KAZORA v MUSABYEMARIYA

# KAZORA v MUSABYEMARIYA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-09-14 - Case/document no.: RRCA00039/2020/HC/RWG - Collection: High Court

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KAZORA vs MUSABYEMARIYA [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU URUGEREKO RWA RWAMAGANA – RCA00039/2020/HC/RWG (Mugeyo P.J.) 14 Nzeli 2023] Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza mbonezamubano – kujurira – Ujurira agomba kugaragaza icyo anenga urubanza ajuririra, iyo ujuriye atabashije kugaragaza icyo anenga urubanza ajuririra aratsindwa. Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza mbonezamubano – kujurira – kutajuririra zimwe mu ngingo zigize urubanza – Zimwe mu ngingo zafashweho icyemezo mu rubanza rujuririrwa ariko zitajuririwe n’umuburanyi zifatwa nkaho yazemeye. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiye Kazora arega Musabyemariya na Twizeyimana mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma asaba Urukiko kubategeka kumukorera ihererekanya (mutation) kubera amasezerano y’ubugure bw’umutungo utimukanwa ufite UPI: 5/01/04/03/ 2490 bakoranye ku wa 03/06/2019 ngo akishyura 60,000,000Frw, yanasabye indishyi zitandukanye. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma mu rubanza RC00150/2019/TGI/NGOMA, rushingiye ku iperereza rwikoreye mu kigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe gutanga indangamuntu(NIDA) no kuba ayo masezerano atarakorewe imbere y’ umukozi ubufitiye ububabasha ndetse no kuba nta kimeneyetso nyakuri kigaragaza ko, ayo mafaranga avugwa ko yayishyuye nyirumutungo koko, rwemejwe ko, ikirego cyatanzwe na Kazora nta shingiro gifite; rwemeza ko, amasezerano y’ubugure yo ku wa Kazora yakoranye na Musabyemariya hamwe na Ntezirizaza Jean wiyise Twizeyimana Lambert ateshejwe agaciro. Rwategetse kandi Musabyemariya gusubiza Kazora 8.000.000Frw; rutegeka Musabyemariya, Kazora na Ntezirizaza kwishyura Twizeyimana indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. Kazora ntiyishimiye imikirize yurwo rubanza arujuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru, avuga ko , nyuma yo kubona ko habayemo uburiganya bwabo baguze umutungo uburanwa , Urukiko gutegeka Musabyemariya na Ntezirizaza kumusubiza amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni mirongo itandatu (60.000.000Frw) yabahaye bagura uwo mutungo bakanategekwa kumwishyura 10% y’inyungu yayo, nyamara ngo Urukiko Rwisumbuye ruvuga ko, nta kimenyetso cy’ibyo aburana yatanze, kandi yarashyikirije urwo Rukiko amasezerano y’ubugure ndetse n’abaregwa ubwabo bakaba bayemera hakaba ngo hari n’ abatangabuhamya babihamya. abaregwa mu bujurire babanje kuzamura inzitizi zitandukanye zirimo iyo kutakira ikirego kuko ikirego cyahinduwe mu rwego rw’ ubujurire; iyo gutegereza ikirego cy’inshinjabyahabyaha gifitanye isano n’iki, niyo gusaba ko, Twizeyimana yitaba Urukiko ku giti cye aho guhagararirwa mu rubanza, izo nzitizi zafashweho ibyemezo urukiko rwemeza ko urubanza rukomeza mu mizi. Musabyemariya avuga ko nta kimenyetso Kazora yatanze cyuko yishyuye 60,000,000Frw, avuga kandi ko nta bugure bwabayeho, ko ahubwo yamugurije amafaranga miliyoni umunani (8.000.000Frw) abyara inyungu mu buryo bwa ‘’Banque Lambert’’, yasabye ko, icyemezo cy’Urukiko kidahinduka.

