KIGALI CITIZENS POLYCLINIC Ltd (KCP Ltd) v MUKANDORI Kankwanzi Alphonsine

# KIGALI CITIZENS POLYCLINIC Ltd (KCP Ltd) v MUKANDORI Kankwanzi Alphonsine

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2022-06-29 - Case/document no.: RCOMAA 00034/2022/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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KIGALI CITIZENS POLYCLINIC Ltd (KCP Ltd) v MUKANDORI Kankwanzi Alphonsine [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RCOMAA 00034/2022/CA (Ngagi, PJ.) 29 Kamena 2022] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’ubucuruzi – Inzitizi ku kutakira ikirego cyihutirwa – Kujuririra icyemezo ku nzitizi yo kutakira ikirego - Umuburanyi utishimiye icyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ku nzitizi yo kutakira ikirego rwashyikirijwe kubera kurenza igihe cyo kujurira, kutagira ububasha, ubushobozi cyangwa inyungu byo kurega ashobora kuba yakijuririra cyonyine mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire kuko ari rwo rukuriye uruba rwafashe icyemezo. Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’ubucuruzi – Kubara ibihe byo kujurira ku birego byihutirwa - Icyemezo ku kirego cyihutirwa kijuririrwa mu minsi itarenze itatu (3) y’akazi. Iyi minsi itatu ibarwa kuva ku munsi icyemezo cyasomeweho ku baburanyi bari bahari mu iburanisha ry’urubanza cyangwa ikabarwa kuva ku munsi ababuranyi bamenyeshejwe icyemezo ku muburanyi utari uhari urubanza ruburanishwa. Incamake y’ikibazo: MUKANDORI Kankwanzi Alphonsine n’abandi bane (4) bashinze KIGALI CITIZENS POLYCLINIC Ltd baba abanyamigabane ndetse n’abakozi bayo batanga serivisi z’ubuvuzi muri iryo vuriro. MUKANDORI K. Alphonsine yasheshe amasezerano y’umurimo y’igihe kitazwi, abwira ubuyobozi bwa KCP Ltd ko azakomeza gukora agengwa n’amasezerano ari hagati y’abanyamigabane bayo, itariki ya 05/01/2022 yemererwa gusesa amasezerano y’akazi, amenyeshwa ko atakiri umukozi wa KCP Ltd, asabwa gusubiza ibikoresho yakoreshaga, abuzwa gusubira aho yakoreraga, gukoresha inyandiko hamwe n’ibindi birango by’iryo vuriro ndetse asabwa no gukora iherekanyabubasha. MUKANDORI K. Alphonsine yatanze ikirego mu bukemurampaka asaba gusuzuma niba amasezerano hagati y’abanyamigane yarubahirijwe n’ibindi, maze atanga ikirego cyihutirwa mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, arusaba guhagarika by’agateganyo ibyemezo yafatiwe mu gihe urubanza rw’ubukemurampaka rutaracibwa. KCP Ltd itanga inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko kuko ikiburanwa gishingiye ku masezerano y’umurimo, ndetse ikaba itarebwa n’amasezerano y’abanyamigabane bayo, bityo isaba kwishyurwa amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. Mu rubanza Nº RCOM 00059/2022/TC, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 25/01/2022 rwemeje ko inzitizi zatanzwe na KCP Ltd zidafite ishingiro, rwemeza ko ikirego Nº RCOM 00059/2022/TC cya Dr. MUKANDORI K. Alphonsine, gifite ishingiro, rwemeza ko ibyemezo byose byamufatiwe ku wa 05/01/2022 bihagaze by’agateganyo kugeza igihe urubanza rw’iremezo ku kirego Dr. MUKANDORI yaregeye Ubukemurampaka ruciriwe mu mizi. KCP Ltd ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, ku wa 28/01/2022 iyijuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, mu iburanisha ry’urubanza N° RCOMA 00083/2022/HCC, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwazamuye inzitizi y’uko KCP Ltd yajuriye ikererewe kuko urubanza ijuririra rwaciwe ku wa 25/01/2022, irujuririra ku wa 28/02/2022, aho kuba ku wa 27/01/2022, maze ruha umwanya ababuranyi kugira ngo bagire icyo babivugako. Urwo Rukiko rwasanze KCP Ltd yaragombaga kujurira bitarenze ku wa 27/01/2022, kuko urubanza yajuririraga rwaciwe ku wa 25/01/2022, rwemeza ko kuba yarajuriye ku wa 28/01/2022, bigaragara ko itubahirije ibihe

