UBUSHINJACYAHA v. KARAMBIZI

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. KARAMBIZI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2015-01-16 - Case/document no.: RP 0205/14/TGI/GIC - Collection: High Court

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v.

KARAMBIZI [Rwanda URUKIKO RWISUMBUYE RWA GICUMBI – RP 0205/14/TGI/GIC (Mbarushimana, P.J.) 16 Mutarama 2015] Amategeko mpanabyaha – Umuvuduko ukabije w’ikinyabiziga – Uregwa yari ku muvuduko ukabije kuko bigaragazwa n’imbaraga zanaze uwagonzwe munsi y’umuhanda akavunika igifa ry’akaguru –Itegeko nº15/2004 ryo kuwa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, Ingingo ya 104,108, 119 na 120 Amategko mpanabyaha – Uregwa yagize ubuteshuke n’ubuteganye buke kuko impanuka itaturutse ku wagonzwe cyangwa icyagonzwe ikaba kandi itaraturutse ku mpamvu itandukanye n’imodoka ku myitwarire y’umuyobozi w’ikinyabiziga. Amategko y’ibimenyetso – Raporo y’umugenzacyaha arimo kwibeshaya – Nubwo irimo kwibeshya kubyerekeranye n’ibyerekezo by’umuhanda, imvugo z’abakoze impanuka zerekana ko babisikanaga kandi nibo bazi ukuri – Itegeko nº15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, ingingo ya 104 na 108. Amategeko mpanabyaha – Kugena ibihano – Impamvu nyoroshya na nkomezacyaha – Rubisabwe cyangwa rubyibwirije, Urukiko ruzisuzuma rushingiye ku mategeko cyangwa ibindi rubona bigomba kwitabwaho –

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Itegekongenga nº01/2012 ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’Amategeko ahana, ingingo ya 82 Amateko mpanabyaha – Impamvu nkomezacyaha – Impurirane y’ibyaha ni impamvu nkomezacyaha kuko harebwa igihano kirushije ibindi kuremera ugereranyije n’ibyaha byakozwe buri cyose ukwacyo kandi kuba uregwa ari ubwa mbere akora icyaha ni impamvu nyoroshyacyaha imuha amahirwe yo kugabanyirizwa igihano – Itegeko ngenga nº01/2012 ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’Amategeko ahana, Ingingo ya 84. Amategeko yerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Amagarama y’urubanza – Ibyakozwe n’urukiko byose bigomba kwishyurwa bikuwe mu ngwate y’uwatanze ikirego cyangwa n’uwarezwe iyo atsinzwe. Ni nako bikwiye kugenda ku wahamijwe icyaha urekuwe Incamake y’ikibazo: Karambizi Deny yarezwe n’Ubushinjacyaha mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi ashinjwa kugonga Kabarebe Felicien akamukomeretsa. Ubushinjacyaha bushingira ku kuba Kabarebe yaragongewe mu mukono we, inyandiko mvugo ya Muganga igaragaza ko Kabarebe Felicien yavunitse igufa ry’ukuguru, ubuhamya buvuga ko Karambizi yagize uburangare byemejwe kandi n’Ubugenzacyaha. Karambizi mu mvugo ye yemeye ko yagonze uriya munyegare nubwo yemera ko ari we wikubise mu modoka akagwa munsi y’umuhanda. Avuga kandi ko hari ukuvuguruzanya muri raporo y’umugenzacyaha n’imvugo y’uwagonzwe. Ushinjwa kandi asaba ko yahanwa hakurikijwe ingingo ya 592 CP.

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Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Kuba uwagonzwe yaranazwe mu munsi y’umuhanda bigaragaza ko uwagonze yari afite umuvuduko mwinshi kuko iyo bitaba ibyo, ntihari kubaho imbaraga nyinshi zanaga umuntu munsi y’umuhanda bikamuviramo kuvunika igufa ry’ukuguru.

2. Uregwa yagize ubuteshuke n’ubuteganye buke, ntabwo ari uburangare, kuko impanuka itaturutse ku wagonzwe cyangwa icyagonzwe ikaba kandi itaraturutse ku mpamvu itandukanye n’imodoka ku myitwarire y’umuyobozi w’ikinyabiziga.

3. Raporo y’Umugenzacyaha irimo kwibeshya ku byerekezo by’uwagonze n’uwagonzwe kuko imvugo z’uwagonze n’uwagonzwe zerekana ko babisikanaga kandi abo bombi akaba ari bo bazi aby’urugendo rwabo kurusha Umugenzacyaha wari uje aho gusa ku bw’akazi nta kindi kintu yari azi kuri izo ngendo z’abakoze impanuka. Bityo rero, ahamwa nibyaha byo kutaringaniza umuvuduko no gukomeretsa ku bw’ubuteshuke n’ubuteganye buke kandi bigize impurirane y’ibyaha.

