KAYIGAMBA v. AKAGERA BUSINESS GROUP Ltd

KAYIGAMBA v. AKAGERA BUSINESS GROUP Ltd

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2014-06-06 - Case/document no.: RCOMA OO24/13/CS - Collection: Supreme Court

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KAYIGAMBA v. AKAGERA BUSINESS GROUP Ltd [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – RCOMA OO24/13/CS (Mutashya, P.J., Nyirinkwaya na Rugabirwa, J.) 6 Kamena 2014] Amategeko y’ubucuruzi – Ikodeshagurisha – Imodoka ihawe umukozi mu rwego rw’akazi – Mu isesengura ry’amasezerano hibandwa ku biyagize aho kwibanda ku magambo yakoreshejwe mu kuyandika – Nta muburanyi washingira ko amasezerano yagiranye na mugenzi we ari ay’ubugure bushingiye ku nguzanyo ngo kuko ariwo mutwe w’amasezerano, mu gihe mu isesengura ryayo ari amasezerano y’ikodeshagurisha kuko yagombaga kwegukana imodoka burundu nyuma yo kurangiza kwishyura – Itegeko nº 06/2005 ryo kuwa 03/06/2005 rishyiraho amategeko agenga ibikorwa by’ikodeshagurisha n’ibisabwa mu mirimo y’ikodeshagurisha, ingingo ya 2. Amategeko agenga amasezerano cyangwa imirimo nshinganwa – Gusesa amasezerano y’ikodeshagurisha – Iseswa ry’amasezerano y’ikodeshagurisha rishobora kuba ari uko impande zombi zibyumvikanyeho kandi hasingiwe ku mpamvu yumvikana yemewe n’amategeko – Itegeko nº 06/2005 ryo kuwa 03/06/2005 rishyiraho amategeko agenga ibikorwa by’ikodeshagurisha n’ibisabwa mu mirimo y’ikodeshagurisha, ingingo ya 12. Amategeko agenga amasezerano cyangwa imirimo nshinganwa – Indishyi – Indishyi mu iseswa ry’amasezerano y’ikodeshagurisha – Kutagararagaza ikosa ryakozwe mu masezerano – Mu igena ry’indishyi mu gihe cy’iseswa ry’amasezerano y’ikodeshagurisha

ridakurikije amategeko, uzisaba arazihabwa hiyongereyeho amafaranga yari amaze kwishyura, amafaranga y’agaciro nsigarira n’ay’igihombo yagize mu gihe uruhindi ruhande rwari rwisubije icyemeranyijweho mu masezerano – Itegeko nº 45/2001 ryo kuwa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano, ingingo ya 81. Amategeko agenga amasezerano cyangwa imirimo nshinganwa – Ihererekanya mutungo mu masezerano y’ikodeshagurisha – Nta muburanyi wasaba ko yandikwa ku mutungo mu bijyanye n’ikodeshagurisha ngo bihabwe agaciro mu gihe yiyemereye ko azabanza kwishyura umwenda wose cyangwa kwishyura mu gihe bumvikanye mu gihe amasezerano bagiranye yaramuka asheshwe. Incamake y’ikibazo: Kuwa 31/05/20011, Kayigamba yagiranye amaserano afite umutwe w’amasezerano y’ubugure bushingiye ku nguzanyo n’umukoresha we AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd yo kumugurira imodoka yo mu bwoko bwa MAHINDRA SCORPIO ayishyikirizwa kuwa 01/06/2011. Iyo modoka yatanzwe ku giciro kingana na 12.000.000frw. Kayigamba yishyuye avance ya 1.000.000frw, andi asigaye bikaba byari biteganyijwe ko azajya yishyura 250.000frw buri kwezi mu gihe kingana n’amezi 48. Kuwa 14/06/2011, AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd kamutiye iyo modoka kamubwira ko gashaka kuyikoresha mu gikorwa cyako cyo kwerekana imodoka zishobora kugurirwa abayobozi ariko ntikayimusubiza ahubwo kamubwira ko abishatse kamugurira indi yo mu bwoko bwa RAV4. Kayigamba yasabye gusubizwa imodoka ntiyayihabwa, ahubwo AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd gahitamo gusesa amasezerano mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amasezerano bagiranye; nyuma y’aho kuwa 24/10/2011 kaza no gusesa amasezerano y’umurimo bagiranye.

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Kayigamba Charles yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi asaba gusubizwa imodoka ye, kuyandikwaho no guhabwa indishyi z’igihe yamaze atayikoresha. Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeje ko amasezerano y’ubugure bushingiye ku nguzanyo yasheshwe nta ngingo n’imwe yayo ishingiweho, ko AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd kabikoze mu nyungu zako. Ku bijyanye n’ihererekanya mutungo rwemeje ko Kayigamba Charles atagomba kuyandikwaho kuko atishyuye amezi 48 nk’uko amasezerano yabiteganyaga. Kayigamba yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga avuga ko Umucamanza yemeje ko AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd kishe amasezerano nta gace indishyi ko kandi yirengagije ko yari yararangije kwishyura amafaranga yose hashingiwe kuyo yagombaga kuba yarakoreye igihe cyose AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd yari yarayisubije. AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd ko kavuze ko amasezerano yasheshwe hashingiwe ku cyifuzo cy’ubuyobozi bwa Leta, kandi Kayigamba akaba yarasabwe guhindurirwa indi modoka agahabwa RAV 4 nshyashya akabyanga AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd kakaba kari gafite uburenganzira bwo guseasa amasezerano kagasubirana imodoka yako. Naho kubijyanye n’ihererekanya mutungo AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd kavuga ko Kayigamba adashobora kurikorerwa kuko atigeze arangiza inshingano ze. AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd nako katanze ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi kavuga Kayigamba atagombaga guhabwa indishyi mu gihe kemeraga kumusubiza amafaranga