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Ntezirizaza yireguye avuga ko, atigeze abona aho Musabyemariya na Kazora bahana amafaranga, ko baje ngo ngo asinye mu mwanya Twizeyima utari uhari bamubwira ko, ari abacuruzi basanzwe bahana amafaranga ko icyo bashaka ari ‘’formalites.’’ Uburanira Twizeyimana yiregura avuga ko, nta nenge urega agaragaza zaba ziri mu rubanza yajuririye. Urukiko mu rubanza RCA00039/2020/HC/RWG rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Kazora nta shingiro bufite kuko atabasha kugaragaza icyo anenga urubanza rujuririrwa kandi nta natange ibimenyetso bishimangira ko yatanze 60.000.000Frw avuga ko yishyuye ubutaka buburanwa. Urukiko rwemeje kandi ko kuba amasezerano y’ubugure bw’umutungo uburanwa yarateshejwe agaciro mu rubanza rujuririrwa ariko Kazora ntabijuririre bivuze ko nawe ubwe yemeye ko ayo masezerano adafite agaciro. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Ujurira agomba kugaragaza icyo anenga urubanza ajuririra. Bityo, iyo ujuriye atabashije kugaragaza icyo anenga urubanza ajuririra aratsindwa. 2.Zimwe mu ngingo zafashweho icyemezo mu rubanza rujuririrwa ariko zitajuririwe n’umuburanyi zifatwa nkaho yazemeye. Bityo, iyo mu rubanza rujuririrwa Urukiko rwatesheje agaciro amasezerano umuburanyi ubifitemo inyungu ntabijuririre bifatwa nkaho yemeye ko ayo masezerano ateshwa agaciro. 3. Amasezerano yateshejwe agaciro n’Urukiko afatwa nkatarabayeho. Bityo, ayo masezerano nta n’inyungu agomba kubyara. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, Ingingo ya 12, 150 Imanza zashingiweho: Urubanza RCOMA 00288/2021/HCC, UTO CLINIC MERCEDES SPECIALIST LTD vs AUTO TRANSPORT COMPANY RWANDA (ATC) LTD rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 17 Gicurasi 2022, Urubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00003/2020/SC Nshimiyimana vs Sebutinde na Ciftci Inanc rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kuwa30 Nzeri 2021. Inyandiko z’abahanga zifashishijwe: Jacques FLOUER, Jean – LUC AUBERT na Eric SAVAUX, Droit Civil Les obligations, fait juridique, 12 ème édition, Dalloz, 2007

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Urubanza I.IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uru rubanza rukomoka ku masezerano y’ubugure bw’umutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 5/01/04/03/ 2490 yo ku wa 03/06/2019 yakozwe hagati ya Kazora Steven (umuguzi) na Musabyemariya Valentine na Twizeyimana Lambert(abagurisha) ku giciro cy’amafaranga miliyoni mirongo itandatu, maze ayo masezerano ntiyashyirwa mu bikorwa ngo uwo mutungo wandikwe ku mazina ya Kazora Steven uvuga ko yawuguze, bituma Kazora aregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma asaba ko, hategekwa gukorwa ihererekanya ‘’mutation’’ kuri uwo mutungo ukamwandikwaho anasaba n’indishyi zinyuranye. [2] Tariki ya 10/07/2020, mu rubanza RC00150/2019/TGI/NGOMA, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma rushingiye ku iperereza rwikoreye mu kigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe gutanga indangamuntu(NIDA) no kuba ayo masezerano atarakorewe imbere y’ umukozi ubufitiye ububabasha ndetse no kuba nta kimeneyetso nyakuri kigaragaza ko, ayo mafaranga avugwa ko yatanzwe koko, rwemejwe ko, ikirego cyatanzwe na Kazora Steven nta shingiro gifite; rwemeza ko, ayo masezerano y’ubugure yo ku wa 03/06/2019 yakozwe hagati ya Kazora Steven na Musabyemariya Valentine hamwe na Ntezirizaza Jean wiyise Twizeyimana Lambert ateshejwe agaciro; [3] Muri urwo rubanza na none, hemejwe ko, Kazora Steven atigeze yishyura mu ntoki Musabyemariya Valentine amafaranga angana na miliyoni mirongo itandatu(60.000.000Frw) bagura inzu; hemezwa ko, umutungo wagurishijwe ubaruye kuri UPI: 5/01/04/03/2490 uguma mu maboko ya Musabyemariya Valentine