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by’ubujurire, maze rwemeza ko ubujurire bwayo butakiriwe, KCP Ltd ntiyishimira icyo cyemezo, maze ikijuririra muri uru rukiko. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Umuburanyi utishimiye icyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko ku nzitizi yo kutakira ikirego rwashyikirijwe kubera kurenza igihe cyo kujurira, kutagira ububasha, ubushobozi cyangwa inyungu byo kurega ashobora kuba yakijuririra cyonyine. 2. Icyemezo ku kirego cyihutirwa kijuririrwa mu minsi itarenze itatu (3) y’akazi ibarwa kuva ku munsi icyemezo cyasomeweho cyangwa kuva ku munsi ababuranyi bakimenyeyeho. Mu yandi magambo iyi minsi itatu ibarwa kuva ku munsi icyemezo cyasomeweho ku baburanyi bari bahari mu iburanisha ry’urubanza cyangwa ikabarwa kuva ku munsi ababuranyi bamenyeshejwe icyemezo ku muburanyi utari uhari urubanza ruburanishwa. Ubujurire bwatanzwe n’ababuranyi bombi nta shingiro bufite Imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe ntihindutse. Amagarama yatanzwe ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 129, 188, 274 na 275. Itegeko N° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, ingingo ya 52. Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza N° RCOMAA 00031/2020/CA; SOTRAPROMETAL Ltd v BANQUE POPULAIRE DU RWANDA Ltd n’UMWANDITSI Mukuru muri RDB, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 25/8/2020. Urubanza Nº RCOM 00001/2019/SC; UMURUNGI Umwizerwa v RRA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 22/02/2019. Urubanza Nº RCOM 00003/2022/CA; TOP TOWER HOTEL Ltd n’abandi v BPR ATLAS MARA Plc, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 11/05/2022. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] MUKANDORI Kankwanzi Alphonsine n’abandi bane (4) bashinze KIGALI CITIZENS POLYCLINIC Ltd baba abanyamigabane ndetse n’abakozi bayo batanga serivisi z’ubuvuzi muri iryo vuriro. MUKANDORI K. Alphonsine yasheshe amasezerano y’umurimo y’igihe kitazwi, abwira ubuyobozi bwa KCP Ltd ko azakomeza gukora agengwa n’amasezerano ari hagati

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y’abanyamigabane bayo, itariki ya 05/01/2022 yemererwa gusesa amasezerano y’akazi, amenyeshwa ko atakiri umukozi wa KCP Ltd, asabwa gusubiza ibikoresho yakoreshaga, abuzwa gusubira aho yakoreraga, gukoresha inyandiko hamwe n’ibindi birango by’iryo vuriro ndetse asabwa no gukora iherekanyabubasha. [2] MUKANDORI K. Alphonsine yatanze ikirego mu bukemurampaka asaba gusuzuma niba amasezerano hagati y’abanyamigane yarubahirijwe n’ibindi, maze atanga ikirego cyihutirwa mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, arusaba guhagarika by’agateganyo ibyemezo yafatiwe mu gihe urubanza rw’ubukemurampaka rutaracibwa. [3] KCP Ltd ivuga ko ibyemezo byafashwe bishingiye ku byo MUKANDORI K. Alphonsine yari yifuje ubwo yasezeraga ku kazi, ariko ko yemerewe kugaruka agakora mu gihe ibibazo bikirimo gukemuka. Ikomeza itanga inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko kuko ikiburanwa gishingiye ku masezerano y’umurimo, ndetse ikaba itarebwa n’amasezerano y’abanyamigabane bayo, bityo isaba kwishyurwa amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. [4] Mu rubanza Nº RCOM 00059/2022/TC, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 25/01/2022 rwemeje ko inzitizi zatanzwe na KCP Ltd zidafite ishingiro, rwemeza ko ikirego Nº RCOM 00059/2022/TC cya Dr. MUKANDORI K. Alphonsine, gifite ishingiro, rwemeza ko ibyemezo byose byamufatiwe ku wa 05/01/2022 bihagaze by’agateganyo kugeza igihe urubanza rw’iremezo ku kirego Dr. MUKANDORI yaregeye Ubukemurampaka ruciriwe mu mizi. [5] KCP Ltd ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, ku wa 28/01/2022 iyijuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, mu iburanisha ry’urubanza N° RCOMA 00083/2022/HCC, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwazamuye inzitizi y’uko KCP Ltd yajuriye ikererewe kuko urubanza ijuririra rwaciwe ku wa 25/01/2022, irujuririra ku wa 28/02/2022, aho kuba ku wa 27/01/2022, maze ruha umwanya ababuranyi kugira ngo bagire icyo babivugako. [6] Mu rubanza N° RCOMA 00083/2022/HCC rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 18/02/2022, urwo Rukiko rushingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 188, igika cya 2, y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi rwasanze KCP Ltd yaragombaga kujurira bitarenze ku wa 