yose yamaze kwishyura. Naho Kayigamba we akavuga ko nta kosa ryakozwe mu kumugenera indishyi kuko zashingiye kugihombo yari yatejwe no gusesa amasezerano mu buryo bunyuranyije n‘amategeko. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Mu isesengura ry‘amasezerano hibandwa ku biyagize mu rwego rwo kumemya icyo impande zombi ziba zishaka kugeraho aho kwibanda ku magambo aba yakoreshejwe mu kuyandika. Amasezerano Kayigamba yagiranye n'AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd akaba ari ay’ikodesha gurisha kuko yari kwegukana imodoka burundu nyuma yo kurangiza kwishyura bitandukanye n'ubugure bushingiye ku nguzanyo busaba ko ugurisha yegurira uguze burundu ikiguzwe n’ubwo ikiguzi cyaba kitishyuwe cyose.

2. Iseswa ry’amasezerano y’ikodeshagurisha rishobora gusabwa hakurikijwe igitabo cya Gatatu cy’Urwunge rw’Amategeko Mbonezamubano. Rishobora no guturuka ku ngingo ziteganyijwe mu masezerano y’ikodeshagurisha. AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd rero kasheshe amasezerano kagiranye na Kayigamba mu buryo budakurikije amategeko kuko kayasheshe katabyumvikanyeho nawe kandi nta n’impamvu yumvikana yemewe n’amategeko katanze cyangwa se ngo kagaragaze niba hari inshingano ziteganyijwe mu masezerano Kayigamba atubahirije.

3. Mu masezerano y’ikodesha gurisha, iyo iseswa ry’amasezerano ritatewe n’impamvu ziturutse ku uwakodeshaga mu masezerano, ahabwa indishyi iyo yazisabye hakiyongesho amafaranga yose aba amaze kwishyura, amafaranga y’agaciro nsigarira, ay’igihombo yagize mu gihe urundi ruhande rwari rwisubije icyemeranyijweho mu masezerano.

4. Iherekanya mutungo mu masezerano y’ikodesha gurisha rikurikiza ibyo impande zombi zumvikanye. Iyo uruhande rwari rufite inshingano yo kwishyura ngo ruwandikweho ntirubikore, ruba ntacyo rwashingiraho rubisaba mu gihe rutarangije kwishyura amafaranga y’ikiguzi cyayo. Ni kimwe kandi n’igihe amasezerano yaba asheshwe maze uruhande rubisaba ntirube rwarishyuye amafaranga asigaye mu gihe cyateganyijwe. Bityo Kayigamba akaba ntaho yahera

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asaba kwandikwaho imodoka mu gihe atubahirijwe ibikubiye mu masezerano yagiranye n’AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe. Ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi nta shingiro bufite. Amagarama aherereye ku uregwa. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko nº 45/2001 ryo kuwa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano, ingingo ya 81. Itegeko nº 06/2005 ryo kuwa 03/06/2005 rishyiraho amategeko agenga ibikorwa by’ikodeshagurisha n’ibisabwa mu mirimo y’ikodeshagurisha, ingingo ya 2 n’iya 12. Itegeko ryo kuwa 30/07/1888 ryerekeye amasezerano cyangwa imirimo nshinganwa , ingingo ya 258. Nta maza zifashishijwe. Inyandiko z’abahanga zifashishijwe: Jérôme H., Traité de Droit Civil, Les principaux contrats spéciaux, L.G.D.J, 2e édition, Paris, 2001, p.

1131. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] KAYIGAMBA Charles wari umukozi wa AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd yaje kugirana n’umukoresha we amasezerano kuwa 31/05/20011 yo kumugurira imodoka yo mu bwoko bwa MAHINDRA SCORPIO ifite agaciro ka 12.000.000 Frw bumvikana ko atanga 1.000.000 Frw ya avance, akazajya yishyura 250.000 Frw buri kwezi kuva akimara kubona imodoka, akazishyura mu gihe cy’amezi 48 kingana n’imyaka ine. [2] KAYIGAMBA Charles avuga ko imodoka yayishyikirijwe kuwa 01/06/2011 agatangira kuyikoresha, rimwe na rimwe akajya ayikodesha Akagera Business Group Ltd, Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda na TIGO, agakomeza no kwishyura AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd nk’uko babyumvikanye. [3] KAYIGAMBA Charles avuga ko kuwa 14/06/2011, AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd kamutiye iyo modoka kamubwira ko gashaka kuyikoresha mu gikorwa cyako cyo kwerekana imodoka zishobora kugurirwa abayobozi, nyuma kakamubwira ko imodoka ye iri mu zashimwe, ko kandi Leta yagasabye ko bene izo modoka zigurirwa abayobozi b’imirenge ngo kandi yifuza ko aribo bazituma bonyine, ibi bikaba aribyo byatumye AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd kamumenyesha ko kishubije imodoka yako, ko abishatse kamugurira indi yo mu bwoko bwa RAV 4. [4] KAYIGAMBA avuga ko yasabye gusubizwa imodoka ntiyayihabwa, ahubwo AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd gahitamo gusesa amasezerano bari bagiranye, nyuma

