo cya Avoka, Urukiko Rukuru rwarafashe icyemezo ku kitararegewe n’icyo kumenya niba ibyo byaratumye Kanyamagana Kayobotsi Pascal ahanirwa ikosa rimwe inshuro ebyiri. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYABYO. II. 1. Kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rwaraciye urubanza ku kitararegewe. [14] Me Zawadi Steven, uhagarariye Kanyamagana Kayobotsi Pascal, avuga ko mu rubanza no RC 00279/2018/TGI/GSBO rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo ku wa 04/04/2019, uwo aburanira yari yategetswe guha SANLAM AG Plc 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka, bageze mu bujurire bw’uru rubanza (rukomoka ku rubanza no RC 00539/2019/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 29/10/2020), SANLAM AG Plc ntiyasaba igihembo cya Avoka, ariko Urukiko Rukuru rwitwaje ko Kanyamagana Kayobotsi Pascal ari we nyirabayazana w’imanza, rumutegeka na none kuyiha 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka. Avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagije ko Turikumwe Théophile ari we wananiwe kuzana moto ngo bakore ihererekanyamutungo, bituma Urukiko Rukuru rwitirira Kanyamagana Kayobotsi Pascal ikosa atakoze, rumuca igihembo cya Avoka kitasabwe na SANLAM AG Plc ndetse rumuhanira ikosa rimwe inshuro ebyiri. [15] Me Musabyimana Aphrodis, uburanira SANLAM AG Plc, avuga ko nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 20 cy’urubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, igihembo cya Avoka bakiregeye, gisabwa Turikumwe Théophile, ariko mu guca urubanza, Urukiko rusanga Kanyamagana Kayobotsi Pascal ari we nyirabayazana w’imanza, rutegeka ko ari we ugomba kugitanga. Avuga ko asanga nta karengane kabaye mu rubanza ndetse ko n’ibyo Me Zawadi Steven avuga ko Kanyamagana Kayobotsi Pascal yahaniwe ikosa rimwe inshuro ebyiri ataribyo kuko imanza avuga zitandukanye bitewe n’uko urubanza No RC 00279/2018/TGI/GSBO rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo ku wa 04/04/2019 atari rwo rukomokaho uru rubanza. [16] Me Musonera Alex, uburanira Turikumwe Théophile, avuga ko Kanyamagana Kayobotsi Pascal atahaniwe ikosa rimwe inshuro ebyiri kuko urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rukomokaho urwasubirishijwemo ku mpamvu z’akarengane rutandukanye n’urubanza No RC 00279/2018/TGI/GSBO rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo ku wa 04/04/2019. Asobanura ko ibyo SANLAM AG Plc ivuga ko ari Turikumwe Théophile wari wasabwe indishyi nta shingiro bifite, kuko iyo sosiyete yagobokesheje Kanyamagana Kayobotsi Pascal igamije kumucisha indishyi yasabwaga. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA:

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[17] Ingingo ya 6, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko “ikiburanwa kigenwa n’ibisabwa na buri muburanyi. Ibisabwa bigaragarira mu myanzuro iregera urukiko n’imyanzuro yo kwiregura, bigashimangirwa burundu mu nama ntegurarubanza ku manza iteganyijwemo.” Naho ingingo ya 10 y’iryo Tegeko iteganya ko “Umucamanza aca urubanza ku cyasabwe cyose kandi kuri icyo cyonyine.” [18] Izi ngingo zumvikanisha ko Urukiko rufata icyemezo ku ngingo rwaregewe n’ababuranyi kandi bumvikanyeho mu nama ntegurarubanza ko arizo zizasuzumwa. [19] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko mu bujurire bwuririye ku bundi, SANLAM AG Plc yavuze ko Turikumwe Théophile yayishyizeho amananiza yanga kuzana moto kugira ngo ihererekanyamutungo rikorwe, isaba ko indishyi yaciwe ku rwego rwa mbere zivanwaho, Turikumwe Théophile agategekwa kwishyura 500.000 Frw SANLAM AG Plc yaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge no kuyiha 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka mu Rukiko Rukuru. Ibi kandi byongera kugaragara ku rupapuro rwa 9, igika cya kabiri cy’Inama Ntegurarubanza yabaye ku wa 07/01/2021, ndetse no ku rupapuro rwa kane rw’Inyandiko- mvugo y’iburanisha ryabaye ku wa 23/04/2021. [20] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza na none ko mu bika bya 31 na 32 by’urubanza rusabirwa gusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, Urukiko Rukuru rwasobanuye impamvu indishyi Kanyamagana Kayobotsi Pascal asaba atazikwiye n’impamvu ari we ahubwo