UBUSHINJACYAHA v. KANYEMERA NIYITEGEKA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. KANYEMERA NIYITEGEKA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-07-18 - Case/document no.: RPAA01162/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. KANYEMERA NIYITEGEKA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA01162/2024/CA (Kaliwabo, P.J.) 18 Nyakanga 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Igabanyagihano – Kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano – Ntawasaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano mu gihe mu rukiko rubanza yagabanyirijwe bihagije ndetse agahabwa igihano gikwiranye n’icyaha yakoze. Incamake y’ikibazo: Kanyemera Niyitegeka yafashwe agiye kugurisha udupfunyika 301 tw’urumogi avuga ko yaruhawe n’uwitwa Mbonyamahoro, bombi barezwe mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi Ubushinjacyaha bubasabiraa guhamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, bagahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 30.000.000Frw. Kanyemera yaburanye yemera icyaha, ariko ashinja Mbonyamahoro waburanye ahakana icyaha ashinjwa. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko Mbonyamahoro ari umwere kuko nta bimenyetso bidashidikanywaho byatanzwe, ariko ko Kanyemera ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000Frw. Kanyemera yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha kuva agifatwa, ndetse n’Ubushinjacyaha nabwo buvuga ko ntacyabuza ko yagabanyirizwa kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw. Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze Uregwa ataragabanyirijwe ku buryo buhagije nyamara yaraburanye yemera icyaha kandi ari n’ubwa mbere aguye mu cyaha ku buryo buzwi, rwemeza ko yongera kugabanyirizwa kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15ans) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga 2.000.000. Uregwa yongeye kujuririra uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko agamije gutakambira Urukiko kugira ngo rwongere rumugabanyirize kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 5, kuko yemera icyaha ashinjwa kandi ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe n’inkiko no kuba asanzwe yitwara neza. Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije ubujurire bwe buvuga ko nta shingiro bufite kuko yahanishijwe igihano gito gishoboka giteganyirizwa icyaha yakoze. Incamake y’icyemezo: Ntawasaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano mu gihe mu rukiko rubanza yagabanyirijwe bihagije ndetse agahabwa igihano gikwiranye n’icyaha yakoze. Bityo, Kanyemera Niyitegeka Egide ntiyakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko yahawe ibihano ku buryo buhagije ku rwego rw’Urukiko Rukuru, aho yahanishijwe igihano gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge yahamijwe kandi yemera, ndetse ihazabu ijya munsi y’iteganywa n’itegeko. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2. Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo kuwa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 11. Itegeko N° 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, ingingo ya 183.

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Imanza zifashishijwe: RPA0129/10/CS, Ubushinjacyaha na Mpitabakana, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 7/03/2014, Icyegeranyo cy’ibyemezo by’Inkiko, V.2 [2014] RLR. RPAA00194/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayishimiye Emmanuel rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuwa 22/07/2022. ICTR-9604, Ubushinjacyaha na Akayesu Jean Paul, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Mpanabyabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (ICTR), Urugereko rw’Ubujurire, ku wa 1 Kamena 2001. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Niyitegeka Egide yafashwe agiye kugurisha urumogi rungana n’udupfunyika 301, avuga ko yaruguze n’uwitwa Mbonyamahoro Silas w’i Tumba, uyu nawe aza gufatwa ariko ntibamusangana urumogi. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza Ubushinjacyaha bwabaregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi bubakurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba ko bahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 30.000.000Frw. [3] Kanyemera Niyitegeka Egide yaburanye yemera icyaha kandi ashinja Mbonyamahoro Silas ko ari we warumugurishije ku mafaranga 35.000, naho Mbonyamahoro Silas aburana ahakana icyaha, asaba kurenganurwa. [4] Mu rubanza RP00506/2020/TGI/GIC rwaciwe kuwa 30/09/2021, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi, rushingiye ku mvugo yemera icyaha ya Kanyemera Niyitegeka Egide, rushingiye ku mvugo z’umutangabuhamya umushinja no ku nyandikomvugo yifatira yashyizeho umukono yemeza ko urumogi rufatiriwe ari urwe, rwemeje ko Kanyemera Niyitegeka Egide ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000Frw. Urukiko rwasanze ibimenyetso byatanzwe n’ubushinjacyaha bidahagije mu gushinja Mbonyamahoro Silas icyaha, rumugira umwere. [5] Kanyemera Niyitegeka Egide yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko yahanishijwe ibihano bihanitse kandi yaremeye icyaha kuva yafatwa. Ubushinjacyaha nabwo bwashyigikiye ubusabe bw’ushinjwa, buvuga ko nta cyabuza ko agabanyirizwa ibihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw. [6] Mu Rubanza RPA01549/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe kuwa 11/10/2024, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze Kanyemera Niyitegeka Egide ataragabanyirijwe ibihano ku buryo buhagije nyamara yaraburanye yemera icyaha kandi ari ubwa mbere aguye mu cyaha ku buryo buzwi, rwemeza ko yongera kugabanyirizwa kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15ans) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga 2.000.000. [7] Kanyemera Niyitegeka Egide yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuri RPAA01162/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 10/7/2025, yunganiwe na Me Uwuhoraho Prudence naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Butera Oscar, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [8] Niyitegeka Egide yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko agamije gutakambira Urukiko kugira ngo rwongere rumugabanyirize kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 5 kuko yemera icyaha ashinjwa kandi ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe n’inkiko no kuba asanzwe yitwara neza. Me Uwuhoraho Prudence