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kanamwirukana ku kazi kugira ngo kabone uko kisubiza imodoka mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amasezerano bari bagiranye. KAYIGAMBA Charles yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi asaba gusubizwa imodoka ye, kwandikwa kuri iyo modoka n’indishyi z’igihe yari amaze atayikoresha. [5] Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ikirego cya KAYIGAMBA Charles gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe, ko ikirego kigamije kwiregura cyatanzwe na AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd nta shingiro gifite, rugategeka guha KAYIGAMBA Charles 6.340.000 Frw y’indishyi z’akababaro, na 500.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’avoka. [6] Urukiko mu gufata icyemezo cyarwo ku bijyanye no gusesa rwasanze amasezerano y’ubugure bushingiye ku nguzanyo yarasheshwe kuwa 15/06/2011 aho kuba kuwa 24/10/2011 nk’uko AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd kabivuga, ko kuri iyo tariki aribwo AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd kasabye KAYIGAMBA Charles kugasubiza imodoka kamuguriye kakabikora kandi nta ngingo n’imwe y’amasezerano gashingiyeho ahubwo kakaba karabikoze mu nyungu zako, ko kuvuga ko kayishubije kubera ko yari ikanditseho kandi KAYIGAMBA Charles atarishyuye amafaranga yose nyuma y’iseswa ry’amasezerano y’umurimo bari bafitanye, nta shingiro bifite kubera ko ay’umurimo yasheshwe kuwa 24/10/2011, ay’igurishaguriza akaba yari yarasheshwe burundu kuwa 15/06/2011 ubwo AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd yisubizaga imodoka burundu. [7] Ku

bijyanye n’ihererekanyamutungo (Mutation), rwasanze KAYIGAMBA Charles atagomba kwandikwaho imodoka kubera ko atishyuye amezi 48 kugira ngo imodoka ayegukane burundu nk’uko amasezerano yabiteganyaga, ko agomba gusubizwa amafaranga iyo modoka yagombaga kuba yarakoreye kuva kuwa 15/06/2011 kugeza kuwa 03/09/2011 itariki ya nyuma yishyuriyeho. [8] KAYIGAMBA Charles yajuririye urubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga avuga ko umucamanza yaranzwe no kwivuguruza aho yemeje ko AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd yishe amasezerano ariko ntagace indishyi, no gukoresha nabi itegeko akirengagiza ko yari yaramaze kwishyura amafaranga yose urebye amezi yari amaze kwishyura, amafaranga imodoka yagombaga kuba yarakoreye igihe cyose AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd yari yarayisubije, ko yari yararengeje ikiguzi cy’imodoka akaba ahubwo yaragombaga gusubizwa 790.000 Frw. [9] AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd nayo yatanze ubujurire ivuga ko umucamanza yakoze ikosa kubera ko yavuze ko KAYIGAMBA Charles yakoze amakosa yarangiza akamugenera indishyi mu gihe AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd yemeraga kumuha amafaranga yari amaze gutanga, ko mu gihe atari yakarangije kwishyura amafaranga y’ikiguzi cy’imodoka, atagombaga guhabwa amafaranga y’ubukode mu gihe igikodeshwa atari icye. [10] Iburanisha ry’urubanza ryabereye mu ruhame kuwa 29/04/2014 AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd kitabye kaburanirwa na Me BUZAYIRE Angèle naho KAYIGAMBA Charles aburanirwa na Me IDAHEMUKA Tharcisse.

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II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO A. Kumenya niba amasezerano KAYIGAMBA Charles yagiranye na AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd ari amasezerano y’ikodeshagurisha (leasing) cyangwa ari amasezerano y’ubugure bushingiye ku nguzanyo (vente à credit). [11] Me IDAHEMUKA Tharcisse uburanira KAYIGAMBA Charles avuga ko amasezerano impande zombi zagiranye ari ubugure bushingiye ku nguzanyo (vente à credit), aya masezerano akaba atandukanye n’ikodeshagurisha (leasing) rivugwa n’AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd. Avuga ko amasezerano yasinywe kuwa 31/05/2011 imodoka igahabwa KAYIGAMBA Charles kuwa 01/06/2011, AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd ikongera kuyisubiza kuwa 14/06/2011 ivuga ko igiye kuyikoresha ku gikorwa cyayo cyo kuyereka abayobozi, ko kuva icyo gihe atigeze asubizwa imodoka ye, AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd ikaba iyifite mu buryo butemewe n’amategeko. [12] Akomeza avuga ko KAYIGAMBA Charles yakomeje kwishyura amafaranga bari bumvikanye, kandi kuri we akaba abona yararangije kwishyura amafaranga yose bari barumvikanye hakurikijwe igihe AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd kari kamaranye iyo modoka n’amafaranga yari yaratanze kugira ngo ayihabwe ku nguzanyo, asoza avuga ko imodoka yari iya KAYIGAMBA Charles yabonye mu buryo bw’ubugure bw’inguzanyo (vente à credit) n’ikimenyimenyi akaba ariwe utunze urufunguzo rwayo rwa 3. [13] Me BUZAYIRE Angèle uburanira AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd avuga ko imodoka