ukwiye kuryozwa indishyi muri urwo rubanza aho rwagize ruti: “32. Ku bijyanye n’indishyi zaciwe SANLAM mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge nta mpamvu yari gucibwa indishyi kubera ko nta kosa yakoze ryari gutuma icibwa indishyi, ahubwo izo ndishyi zagombaga gusabwa Kanyamagana Kayobotsi Pascal wateje ikibazo cy’ihererekanya mutungo bikagera n’aho aregwa mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo. Kanyamagana Kayobotsi Pascal akaba agomba no guha SANLAM igihembo cy’avoka mu bujurire kingana n’ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw) cyane cyane ko SANLAM yashowe mu manza bitari ngombwa biturutse kuri Kanyamagana Kayobotsi Pascal utarakoze ihererekanyamutungo.” [21] Urukiko rurasanga nk’uko byibukijwe haruguru, dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko igihembo cya Avoka cyaregewe mu bujurire bwuririye ku bundi, kigibwaho impaka mu nama ntegurarubanza yabaye ku wa 07/01/2021 ndetse no mu iburanisha ryabaye ku wa 23/04/2021. Mu gihe rero Me Zawadi Steven atagaragaza aho ashingira ibyo avuga ko Kanyamagana Kayobotsi Pascal yaciwe igihembo cya Avoka kitaregewe mu Rukiko Rukuru, iyi ngingo ikaba nta shingiro ifite kuko Urukiko Rukuru mu gufata icyemezo kuri icyo gihembo cya Avoka rutabyibwirije, ahubwo rwahereye ku bujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwa SANLAM AG Plc. [22] Urukiko rurasanga kandi ibyo Me Zawadi Steven avuga ko ikindi kigaragaza ko igihembo cya Avoka kitaregewe ari uko cyari cyasabwe Turikumwe Théophile ariko kigacibwa Kanyamagana Kayobotsi Pascal, nabyo nta shingiro bifite. Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko no 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi ivuga ko mu mafaranga y’ibyagiye ku rubanza harimo n’ay’igihembo cya Avoka agamije kwishyuza uwatsinzwe urubanza ibyarugiyeho.6 Nk’uko 6 “Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego

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n’abahanga mu mategeko babigarukaho,7 iyo hari abatsinzwe benshi, Urukiko nirwo, mu bushishozi bwarwo, rusuzuma niba igihembo cya Avoka kigomba gucibwa abatsinzwe urubanza bose cyangwa niba hari impamvu zumvikana zatuma gicibwa umwe muri bo. [23] Nk’uko byagarutsweho haruguru, Urukiko Rukuru rwagaragaje ko nubwo hari hajuriye Turikumwe Théophile kandi ubujurire bwe rugasanga nta shingiro bufite, igihembo cya Avoka kigomba gutangwa na Kanyamagana Kayobotsi Pascal, nawe wari umuburanyi mu rubanza, kuko ari we wabaye intandaro y’ibibazo byose byabyaye imanza. Ibi byumvikanisha ko, Urukiko Rukuru, mu bushishozi bwarwo, rwasanze ku bw’impamvu rwagaragaje kandi uru Rukiko narwo rusanga zumvikana ari Kanyamagana Kayobotsi Pascal ugomba gutanga igihembo cya Avoka. Urukiko Rukuru rwari rufite rero ububasha bwo kugena igihembo cya Avoka no kwemeza ugomba kugitaganga rushingiye gusa ku gushyira mu gaciro, ntibyasabaga ko rubitangira ibisobanuro bidasanzwe.8 [24] Urukiko rurasanga ihame ribuza kwishyuzwa ikintu kimwe inshuro ebyiri cyangwa gukurikiranwa ku ikosa rimwe cyangwa kurihanirwa inshuro ebyiri risanzwe ryitwararikwa n’inkiko. Mu rubanza Jameson yaburanaga na Central Electricity Generating Board,9 Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rw’Ubwongereza rwibukije umurongo w’uko nta muntu ukwiye kwishyuzwa ikintu kimwe inshuro ebyiri (The principle of full satisfaction prevents double recovery).10 Ku bijyanye n’uru rubanza, bigaragarira Urukiko ko rudakomoka ku rubanza No RC 00279/2018/TGI/GSBO rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo ku wa 04/04/2019 kuko ubwo ababuranyi baburanaga mu Rukiko Rukuru, urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwari rwarabaye ndakuka. Kanyamagana Kayobotsi Pascal ntiyavuga rero ko igihembo cya Avoka yaciwe muri urwo rubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo hari isano gifitanye n’igihembo cya Avoka yaciwe mu Rukiko Rukuru ku buryo byafatwa ko ku gikorwa kimwe yaciwe icyo gihembo inshuro ebyiri (double recovery), bityo iyi mpamvu nayo ikaba nta shingiro ifite. [25] Urukiko rurasanga kandi nubwo izo manza zari kuba zifitanye isano, rumwe rukomoka ku rundi, nta cyazitiraga Urukiko Rukuru guca Kanyamagana Kayobotsi Pascal igihembo cya Avoka mu