KIREHE INVESTMENT COMPANY Ltd vs. URWEGO FINANCE CBC Ltd

# KIREHE INVESTMENT COMPANY Ltd vs. URWEGO FINANCE CBC Ltd

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-10-27 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RCOM 00005/2024/SC - Collection: Supreme Court

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KIREHE INVESTMENT COMPANY Ltd vs. URWEGO FINANCE CBC Ltd [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – RS/INJUST/RCOM 00005/2024/SC (Hitiyaremye, P.J., Kazungu na Muhumuza, J.) 27 Ukuboza 2024] Amategeko agenga ubugwate ku mutungo utimukanwa – Ingwate – Ingwate yahawe banki kugirango uwayitanze ahabwe inguzanyo igira agaciro iyo yanditse mu biro by’Umwanditsi Mukuru muri RDB ku bwumvikane bw’impande zombi. Amategeko agenga ubugwate ku mutungo utimukanwa – Amasezerano y’ubugwate ni amasezerano yemewe n'itegeko hagati y'umukiriya n'umuha inguzanyo aho umutungo ukoreshwa nk’ingwate y'inguzanyo. Iyo nyandiko (y’amasezerano) isobanura amafaranga y'inguzanyo, igipimo cy'inyungu, na gahunda yo kwishyura. Ni amasezerano agomba kubahirizwa ku buryo utanga inguzanyo ashobora kwaka cyangwa gufatira umutungo yahaweho ingwate mu gihe uwahawe inguzanyo atishyuye. Incamake y’ikibazo: Sosiyete Kirehe Investment Company Ltd yagiranye amasezerano y’inguzanyo n’Urwego Finance CBC Ltd, (“Urwego Finance” muri uru rubanza) iyiguriza 17.000.000 Frw yagombaga kwishyura mu gihe cy’imyaka ibiri (2).Uwo mwenda wishingiwe n’ingwate yatanzwe na Kirehe Investment Company Ltd yandikishwa muri Rwanda Development Board (RDB). Kirehe Investment Company Ltd yaje kunanirwa kwishyura, hanyuma ingwate yatanze igurishwa muri cyamunara kugira ngo hishyurwe umwenda yahawe n’Urwego Finance. Kirehe Investment Company Ltd yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi irega Urwego Finance, ivuga ko yatewe ibihombo kubera uburiganya bwakozwe mu iyubahirizwa n’iseswa ry’amasezerano ivuga ko habayeho no kugurisha umutungo utimukanwa muri cyamunara mu buryo budakwiye kuko hari hatanzwe ingwate y’ibikoresho byimukanwa byayo, ariko ko yaje gutungurwa n’uko hagurishijwe umutungo utimukanwa wayo kandi utaratanzweho ingwate, bityo ikaba asaba Urwego Finance na RDB kuryozwa ibyo bihombo yagize, ivuga kandi ko Urwego Finance itubahirije amasezerano n’amabwiriza ya BNR yerekeranye no korohereza abafite inguzanyo mu ma banki zagizweho ingaruka n’icyorezo cya Covid-19. Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Kirehe Investment Company Ltd nta shingiro gifite kuko nta buriganya bwabayeho mu iyubahirizwa n’iseswa ry’amasezerano y’inguzanyo kandi ko ingwate yagurishijwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. Kirehe Investment Company Ltd ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza maze ijurira mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ivuga ko Urukiko rubanza rwirengagije ibisobanuro rwahawe bijyanye n’ingwate, no kuba Urukiko rwarirengagije kumuha indishyi yasabye z’igihombo yatejwe n’Urwego Finance.