4. Urukiko rusuzuma rubyibwirije cyangwa rubisabwe niba nta mpamvu ziri mu rubanza zatuma igihano gikomezwa cyangwa cyoroshywa hashingiwe ku mategeko cyangwa ibindi rubona bikwiye kwitabwaho.

5. Kuba ibyaha byakozwe n’ushinjwa bigize impurirane mbonezamugambi ni impamvu nkomezacyaha kuko igihano gitangwa aba ari ikirusha ibindi kuremera ugereranyije n’ibyaha byakozwe buri cyaha ukwacyo.

6. Kuba uregwa ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe n’amategeko ni impamvu nyoroshyacyaha imuha

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amahirwe yo kugabanyirizwa igihano kugirango yiyumvishe ububi bw’icyaha ntibizongere. Bityo rero agomba guhanishwa igihano cy’ihazabu gusa kuko ibyaha yakoze bitari mu byaha bikoranwa ubugome cyangwa gushaka kugira nabi.

7. Ingigo ya 592 y’itegeko ngenga Itegekongenga nº01/2012 ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’Amategeko ahana ntiyakurikizwa muri uru rubanza kuko ibyabaye ari ibivugwa mu ngingo ya 156 na 158. Ikaba ikurikizwa igihe ibyo bidahari cyangwa bituzuye. Igihe hari uwakomeretse hakurikizwa kuva kuri 156- kugeza kuri 158.

8. Ibyakozwe n’urukiko birishyurwa bikuwe mu ngwate y’uwatanze ikirego iyo atsinzwe cyangwa n’uregwa iyo atsinzwe. Ingwate itangwa mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye ni 50 000 Frw adasubizwa cyeretse uwayatanze arega ayasubujwe n’uwatsinzwe. Aya ni nayo utsinzwe mu rubanza nshinjabyaha urekuwe akwiye kwishyura. Ikirego cy’Ubushinjacyaha kiruzuye kandi gifite ishingiro. Ibyaha byaregewe bihama Karambizi kandi agomba kubihanirwa Agomba kubihanirwa hitawe ku mpamvu nkomezacyaha n’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha Ahanishijwe ihazabu y’amafaranga 500 000 Agomba kwishyura amagarama y’urubanza angana na 50 000. Amategeko yashingiweho:

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Itegekongenga nº01/2012 ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’Amategeko ahana, ingingo ya71, 76, 82, 83, 84, 156, 158 na 592. Itegeko nº30/2013 ryo ku wa 24/05/2013 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, ingingo ya 268 Itegeko nº15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, 104, 108,119 na 120 Iteka rya Ministiri nº001/08.11 ryo ku wa 11/02/2014, Ingingo ya 2 na 4 Iteka rya Perezida nº85/01 ryo ku wa 02/09/2002, Ingingo ya 26 Imanza zifashishijwe: Ubushinjacyaha v Musengimamana, RPA 0171/14/TGI/GIC, Rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi ku wa 27/12/2014. Ubushinjacyaha v Ngiruwonsanga, RP 0177/14/TGI/GIC, Rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi ku wa 15/12/2014 Ubushinjacyaha v Uwizeyimana, RP 0115/14/TGI/GIC, Rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi ku wa 26/11/2014. Ubushinjacyaha v Ndereyimana, RP 0180/14/TGI/GIC, Rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi ku wa 19/12/2014

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Urubanza [1] Muri uru rubanza, harabanza kugaragazwa imiterere yarwo ikubiyemo inkomoko y’urubanza, n’ingingo z’ababuranyi ku mpande zombi (I), hanyuma, hitawe ku nzitizi zigaragara muri uru rubanza hamwe n’ingingo z’ababuranyi ku mpande zombi; ni byo biherwaho hasesengurwa ibibazo by’amategeko biri mu rubanza kugira ngo rucibwe nk’uko urukiko rubona bikwiye (II) nyuma bikaza gusozwa n’icyemezo cy‘urukiko (III) I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [2] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko bukurikiranye Karambizi ku byaha byavuzwe. Bugasobanura ko ku wa 27/01/2014 mu ma saa yine z’amanywa, ubwo yari atwaye imodoka camionnette DAIHATSU RAB 719 S ava Rubaya yerekeza i Gatuna, yageze ahitwa Nyakesha/Gishari/Rubaya mu Karere ka Gicumbi akagonga umunyegare witwa Kabarebe Felicien maze arakomereka. [3] Ubushinjacyaha butanga ibimenyetso by’ikirego cyabwo buvuga ko igishushanyo cy’aho impanuka yabereye kigaragaza ko Kabarebe yagongewe mu mukono we; hari imvugo y‘umutangabuhamya wemeje ko Karambizi yagize uburangare nubwo n’umuhanda wari muto bigatera impanuka, na ho umugenzacyaha yemeje ko impanuka yatewe n’uburangare bw’umushoferi, uregwa yemera ko yagonze uriya munyegare nubwo avuga ko umunyegare ari we

