KAYIGEMA v UWARUDAHUNGA N’ABANDI

# KAYIGEMA v UWARUDAHUNGA N’ABANDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2020-02-17 - Case/document no.: RCOMAA 00089/2019/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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KAYIGEMA v UWARUDAHUNGA N’ABANDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RCOMAA 00089/2019/CA (Kanyange, P.J., Mukandamage, Munyangeri, J.) 17 Gashyantare 2020] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza – Inzitizi – Kutakira ubujurire - Ibirego bigamije gutesha agaciro cyamunara bitangwa kandi bikaburanishwa mu bihe by’ibirego byihutirwa, nubwo bwose biba ari ibirego byihagije, ni ukuvuga bidafite ibindi birego bishamikiyeho. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, Kayigema arega Uwadarudahunga, COCEBANQUE Ltd na RDB, asaba gukuraho icyemezo cy’Umwanditsi Mukuru cyemeza cyamunara yakozwe ku wa 13/07/2017. Urukiko rwemeje ko cyamunara yakozwe ku wa 13/07/2017 ku mutungo UPI: 1/02/08/03/776 itagomba guseswa kuko yabaye mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. Urega yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi avuga ko mbere ya cyamunara hagombaga kubanza guseswa amasezerano y’umwenda, bakajya mu bukemurampaka nk’uko bikubiye mu masezerano. Anavuga ko kandi atigeze ahabwa kopi igaragaza uwegukanye ingwate bityo ko ari impamvu yo gusesaa cyamunara. Urukiko rwasanze ubujurire bwe budafite ishingiro, ajuririra icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire. Mbere y’iburanisha mu mizi, abaregwa batanze inzitizi yo kutakira ubujurire kuko Kayigema atubahirije ibihe byo kujurira. Urukiko rwasuzumye ikibazo cyo kumenya niba ubujurire bwa Kayigema Anicet butagomba kwakirwa kuko yabutanze akererewe. Abaregwa bavuga ko ubujurire butagomba kwakirwa kuko bwatanzwe nyuma y’iminsi itatu (3) iteganywa n’amategeko dore ko urubanza rwasomwe ku wa 24/10/2019, ajurira ku wa 23/11/2019, hashize ukwezi kose, ko rero ubujurire bwe butagomba kwakirwa. Uwunganira Kayigema, yaje kutaburana, bituma urubanza ruburanishwa adahari harebwa ibyashyizwe muri dosiye ye. Kuri iyi ki kibazo, mu myanzuro ye Kayigema ntiyigeze avuga ku byo kutakira ubujurire. Incamake y’icyemezo: Ibirego bigamije gutesha agaciro cyamunara bitangwa kandi bikaburanishwa mu bihe by’ibirego byihutirwa, nubwo bwose biba ari ibirego byihagije, ni ukuvuga bidafite ibindi birego bishamikiyeho. Ubujurire, ntabwo bwakiriwe. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 111, 188, 260, 280. Imanza zifashishijwe: RCOMAA 00012/2019/CA, NZITONDA v COGEBANQUE Ltd n’abandi, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 09/12/2019;