27/01/2022, kuko urubanza yajuririraga rwaciwe ku wa 25/01/2022, ko kuba rero yarajuriye ku wa 28/01/2022, bigaragara ko itubahirije ibihe by’ubujurire, maze rwemeza ko ubujurire bwayo butakiriwe. [7] KCP Ltd ntiyishimiye icyo cyemezo cyo kutakira ubujurire bwayo cyafashwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi mu rubanza N° RCOMA 00083/2022/HCC, maze ikijuririra muri uru Rukiko ivuga ko ubujurire bwayo bwagombaga kwakirwa, kuko umunsi igikorwa cyabereyeho utabarwa nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 275 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryibukijwe haruguru, ubujurire bwayo bwandikwa kuri No RCOMAA 00034/2022/CA. [8] Mbere y’uko MUKANDORI K. Alphonsine yiregura ku mpamvu y’ubujurire ya KCP Ltd yatanze inzitizi avuga ko Urukiko rw’Ubujurire nta bubasha rufite bwo kuburanisha mu rwego rwa kabiri ikirego cyihutirwa, ko n’ingingo ya 52, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko N° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko uwajuriye ashingiraho idaha Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ububasha bwo kwakira ubujurire bwa kabiri ku kirego cyihutirwa.

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[9] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 01/06/2022, KCP Ltd ihagarariwe na Me BUTARE Emmanuel, naho MUKANDORI K. Alphonsine yunganiwe na Me BUZAYIRE Angele afatanyije na Me NZABIHIMANA Jean Claude. Kuri uwo munsi hemezwa ko inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire yatanzwe na MUKANDORI KANKWANZI Alphonsine izasuzumirwa hamwe n’impamvu y’ubujurire ya KCP Ltd, urubanza rwimurirwa ku wa 14/06/2022 kugira ngo ababuranyi bagerageze gukemura ikibazo bafitanye mu bwumvikane. Ku wa 14/06/2022 ruburanishwa KCP Ltd ihagarariwe nka mbere, naho MUKANDORI K. Alphonsine yunganiwe na Me RUKANGIRA Emmanuel. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO 1. Kumenya niba ubujurire bwa KIGALI CITIZENS POLYCLINIC Ltd butari mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko [10] MUKANDORI K. Alphonsine n’abamwunganira bavuga ko bashigiye ku ngingo ya 52, igika cya 2, y’Itegeko N° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko basaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kwemeza ko nta bubasha rufite bwo kuburanisha mu rwego rwa kabiri ikirego cyihutirwa, ko n’ingingo ya 52, igika cya mbere, y’itegeko N° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rimaze kuvugwa uwajuriye ashingiraho idaha Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ububasha bwo kwakira ubujurire bwa kabiri ku kirego cyihutirwa, ko n’ingingo 129 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 uwajuriye ashingiraho idahuje kamere n’uru rubanza. [11] Basobanura ko ubujurire bwa KCP Ltd ari ubujurire bwa kabiri kuko urubanza rujuririrwa rwatangiriye mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, ko rero ibyo ivuga ko ubujurire bwayo bushingiye ku ngingo ya 52, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko N° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 ryibukijwe haruguru nta shingiro bigomba guhabwa kuko urubanza rutatangiriye mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi. Bavuga kandi ko ingingo ya 129 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru uwajuriye ashingiraho idahuje kamere n’uru rubanza ruriho ruburanwa kubera ko kwanga kwakirwa kw’ikirego cy’ubujurire bidakwiye kwitiranywa no kwanga kwakira ikirego ku rwego rwa mbere, kuko ibyasuzumwaga muri uru rubanza byasuzumwe mu mizi mu rwego rwa mbere mu rubanza Nº RCOM 00059/2022/TC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 25/01/2022 uwatsinzwe ari we wajuriye yirengagiza ibiteganywa n’amategeko kugira ngo ajurire urubanza rumubana itegeko, bityo ko iyi ngingo ya 129 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru idakwiye gukoreshwa ku bujurire bwa kabiri ku buryo inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego yazamuwe ku rwego rw’ubujurire bwa mbere yafatwa nk’inzitizi yafashwe ku rwego mbere. [12] Bavuga kandi ko iyi nzitizi itatumye ikirego kitakirwa, ko ahubwo ku rwego rwa mbere ikirego cyasuzumwe