yari iya AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd nk’uko amasezerano abigaragaza, ko kandi harebwe amasezerano impande zombi zagiranye ari amasezerano y’ikodeshagurisha (leasing), ko atari amasezerano y’ubugure bushingiye ku nguzanyo nk’uko KAYIGAMBA Charles abyumvikanisha, ko harebwe mu gace ka (j) k’amasezerano bigaragara ko ari amasezerano y’ikodeshagurisha, ndetse no mu gace ka (i) kavuga ibijyanye n’uko bizagenda igihe azaba atakiri umukozi wa AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd. [14] Asoza avuga ko amasezerano y’umurimo ya KAYIGAMBA Charles yarangiye kuwa 30/10/2011 akazi yakoraga karangiye, imodoka yari afite ikaba yarajyanaga n’umurimo yakoraga, muri ayo masezerano bikaba byanditse neza ko mu gihe amasezerano y’umurimo asheshwe, yagombaga kwishyura agaciro k’imodoka yose mu gihe kingana n’iminsi 60 kugira ngo ayegukane atabikora ntabe yabaza amafaranga amaze kwishyura ahubwo agafatwa nk’ay’ubukode bw’iyo modoka, akaba atagaragaza niba yarishyuye amafaranga y’ikiguzi cy’imodoka mu minsi 60 ikurikira iseswa ry’amasezerano y’umurimo.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [15] Mu gusesengura amasezerano impande zombi zagiranye Urukiko rurasanga rugomba kwibanda ku biyagize mu rwego rwo kumenya icyo impande zombi zashakaga kugeraho aho kwibanda ku magambo yakoreshejwe mu kuyandika nk’uko byateganywaga n’ingingo ya 54 yo mu gitabo cya gatatu cy’urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano1. Ingingo ya 264 y’icyo gitabo igateganya ko igurisha riba ryuzuye hagati y'abagiranye amasezerano kandi ugurisha akegurira 1 Ni ngombwa, mu masezerano, gushaka icyo abayagiranye bari bagamije, aho kwibanda ku magambo bakoresheje.

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ugura ikintu burundu kabone n’ubwo ikigurishwa cyaba kitaratangwa cyangwa ikiguzi cyacyo kitarishyurwa bapfa gusa kuba bumvikanye ku kigurishwa n’ikiguzi cyacyo2. [16] Mu nyandiko zigize urubanza, harimo amasezerano afite umutwe wanditse ko ari amasezerano y’ubugure bw’imodoka bushingiye ku nguzanyo (vente à crédit) yabaye kuwa 31/05/2011, muri aya masezerano impande zombi zikaba zarumvikanye ko AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd kagurishije ku nguzanyo imodoka ya MAHINDRA SCORPIO kuri 12.000.000 Frw, uguze akabanza kwishyura 1.000.000 Frw y’imbanzirizagura (avance), akajya yishyura 250.000 Frw buri kwezi mu gihe kingana n’amezi 48. [17] Urukiko rurasanga kandi muri ayo masezerano, impande zombi zarumvikanye ko mu gihe KAYIGAMBA Charles ananiwe kwishyura, AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd kazasubirana imodoka, ko kandi KAYIGAMBA Charles atazabaza amafaranga azaba amaze kwishyura ko azafatwa nk’ayishyura ubukode bwayo, ko ari nako bizagenda mu gihe KAYIGAMBA Charles azaba atakiri umukozi wa AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd ku bw’iseswa ry’amasezerano y’akazi, muri ayo masezerano kandi mu gace kayo ka (j) impande zombi zumvikanye ko KAYIGAMBA Charles azandikwa kuri iyo modoka mu gihe azaba arangije kwishyura amafaranga y’agaciro k’iyo modoka, naho mu gace kayo ka (i) hakaba hari hateganyijwe ko imodoka izakomeza ikandikwa ku izina rya AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd, ikazaba iya KAYIGAMBA Charles ari uko

arangije kwishyura amafaranga yose y’iyo modoka, ndetse kugeza ubwo AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd kayisubizaga ikaba itari yakamwanditseho, byumvikanisha ko imodoka yari ikiri iyako ( AKAGERA BUSNESS Group Ltd). [18] Mu gusesengura amasezerano impande zombi zagiranye mu rwego rwo kumenya icyo abayagiranye bashakaga (la volonté de parties contractantes), Urukiko rurasanga 1.000.000 Frw yishyuwe mbere y’uko KAYIGAMBA Charles ahabwa imodoka, atari imbanzirizabwishyu (avance) nk’uko byanditse mu masezerano, ahubwo ari agaciro nsigarira (valeur résiduelle3) k’uwo mutungo gaherwaho mu kuwugura, kubera ko iyo aba ari imbanzirizabwishyu (avance) koko, yagombaga kwishyura mu mezi 44 yishyura 250.000Frw ku kwezi, aho kuba amezi 48 avugwa mu masezerano, aka gaciro nsigarira kakaba ari ko kavugwa mu ngingo ya 3, al 2 &6 y’itegeko Nº06/2005 ryo kuwa 03/06/2005 rishyiraho amategeko agenga ibikorwa by’ikodeshagurisha( leasing) n’ibisabwa muri iyo mirimo4. [19] Hashingiwe ku bimaze kuvugwa haruguru, Urukiko rurasanga, harebwe ibikubiye mu masezerano KAYIGAMBA Charles yagiranye na AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd cyane 2 Igurisha riba ryuzuye hagati y'abagiranye amasezerano kandi umugurisha akegurira burundu umuguzi icyagurishijwe mu gihe bumvikanye ku kintu no ku giciro cyacyo n'ubwo ikigurishwa kitari cyatangwa n’ikiguzi cyacyo kikaba kitari cyishyurwa 3 La valeur résiduelle est une mesure à prendre

en compte dans les offres de Location avec Option d’Achat (LOA) d’ un véhicule. Elle permet en effet d’estimer la valeur du véhicule au terme du contrat de location, indication déterminante dans le calcul des loyers payés tout au long de la location. ( Dictionnaire économique et financier). 4 Ibikorwa byo mu rwego rw’ikodeshagurisha hagati y’ukodesha-agurisha n’ukodesha agura bikorerwa amasezerano y’ikodeshagurisha. Kugira ngo aya masezerno agire agaciro, agomba gushyirwa mu nyandiko. Mu byo amasezerano y’ikodeshagurisha agomba guteganya harimo:[…] 6º agaciro nsigarira k’uwo mutungo kazashingirwaho mu kugura uwo mutungo;