na Twizeyimana Lambert; Musabyemariya Valentine ategekwa gusubiza Kazora Steven amafaranga ye yamuhaye angana na miliyoni umunani (8.000.000Frw); Musabyemariya Valentine, Kazora Steven na Ntezirizaza Jean bategekwa kwishyura Twizeyimana Lambert indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka zikubiye hamwe zingana na miliyoni imwe(1.000.000Frw). [4] Kazora Steven aburanirwa na Me Mberabagabo Ruvumbura hamwe na Me Ruturwa Rumande yajuririye urwo rubanza muri uru Rukiko, ikirego yandikwa kuri RCA00039/2020/HC/RWG, naho Musabyemariya Valentine na Ntezirizaza Jean biburanira Twizeyimana Lambert aburanirwa na Me Umuhoza Beatrice urubanza ruburanishwa mu ruhame. [5] Mbere y’ iburanisha ry’urubanza mu mizi hatanzwe inzitizi : iyo kutakira ikirego bishingiye ku guhindura ikirego mu rwego rw’ ubujurire ; iyo gutegereza ikirego cy’inshinjabyahabyaha bifitanye isano cyaburanishwaga muri uru rukiko ; iyo gusaba ko, Twizeyimana Lambert yitaba Urukiko ku giti cye aho guhagararirwa mu rubanza, izo nzitizi zafatiwe ibyemezo bigaragara muri dosiye y’urubanza, urubanza ruburanishwa mu mizi rurapfundikirwa. [6] Mu myanzuro no mu miburanire yabo Me Mberabagabo Ruvumbura na Me Ruturwa Rumande muri uru Rukiko yasobanuye ko, nyuma yo kubona ko habayemo uburiganya bwabo baguze umutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 5/01/04/03/ 2490, uwo baburanira Kazora Steven yasabye Urukiko ko, rutegeka Musabyemariya Valentine na Ntezirizaza Jean kumusubiza amafaranga y’u

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Rwanda miliyoni mirongo itandatu (60.000.000) yabaye bagura uwo mutungo bakanategekwa kumwishyura 10% y’inyungu y’amafaranga yabahaye uhereye igihe yayabahereye kugeza urubanza ruciwe, nyamara ngo Urukiko Rwisumbuye ruvuga ko, nta kimenyetso cy’ibyo aburana yatanze, kandi yarashyikirije urwo Rukiko amasezerano y’ubugure ndetse n’abaregwa ubwabo bakaba bayemera n’ abatangabuhamya bari bahari bakaba babihamya, basobanura uko ayo mafaranga yayatanze nk’uko babisobanuye mu rwego rwa mbere. [7] Musabyemariya Valentine mu myanzuro yo kwiregura no mu miburanire ye yavuze ko, Urukiko rwikoreye iperereza ku havugwa ko haguzwe n’ abanyiraho rusanga ibyo Kazora aburanisha nta kuri kurimo, nta kimenyetso ko yigeze atanga amafaranga aburana, agaciro k’ikibanza UPI: 5/01/04/03/ 2490 ari 5.400.000Frw, yanasobanuye ko ntabugure bwabayeho, ko ahubwo yamugurije amafaranga miliyoni umunani abyara inyungu mu buryo bwa ‘’Banque Lambert’’, ko ibyo byose Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwabibonye, yasabye ko, icyemezo cy’Urukiko kidahinduka. [8] Ntezirizaza Jean yireguye avuga ko, atigeze abona aho Musabyemariya Valentine na Kazora Steven bahana amafaranga, ko baje ngo ngo asinye mu mwanya Twizeyimana Lambert utari uhari bamubwira ko, ari abacuruzi basanzwe abahana amafaranga ko icyo bashaka ari ‘’formalites’’. [9] Me Umuhoza Beatrice uburanira Twizeyimana Lambert yiregura avuga ko, nta nenge urega agaragaza zaba ziri mu rubanza yajuririye, ko urwo Rukiko rwemeje ko, ariya masezerano yiswe ay'ubugure ari impfabusa kandi Kazora Steven n’ abo bakoranye ayo masezerano bemeranya ubwabo ko, bayagiranaga ku mutungo Twizeyimana Lambert asangiye Musabyimana Valentine, ko ibyo barimo ari ubucuruzi bw’amafaranga butemewe. [10] Nyuma y’ impaka kuri izo ngingo zaburanishijwe, Urukiko rugomba gususzuma niba Kazora Steven yasubizwa amafaranga angana na miliyoni mirongo itandatu (60,000.000Frw) n’inyungu zayo za 10%, avuga ko yatanze agura umutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 5/01/04/03/ 2490 II.ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA Ku byerekeye kumenya niba Kazora Steven yasubizwa amafaranga angana na miliyoni mirongo itandatu (60,000.000Frw) n’inyungu zayo za 10%, avuga ko yatanze agura umutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 5/01/04/03/ 2490 [11] Mu bisobanuro ku ngingo yo gusaba gusubizwa amafaranga angana na miliyoni mirongo itandatu (60,000.000Frw), Kazora Steven n’abamuburanira mu miburanire yabo basobanuye ko, ayo mafaranga baburana ari ikiguzi cy’umutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 5/01/04/03/ 2490, ayo mafaranga yishyuwe Musabyemariya Valentine hamwe na Ntezirizaza Jean mu buryo bukurikira: amafaranga angana na miliyoni mirongo itanu n’ ebyiri(52.000.000Frw) yishyuwe mu ntoki naho andi miliyoni umunani (8000.000Frw) yishyurwa kuri konti No 002860067655215 muri bk nyuma yo gukora amasezerano y’ubugure hari n’ abatangabuhamya bashyize umukono kuri ayo masezerano. Ko impamvu basabye kuyasubizwa ari uko byaragaragaye ko ibyo bamugurishije bakoresheje uburiganya batanga icyo kirego bashingiye kubiteganywa n’ingingo ya 13 y’itegeko Nº15/2004 ryo kuwa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo.

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[12] Na none mu bisobanuro k’ubujurire bwe Kazora Steven n’abamuburanira basabye inyungu z’ amafaranga miliyoni mirongo itandatu yatanze ku wa 03/06/2019, kugeza ku wa 22/07/2020, zibariwe kuri 10% yose hamwe angana na 83.000.000Frw, azakomeza kubarwa kugeza urubanza ruciwe, izo nyungu bakazishingira ku gihombo yatejwe kubera uburiganya bamukoreye. [13] Musabyimana Valentine kuri ubwo bujurire bwa Kazora Steven yavuze ko, nta shingiro bufite, ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwamubajije ikimenyetso ko yatanze ayo mafaranga arakibura, rwikorerera iperereza rusanga umutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 5/01/04/03/ 2490 avuga ko, yaguze ari ikibanza kitigeze kibamo inzu gifite agaciro ka 5.400.000Frw nk’uko ‘’ experetise yo kuwa 24/02/2020 ibigaragaza, ko Urukiko rwiboneye ko bitashoboka ko, umutungo ufite ako gaciro wagurwa amafaranga angana na miliyoni mirongo itandatu (60,000.000Frw). [14] Yasobanuye na none ko, ayo masezerano atariyo nk’uko Kazora ayavuga, ko ahubwo icyabaye nuko yamugurije amafaranga abyara inyungu mu buryo bwa ‘’Banque Lambert ’’miliyoni umunani yamuhaye mu byiciro bibiri : miliyoni enye n’ ibihumbi magana atanu na miliyoni eshatu n’ ibihumbi magana atanu ayashyira kuri konti ye, ariko mbere yo kuyamuha amusaba ko bandika iyo nyandiko, abari kuri iyo nyandiko yita abatangabuhamya ataribo ahubwo ari ‘’abakomisiyoneri (commissionaires) bamutegetse kubaha miliyoni ebyiri muri ayo amafaranga imwe y’ inyungu indimiliyoni imwe abo bakomisiyoneri na Kazora barayigabanira. Naho ku byereye indishyi avuga ko, ntazo yahabwa kuko ariwe wishoye mu manza ashaka gusarura aho atabibye. Asaba Urukiko kwemeza ko urubanza rwaciwe rugumana agaciro karwo. [15] Ntezirizaza Jean yireguye avuga ko, amasezerano avugwa yasinye ku gapapuro kamwe atanasomye kuko bamwijeje ko ari abacuruzi basanzwe bahana amafaranga, bamusaba kubasinyira mu mwanya wa Twizeyimana Lambert, biganye mu mashuri akaba atuye muri Canada ngo buzuze ‘’formalite’’ gusa kandi nta gihembo bamuhaye naho uko bahanye amafaranga atigeze abibobona. [16] Twizeyimana Lambert uburanirwa na Me Umuhoza Beatrice yireguye avuga ko, ibyo Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwemeje byagumana agaciro kabyo kuko nta nenge urega agaragaza zaba ziri mu rubanza yajuririye, ko urwo Rukiko rwemeje ko, ariya masezerano yiswe ay'ubugure ari impfabusa kandi Kazora Steven n’ abo bakoranye ayo masezerano bemeranya ubwabo ko, bayagiranaga ku mutungo Twizeyimana Lambert asangiye Musabyimana Valentine, akaba atakwitwaza amafuti ye ngo avuge ko yarenganyijwe cyane ko buriya bucuruzi bw'amafaranga yabukoraga azi neza ko bubujijwe n'amategeko. [17] Twizeyimana Lambert uburanirwa na Me Umuhoza Beatrice mu kirego kiregera kwiregura yasabye guhabwa amafaranga miliyoni enyi (4.000.0000Frw) y’ Igihembo cy’Avocat n’amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000Frw) y’ikurikirana-rubanza yo kuri uru rwego. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA Ikigibwaho impaka muri uru rubanza ni ukumenya niba Kazora Steven yasubizwa amafaranga angana na miliyoni mirongo itandatu (60,000.000 Frw) n’inyungu zayo za 10%, avuga ko yatanze agura umutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 5/01/04/03/ 2490