mu mizi yacyo ababuranyi bose bahari, ko rero bidakwiye gufatwa ko ikirego kitigeze kandi cyarasuzumwe mu mizi yacyo ku rwego rwa mbere. Bavuga kandi ko ingingo ya 188, igika cya 3, y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru ivuga ko ku bijyanye n’ikirego cyihutirwa kijuririrwa inshuro imwe gusa, ko iyi ngingo nayo igaragaza ko uru Rukiko rudafite ububasha, ko rero kubera izo mpamvu zose basanga ubu bujurire butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. [13] Uhagarariye KCP Ltd avuga ko bashingiye ku ngingo ya 52, igika cya 1, y’Itegeko N°30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko iteganya ibikurikira: ‘’Urukiko

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rw’Ubujurire rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha mu rwego rw’ubujurire bwa mbere, imanza zaciwe mu rwego rwa mbere n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi n’Urukiko Rukuru rwa Gisirikare’’, basanga Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha ubu bujurire kubera ko ikijurirwa ari icyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi cyo kutakira ubujurire bwayo, ko atari urubanza mu mizi rujuririrwa, ko kandi iyo nzitizi yo kutakira ubujurire bwa KCP Ltd yaburanishijwe bwa mbere n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi. [14] Avuga kandi ko ingingo ya 129 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 iteganya ibikurikira: “[…] Iyo ari indemyagihugu, nko kurenza igihe cyo kujurira, kutagira ububasha, ubushobozi cyangwa inyungu byo kurega, ishobora kubyutswa n’umuburanyi cyangwa urukiko rubyibwirije igihe icyo aricyo cyose. Icyemezo gifashwe ku mpamvu zituma ikirego kitakirwa gishobora kujuririrwa cyonyine mu gihe icyo cyemezo gifashwe gituma iburanisha rirangirira aho. […]”, ko iyi ngingo nayo itanga uburenganzira bwo kujuririra icyemezo cyafashwe ku nzitizi igihe bigaragaye ko iyo nzitizi yatumye urubanza mu mizi rutaburanishwa, ko kandi Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwabifasheho icyemezo mu rubanza No RCOMA 00005/2021/CA mu gika cya 11- 16, aho rwemeje ko igihe inzitizi ifashwe kandi ituma urubanza rutaburanishwa, icyo cyemezo ku nzitizi gishobora kujuririrwa. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [15] Ingingo ya 129, igika cya mbere kugeza ku cya gatatu, y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ibikurikira: Impamvu ituma ikirego kitakirwa igaragazwa mu myanzuro yo kwiregura. Iyo ari indemyagihugu, nko kurenza igihe cyo kujurira, kutagira ububasha, ubushobozi cyangwa inyungu byo kurega, ishobora kubyutswa n’umuburanyi cyangwa urukiko rubyibwirije igihe icyo aricyo cyose. Icyemezo gifashwe ku mpamvu zituma ikirego kitakirwa gishobora kujuririrwa cyonyine mu gihe icyo cyemezo gifashwe gituma iburanisha rirangirira aho. [16] Ingingo ya 52, igika cya 1, y’Itegeko N° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko iteganya ko ‘’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha mu rwego rw’ubujurire bwa mbere, imanza zaciwe mu rwego rwa mbere n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi n’Urukiko Rukuru rwa Gisirikare”. [17] Urukiko rusesenguye ibikubiye mu ngingo 129 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru rusanga yumvikanisha ko iyo urukiko rufashe icyemezo ku nzitizi yo kutakira ikirego, rukemeza ko rutakiriye ikirego rwashyikirijwe kubera kurenza igihe cyo kujurira, kutagira ububasha, ubushobozi cyangwa inyungu byo kurega, ko icyo cyemezo gishobora kujuririrwa cyonyine. Mu yandi magambo iyi ngingo yemerera umuburanyi utishimiye icyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko cyo kutakira ikirego cy’ubujurire kubera kurenza igihe cyo kujurira kuba yakijuririra cyonyine. [18] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko mbere y’uko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rusuzuma ubujurire rwashyikirijwe na KCP Ltd rwabanje gusuzuma inzitizi rwazamuye ijyanye no kurenza ibihe byo kujurira, maze rufata icyemezo cyo kutakira ubujurire bwa KCP Ltd kuko butubahirije ibihe biteganywa mu ngingo 188 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru.