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cyane mu ngingo yayo ya 2 uduce twa (e), (f), (g), (h) na (i), hakarebwa ibyo itegeko nº 06/2005 ryo kuwa 03/06/2005 rishyiraho amategeko agenga ibikorwa by’ikodeshagurisha n’ibisabwa mu mirimo y’ikodeshagurisha riteganya, amasezerano bagiranye ari amasezerano y’ikodeshagurisha (leasing) kubera ko, nk’uko ingingo zayo zibigaragaza, KAYIGAMBA Charles yagombaga kwegukana imodoka burundu nyuma yo kurangiza kwishyura, iki kikaba ari kimwe mu biranga ikodeshagurisha, mu gihe mu bugure bushingiye ku nguzanyo (vente à credit), ugurisha yegurira uguze burundu ikiguzwe n’ubwo ikiguzi cyaba kitishyuwe cyose nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 264 y’igitabo cya gatatu cy’urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano yavuzwe haruguru. B. Kubyerekeye ubujurire bwa KAYIGAMBA Charles ► Kumenya niba amasezerano KAYIGAMBA Charles na AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd bagiranye yarasheshwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko n’ingaruka z’iryo seswa. [20] Me IDAHEMUKA Tharcisse avuga ko umucamanza yirengagije ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko KAYIGAMBA Charles yari yararangije kwishyura imodoka ndetse yararengeje, kuko amasezerano yateganyaga ubwishyu bwa 250.000 Frw buri kwezi kandi yari amaze kwishyura 1.750.000 Frw ahwanye n’amezi 7, bivuze ko nubwo ubwishyu bwa nyuma bwakozwe kuwa 03/09/2011 ariko mu by’ukuri iyo ubaze amezi neza, usanga ubwishyu bwa nyuma ari ubwo mu kwa cumi n’abiri 2011, kuko yatangiye kwishyura mu kwa

gatandatu, hakwiyongera na 80.000 Frw yari kuyikodesha buri munsi, bihwanye na 15.920.000 Frw yo kuva kuwa 16/06/2011 kugeza kuwa 31/12/2011, 29.280.000 Frw yo kuva kuwa 01/01/2012 kugeza kuwa 31/12/2012, 29.200.000 Frw yo kuva kuwa 01/01/2013 kugeza kuwa 31/12/2013 na 9.520.000 Frw yo kuva kuwa 01/01/2014 kugeza kuwa 29/04/2014, ko iyo uyateranyije yose angana na 85.670.000 Frw, hakiyongeraho 15.000.000 Frw y‘ndishyi z’akababaro na 3.600.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’avoka. [21] Avuga ko umucamanza yivuguruje cyane kubera ko ku ruhande rumwe, avuga ko AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd kasheshe amasezerano mu buryo bunyuranije n’amategeko, ku rundi ruhande akavuga ko KAYIGAMBA Charles atagomba gusubizwa imodoka. [22] Me BUZAYIRE Angèle uburanira AKAGERA BUSNESS Group Ltd we avuga ko ibyo KAYIGAMBA aburanisha by’uko yarangije inshingano ze ataribyo nk’uko umucamanza yabyemeje mu gika cy’urubanza nº 25 cy’urubanza rwajuririwe, ko kuvuga ko yishyuye kugera kuwa 31/12/2011 nabyo ataribyo kuko ayo yatanze ari avance ya 1.000.000Frw ko kandi bitigeze byandikwa, ko iyo avance izasimbura ubwishyu yagombaga kujya atanga buri kwezi kugeza arangije akaba rero atagaragaza ko yishyuye amezi 12. [23] Akomeza avuga ko icyo AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd izi, ari uko yishyuye amezi 3 gusa, asaba Urukiko ko rwazita ku butumwa KAYIGAMBA Charles yajyaga yandikira abayobozi ba AKAGERA BUSINESS

Group Ltd aho yavugaga ko yishyuza 80.000 Frw ku munsi , ko kandi n’ubwo avuga ko yakodeshwaga muri Banki y’Abaturage no muri TIGO ari ukubivuga gusa nta kimenyetso yigeze abigaragariza. [24] Asoza avuga ko amasezerano yasheshwe kuwa 15/06/2011 ubwo yari amaze kumenyeshwa ko adakomeza kugumana iriya modoka, ko kuva imodoka yari icyanditse kuri AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd bivuze ko yari ikiri iyayo, ko iyo abona hari igihombo