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RCOMAA 00072/2019/CA, M LINE PETRO STATION Ltd v Bimenyimana Eric n’abandi, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 24/01/2020. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, Kayigema Anicet arega Uwarudahunga Joséphine, COCEBANQUE Ltd na RDB, asaba gukuraho icyemezo cy’Umwanditsi Mukuru cyemeza cyamunara yakozwe ku wa 13/07/2017. Mu mikirize y’urubanza Nº RCOM 01065/2018/TC, Urukiko rwemeje ko cyamunara yakozwe ku wa 13/07/2017 ku mutungo UPI: 1/02/08/03/776 itagomba guseswa kuko yabaye mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, rutegeka Kayigema Anicet guha Uwarudahunga Joséphine, COCEBANQUE Ltd, buri wese 100.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza na 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka. [2] Kayigema Anicet yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, avuga ko mbere ya cyamunara hagombaga kubanza guseswa amasezerano y’umwenda, hakanubahirizwa uburenganzira bwe bwo kwiyambaza ubukemurampaka bugasuzuma ikibazo afitanye na Banki, ndetse ko kuba atarahawe kopi y’inyandiko itanga uburenganzira ku wegukanye ingwate kugeza ayiyandikishijeho, ari impamvu yo gusesa cyamunara. [3] Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwaciye urubanza Nº RCOMA 00652/2018/CA ku wa 24/10/2019, rwemeza ko ubujurire bwa Kayigema Anicet nta shingiro bufite, rumutegeka kwishyura Uwarudahunga Joséphine na GOGEBANQUE Ltd, buri wese 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka, rwemeza ko imikirize y’urubanza Nº RCOM 01065/2018/TC idahindutse. [4] Kayigema Anicet ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza arujuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 23/11/2019, avuga ko hari ibyirengagijwe mu rwego rw’amategeko bimwambura uburenganzira. [5] Iburanisha ry’urubanza ryagombaga kuba ku itariki ya 27/01/2020, ariko uwo munsi ntirwaburanishwa kuko uwunganiraga Kayigema Anicet yivanye mu rubanza, rwimurirwa ku wa 05/02/2020, uwo munsi ugeze nabwo ntirwaburanishwa kubera ko Kayigema Anicet n’ubundi yitabye adafite umwunganira, asobanura ko nubwo hari uwo babashije kuvugana uzamwunganira, atarabona ubushobozi kugira ngo atangire imirimo, ko kandi ashaka kujya kureba umwana we wagiriye impanuka muri Amerika. Iburanisha ryimuriwe ku wa 12/02/2020 mu rwego rwo kubahiriza cyane cyane uburenganzira bwo kunganirwa, ariko Urukiko rwemeza ko Kayigema Anicet agomba kumenyesha Avoka we ko nta yindi mpamvu izatuma ryongera kwimurwa. [6] Ku itariki ya 12/02/2020 Kayigema Anicet yitabye Urukiko yunganiwe na Me Niyomugabo Christophe, RDB idahagarariwe kandi yarasize isinyiye itariki, COGEBAQUE Ltd ihagarariwe na Me Kayitare Serge afatanyije na Me Munyangabe Henri Pierre, naho Uwarudahunga Joséphine ahagarariwe na Me Bimenyimana Eric. Me Niyomugabo Christophe yahise abwira Urukiko ko atiteguye kuburana kuko atari yasoma dosiye neza, naho Kayigema Anicet avuga ko mu mugoroba ubanziriza umunsi w’iburanisha aribwo yarebye Me Niyomugabo Christophe uzamwunganira, akaba asaba Urukiko ko rwamuha undi munsi wo kuburana.

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[7] Urukiko rwibukije icyemezo cyafashwe mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 05/02/2020, rwemeza ko iburanisha ritakongera kwimurwa, cyane cyane ko ntacyari kubuza Me Niyomugabo Christophe gutegura ikibazo cyagombaga kuburanwaho cy’inzitizi yo kutakira ubujurire. Nyuma yo kubona ko Me Niyomugabo Christophe yahisemo kutaburana, Urukiko rwamusabye kwicara, runamenyesha Kayigema Anicet ko ataburana atunganiwe nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 85 y’Itegeko nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza mbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi. [8] Uburanira Uwarudahunga Joséphine hamwe n’ababuranira COGEBAQUE Ltd basabye ko hashingirwa ku ngingo ya 54 y’Itegeko nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru urubanza rukaburanishwa, rukazafatwa nkaho rwaburanishijwe uwajuriye ahari, Urukiko rurabyemera, hasuzumwa inzitizi yo kutakira ubujurire bwa Kayigema Anicet yatanzwe n’abaregwa mu bujurire.

II. IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYACYO

Kumenya niba ubujurire bwa Kayigema Anicet butagomba kwakirwa kuko yabutanze akererewe. [9] Ababuranira COGEBAQUE Ltd bavuga ko ingingo ya 260 y’Itegeko nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ivuga ko ibirego bisaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara cyangwa kuyihagarikisha, bitangwa bikanaburanishwa mu bihe by’ibirego byihutirwa, irebewe hamwe n’iya 188, igika cya kabiri y’iryo Tegeko, ivuga ko kujuririra icyemezo ari iminsi itarenze itatu (3) y’akazi uhereye ku munsi icyemezo cyasomeweho cyangwa ababuranyi bakimenyeyeho, basanga Kayigema Anicet yarajuriye akererewe, kuko urubanza rwasomwe ku wa 24/10/2019, ajurira ku wa 23/11/2019, hashize ukwezi kose, ko rero ubujurire bwe butagomba kwakirwa. [10] Uburanira Uwarudahunga Joséphine nawe avuga ko ubujurire bwa Kayigema Anicet bwakererewe, kuko nubwo urubanza rwatangiye atari ikirego cyihutirwa (référé), yagombaga kubahiriza ingingo ya 280 y’Itegeko nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru iteganya ko ku manza zikiburanishwa mu nkiko igihe iri tegeko ritangiye gukurikizwa, ziburanishwa mu buryo bukurikije iri Tegeko, ko kandi hari n’imanza nyinshi zaciwe n’uru Rukiko muri ubwo buryo zemeje ko ubujurire ku birego biburanishwa mu buryo bw’ibirego byihutirwa butangwa mu bihe biteganyirijwe ibirego byihutirwa (référés). [11] Kuri iki kibazo cy’ibihe by’ijurira, dosiye (IECMS) igaragaza ko ntacyo Kayigema Anicet yakivuzeho, kuko yavuze gusa ku birebana n’ububasha bw’Urukiko.