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Igaragaza kandi ko icyo KCP Ltd ijuririra muri uru Rukiko ari icyo cyemezo cyo kutakira ubujurire bwayo cyafashwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi. [19] Urukiko rurasanga ikijuririrwa muri uru rubanza atari ikirego cyihutirwa cyatanzwe Dr MUKANDORI K. Alphonsine gisaba Urukiko guhagarika by’agateganyo ibyemezo yafatiwe, ahubwo harajuririrwa inzitizi yazamuwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ijyanye no kurenza ibihe byo kujurira. [20] Urukiko rushingiye ku ngingo ya 129 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, cyane cyane mu gika cyayo cya kabiri n’icya gatatu rurasanga KCP Ltd yemerewe kujuririra muri uru Rukiko inzitizi yasuzumwe bwa mbere n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi kuko nta handi iyo nzitizi yarikujuririrwa uretse mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire kuko ari rwo rukuriye urwafashe icyemezo nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya ya 52, igika cya 1, y’Itegeko N°30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko ryibukijwe haruguru . [21] Urukiko rurasanga ibivugwa n’abunganira MUKANDORI K. Alphonsine ko ubujurire bwa KCP Ltd butari mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko kuko ari ubujurire bwa kabiri ku kirego cyihutirwa, nta shingiro bifite kubera ko nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru, ntabwo KCP Ltd ijuririra ikirego cyihutirwa ahubwo ijuririra icyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ku nzitizi yazamuwe n’urwo Rukiko. Urukiko rurasanga na none ibivugwa n’abunganira MUKANDORI K. Alphonsine ko ingingo ya 129 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru itagomba gukoreshwa muri uru rubanza, kuko ku rwego rwa mbere ikirego cyasuzumwe mu mizi yacyo, nta shingiro bigomba guhabwa kuko iyi ngingo mu gika cyayo cya 2, ivuga ibijyanye n’inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego kubera kurenza igihe cyo kujurira, hanyuma mu gika cyayo cya gatatu ikavuga ko icyemezo cyafashwe kuri iyo nzitizi gishobora kujuririrwa cyonyine. 2. Kumenya niba KIGALI CITIZENS POLYCLINIC Ltd yararengeje igihe cyo kujurira mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi [22] Uhagarariye KCP Ltd avuga ko ingingo ya 188, igika cya 2, y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru iteganya ko igihe cyo kujuririra icyemezo ari iminsi itarenze itatu (3) y’akazi uhereye ku munsi icyemezo cyasomeweho cyangwa ababuranyi bakimenyeyeho. Urubanza narwo rucibwa mu gihe kitarenze iminsi itatu (3) y’akazi, naho ingingo ya 275 y’iryo Tegeko, iteganya ko ku bihe bibarwa mu minsi cyangwa mu masaha, bibarwa umunsi ku munsi, n’isaha ku isaha hakurikijwe igihe bimara kandi umunsi igikorwa cyakoreweho ntubarwamo, ahubwo habarwa umunsi wa nyuma kigomba kurangiriraho. [23] Asobanura ko urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 25/01/2022, KCP Ltd ijurira ku wa 28/01/2022, ko iyo ubaze iminsi ukurikije ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 275 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru usanga iminsi itatu iteganyijwe mu ngingo ya 188, igika cya 2, yavuzwe haruguru yarubahirijwe kubera ko umunsi urubanza rwaciriweho utabarwa ahubwo habarwa umunsi ukurikiyeho. Akomeza avuga ko ubaze guhera ku wa 26/01/2022 kugeza ku wa 28/01/2022 usanga harimo iminsi itatu iteganyijwe n’itegeko. Avuga kandi ko kuba ingingo ya 275 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 iteganya ko umunsi