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Urwego Finance yireguye ivuga ko nta bimenyetso byirengagijwe kandi ko n’indishyi zasabwe zitari gutangwa bitewe nuko ibyakozwe byose bishingiye ku mategeko, bityo ko isanga ubujurire bwatanzwe na Kirehe Investment Ltd nta shingiro bufite. Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwaciye urubanza maze rwemeza ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Kirehe Investment Company Ltd nta shingiro bufite, bityo ko nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza RCOM 00379/2022/TC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi. Kirehe Investment Company Ltd yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire isaba ko urubanza RCOMA 00622/2022/HCC rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ku itariki ya 10/11/2023, rwasubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, ivuga ko akarengane yagiriwe gashingiye ku kuba mu cyamunara hagurishijwe umutungo wayo utimukanwa kandi utarigeze utangwaho ingwate, avuga ko hagurishijwe indi mitungo ye itatanzweho ingwate hamwe n’iyatanzweho ingwate kandi bagombaga kugurisha iyatanzweho ingwate gusa. Kirehe Investment Company Ltd yiregura ivuga kandi ko amasezerano y’inguzanyo yakozwe yiswe “Abstract of Mortgage Agreement” yakozwe mu rurimi rw’icyongereza kandi batagisobanukiwe; bityo ko atahabwa agaciro kuko bayasinye batumva ibiyakubiyemo. Urwego Finance yiregura ivuga ko ibyo Kirehe Investment Company Ltd ivuga nta shingiro bifite kubera ko Umuyobozi Mukuru wayo, hamwe n’umukozi wa banki ubishinzwe, bombi basinye ku nyandiko yo kwandikisha, yemeza ko uwo mutungo ubaye ingwate ya Urwego Finance. Kirehe Investment Company Ltd ivuga kandi yari yasabye Urukiko kandi gusuzuma ikibazo cy’indishyi z’igihombo yatejwe n’Urwego Finance, ariko iyi yo ikavuga ko indishyi z’igihombo zisabwa nta shingiro zifite kuko nta bimenyetso igaragaza ishingiraho izisaba, kandi ko ibyakozwe byose byakozwe mu buryo bwubahirije amategeko. Abahagarariye Kirehe Investment Company Ltd basaba ko yahabwa n’Urwego Finance 5,000,000 Frw y’igihembo cy’Avoka ku nzego zose (kuva mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi kugeza mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga) na 5,000,000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza, akubiyemo ay ‘ingendo yakoze mu gihe cy’amezi 29. Abahagarariye Urwego Finance bavuga ko indishyi zisabwa na Kirehe Investment Company Ltd nta shingiro zifite, ahubwo ko aribo bakwiye guhabwa indishyi zo kuyishora mu manza ku maherere. Abahagarariye Kirehe Investiment Company Ltd bavuga ko indishyi zisabwa n’Urwego Finance zidakwiye guhabwa ishingiro kubera ko ariyo yakoze nabi amasezerano y’ingwate yagarutsweho muri uru rubanza. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Ingwate yahawe banki kugirango uwayitanze ahabwe inguzanyo igira agaciro iyo yanditse mu biro by’Umwanditsi Mukuru muri RDB ku bwumvikane bw’impande zombi. 2. Amasezerano y’ubugwate ni amasezerano yemewe n'itegeko hagati y'umukiriya n'umuha inguzanyo aho umutungo ukoreshwa nk’ingwate y'inguzanyo. Iyo nyandiko (y’amasezerano) isobanura amafaranga y'inguzanyo, igipimo cy'inyungu, na gahunda yo kwishyura. Ni

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amasezerano agomba kubahirizwa ku buryo utanga inguzanyo ashobora kwaka cyangwa gufatira umutungo yahaweho ingwate mu gihe uwahawe inguzanyo atishyuye. 3.Ntibyashoboka ko ingwate igira agaciro kajya munsi y’umwenda usabwa kuko ikiba kigamijwe hatangwa ingwate ni ukugirango izavemo ubwishyu mu gihe uwahawe umwenda ananiwe kwishyura. Ikirego gisaba gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane nta shingiro gifite.

Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 10/2009 ryo ku wa 14/05/2009 ryerekeye ubugwate ku mutungo utimukanwa, ingingo ya 4. Imanza zifashishijwe. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Tariki ya 08/12/2020, Kirehe Investment Company Ltd yagiranye amasezerano y’inguzanyo n’Urwego Finance CBC Ltd, (“Urwego Finance” muri uru rubanza) iyiguriza 17.000.000 Frw yagombaga kwishyura mu gihe cy’imyaka ibiri (2), kuva ku itariki ya 08/12/2020 kugeza ku itariki ya 08/12/2022 ku nyungu ingana na 21%. Uwo mwenda wishingiwe n’ingwate yatanzwe na Kirehe Investment Company Ltd yandikishwa muri Rwanda Development Board (RDB), iyo ngwate yari ibaruye kuri UPI: 5/05/11/04/2654 iherereye mu Mudugudu wa Karambi, Akagari ka Kiyanzi, Umurenge wa Nyamugari, Akarere ka Kirehe. Kirehe Investment Company Ltd yaje kunanirwa kwishyura, hanyuma ingwate yatanze igurishwa muri cyamunara kugira ngo hishyurwe umwenda yahawe n’Urwego Finance. [2] Kirehe Investment Company Ltd yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi irega Urwego Finance, ivuga ko yatewe ibihombo kubera uburiganya bwakozwe mu iyubahirizwa n’iseswa ry’amasezerano kuko mu ngingo ya 3 y'amasezerano hateganyijwe ko Urwego Finance yari ifite uburenganzira bwo kwishyuza inguzanyo yose, inyungu zisanzwe n'inyungu z'ubukererwe igihe cyose Kirehe Investment Ltd izaba yananiwe kwishyura mu gihe cy'iminsi 30 ikurikirana, ibarwa uhereye igihe yaherewe integuza ya nyuma iyisaba kwishyura inguzanyo yose, ariko ko bitabayeho. Ivuga ko habayeho no kugurisha umutungo utimukanwa muri cyamunara mu buryo budakwiye kuko hari hatanzwe ingwate y’ibikoresho byimukanwa byayo, ariko ko yaje gutungurwa n’uko hagurishijwe umutungo utimukanwa wayo kandi utaratanzweho ingwate, bityo ko ababigizemo uruhare ari bo Urwego Finance na RDB bagomba kuryozwa ibyo bihombo yagize. Ivuga, nanone, ko Urwego Finance itubahirije amasezerano n’amabwiriza ya BNR yerekeranye no korohereza abafite inguzanyo mu ma banki zagizweho ingaruka n’icyorezo cya Covid-19. [3] Urwego Finance yireguye ivuga ko Kirehe Investment Company Ltd itubahirije amasezerano y’inguzanyo bagiranye, bituma hagurishwa mu cyamunara ingwate yatanzwe igizwe