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wikubise ku modoka hanyuma ngo akarenga umuhanda, hakaba na Raporo ya Muganga igaragaza ko Kabarebe yavunitse igufa ry‘ukuguru. Bugasaba ko ahanishwa igifungo cy’amezi 02. [4] Uregwa yunganiwe na Me Rutaganira Alexandre yireguye avuga ko yemera ko impanuka yabaye koko, ariko ikaba yaratewe n’uko uwo munyegare yikubise ku modoka uregwa yari atwaye nyuma uwo munyegare akikubita mu nsi y’umuhanda. Ikindi akaba ari uko raporo

y’umugenzacyaha

idahuza

n’imvugo y’uwagonzwe kuko umwe avuga ko yavaga Rubaya ajya Gatuna undi akavuga ko yavaga Gatuna yerekeza Rubaya hakaba hatarimo guhuza na byo urukiko rukaba rwabisuzuma rukabona ko ibivugwa bidahuje n’ukuri. Ikindi akaba ari uko uregwa yahanwa hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 592 CP. [5] Akaba rero ari ngombwa gusuzuma ibibazo by’amategeko biri mu rubanza, ari ibyabyukijwe n’ababuranyi, cyangwa se ibibazo urukiko ruteganyirizwa n’amategeko ko rubisubiza rubyibwirije. Ibyo bibazo bigasuzumwa haherewe ku ngingo z’ababuranyi ku mpande zombi. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BY'AMATEGEKO BIRI MU

RUBANZA [6] Ibibazo by’amategeko biri mu rubanza ni ibi bikurikira : 1) kumenya impamvu yateye impanuka no kureba niba ikomoka ku ikosa ry’uregwa ku buryo

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bihagije kumuhamya icyaha; 2) kumenya niba kuba hari imvugo zivuguruzanya bibuza icyaha kuba gihama uregwa; 3) ibyerekeye impurirane y’ibyaha byakozwe; 4) kureba ibyerekeye kugena ibihano 5) Ibyerekeye impamvu nkomezacyaha; 6) kureba niba hari impamvu nyoroshyagihano; 7) Kumenya niba uregwa yahanwa hakurikijwe ingingo ya 592 y’Itegekongenga nº01/2012 ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’Amategeko ahana; 8) kureba uburyo bwo kugena amagarama y’urukiko ku uregwa adafunze 1) Kumenya impamvu yateye impanuka no kureba niba ikomoka ku ikosa ry’uregwa ku buryo bihagije kumuhamya icyaha [7] Ubwo

yabazwaga

mu

Bugenzacyaha, uwagonzwe avuga ko aho hanyurwaga hari hatoya bigatuma ubwo imodoka yazaga, we na mugenzi we bacungaga amagare ahetse imifuka y‘amakara barahagaze ngo imodoka itwawe n’uregwa ibanze inyureho. Mu iburana, uregwa yemera ko impanuka yabaye ubwo yagongaga uwo munyegare Kabarebe. Akamugonga yari amaze kumunyuraho ku gice cy’imbere h’imodoka. Igipande cy’inyuma cy’imodoka (caisse arrière) akaba ari cyo cyagonze Kabarebe. Uregwa akavuga kandi ko uwo munyegare ari we washatse guhatiriza akomeza gucunga igare rye bituma yikubita ku gipande cy’inyuma cy’imodoka bituma agwa mu nsi y’umuhanda. [8] Hashingiwe ku ngingo za 104 na 108 z’Itegeko nº15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, zemerera urukiko