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igikorwa cyakoreweho utabarwa ari kubera ko uwo munsi icyo gikorwa gishobora gukorwa umunsi urangiye. Asobanura ko ku birebana n’uru rubanza inyandikomvugo y’isomwa ry’urubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi yashyizwe muri dosiye saa kumi n’imwe (17:00), ko rero umunsi wari warangiye ari yo mpamvu iminsi itatu yari gutangira kubarwa kuva ku wa 26, umunsi ukurikira umunsi icyemezo cyasomeweho. [24] Avuga kandi ko ingingo ya 188 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 yavuzwe haruguru iteganya ko urubanza narwo rucibwa mu gihe kitarenze iminsi itatu (3) y’akazi, ko iburanisha ry’urubanza rujuririrwa ryabaye ku wa 10/02/2022, maze isomwa ry’urubanza rishyirwa ku itariki ya 15/02/2022, ko ibyo ubwabyo bigaragaza ko Urukiko rwabaze iminsi itatu rutabaze umunsi urubanza rwaburanishirijweho. Asoza avuga ko KCP Ltd itumva impamvu Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwabaze iminsi itatu yo gusoma urubanza rukurikije ingingo ya 275 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018, ariko mu kubara ibihe byo kujurira ntirukurikize ibitanywa muri iyo ngingo, ko rero asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gukosora ayo makosa yakozwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, maze rugakuraho icyemezo cyafashwe n’urwo Rukiko. [25] MUKANDORI K. Alphonsine n’abamwunganira bavuga ko ingingo ya 275 y’itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, uwajuriye ashingiraho idahuye na kamere y’iki kirego kuko ingingo y’umwihariko ikoreshwa mu manza ku birego byihurirwa ari iya 188, igika cya 2, y’itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, ikaba yihagije. Bavuga ko kuba KCP Ltd isobanura ko impamvu yatanze ikirego icyererewe ari uko yashingiye ku ngingo ya 275 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 basanga iminsi itatu igomba kubarwa guhere ku wa 26/02/2022 kubera ko umunsi wa 25/01/2022 urubanza rwasomeweho utagomba kubarwa, nta shingiro byahabwa kuko ingingo ya 188, igika cya 2, iri mu mutwe wa II: “Imiburanishirize y’imanza zisaba ubwihutirwe bwihariye” y’itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, uyu mutwe ubwawo uteganya ko ari imanza zisaba ubwihutirwe, uwo mwihariko (specialite) unareberwa mu bihe byo gutanga ikirego ndetse no kukiburanisha byumvikanisha ko ibijyanye n’ibihe bibigenga ari ibidasanzwe bigomba kwitabwaho hakubahirizwa uko ingingo y’Itegeko ibiteganya. Bakomeza bavuga ko ingingo ya 188, igika cya 2, iteganya ko igihe cyo kujuririra icyemezo ari iminsi itarenze itatu (3) y’akazi uhereye ku munsi icyemezo cyasomeweho cyangwa ababuranyi bakimenyeyeho yumvikanisha ko umunsi igikorwa cyakozwemo ubarwa, ko rero Urukiko rutari gushingira ku ngingo ya 275 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 kandi ingingo ya 188 y’iryo Tegeko ivuga ko iminsi itatu ibarwa kuva ku munsi icyemezo cyasomeweho. [26] Bavuga kandi ko ingingo ya 275 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 uwajuriye ashaka kuyivugisha ibyo itavuga kuko yirengagiza ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 274 y’itegeko No 22/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru iteganya ko: “Usibye mu gihe itegeko ryaba ribiteganya ukundi, ibihe byagenwe mu manza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi bikurikiza amategeko avugwa muri uyu mutwe” Basobanura ko iyi ngingo yashyiriweho irengayobora (exception) kuba umushingamategeko yaravuze ko: “Usibye mu gihe itegeko ryaba ribiteganya ukundi [..], bivuze ko ntaho KCP Ltd yahera yitwaza izindi ngingo zigenga ibihe byo kujurira, kuko yagombaga kubahiriza ibihe biteganywa mu ngingo ya 188, igika 2, kuko ari ingingo yihariye (special). Bavuga ko ibi byumvikanishwa neza n’ihame ryo mu mategeko rivuga ko: La loi spéciale déroge à la loi générale, bikaba bisobanuye ko ingingo ya 188, igika cya 2 ariyo ikurikizwa muri bene izi manza.