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A. Ku byerekeye kumenya niba Kazora Steven yasubizwa amafaranga angana na 60,000.000 Frw [18] Ingingo ya 150 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi cyane cyane mu gace kayo ka 5o na 6o hagaragazwa ibigomba kuba biri mu umwanzuro w’ubujurire1 bigamije gushyira inshingano yo kugaragaza inenge z’ urubanza rujuririrwa n’ ibisobanuro byazo n’uko zigomba gukosorwa;iyo ngingo na none ihujwe n’ ingingo ya 12 y’ iryo tegeko nayo nayo ishyira umutwaro wo kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’ikiregerwa k’urega2, byumvikana ko iyo urega atabasha kugaragaza icyo anenga urubanza n’amategeko yaba atarubahirijwe, akaba atabasha kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’ibyo avuga ubujurire bwe ntaho bubabushingiye; [19] Ibyo na none bikaba ari nako byasesenguwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi mu rubanza RCOMA00288/2021/HCC, UTO CLINIC MERCEDES SPECIALIST LTD iburana na AUTO TRANSPORT COMPANY RWANDA (ATC) LTD rwaciwe ku wa 17 Gicurasi 2022, aho urwo Rukiko rugira ruti, ‘’Muri uru rubanza byagaragajwe mu bika bibanziriza iki, kuba mu gutanga iyi nzitizi mu bujurire, uwajuriye agaruka kubyo yaburanishije ku rwego rwa mbere, mu kujurira akaba yaragombaga kubahiriza ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 150 mu gace ka 5° n’aka 6° y’itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, isobanura mu buryo butaziguye [...] [20] Mu myanzuro y’ ubujurire no mu miburanire ya Kazora Steven n’abamuburanira bavuze ko, Urukiko rutategetse ko asubizwa amafaranga angana na miliyoni mirongo itandatu (60,000.000Frw), y’ikiguzi cy’umutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 5/01/04/03/ 2490, bahaye Musabyemariya Valentine mu buryo bukurikira: amafaranga angana na miliyoni mirongo itanu n’ ebyiri(52.000.000Frw) yishyuwe mu ntoki naho andi miliyoni umunani (8.000.000Frw) yishyurwa kuri konti No 002860067655215 muri bk nyuma yo gukora amasezerano y’ubugure hari n’ abatangabuhamya bashyize umukono kuri ayo masezerano, ibyo bikaba ari nabyo baburanishije mu rwego rwa mbere mu rubanza yajuririye, nyamara ayo masezerano akaba yarateshejwe agaciro kandi bakaba batabijuririye bivuze ko, nawe ubwe yemeye ko ayo masezerano adafite agaciro nk’uko Urukiko rwabyemeje, gusa akavuga ko,yakorewe uburiganya nyamara ntagaragaze ko, nta ruhare yari afite muri ayo masezerano, akaba kandi atagaraje ikimenyetso cy’ayo 1Ingingo ya 150 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko, ‘’ Ubujurire bukorwa mu buryo bw’umwanzuro utanga ikirego, ugaragaza ibi bikurikira: 1° umwirondoro wuzuye w’ujurira n’uw’uregwa mu bujurire; 2° urubanza rujuririwe n’urukiko rwaruciye; 3° urukiko rwajuririwe; 4° imiterere y’ikibazo mu ncamake; 5° urutonde rw’inenge z’urubanza zisabirwa gukosorwa n’ibindi bibazo bigomba gusuzumwa; 6° ibisobanuro kuri buri nenge cyangwa kuri buri kibazo bigaragaza amakosa yakozwe n’uburyo agomba gukosorwa hashingiwe ku mategeko n’ibimenyetso n’igisabwa urukiko; 7° ibisobanuro ku birego by’inyongera mu gihe ibyo birego bihari. 2 Ingingo ya 12 y’iryo tegeko No 22/2018, iteganya ko, ‘’ Urega agomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’ibyo aregera. Iyo abibuze, uwarezwe aratsinda.’’