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birimo kumuteza yagombaga kuba yarareze nyuma yo ku wa 15/06/2011 agasaba gusubizwa imodoka ye cyangwa indishyi z’amafaranga yatanze, ko amasezerano yasheshwe hashingiwe ku cyifuzo cy’ubuyobozi bwa Leta, kandi KAYIGAMBA Charles akaba yarasabwe guhindurirwa agahabwa modoka ya RAV 4 nshyashya akabyanga AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd ikaba yari ifite uburenganzira bwo guseasa amasezerano igasubirana imodoka yayo. [25] Ku bijyanye n’indishyi KAYIGAMBA Charles asaba, Me RUTEMBESA Phocas mu myanzuro yakoreye AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd isubiza ubujurire bwa KAYIGAMBA Charles, avuga ko umucamanza mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi yasanze indishyi KAYIGAMBA Charles yasabaga zidakwiye, izo yahawe zikaba zarabazwe ziherewe kuwa 15/06/2011 kugeza kuwa 03/09/2011 umunsi wa nyuma yishyuriyeho n’ubwo AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd katabyemera, ko rero adashobora kwaka indishyi kugera mu kwa 12 kandi nawe aziko aheruka kwishyura 03/09/2011.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [26] Urukiko rurasanga KAYIGAMBA Charles yarashyikirijwe imodoka kuwa 01/06/2011 anishyura 1.000.000 Frw y’insigarira (valeur résiduelle) nkuko byasobanuwe haruguru. [27] Urukiko rurasanga kuwa 07/07/2011, 03/08/2011 no kuwa 01/09/2011 KAYIGAMBA Charles yaragiye yishyura 250.000 Frw buri kwezi nk’uko amasezerano yagiranye na AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd yabiteganyaga. [28] Urukiko rurasanga kuwa 14/06/2011, AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd karandikiye KAYIGAMBA Charles kamusaba gutanga imodoka igakoreshwa mu kwerekana imodoka zigomba kugurirwa abayobozi, nawe yemera kuyitanga kugira ngo ikoreshwe muri icyo gikorwa yizeye ko izamugarukira. [29] Urukiko rurasanga kuwa 15/06/2011, AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd karongeye kwandikira KAYIGAMBA Charles kamumenyesha ko kishubije imodoka, ko kandi kiteguye kumusubiza amafaranga yatanze mu gihe agiteregeje guhabwa indi modoka yo mu bwoko bwa RAV 4, nawe asubiza ko atabyemera kubera ko n’ubwo ari inyungu z’akazi, akimara gufata iyo modoka hari izindi nshingano yahise afata ko kandi agomba kuzubahiriza. [30] Ingingo ya 12 y’Itegeko nº 06/2005 ryo kuwa 03/06/2005 rishyiraho amategeko agenga ibikorwa by’ikodeshagurisha n’ibisabwa mu mirimo y’ikodeshagurisha, iteganya ko «Iseswa ry’amasezerano y’ikodeshagurisha rishobora gusabwa hakurikijwe igitabo cya Gatatu cy’Urwunge rw’Amategeko Mbonezamubano. Rishobora no guturuka ku ngingo

ziteganyijwe mu masezerano y’ikodeshagurisha», naho ingingo ya 33 yo mu gitabo cya gatatu cy’urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano igateganya ko “Amasezerano akozwe neza abera itegeko abayagiranye akaba ashobora guseswa ari uko babyumvikanyeho cyangwa ku mpamvu zemewe n’amategeko, ko kandi agomba kubahirizwa nta buryarya”. [31] Ingingo ya 2 agace ka (f) y’amasezerano AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd kagiranye na KAYIGAMBA Charles, iteganya ko nananirwa kwishyura bikarenga iminsi 60, AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd kazisubiza imodoka kandi ntacyo KAYIGAMBA Charles azabaza ku mafaranga yishyuye, kuko azafatwa nk’ubukode.

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[32] Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rurasanga nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwabibonye, AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd karasheshe amasezerano mu buryo budakurikije amategeko, kubera ko kayasheshe katabyumvikanyeho na KAYIGAMBA Charles kandi nta n’impamvu yumvikana yemewe n’amategeko katanze cyangwa se ngo kagaragaze niba hari inshingano ziteganyijwe mu masezerano KAYIGAMBA Charles atubahirije, bityo kakaba kagomba kubimuhera indishyi kuko katagaragaza ikosa yaba yarakoze nko kuba yarananiwe kwishyura nkuko biteganijwe mu masezerano bagiranye. [33] Urukiko rurasanga, nubwo amasezerano yabaye hagati ya KAYIGAMBA Charles na AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd ari ay’ikodeshagurisha, amafaranga yari amaze kwishyura agomba kuyasubizwa yose kubera ko iseswa ry’amasezerano ritatewe n’impamvu ziturutse kuri KAYIGAMBA Charles zivugwa mu masezerano, kandi akaba ataratunze iyo modoka muri icyo gihe cyose yishyuriye uretse icyumweru kimwe yayimaranye, ni ukuvuga ko agomba gusubizwa 1.000.000 Frw ya nsigarira (valeur résiduelle) n’AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd kakaba kemera ko yayasubizwa, na 750.000 Frw y’ubwishyu bw’amezi 3 yari yaratanze. [34] Kubyerekeranye n’amafaranga asaba y’igihombo avuga yagize, Urukiko rurasanga KAYIGAMBA Charles yarishyuye amezi 3 y’ubugure nguzanyo ariko muri ayo mezi 3 akaba atarigeze ayitunga kuko AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd kahise kayisubiza bityo akaba yaragize igihombo muri icyo