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[27] Bakomeza bavuga ko nta kosa Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwakoze ryo gushingira ku ngingo ya 275 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru ku bijyanye n’iminsi yo gufata icyemezo kuko Umushingamategeko atateganyije igihe giherwaho mu kubara iyo minsi itatu. Bityo basaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kwemeza ko ubujurire bwa KCP Ltd bwatanzwe mu buryo no mu nzira zidakurikije amategeko. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [28] Ingingo ya 188, igika cya kabiri, y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi itaganya ibikurikira: “Igihe cyo kujuririra icyemezo ni iminsi itarenze itatu (3) y’akazi uhereye ku munsi icyemezo cyasomeweho cyangwa ababuranyi bakimenyeyeho. Urubanza narwo rucibwa mu gihe kitarenze iminsi itatu (3) y’akazi”. [29] Ingingo ya 274 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru iteganya ibikurikira: Usibye mu gihe itegeko ryaba ribiteganya ukundi, ibihe byagenwe mu manza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi bikurikiza amategeko avugwa muri uyu mutwe. Ingingo ya 275 y’iryo Tegeko iteganya ibikurikira: “Ku bihe bibarwa mu minsi cyangwa mu masaha, bibarwa umunsi ku munsi, n’isaha ku isaha hakurikijwe igihe bimara kandi umunsi igikorwa cyakoreweho ntubarwamo, ahubwo habarwa umunsi wa nyuma kigomba kurangiriraho”. [30] Urukiko rusomeye hamwe ingingo ya 274 n’iya 275 z’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru zumvikanisha ko iyo nta bundi buryo Umushingamategeko yateganyije bwerekana uko ibihe bivugwa mu itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi bigomba kubarwa, ko ibyo bihe bigomba kubarwa nk’uko ingingo ya 275 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ibiteganya. Mu yandi magambo ingingo ya 275 imaze kuvugwa ikoreshwa mu kubara ibihe bivugwa muri iryo Tegeko iyo nta bundi buryo umushingamategeko yateganyije bwo kubara ibihe bivugwa mu ngingo runaka y’iryo Tegeko. [31] Urukiko rusesenguye ingingo ya 188 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru rusanga iyi ngingo yumvikanisha ko icyemezo ku kirego cyihutirwa kijuririrwa mu minsi itarenze itatu (3) y’akazi ibarwa kuva ku munsi icyemezo cyasomeweho cyangwa kuva ku munsi ababuranyi bakimenyeyeho. Mu yandi magambo iyi minsi itatu ibarwa kuva ku munsi icyemezo cyasomeweho ku baburanyi bari bahari mu iburanisha ry’urubanza cyangwa ikabarwa kuva ku munsi ababuranyi bamenyeshejwe icyemezo ku muburanyi utari uhari urubanza ruburanishwa. [32] Urukiko rurasanga ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 188 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, ari irengayobora ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 275 y’iryo Tegeko, kuko mu ngingo 188 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 umushingamategeko yashyizeho uburyo iminsi itatu igomba kubarwa butandukanye n’ubuteganywa mu ngingo ya 275 y’iryo Tegeko, bikaba rero byumvikana ko mu kubara ibihe byo kujuririra icyemezo cyihutirwa hatarebwa uburyo bwo kubara ibihe buteganywa mu ngingo ya 275 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 yavuzwe haruguru. Ibi ni nako uru Rukiko rwabibonye mu rubanza N° RCOMAA

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00031/2020/CA, haburana SOTRAPROMETAL Ltd na BANQUE POPULAIRE DU RWANDA Ltd hamwe n’Umwanditsi Mukuru muri RDB, aho rwemeje ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 188 y’Itegeko n° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/4/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, ari irengayobora ku bivugwa mu ngingo ya 275 y’iryo Tegeko kuko iteganya ubundi buryo bwo kubara ibihe byo kujurira ku birebana n’ibirego byihutirwa, maze rwemeza ko igihe cyo kujurira cyagombaga gutangira kubarwa kuva ku munsi icyemezo cyasomeweho, hakabarwa igihe cy’iminsi itatu y’akazi.1 [33] Urukiko rurasanga icyemezo KCP Ltd yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi cyarasomwe ku wa 25/01/2022, ikijuririra ku wa 28/01/2022, hashingiwe ku bitaganywa mu ngingo ya 188 y’Itegeko n° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/4/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, KCP Ltd yagombaga