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mafaranga aregera (ikimenyetso cy’uko yayatanze) nk’uko yakibajijwe mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye akakibura kugeza ubu akaba ntacyo agaragaza. [21] Uru Rukiko rero, rurasanga nk’uko bimaze gusobanurwa haruguru kuba Kazora Steven atagaragaza inenge ziri mu rubanza ajuririra ngo agaragaze ko amafaranga aburana yayatanze ko, ngo anavuguruze ibyagarajwe ko, ayo mafaranga atigeze atangwa, ubujurire bwe kuri iyo ngingo yo gusubizwa asubizwa amafaranga angana na miliyoni mirongo itandatu (60,000.000Frw), nta shingiro bufite. B. Ku byerekeye inyungu n’ andi mafaranga asabwa muri uru rubanza Ikibazo kigibwaho impaka kuri iyo ngingo n’ukumenya niba inyungu z’amafaranga avugwa mu masezerano yateshejwe agaciro n’indishyi zinyuranye ziyashamikiyeho zatangwa [22] Ikibazo cy’inyungu zishingiye ku masezerano yateshejwe agaciro cyatanzweho umurongo n’ Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC00003/2020/SC, rwaciwe ku wa 30 Nzeri 2021 haburana Nshimiyimana wagiranye amasezerano y’ubugure bw’inzu ku wa 28/12/2014 na Sebutinde, na none yongera kugirana andi masezerano y’ubugure bw’iyo nzu na Ciftci; muri urwo rubanza Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwemeje ko, yaba amasezerano y’ubugure Sebutinde Edouard yakoranye na Ciftci Inanc ndetse nayo Sebutinde Edouard yakoranye na Nshimiyimana Yvon, yose akwiye guteshwa agaciro kuko atujuje ibisabwa ku buryo yafatwa nk’inyandikompamo;[…]; runemeza ko, amasezerano yateshejwe agaciro afatwa nkatarabayeho bityo, akaba nta n’inyungu agomba kubyara; inyungu rero zisabwa ku kuba amasezerano y’ubugure ateshejwe agaciro zikaba ntazikwiye kugenwa. [23] Kazora Steven n’abamuburanira bavuze ko, basabye inyungu z’ amafaranga miliyoni mirongo itandatu yatanze ku wa 03/06/2019, kugeza ku wa 22/07/2020, zibariwe kuri 10% yose hamwe angana na 83.000.000Frw, azakomeza kubarwa kugeza urubanza ruciwe, izo nyungu bakazishingira ku gihombo yatejwe kubera uburiganya bamukoreye; nyamara bakaba ubwabo bemera ko, ayo masezerano yateshejwe agaciro n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye kandi batabijuririye, ibi bikaba bihura n’ ibyatanzweho umurongo n’ Urukiko rw’ Ikrenga muri urwo rubanza, uru Rukiko rukaba rusanga uwo murongo w’uko amasezerano yateshejwe agaciro afatwa nkatarabayeho bityo, akaba nta n’inyungu agomba kubyara, ariwo ugomba gukurikizwa mu ri uru rubanza, bivuze ko izo ndishyi Kazora Steven aregera nta shingiro zifite. [24] Kazora Steven n’abamuburanira na none basabye Urukiko gutegeka Musabyemariya Valentine na Ntezirizaza Jean kumuha igihembo cy’Avoka kingana na miliyoni ebyiri y’u Rwanda (2.000.000Frw) n’andi miliyoni ebyiri y’u Rwanda (2.000.000Frw), hiyongeraho ibihumbi magana atanu y’ikurikiranarubanza kuko bamushoye mu rubanza ku maherere. [25] Ku ruhande rwa Twizeyimana Lambert kuri iyi ngingo yavuze ko, Kazora Steven yiyemereye ko ariya masezerano adakurikije amategeko, akaba yemera mu buryo buziguye ko ikirego cye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye nta shingiro cyari gifite, akaba nta mpamvu afite zo gusaba amafaranga y'igihembo cy’Avoka n'amafaranga y'ikurikiranarubanza. Mu kirego kiregera kwiregura, yasabye gusubizwa amafaranga yatanze y’igihembo cy’ Avoka kingana n’amafaranga