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gusesengura ibyo rubwirwa rugacukumbura ruva ku kizwi ngo rwemeze ikitazwi, ibi byumvikanisha ko kabarebe koko yagonzwe n’iriya modoka igipande cy’inyuma. Ntabwo ari we wikubise ku modoka bikaba bidakwiye gufatwaho ukuri. [9] Ikindi kandi ni uko izi mvugo iy’uregwa ubwe uyigereranyije n’iya Kabarebe wagonzwe, zumvikanisha ko uregwa yagize ubuteshuke n’ubuteganye buke ubwo yagombaga gupima ubunini bw’ikinyabiziga atwaye n’aho agiye kukinyuza mu gihe hahagaze abandi bantu. Akaba rero atarabyitwararitse ngo areke babanze batambuke cyangwa se abasabe kuba baretse kuza noneho we abanze atambuke. Byumvikana rero ko uregwa yagonze uriya munyegare ku bw’ubuteshuke n’ubuteganye buke. [10] Uregwa avuga ko uwagonzwe yanazwe mu nsi y’umuhanda. Hashingiwe na none ku ngingo za 104 na 108 z’Itegeko nº15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, zemerera urukiko gusesengura ibyo rubwirwa rugacukumbura ruva ku kizwi ngo rwemeze ikitazwi, byumvikana ko uregwa yari afitemo umuvuduko. Iyo atawugira ari mwinshi ntabwo byari gutuma habaho imbaraga zituma uwagonzwe anagwa mu nsi y’umuhanda. Uko kugongwa kwatumye Kabarebe avunika igufa ry’ukuguru nk’uko Raporo ya Muganga ibigaragza Birumvikana ko iyo uregwa ataza kugira umuvuduko mwinshi, uwagonzwe atari gukomereka ngo bifate intera yo gutuma avunika igufa ry’ukuguru nk’uko byagenze. Icyaha rero cyo kutaringaniza umuvuduko

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gihama uregwa. Agahamwa kandi n’icyaha cyo gukomeretsa ku bw’ubuteshuke, n’ubuteganye buke. [11] Ibi tukaba tubyemeza kandi tunashingiye ku ngingo ya 119 irebewe hamwe n’iya 120 z’Itegeko nº15/2004 ryo kuwa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo zemerera urukiko ruburanisha imanza z’inshinjabyaha, kwishishoreza ku gaciro ruha cyangwa rudaha ikimenyetso rushyikirijwe cyangwa rucukumbuye. [12] Uregwa yagize ubuteshuke n’ubuteganye buke, kuko nta kindi gisobanura impamvu iyi mpanuka yaba yarabayeho. Dore ko binashimangiwra n’umwanzuro w’umugenzacyaha na we mu bushishozi bwe yasanze ko impanuka yatewe n’uburangare bw’umushoferi wari atwaye DAIHATSU ari we Karambizi Denis uregwa nk’uko bigaragara kuri C4. [13] Kuba umugenzacyaha yarabyise uburangare, twe tubona ahubwo ari ubuteshuke n’ubuteganye buke. Uru rukiko rubona ko uburangare bukwiye kuvugwa igihe nta kindi cyagombaga gukorwa n’umuyobozi w’ikinyabiziga kikaba kitakozwe. Nyamara impanuka ikabaho. Bigaragara ko itaturutse ku wagonzwe cyangwa ku cyagonzwe. Ikaba kandi itaturutse ku yindi mpamvu itandukanye n’ikomoka ku myitwarire y’umuyobozi w‘ikinyabiziga. Mu bihe nk’ibi, ni bwo haba hariho uburangare bw’umuyobozi w‘ikinyabiziga. [14] Rero ku bw’ubuteshuke n’ubutegnye buke, Karambizi ntiyaringanije umuvuduko w’ikinyabiziga, kandi yanakomerekeje umuntu amuvuna igufa

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ry’ukuguru. Ibi byaha byombi bikaba bimuhama nk’uko bimaze gusobanurwa. [15] Me Rutaganira yavuze ko mu mvugo z’ababajijwe no muri raporo y’umugenzacyaha, bigaragara ko icyerekezo kitavugwaho rumwe. Ko uko kudahuza byaba impamvu yo gutuma urukiko rushishoza rukareba niba ibivugwa byose ari ukuri, uregwa ntaharenganire kuko byumvikana ko bari mu cyerekezo, kimwe bityo akaba ari nta kuntu Karambizi yari kugonga Kabarebe. [16] Ubushinjacyaha bwavuze ko bubona harimo kunyuranya ku byerekezo by’uwagonze n’uwagonzwe, iyo urebya ibivugwa n’ababajijwe ukareba na Raporo y’uko impanuka yagenze

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [17] Uru rukiko rubona ko koko mu mvugo z’ababajijwe, ibyerekezo batabivuga ku buryo bumwe. Kuri C9, Karambizi yavuze ko yavaga Gatuna ajya Rubaya kuzana icyayi. Kuri C7 Kabarebe avuga ko yavaga Rubaya yerekeza Gatuna. Umugenzacyaha wakoze Raporo y’uko impanuka yagenze, yavuze ko uregwa yavaga Rubaya yerekeza Gatuna. No ku gishushanyo kuri C5 abishushanya atyo. [18] Hashingiwe na none ku ngingo za 104 na 108 z’Itegeko nº15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, zemerera urukiko gusesengura ibyo rubwirwa rugacukumbura ruva ku kizwi ngo rwemeze ikitazwi, igikwiye