bujurire nyuma yo kubona ko ari we wabaye nyirabayazana w’imanza SANLAM AG Plc yashowemo. Ibyo kandi sibyo byakwitiranywa no guhanirwa ikosa rimwe inshuro ebyiri cyangwa gukurikiranwa kabiri ku ikosa rimwe (double jeopardy/non bis in idem) kuko igihembo cya Avoka kiba kigamije kwishyura ikiguzi cyagiye ku rubanza ku rwego rwaburanweho. cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe.” 7 “… si plusieurs parties succombent dans un procès le juge (dispose) d’un pouvoir d’appréciation discrétionnaire pour laisser les dépens à la charge d’une seule des parties ou pour les répartir entre les perdants.” Reba Serge Guinchard (eds), Droit et pratique de la procédure civile, Paris, Dalloz, 2014, p.1708. 8 “…les juges sont investis d’un pouvoir discrétionnaire pour mettre les dépens à la charge de l’une (des parties) seulement, sans avoir à justifier de l’exercice de ce pouvoir par des motifs spéciaux. L’équité peut commander la décision du juge.” Reba Serge Guinchard (eds), Droit et pratique de la procédure civile, Paris, Dalloz, 2014, p.1711. 9(N°.1), 1998 WL 1042325 (1998). 10 “plaintiff cannot recover in the aggregate from one or more defendants an amount in excess of his loss. Part satisfaction of a judgment against one person does not operate as a bar to the plaintiff thereafter bringing an action against another who is also liable, but it does operate to reduce the amount recoverable in the second action. However, once a plaintiff has fully recouped his loss, of necessity he cannot thereafter pursue any other remedy he might have and which he might have pursued earlier. Having recouped the whole of his loss, any further proceedings would lack a subject matter. The principle of full satisfaction prevents double recovery." Reba Jameson v Central Electricity Generating Board (N°.1), 1998 WL 1042325 (1998), p.7.

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Ntabwo ari indishyi zishingiye ku makosa cyangwa ku burangare, ahubwo ni uko uwatsinze urubanza aba yagize ibyo ashora mu rubanza, harimo n’igihembo cya Avoka, uwabaye nyirabayazana w’urubanza akaba agomba kucyishyura kugira ngo bidatera uwatsinze urubanza igihombo nta mpamvu. [26] Hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa haruguru, Urukiko rurasanga ibyo Kanyamagana Kayobotsi Pascal avuga ko yaciwe igihembo cya Avoka kitaregewe mu Rukiko Rukuru, nta shingiro bifite. II. 2. Kumenya niba igihembo cya Avoka n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza asabwa kuri uru rwego afite ishingiro. [27] Me Zawadi Steven, uburanira Kanyamagana Kayobotsi Pascal, asaba Urukiko ko rwategeka SANLAM AG Plc kumuha 1.500.000 Frw akubiyemo indishyi atahawe mu Rukiko Rukuru n’igihembo cya Avoka kuri uru rwego. [28] Me Musabyimana Aphrodis, uburanira SANLAM AG Plc avuga ko Kanyamagana Kayobotsi Pascal ari we wakoze amakosa aranayahanirwa mu rubanza No 00279/2018/TGI/GSBO rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, bityo ko kuba urwo rubanza atari rwo ruri gusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, ahubwo hari kuburanwa imanza zatangijwe na Turikumwe Théophile; SANLAM AG Plc ntacyo ikwiye kuryozwa. [29] Me Musonera Alex, uburanira Turikumwe Théophile avuga ko Kanyamagana Kayobotsi Pascal yahamagajwe muri uru rubanza na SANLAM AG Plc igamije kumucisha indishyi, bityo SANLAM AG Plc ikaba itakwikuraho inshingano zayo ngo izimugerekeho kandi we nta makosa yakoze yatuma aryozwa indishyi. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA: [30] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi ivuga ko ikirego cy’ibyagiye ku rubanza gishamikiye ku kirego cy’iremezo kandi kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. [31] Ku bijyanye n’igihembo cya Avoka gisabwa na Kanyamagana Kayobotsi Pascal kuri uru rwego, Urukiko rurasanga ntayo akwiriye kuko ntacyo atsindiye muri uru rubanza. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO. [32] Rwemeje ko ikirego cya Kanyamagana Kayobotsi Pascal gisubirishamo urubanza No RCA 00363/2020/HC/KIG ku mpamvu z’akarengane nta shingiro gifite; [33] Rwemeje ko nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza No RCA 00363/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, ku wa 21/05/2021.