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avuga ko uwo yunganira yagabanyirijwe ibihano uko amategeko abiteganya, ko ku bindi abihariye ubushishozi bw’urukiko. [9] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko ubujurire bwa Kanyemera Niyitegeka Egide nta shingiro bufite kuko yahanishijwe igihano gito gishoboka giteganyirizwa icyaha yakoze. [10] Urukiko ruhereye kuri izo mpaka, rurasuzuma ubusabe bwa Kanyemera Niyitegeka Egide bwo kwongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba Niyitegeka Egide yarahanishijwe ibihano bihanitse ku buryo yakwongera kugabanyirizwa [11] Kanyemera Niyitegeka Egide yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko agamije gutakambira Urukiko kugira ngo rwongere rumugabanyirize kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 5 kuko yemera icyaha ashinjwa ku buryo budashidikanywaho, kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe n’inkiko no kuba asanzwe yitwara neza. Abajijwe itegeko ashingiraho ubusabe bwe, asubiza ko nta mategeko asobanukiwe, ko icyo yakoze ari ugutakambira Urukiko. [12] Me Uwuhoraho Prudence umwunganira avuga ko uyu yagabanyirijwe bihagije ndetse ahabwa igihano gito giteganyirizwa icyaha yakoze hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 agaka ka (a) y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ko ubusabe bw’ushinjwa bwo kwongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano abihariye ubushishozi bw’urukiko. [13] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko ubujurire bwa Kanyemera Niyitegeka Egide nta shingiro bufite kuko yahanishijwe igihano gito gishoboka giteganyirizwa icyaha yakoze kikaba kitakwongera kugabanywa ngo kijye munsi y’igiteganywa n’amategeko, ko kandi ihazabu yaciwe iri munsi y’iteganywa n’itegeko, busaba Urukiko guhamishaho imikirize y’urubanza ajuririra mu ngingo zarwo zose. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [14] Icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, Kanyemera Niyitegeka Egide yahamijwe kandi yemera, gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu, hashingiwe ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 11 y’Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo kuwa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko umuntu uhamwe n’icyaha cyo gutunda cyangwa gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye, ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu itari munsi y’amafaranga 20.000.000 ariko itarenze amafaranga 30.000.000. [15] Ingingo ya 2 (a) y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: …(a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15; naho mu gace ka (d) ikavuga ko ihazabu ishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri ¼ cy’igihano cy’ihazabu ntoya yateganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe. [16] Mu rubanza RPA01549/2021/HC/KIG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru kuwa 11/10/2024, Urukiko rwasanze kuba Kanyemera Niyitegeka Egide ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha, kuba asanzwe yitwara neza no kuba ari umusore ukiri kubyiruka kandi ibyo biyobyabwenge bikaba byarafatiriwe