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gufatwaho ukuri ni imvugo z’ababajijwe. Ni ukuvuga Karambizi na Kabarebe. Karambizi yavaga Gatuna agiye mu Rubaya nk’uko abyivugira. Kabarebe na we yavaga mu Rubaya yerekeza Gatuna nk’uko abivuga. Barabisikanaga rero. Raporo y’umugenzacyaha ikaba yaragizeho akantu ko kwibeshya ku byerekezo by’uwagonze n’uwagonzwe. [19] Impamvu urukiko rubibona rutya ni uko uwagonze n’uwagonzwe ni bo bazi neza iby’urugendo rwabo uwo munsi. Uko baruteguye na gahunda bari barufitiye. Mbese ni bo babifite muri bo neza kurusha umugenzacyaha waje ahongaho kubw’akazi gusa nta kindi yari asanzwe azi kuri izo ngendo z’abakoze impanuka na gahunda bifitanye isano. Nta byinshi yari azi kuri izo ngendo zabo. Bityo rero no kwibeshya bikaba byoroshye kuri we kurusha ko byakoroha kwibeshya kuri ba nyir’ubwite. Cyangwa ngo babe babeshya kuko nta mpamvu igaragara yabibatera. [20] Uru rukiko rubona rero ko mu bikwiye gutuma imvugo zivuguruzanya imwe itoranywa igafatwaho ukuri kurusha indi, kandi igahamya icyaha uregwa; hari nko kuba hari impamvu ziherwaho hemezwa ko uvuga imvugo imwe, afite uko ibiyikubiyemo bisanzwe bimushimangiwemo. Kubera ko ari we wabiteguriye gahunda cyangwa se abisanganywe. Kurusha imvugo y’undi bigaragara ko ibyo avuga hari impamvu zo kubona ko atabisanzwemo, cyangwa abijemo by’uwo mwanya, bityo akaba atabyifitemo ku rugero rumwe n’uwa mbere ubisanganywe. Bityo na none bikumvikana ko kunyuranya kwa bombi biturutse ku kwibeshya

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k’utabisanganywe kurusha ko ubisanganywe ari we wakwibeshya cyangwa ngo avuge ibitari ukuri. [21] Uko biri kose, ibyaha byombi, kutaringaniza umuvuduko no gukomeretsa ku bw’ubuteshuke n’ubuteganye buke, biriho kandi biramuhama nk’uko twabisobanuye haruguru. Ibi byaha byombi kandi bigize impurirane y’ibyaha.

3) Ibyerekeye impurirane y’ibyaha byakozwe [22] Hakozwe ibyaha birenze kimwe kandi kimwe kikongera ububi bw’ikindi. Icyaha cyo kutagenzura umuvuduko w‘ikinyabiziga atwaye n’icyaha cyo gukomeretsa uriya munyegare akavunika ukuguru. Ibyo hakurikijwe ingingo ya 83 1º na 2º b) y’Itegekongenga nº01/2012 ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana. ''Ingingo ya 83,1º na 2ºb) ikaba ivuga ko:1º (...) haba impurirane y‘ibyaha iyo umuntu umwe akoze ibyaha byinshi kandi nta na kimwe muri byo cyaciriwe urubanza rwabaye ndakuka 2º (...) haba impurirane y‘imbonezamugambi iyo: a. (...) b. igikorwa kimwe kigizwe n‘ibikorwa bitandukanye

bigize

ubwabyo

ibyaha bitandukanye, bihujwe n‘uko bigamije umugambi w‘icyaha kimwe cyangwa n‘uko bimwe muri byo ari impamvu zongera ububi bw‘ibindi''

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Ibi byaha bikaba byagaragajwe bikanasobanurwa ko bimuhama, akaba akwiye kubihanirwa kuko nta mpamvu uru rukiko rubona ikwiye kubibuza 4) Ibyerekeye kugena ibihano [23] Ubushinjacyaha bwasabye ko uregwa ahanishwa igifungo cy’amezi 02 [24] Uregwa yavuze ko urukiko rwagira ubushishozi rukabona ingorane bahura na zo mu muhanda kuko nta mugambi yari afite wo kumugonga. [25] Icyo urukiko rubivugaho ni uko mu kugena ibihano, ari ngombwa ko urukiko rusuzuma, rubisabwe cyangwa se rubyibwirije, niba nta mpamvu zaboneka mu rubanza ku buryo zaha uregwa amahirwe yo koroherezwa ibihano, ndetse rukanareba niba nta zituma igihano gikomezwa hashingiwe ku biteganyijwe n’itegeko cyangwa ku bindi urukiko rubona ko bikwiriye kwitabwaho. [26] Icyo gihe hakwiye kwitabwa ku biteganyijwe n‘ingingo ya 82 y‘Itegekongenga nº01/2012 ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’Amategeko ahana ivuga ko igihe hari impurirane z‘impamvu nkomezacyaha, iz‘igabanyagihano, iz‘isubiracyaha n’iz‘inyoroshyacyaha, inkiko zigena igihano zikurikije uko izo mpamvu zikurikirana muri iyi ngingo. Nk’uko iyi ngingo ya 82 ibitondeka rero reka duhere ku mpamvu nkomezacyaha.