kujurira bitarenze ku wa 27/01/2022, kuba rero yarajuriye ku wa 28/01/2022 biragaraga ko itubahirije ibihe bitaganywa n’amategeko, bityo nta kosa Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwakoze ryo kutakira ubujurire bwayo. [34] Urukiko rurasanga ibyo uhagarariye KCP Ltd avuga ko ubaze iminsi ukurikije ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 275 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru usanga iminsi itatu yarubahirijwe kubera ko umunsi urubanza rwaciriweho utabarwa ahubwo habarwa umunsi ukurikiyeho, nta shingiro byahabwa, kuko nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru uburyo bwo kubara ibihe buteganywa mu ngingo ya 275 yavuzwe haruguru ntabwo bureba ibihe byo kujuririra icyemezo cyihutirwa biteganywa mu ngingo 188 y’Itegeko n° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/4/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru. Urukiko rurasanga na none ibivugwa n’uhagarariye KCP Ltd ko itumva impamvu Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwabaze iminsi itatu yo gusoma urubanza rukurikije ingingo ya 275 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, ariko mu kubara ibihe byo kujurira ntirukurikize ibitanywa mu ngingo ya 275, nta shingiro byahabwa kuko mu ngingo ya 188 y’Itegeko n° 22/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru ntaho Umushingamategeko yigeze avuga uburyo iminsi itatu yo gusoma urubanza ku kirego cyihutirwa ibarwa, bivuze ko mu kubara iyo minsi itatu yo gusoma urubanza Urukiko rushingira ku ngingo ya 275 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 yavuzwe haruguru itaganya uburyo ibihe bibarwa muri rusange, bityo rero nta kosa Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwakoze. 3. Kumenya niba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa muri uru rubanza afite ishingiro [35] MUKANDORI K. Alphonsine n’abamwunganira bavuga ko bashingiye ku ngingo ya 111 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, Dr. MUKANDORI K. Alphonsine asaba Urukiko gutegeka KCP Ltd kumuha indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka mu nzego zombi zingana na 3.000.000 Frw. [36] Uhagarariye KCP Ltd avuga ko ku bijyanye n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka ari ingaruka, ko Dr. MUKANDORI K. Alphonsine ari mubagize KCP Ltd akaba atumva impamvu ayisaba indishyi.

1 Reba igika cya 19 n’icya 20 cy’urubanza N° RCOMAA 00031/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 25/8/2020, haburana SOTRAPROMETAL Ltd na BANQUE POPULAIRE DU RWANDA Ltd hamwe n’UMWANDITSI Mukuru muri RDB.

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UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [37] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza MUKANDORI K. Alphonsine asaba atagomba kuyahabwa, kuko ikiburanishwa muri uru rubanza ari ikirego cyihutirwa gishamikiye ku rubanza rw’iremezo ruri mu bukemurampaka, ku buryo icyemezo gifatwa ari icyemezo cy’agateganyo mu gihe hategerejwe icyemezo cya burundu kizafatwa mu iburanisha ry’urwo rubanza rw’iremezo. Ibi ni nako Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwabibonye mu rubanza Nº RCOM 00001/2019/SC2, ndetse n’uru Rukiko mu rubanza Nº RCOM 00003/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 11/05/2022 haburana TOP TOWER HOTEL Ltd n’abandi baburana na BPR ATLAS MARA Plc3. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [38] Rwemeje ko inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire yatanzwe na MUKANDORI Kankwanzi Alphonsine nta shingiro ifite. [39] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na KIGALI CITIZENS POLYCLINIC Ltd nta shingiro bufite. [40] Rwemeje ko imikirize y‘urubanza No RCOMA 00083/2022/HCC rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 18/02/2022, idahindutse. [41] Ruvuze ko amafaranga y’amagarama yatanzwe ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza.

2 Reba urubanza Nº RCOM 00001/2019/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 22/02/2019, haburana UMURUNGI Umwizerwa n’Ikigo cy’Imisoro n’Amahôro, igika cya 26. 3Reba urubanza Nº RCOM 00003/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 11/05/2022, TOP TOWER HOTEL Ltd n’abandi baburana na BPR ATLAS MARA Plc, igika cya 22.