Uko Urukiko rubibona

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[12] Ingingo ya 260, igika cya 5, y’Itegeko nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza mbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko "ibirego bivugwa muri iyi ngingo bitangwa bikanaburanishwa mu bihe nk’iby’ibirego byihutirwa". Ku birebana n’ubujurire bw’ibirego byihutirwa, ingingo ya 188, igika cya kabiri, y’Itegeko rimaze kuvugwa iteganya ko ‘’Igihe cyo kujuririra icyemezo ni iminsi itarenze itatu (3) y’akazi uhereye ku munsi icyemezo cyasomeweho cyangwa ababuranyi bakimenyeyeho’’. Na none, ingingo ya 280 y’Itegeko rimaze kuvugwa, iteganya ko ‘’ Imanza zikiburanishwa mu nkiko igihe iri tegeko ritangiye gukurikizwa, ziburanishwa mu buryo bukurikije iri tegeko ariko ntacyo rihinduye ku mihango y’iburanisha yakozwe mbere y’uko ritangazwa’’. [13] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko ikirego cyatanzwe mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 16/07/2018 cyari "Gukuraho icyemezo cy’Umwanditsi Mukuru cyemeza cyamunara yakozwe ku wa 13/07/2017 mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko ku mutungo UPI 1/02/08/03/776, Gutesha agaciro cyamunara yakozwe ku wa 13/07/2016", iki kirego kikaba gishyirwa mu birego byihutirwa hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 260 y’Itegeko rivuzwe haruguru. [14] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza kandi ko nubwo cyamunara yakozwe ku wa 13/07/2017, igihe hakurikizwaga Itegeko nº 21/2012 ryo ku wa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi rya kera ryo mu mwaka wa 2012, imanza zaciwe n’inkiko zabanje zatangiye hakurikizwa Itegeko rishya Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 yibukijwe haruguru kuko ikirego cyatanzwe mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 16/07/2018, urubanza rucibwa tariki ya 11/09/2018. [15] Urukiko rurasanga hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo za 260 na 280 zavuzwe haruguru, ubujurire bwa Kayigema Anicet bugomba kubahiriza ibihe byateganyijwe ku birego byihutirwa, ni ukuvuga igihe giteganywa n’ingingo ya 188, igika cya kabiri, y’Itegeko nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru., [16] Kopi y’urubanza rujuririrwa igaragaza ko rwaciwe ku wa 24/10/2019, kandi dosiye ikagaragaza ko Kayigema Anicet yarujuririye ku wa 23/11/2019, bivuze ko hagati y’igihe urubanza rwaciriwe n’igihe Kayigema Anicet yajuririye, hari hashize iminsi 30, mu gihe ingingo ya 188, igika cya 2, y’Itegeko nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru iteganya igihe cy’iminsi itatu (3) y’akazi, bikaba rero byumvikana ko Kayigema Anicet yarengeje igihe cyo kujurira kandi akaba atagaragariza uru Rukiko impamvu itigobotorwa yaba yaramubujije kujurira mu bihe biteganywa n’itegeko, bityo ubujurire bwe bukaba budakwiye kwakirwa kuko bwatanzwe impitagihe. [17] Iby’uko ubujurire ku birego byo gutesha agaciro cyamunara bugomba kubahiriza igihe giteganywa n’ingingo ya 188, igika cya 2, y’Itegeko nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, byanemejwe no mu zindi manza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, nk’urubanza N° RCOMAA 00012/2019/CA rwaciwe ku wa 09/12/2019 haburana Nzitonda Kiyengo, COGEBANQUE Ltd, Higiro Martin, Umwanditsi Mukuru muri RDB na Gashema Félicien, n’urubanza Nº RCOMAA 00072/2019/CA rwaciwe ku wa 24/01/2020 haburana M LINE PETRO STATION Ltd, Bimenyimana Eric, Umwanditsi mukuru na Cyubahiro Ngarambe Christophe.

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III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [18] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Kayigema Anicet butakiriwe kuko bwatanzwe bukererewe; [19] Rutegetse ko amagarama yatanzwe na Kayigema Anicet ahwanye n’ibyakozwe muri uru rubanza.