5) Ibyerekeye impamvu nkomezacyaha

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[27] Twabonye ko ibyaha byakozwe ari ibiteganywa kandi bigahanwa n’ingingo za 26 y’Iteka rya Perezida nº85/01 ryo ku wa 02/09/2002, n’ingingo za 592, 156 na 158 al1 z‘Itegekongenga nº01/2012 ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’Amategeko ahana. Kandi ibi byaha bikaba bigize impurirane mbonezamugambi nk’uko bisobanurwa n’ingingo ya 83 y’iri tegekongenga nk’uko twayibonye. Ingingo ya 26 y’Iteka rya Perezida nº85/01 mu gace kayo ka 1 ikaba ivuga ko umuyobozi wese w'ikinyabiziga, igihe cyose agomba kuringaniza umuvuduko w’ikinyabiziga atwaye Ingingo ya 592 y’iri tegeko ngenga ivuga ku ihanwa ry‟ibyaha byerekeye uburyo bwo kugenda mu mihanda igasobanura ko haseguriwe ibihano birushijeho gukomera biteganyijwe mu zindi ngingo z‟iri tegeko ngenga, umuntu wese utwara ikinyabiziga utubahiriza amategeko yerekeye imihanda n‟uburyo bwo kuyigendamo ahanishwa ihazabu y‟amafaranga y‟u Rwanda kuva ku bihumbi icumi (10.000) kugeza ku bihumbi ijana na mirongo itanu (150.000). Iyo kutubahiriza amategeko yerekeye imihanda n‟uburyo

bwo

kuyigendamo

byangije ibikorwaremezo cyangwa undi mutungo, ubikoze ahanishwa kwishyura agaciro k‟ibyo yangije Ingingo ya 156 ikavuga ko umuntu wese ugira nabi ku bw‟ububuraburyo, uburangare, ubushishozi buke, umwete muke, kudakurikiza amabwiriza cyangwa ubundi buteshuke bwose

Page 16

ariko adafite umugambi wo kugirira umuntu nabi aba akoze icyaha cyo kwica umuntu cyangwa kubabaza umubiri atabishaka. Ingingo ya 158 al1 ikavuga ko iyo gukubita cyangwa gukomeretsa umuntu byaturutse ku buteshuke n‟ubuteganye buke, uwakoze icyaha ahanishwa igifungo kuva ku minsi umunani (8) kugeza ku mezi abiri (2) n‟ihazabu y‟amafaranga y‟u Rwanda kuva ku bihumbi ijana (100.000) kugeza ku bihumbi magana atanu (500.000) cyangwa kimwe gusa muri ibyo bihano. [28] Ingingo ya 84 y’iri tegekongenga, igaragaza ko kuba ibyaha bigize impurirane biba impamvu nkomezagihano kuko iteganya gutanga igihano kiruta ibindi ugereranyije ibihano by’ibyaha byakozwe buri cyose ukwacyo. Ikaba ivuga itya : Ibihano mu gihe habaye impurirane y‟ibyaha : Iyo ku gikorwa kimwe gusa cyangwa byinshi, uwakoze icyaha yari guhanishwa ibihano byinshi byo

gufungwa

cyangwa

by‘ihazabu, umucamanza amuhanisha igihano kiruta ibindi yongera igihe cyangwa umubare bitewe n‘uburyo ibyaha byakozwe ariko ntarenze urugero ntarengwa wongeyeho icya kabiri (1/2) cy‟icyo gihano kirushije ibindi gukomera. Igihano cyose cy‘ingereka kiratangwa n‘ubwo cyaba giteganyijwe ku cyaha kimwe. Igihano kiruta ibindi ni igifite urwego ntarengwa rwo hejuru rusumba urw‘ibindi bihano.