gihe cyose, akaba agomba kubihererwa indishyi, zibariwe ariko kuri 30.000 Frw ku munsi agenwe mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko hakurikijwe ibiciro biri ku isoko, zikaba zihwanye n‘igihe cy’ayo mezi 3 yishyuye, aho kuba kugeza igihe imodoka azayisubirizwa nkuko abisaba mu bujurire, ni ukuvuga ko agomba guhabwa 30.000 Frw x iminsi 90= 2.700.000 Frw. [35] Urukiko rurasanga kandi, kuba AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd karasheshe amasezerano mu buryo budakurikije amategeko, kubera ko kayasheshe katabyumvikanyeho na KAYIGAMBA Charles, kagomba kubimuhera indishyi hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 81 y’itegeko nº 45/2001 ryo kuwa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano5, Urukiko mu bwitonzi bwarwo rukaba rumugeneye 2.000.000 Frw kuko 15.000.000 Frw ari menshi. [36] Urukiko rurasanga kandi KAYIGAMBA Charles yaragize ibyo atakaza mu gukurikirana uru rubanza bityo akaba agomba kubisubizwa na AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd kuko ariyo yabaye nyirabayazana y’uru rubanza hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 258 CCLIII, bityo akaba agenewe 700.000 Frw akubiyemo igihembo cy’avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza agenenwe mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko kubera ko ayo asaba ari umurengera. [37] Urukiko rurasanga AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd kagomba guha KAYIGAMBA Charles yose hamwe 7.150.000 Frw. ► Kumenya niba KAYIGAMBA Charles agomba gusubizwa imodoka no gukora ihererekanya mutungo kugira ngo imwandikweho [38] Me IDAHEMUKA Tharcisse avuga ko uwo aburanira yarenganye cyane kubera ko Urukiko rwemeje ko AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd kishe amasezerano, kagacibwa indishyi gusa nyamara Urukiko rwaragombaga gutegeka ko imodoka imwandikwaho, ntinamusubize 5 Iyo ngingo iteganya ko “kwica amasezerano yose bitanga uburenganzira ku ndishyi zishingiye ku nshingano zo gukora igisabwa zitararangira“.

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amafaranga y’ubukode, bikaba bitumvikana ukuntu AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd kajya kagurisha imodoka karangiza kakongera kuyambura nyirayo. [39] Me BUZAYIRE Angèle we avuga ko KAYIGAMBA Charles adashobora gukorerwa ihererekanyamutungo kubera ko atigeze arangiza inshingano ze, nawe ubwe akaba yemera ko yishyuye kugeza mu kwa 12 gusa nyamara yaragombaga kwishyura mu gihe kingana n’amezi 48, akaba kandi atarahise yishyura mu minsi 60 nk’uko byari biteganyijwe mu masezerano yagiranye na AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd nyuma y’uko amasezerano ye y’akazi yari amaze guseswa.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [40] Mu masezerano impande zombi zagiranye kuwa 31/05/2011, mu ngingo ijyanye n’imiterere y’amasezerano mu gace kayo ka (i) na (j), bumvikanye ko imodoka ikomeza kuba iya AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd kugeza igihe KAYIGAMBA Charles azarangiriza kwishyura umwenda wose, ko kandi ibijyanye n’ihererekanyamutungo bizakorwa nyuma y’uko umwenda wose urangiye bikabanza kandi kwemerwa na AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd ku buryo bweruye. [41] Urukiko rurasanga kandi nyuma y’uko AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd kisubije imodoka, kuwa 24/10/2011 amasezerano y’akazi KAYIGAMBA Charles yari afitanye na AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd yarasheshwe, bivuze ko yagombaga kuba yarangije gutanga agaciro k’imodoka yose mu gihe cy’iminsi 60 ikurikira iseswa ry‘amasezerano y’akazi bitaba ibyo, AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd kakisubiza imodoka yako nkuko amasezerano bagiranye abivuga, amafaranga KAYIGAMBA Charles yari amaze gutanga, akaba atagomba gufatwa nk’ay’ubukode bw’iyo modoka nkuko ingingo ya 2 agace ka g) y’amasezerano ibivuga 6, bityo akaba ntaho yahera asaba gusubizwa imodoka mu gihe azi neza ko mu masezerano, yagombaga kumwandikwaho ari uko amaze kurangiza kwishyura amafaranga y’ikiguzi cyayo, byongeye kandi n’imodoka ikaba itarigeze imwandikwaho nk’uko amasezerano yabiteganyaga, akaba atakiri n‘umukozi wa AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd, cyangwa ngo agaragaze niba yarishyuye agaciro k’iyo modoka mu

gihe kitarenze iminsi 60 nk’uko amasezerano yabo yabiteganyaga. C. Kubyerekeye ubujurire bwa AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd [42] Me BUZAYIRE Angèle uburanira AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd avuga ko ubujurire bwayo bushingiye ku kuba mu gace ka 25 urupapuro rwa 6 rw’urubanza rwajuririwe, umucamanza yarafashemo ibyemezo bibiri byivuguruza kuko hamwe yemeje ko KAYIGAMBA Charles atagomba guhabwa 21.350.000 Frw abazwe kuri 80.000Frw buri munsi kuko kwaba ari ukwikungahaza nta mpamvu cyane cyane ko atishyuye amafaranga y’ubugure bushingiye ku nguzanyo mu gihe cy’amezi 48 yari asigaye, hanyuma muri ako gace kandi, akisubiraho ku cyemezo yari amaze gufata maze akagenera KAYIGAMBA Charles 6.340.000 Frw ngo ashingiye ku ngingo ya 86 y’itegeko rigenga amasezerano, ahubwo hari gushingirwa ku ya 84 y’iryo tegeko aho iteganya ko:”uruhande rumwe rudashobora gusaba urundi ruhande kurangiza 6 En cas de résiliation du contrat de travail de l’agent, le véhicule sera saisi et le montant de paiements effectués ne sera pas réclamé, il sera retenu à titre de location. Cependant si l’acheteur paye la somme restante endéans de 60 jour à partir du jour de la résiliation pour apurer le crédit , le véhicule lui reviendra.