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miliyoni ebyiri (2.000.000Frw) hakiyongeraho ayikurikirana rubanza angana n’ibihumbi magana atanu yu Rwanda (500.000Frw). Ayo mafaranga agatangwa na Kazora Steven. [26] Urukiko rurasanga Twizeyimana Lambert agomba kugenerwa amafaranga y’uRwanda ibihumbi Magana atatu (300.000) akubiyemo magana abiri na mirongo itanu y’ igihembo cy’avoka n’ ibihumbi mirongo itanu (50.000Frw) y’ikurikirana rubanza kuri uru rwego agenwe mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko kuko ayakwa ari ikirenga, kuko yazanywe mu rubanza kuri uru rwego nta mpamvu, akayahabwa na Kazora Steven waregeye uru rubanza muri uru Rukiko, hashingiwe ku ihame riri mu nyandiko z’ abahanga nka Jacques FLOUER, Jean – LUC AUBERT na Eric SAVAUX ivuga ko: “Tout fait quelconque de l’homme qui cause à autrui un dommage, oblige celui par la faute duquel il est arrivé à le réparer3.’’ Mu Kinyarwanda bishatse kuvuga ko : “igikorwa cyose cy’umuntu cyangirije undi gitegeka nyirigukora ikosa rigikomokaho kuriha ibyangiritse”. Naho Kazora Steven akaba ntayo agomba kugenerwa kuko yatsinzwe uru rubanza. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [27] Rwemeje kwakira ubujurire bwa Kazora Steven nyamara bukaba nta shingiro ifite ; [28] Rwemeje ko, RC00150/2019/TGI/NGOMA rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma ku wa 10/07/2020 rudahindutse uretse ku byerekeye indishyi zo kuri uru rwego. [29] Rwemeje ko, amasezerano y’ubugure yo kuwa 03/06/2019 yakozwe hagati ya Kazora Steven na Musabyemariya Valentine ndetse na Ntezirizaza Jean wiyise Twizeyimana Lambert ateshejwe agaciro. [30] Rwemeje ko, Kazora Steven atigeze yishyura cash Musabyemariya Valentine amafaranga angana na miliyoni mirongo itandatu (60.000.000frw) bagura inzu. [31] Rwemeje ko, umutungo wagurishijwe ubaruye kuri UPI: 5/01/04/03/ 2490 uguma mu maboko ya Musabyemariya Valentine na Twizeyimana Lambert. [32] Rutegetse Musabyemariya Valentine gusubiza Kazora Steven amafaranga ye yamuhaye angana na miliyoni umunani (8.000.000Frw). [33] Rutegetse Musabyemariya Valentine, Kazora Steven ndetse na Ntezirizaza Jean kwishyura Twizeyimana Lambert indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya avoka zikubiye hamwe zingana na miliyoni imwe (1.000.000frw) [34] Rutegetse Kazora Steven ndetse kwishyura Twizeyimana Lambert indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka kuri uru rwego zingana n’ibihumbi magana atatu(300.000Frw). [35] Ruvuze ko, ingwate y’ amagarama yatanzwe muri uru rubanza ahwanye n’ibyakozwe. 3 Jacques FLOUER, Jean – LUC AUBERT na Eric SAVAUX, Droit Civil Les obligations, fait juridique, 12 ème édition, Dalloz, 2007, p.97.