Page 17

Iyo ibihano bibiri (2) bihwanyije urwego ntarengwa rwo hejuru, igihano kiruta ikindi ni icyisumbuye mu rwego ntarengwa rwo hasi. Iyo ibihano byombi binganya urwego ntarengwa rwo hejuru n‘urwego ntarengwa rwo hasi, igihano kiruta ikindi ni icyongereweho igihano cy‘ihazabu. Igihe cyose, ihazabu irutwa n‘igihano cy’igifungo“. [29] Ibi bivuze ko igihano cyagombye gutangwa ari igiteganyijwe ku cyaha cyo gukomeretsa umuntu atari ku bushake ahubwo bitewe n’ubuteshuke n’ubuteganye buke giteganywa n‘ingingo ya 158 al1 kikaba ari igifungo kuva ku minsi 8 kugeza ku mezi 02 na/cyangwa ihazabu ya 100 000 kugeza kuri 500 000 rwf. Ubushinjacyaha bukaba bwasabye igifungo cy’amezi 02 nta hazabu. Hakaba hakwibazwa niba bishoboka ko yahabwa amahirwe yo kugabanyirizwa ibihano.

6) Ibyerekeye impamvu zo koroshya igihano [30] Ingingo ya 71 y’Itegekongenga nº01/2012 ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’Amategeko ahana, igira iti : Ibyo umucamaza akurikiza mu gutanga igihano Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uko uhanwa yakoze icyaha, ashingiye ku mpamvu zabimuteye, uko uwakoze icyaha yari asanzwe yitwara, uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo n‟imibereho ye bwite

Page 18

Na ho ingingo ya 76 y’iri tegekongenga, igira iti : Iyemerwa

ry‟impamvu

nyoroshyacyaha Umucamanza ubwe aha agaciro impamvu nyoroshyacyaha,

ari

izakibanjirije,

ari izagiherekeje cyangwa izagikurikiye. Kwemeza impamvu zoroshya uburemere bw‟icyaha bigomba gusobanurwa. [31] Urukiko rero rushingiye kuri izi ngingo, rubona ari nta kindi gihe byagaragaye ko uregwa yigeze yitwara nabi, mbere y’ikorwa ry’icyaha cyavuzwe. Akaba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe n’amategeko. Uru rukiko rukabona ari impamvu yabanjirije ikorwa ry’iki cyaha, yatuma ahabwa amahirwe yo kugabanyirizwa igihano. Ku mpamvu y’uko ari ubwa mbere uregwa akurikiranywe n’amategeko. Uru rukiko rubona ko kuba uregwa atari yarigeze akurikiranwa n’amategeko, ariko ubu bikaba bimubayeho, ari umwanya kuri we wo kwiyumvisha ububi bw’icyaha, akabifatira ingamba zikwiye ntibizongere. Ni yo mpamvu uru rukiko rubona ko yahabwa amahirwe yo kugabanyirizwa igihano. Cyane ko kuba ari ubwa mbere uregwa akurikiranywe n’amategeko

bikunze

gufatwa

nk’impamvu yashingirwaho uregwa agahabwa mahirwe yo koroherezwa ibihano. Uyu murongo ukaba warakurikijwe mu zindi manza twaciye1. [32] Itegeko riteganya igihano cy’igifungo n’ihazabu biri hamwe, cyangwa kimwe gusa muri ibi bihano. 1 Nka RPA 0171/14/TGI/GIC Musengimana, rwaciwe ku wa 27/11/2014, para 13, RP 0177/14/TGI/GIC Ngiruwonsanga, rwaciwe ku wa 15/12/2014, para 23 & 24 n’izindi.

Page 19

Hashingiwe ku ihame ry’uko amategeko y’imanza nshinjabyaha ari ndemyagihugu, iri hame rigatuma urukiko rushishoza ku gihano rugena gutanga rukanabisobanura bitabaye ngombwa ko rukurikiza byanze bikunze igihano cyasabwe n’Ubushinjacyaha, rubona nta gikwiye kubuza ko igihano cy’igifungo cyasabwe gisimbuzwa ihazabu kuko uru rukiko rubona ko icyaha gikurikiranywe kitari mu byaha bikorwa ku bw’ubugome cyangwa gushaka kugira nabi, akaba rero ari nta mpamvu yo guhitamo igifungo nk‘igihano gikomeye kurusha ihazabu mu gihe n’ihazabu na yo ari igihano kandi rusanga kitabuze kuba kitoroshye. [33] Mu manza twaciye RP 0115/14/TGI/GIC Uwizigiyimana rwaciwe ku wa 26/11/2014 na RP 0180/14/TGI/GIC Ndereyimana rwaciwe ku wa 19/12/2014, twatanze igihanocy’ihazabuya 300 000 rwf kuko

nta

cyaha

cyo

kutaringaniza umuvuduko .Twabonye icyaha cyo gukomeretsa umuntu bidaturutse ku bushake cyonyine. Byumvikane ko nta mpurirane y’ibyaha yatugaragariye. Twatanze igihano cy’ihazabu ya 300 000 rwf. Mu gihe muri uru rubanza tubona impurirane y’ibyaha byo kutaringaniza umuvuduko no gukomeretsa undi atari kubushake, bikaba bigize impurirane kandi iyo mpurirane ikaba impamvu nkomezacyaha n’uko twabibonye. Bikaba rero biribugire ingaruka ku gihano gikwiye kwiyongera.