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inshingano zarwo rutabanje gukora ibyo rwasabwaga by’ingenzi mu gihe hari inshingano magirirane. [43] Akomeza avuga ko umucamanza agena ayo mafaranga, yabifashe nk‘aho imodoka ari iya KAYIGAMBA Charles, ariko nk’uko byari byarumvikanyweho, imodoka no mu gihe yari iri mu maboko ya KAYIGAMBA Charles, yagumye kuba ari iya AKAGERA BUSINESS Group LTD, ariko yanditseho, ko kugira ngo afatwe nka nyir’imodoka anabashe gusaba ubukode, yagombagaga kuba yarubahirije ibisabwa mu ngingo ya 2 agace ka (g) igika cya 2 y’amasezerano yo kuwa 31/05/2011. Arangiza asaba ko KAYIGAMBA Charles nta ndishyi zibariwe kuri 80.000 Frw ku munsi akwiye. [44] Me IDAHEMUKA Tharcisse uburanira KAYIGAMBA Charles we avuga ko umucamanza nta makosa yigeze akora kubera ko yasuzumye ibintu bibiri bijyanye n’indishyi z’akababaro n’igihombo KAYIGAMBA Charles yatewe hashingiwe ku byari bimaze kwemezwa mu gika cya 18-25 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, ko igihombo KAYIGAMBA Charles yagize cyari gisobanutse naho ku birebana n’amafaranga y’ikiguzi cy’imodoka birumvikana ufashe 12.000.000 Frw ukagabanya 48 wasanga ari 250.000 Frw buri kwezi. [45] Asoza avuga ko ntawabazwa kuzuza inshingano mu gihe undi atazujuje, KAYIGAMBA Charles akaba yararangije ize za ngombwa akaba rero yarahawe indishyi hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 258 y‘igitabo cya gatatu cy’urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano, ko kuvuga ko imodoka itanditse kuri KAYIGAMBA Charles, bikaba bitaba impamvu yo kutamuha amafaranga yagombaga gukorera kubera ko kwandika ku kintu ari ingaruka yo kugura no kugurisha, ko kandi AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd nako ubwako mu butumwa kandikiranaga na KAYIGAMBA Charles, kemera ko imodoka ari iye.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [46] Ingingo ya 81 y’itegeko nº 45/2001 ryo kuwa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano iteganya ko kwica amasezerano yose bitanga uburenganzira ku ndishyi zishingiye ku nshingano zo gukora igisabwa zitararangira. Na none ingingo ya 258 y‘igitabo cya gatatu cy’urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano igatenganya ko igikorwa cyose cy’umuntu cyangirije undi gitegeka nyiri ugukora ikosa rigikomokaho kuriha ibyangiritse. [47] Urukiko rurasanga nk’uko byaragaragajwe muri uru rubanza, AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd karasheshe amasezerano y’ikodeshagurisha kari gafitanye na KAYIGAMBA Charles mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, kuba rero karaciwe indishyi nta kosa ryakozwe. [48] Kuvuga ko KAYIGAMBA atari guhabwa indishyi z’ikintu kitari icye, Urukiko rurasanga nabyo nta shingiro bifite kubera ko n’ubwo imodoka yari iya AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd, hashingiwe ku masezerano bari baragiranye, KAYIGAMBA Charles yari yemerewe kuyikoresha akayibyaza umusaruro akitwara nka nyirayo( jouissance) , ko icyo atari yemerewe, ni ukuyigurisha cyangwa kuyitanga mu buryo ubwo ari bwose, ibi bikaba ari nabyo byemezwa

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n’umuhanga mu mategeko Jérôme Huet mu gitabo cyitwa Les Principaux contrats spéciaux, 2e édition ku rupapuro rwa 11317. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [49] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa KAYIGAMBA Charles bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe; [50] Rwemeje kwakira ubujurire bwa AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd rubusuzumye busanga nta shingiro bufite; [51] Rwemeje ko urubanza nº RCOM 0205/12/HCC rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi kuwa 28/11/2012 ruhindutse ku bijyanye n’indishyi zigomba guhabwa KAYIGAMBA Charles; [52] Rutegetse AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd gusubiza KAYIGAMBA Charles 1.000.000 Frw ya nsigarira (valeur résiduelle), kakamusubiza na 750.000 Frw y’ubwishyu bw’amezi 3 yari yaratanze; [53] Rutegetse kandi AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd kumuha 2.700.000 Frw y’igihombo yagize, 2.000.000 Frw y’indishyi, na 700.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n‘igihembo cy’avoka, yose hamwe akaba (1.000.000 Frw +750.000 Frw +2.700.000 Frw +2.000.000 Frw +700.000 Frw) =7.150.000 Frw; [54] Rutegetse AKAGERA BUSINESS Group Ltd gutanga amagarama y’urubanza angana na 18.000 Frw. 7 Même si cela demeure un bail , la durée de la jouissance concédée , en pratique , fait qu’on est proche, d’une vente : l’utilisateur se voit assuré le bénéfice économique de l’usage du bien pendant sa durée de vie effective.