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bigatwika ntawe byagizeho ingaruka byamubera impamvu yo kugabanyirizwa ibihano bihagije, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15ans) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga 2.000.000Frw. [17] Mu mwanzuro we no mu miburanire ye, uretse gusaba Urukiko kumugabanyiriza igihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 5, Kanyemera Niyitegeka Egide ntavuga Itegeko ryashingirwaho mu gusuzuma icyifuzo cye habe no kugaragaza inenge iboneka mu rubanza ajuririra, kutagaragaza aho ashingira ubujurire bwe bikaba binyuranyije n’ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 183 y’Itegeko N° 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, mu gace kayo ka 6° iteganya ko ujurira agomba kugaragaza amakosa yakozwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa hashingiwe ku bimenyetso n’amategeko, n’uburyo agomba gukosorwa. [18] Ibirebana n’ingingo ivuzwe haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwabigarutseho umurongo mu rubanza RPAA00194/2021/CA rwaciye kuwa 22/07/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayishimiye Emmanuel aho rwemeje ko ujurira agomba kugaragaza inenge zakozwe mu rubanza ajuririra n’uburyo zigomba gukosorwa. Ibi ninako inkiko Mpuzamahanga zibibona nko mu rubanza ICTR-9604 rwaciwe n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho uRwanda, rwemeje ko ujurira ari we ugomba kugaragaza ko Urugereko rubanza rwakoze ikosa ryo mu rwego rw’ibyabaye kandi ko iryo kosa ryatumye urubanza rucibwa nabi1. [19] Urukiko rurasanga nk’uko ingingo ya 11 y’Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo kuwa 08/11/2019 rihindura itegeko N° 68/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ibiteganya, icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye by’urumogi Kanyemera Niyitegeka Egide yahamijwe kandi yemera, gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu itari munsi y’amafaranga 20.000.000 ariko itarengeje amafaranga 30.000.000; naho ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryavuzwe, mu gace kayo ka ( a) n’aka (d), ikavuga ko mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha ku muntu wagombaga guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu, umucamanza ashobora kumugabanyiriza ariko igihano ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, mu gihe ihazabu yo ishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri ¼ cy’ihazabu ntoya iteganyirizwa icyaha ashinjwa. [20] Kuba Urukiko Rukuru rwaragabanyirije igihano Kanyemera Niyitegeka Egide kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu y’amafranga miliyoni ebyiri (2.000.000Frw), Urukiko rurasanga nta kosa rwakoze ndetse iki gihano kikaba kidashobora kugabanywa biruseho kuko aricyo gihano gito gishoboka kuri iki cyaha ushinjwa yahamijwe ndetse ihazabu yaciwe ikaba yaragiye munsi y’iteganywa n’itegeko. [21] Urukiko rurasanga, nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RPA0129/10/CS rwaciwe ku wa 7/03/2014, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mpitabakana, uregwa atakwongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yarabigabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo, kandi ntacyo runenga urubanza rwajuririwe2; ibivuzwe muri iki gika bikaba bireba na Kanyemera Niyitegeka Egide wagabanyirijwe ibihano ku buryo buhagije ku rwego rw’Urukiko Rukuru , ahabwa igihano gito giteganyirijwe icyaha yahamijwe kandi yemera ndetse ihazabu ijya munsi y’iteganywa n’itegeko. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [22] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Kanyemera Niyitegeka Egide nta shingiro bufite.

1Urubanza ICTR-9604 rwaciwe ku wa 1 Kamena 2001 n’Urukiko Mpanabyabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashiriweho u Rwanda (ICTR), Urugereko rw’Ubujurire, haburana Akayesu Jean Paul n’Ubushinjacyaha (Igika cya 178). 2Icyegeranyo cy’ibyemezo by’Inkiko, V.2 [2014] RLR.

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[23] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA01549/2021/HC/KIG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru kuwa 11/10/2024 igumyeho mu ngingo zarwo zose. [24] Rwemeje ko Kanyemera Niyitegeka Egide ahamishwa ku gihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15ans) no gutanga ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni ebyiri (2.000.000Frw) kubw’icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi yahamijwe. [25] Rutegetse ko Kanyemera Niyitegeka Egide asonerwa amagarama y'urubanza kuko yaburanye afunzwe.