7) Kumenya niba uregwa yahanwa hakurikijwe ingingo ya 592 y’Itegekongenga nº01/2012 ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’Amategeko ahana

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[34] Me Rutaganira yasabye ko uregwa yahanwa hakurikijwe ingingo ya 592 yavuzwe, ngo kuko Ubushinjacyaha

n’ubundi

bwatanze

ikirego ruyishingiyeho. [35] Ubushinjacyaha

bwavuze

ko

urukiko rwabisuzuma rugakurikiza amategeko

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [36] Ingingo ya 592 y’iri tegeko ngenga igira iti : Ihanwa ry‟ibyaha byerekeye uburyo bwo kugenda mu mihanda Haseguriwe ibihano birushijeho gukomera biteganyijwe mu zindi ngingo z‟iri tegeko ngenga, umuntu wese utwara ikinyabiziga utubahiriza amategeko yerekeye imihanda n‟uburyo bwo kuyigendamo ahanishwa ihazabu y‟amafaranga y‟u Rwanda kuva ku bihumbi icumi (10.000) kugeza ku bihumbi ijana na mirongo itanu (150.000). Iyo kutubahiriza amategeko yerekeye imihanda n‟uburyo

bwo

kuyigendamo

byangije ibikorwaremezo cyangwa undi mutungo, ubikoze ahanishwa kwishyura agaciro k‟ibyo yangije [37] Uru rukiko rubona ko iyi ngingo yubahirizwa iyo ibivugwa mu ngingo za 156-158 z’iri tegeko ngenga atari byo byabaye, iyo bidahari cyangwa bikaba bituzuye, Ahanini ni igihe nta muntu wishwe cyangwa ngo akomeretswe. Mu gihe rero hari umuntu wishwe

Page 21

cyangwa wakomerekejwe, hakurikizwa ziriya ngingo kuva ku ya 156 kugeza ku ya 158. Iyi ngingo rero uru rukiko rubona itakurikizwa. [38] Nyuma yo kugena ibihano, uru rukiko rurabona ari na ngombwa kugira icyo ruvuga ku magarama y’ibyagiye ku rubanza kugira ngo na byo bifatweho icyemezo 8) Kureba ibyerekeye amagarama y’ibyagiye ku rubanza rw’inshinjabyaha mu gihe uregwa adafunze. [39] Ingingo ya 268 y’itegeko nº30/2013 ryo ku wa 24/05/2013 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, ivuga ko abantu baburana bafunze basonerwa amagarama yaba ingwate cyangwa kwishyura ibyakozwe mu rukiko. Hakibazwa rero uko bikwiye kugenda ku baburanye badafunze. Hakanibazwa umubare w’ayo bagomba kwishyura uko ungana. [40] Ubundi ibyakozwe n’urukiko birishyurwa. Nta yindi mpamvu uru rukiko rubona yo gukuraho iryo hame. Ubusanzwe byishyurwa hitawe ku kuba uwatanze ikirego hari ingwate yatanze kubera ibyo byakozwe n’urukiko bigomba kwishyurwa, bikavanwa muri iyo ngwate niba ari we utsinzwe cyangwa bikishyurwa n’uwarezwe niba ari we utsinzwe. Iteka rya Ministiri nº001/08.11 ryo ku wa 11/02/2014 rivuga ko ingwate y’amagarama yishyurwa mu nkiko zisumbuye ari 50 000 rwf adasubizwa keretse uwayatanze arega ayasubijwe n’uwatsinzwe (ingingo za 2 na 4). Ibi tubona byumvikanisha ko aya 50 000 rwf ari „forfait“ ku byakozwe n’urukiko uko byaba bingana kose. Bityo

Page 22

akaba ari na yo utsinzwe mu rubanza rw’inshinjabyaha arekuye akwiye kwishyura. III.ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [41] Rwemeje ko ikirego cy’Ubushinjacyaha cyakiriwe kandi kimaze gusuzumwa kikaba gifite ishingiro. [42] Rwemeje ko ibyaha byaregewe, bihama Karambizi akabihanirwa. [43] Rwemeje ko abihanirwa hitawe ku mpamvu nkomezacyaha n’impamvu nyoroshyagihano zavuzwe [44] Rumuhanishije gutanga ihazabu ya 500 000 rwf. [45] Rwemeje ko yishyura amagarama y’ibyagiye kuri uru rubanza angina na 50 000 rwf.