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n’inyubako y’uruganda iri mu kibanza UPI: 5/05/11/04/2654, iyo ngwate ikaba yaranditswe muri RDB nk’uko bigaragazwa n’amasezerano y’ubugwate (Abstract of Mortgage Agreement). RDB ntacyo yigeze ivuga kuko ititabiriye inama ntegurarubanza ndetse n’iburanisha. [4] Ku wa 02/09/2022, Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwaciye urubanza RCOM 00379/2022/TC rwemeza ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Kirehe Investment Company Ltd nta shingiro gifite; ko nta buriganya bwabayeho mu iyubahirizwa n’iseswa ry’amasezerano y’inguzanyo Kirehe Investment Company Ltd yagiranye n’Urwego Finance, kuko nta bimenyetso yagaragaje bihamya ko hatubahirijwe ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 3 y’amasezerano irebana no kwishyuza inguzanyo nyuma y’iminsi 30 y’integuza; ruvuga ko umutungo utimukanwa ubaruwe kuri UPI: 5/05/11/04/2654 watanzweho ingwate mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. [5] Kirehe Investment Company Ltd yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ivuga ko Urukiko rubanza rwirengagije ibisobanuro rwahawe bijyanye n’ingwate, no kuba Urukiko rwarirengagije kumuha indishyi yasabye z’igihombo yatejwe n’Urwego Finance. [6] Urwego Finance yireguye ivuga ko nta bimenyetso byirengagijwe kandi ko n’indishyi zasabwe zitari gutangwa bitewe nuko ibyakozwe byose bishingiye ku mategeko, bityo ko isanga ubujurire bwatanzwe na Kirehe Investment Ltd nta shingiro bufite. [7] Ku itariki ya 10/11/2023, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwaciye urubanza RCOMA 00622/2022/HCC rwemeza ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Kirehe Investment Company Ltd nta shingiro bufite, rwemeza ko nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza RCOM 00379/2022/TC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi ku itariki ya 02/09/2022. [8] Mu gufata iki cyemezo Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwashingiye ku mpamvu zikurikira: kuba amategeko ateganya ko ubugwate bugira agaciro iyo bwanditswe mu Biro by’Umwanditsi Mukuru; kuba muri dosiye y’urubanza harimo inyandiko yo kwandikisha ingwate (Abstract of Mortgage Agreement) yo ku wa 08/12/2020 yashyizweho umukono n‘Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Kirehe Investment Company Ltd, Gakumba Cyprien na Angelique Impuhwe, uhagarariye Urwego Finance, bemeza ko umutungo uri mu kibanza ufite UPI: 5/05/11/04/2654 uherereye mu Mudugudu wa Karambi, mu Kagari ka Kiyanzi, mu Murenge wa Nyamugari, mu Karere ka Kirehe, mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba ubaye ingwate ya Urwego Finance, yishingiye umwenda ungana na 17.000.000 Frw; kuba muri dosiye harimo inyandiko mvugo y’Inama Rusange ya Kirehe Investment Company Ltd yo ku itariki ya 08/12/2020 yemeye ko iyi Company ifata umwenda ungana na 17.000.000 Frw, inemera ko inyubako z’uruganda ziri kuri UPI: 5/05/11/04/2654 ziba ingwate kuri uwo mwenda. [9] Ku kijyanye n’indishyi zasabwaga na Kirehe Investment Company Ltd z’igihombo yatejwe na Urwego Finance, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwasobanuye ko itazihabwa kuko bitigeze bigaragara ko yarenganyijwe. [10] Ku itariki ya 27/11/2023, Kirehe Investment Company Ltd yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire isaba ko urubanza RCOMA 00622/2022/HCC rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru

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rw’Ubucuruzi ku itariki ya 10/11/2023, rwasubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. Nyuma y’isesengura ry’urubanza, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire yakoze raporo ayoherereza Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, nyuma yo kuyisesengura yemeza ko urubanza RCOMA 00622/2022/HCC rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 10/11/2023, rwongera kuburanishwa, ruhabwa RS/INJUST/RCOM 00005/2024/SC. [11] Kirehe Investment Company Ltd isubirishamo Urubanza ivuga ko akarengane yagiriwe gashingiye ku kuba Urwego Finance yarandikishije muri RDB umutungo utimukanwa ubaruwe kuri UPI: 5/05/11/04/2654 bigatuma ugurishwa mu cyamunara kandi utarigeze utangwaho ingwate. Urwego Finance yo ivuga ko ibyo nta shingiro bifite kubera ko Gakumba Cyprien, Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Kirehe Investment Company Ltd, yasinye ku nyandiko yo kwandikisha ingwate yo ku wa 08/12/2020, yemeza ko uwo mutungo ubaye ingwate ya Urwego Finance, yishingira umwenda wa 17.000.000 Frw. [12] Kirehe Investment Company Ltd yari yasabye Urukiko kandi gusuzuma ikibazo cy’indishyi z’igihombo yatejwe n’Urwego Finance, ariko iyi yo ikavuga ko indishyi z’igihombo zisabwa na Kirehe Investment Company Ltd nta shingiro zifite kuko nta bimenyetso igaragaza ishingiraho izisaba, kandi ko ibyakozwe byose byakozwe mu buryo bwubahirije amategeko. [13] Iburanisha ry’uru rubanza mu mizi ryabaye ku wa 17/10/2024, ababuranyi bose bitabye, Kirehe Investment ihagarariwe na Perezida wayo Gakumba Cyprien, yunganiwe na Me Mushimiyimana Odette, Urwego Finance, ihagarariwe na Me Nubumwe Jean Bosco. [14] Muri uru rubanza, hasuzumwe ibibazo byo kumenya niba umutungo utimukanwa ubaruwe kuri UPI: 5/05/11/04/2654 utarigeze utangwaho ingwate mu Rwego Finance, no kumenya niba indishyi zisabwa zatangwa. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA 1.Kumenya niba umutungo utimukanwa ubaruwe kuri UPI: 5/05/04/2654 utarigeze utangwaho ingwate mu Rwego Finance [15] Ababuranira Kirehe Investment Company Ltd bavuga ko ku wa 08/12/2020 yagiranye amasezerano y’inguzanyo ya 17.000.000Frw, n’Urwego Finance mu ngingo yayo ya 5 agace ka mbere, bumvikana ko ingwate itanzwe ari imodoka na moto, ariko ko mu gihe cyo guteza cyamunara hagurishwa umutungo utimukanwa. Bavuga ko basanga Urwego Finance yaragurishije icyo itahaweho ingwate kuko yagombaga kugurisha ihereye ku modoka na moto, ubwishyu bwabura ikabona kugurisha indi mitungo yayo, kuko ibyo itunze n’ibyo izagira byose byari ingwate y’abo ibereyemo imyenda. [16] Bavuga ko imitungo bari batanzeho ingwate yari igizwe n’imodoka Toyota Hulux yari ifite agaciro kangana na 12.000.000 Frw hamwe na Moto AG 100 yari ifite agaciro kangana na 1.900.000 Frw. Ku kibazo cy’uko agaciro k’ibyo batanzeho ingwate katanganaga n’umwenda bahawe, bvuga ko atari bo bagombaga kubisuzuma, ko ahubwo byari mu nshingano z’Urwego Finance zo gusuzuma agaciro k’ibyo ihaweho ingwate. [17] Bakomeza bavuga ko amasezerano y’inguzanyo yakozwe yiswe “Abstract of Mortgage Agreement” yakozwe mu rurimi rw’icyongereza kandi abayobozi ba Kirehe Investment Company

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Ltd batagisobanukiwe; ko rero atahabwa agaciro kuko bayasinye batumva ibiyakubiyemo. Basobanura ko imodoka na moto biri mu masezerano y’inguzanyo byatanzweho ingwate aribyo byagombaga kugurishwa mbere, hanyuma ubwishyu butavamo hakabona gutezwa umutungo utimukanwa uvugwa mu myanzuro y’Inama Rusange yo ku itariki ya 08/12/2020, ubaruye kuri UPI: 5/05/11/04/2654 ariko habanje gukorwa fiche cadastrale zigaragaza imbibi cyangwa imbago z’uruganda n’igenagaciro ry’umutungo kuko kuri iyo UPI hariho ibikorwa byinshi birenze inzu y’uruganda. [18] Basoza kuri iyi ngingo bagaragaza ko mu guteza cyamunara, hagurishijwe imitungo yose itimukanwa n’iyimukanwa harimo imashini 6 zakoreshwaga mu mirimo y’uruganda, za stocks, amazu yo guturamo, amazu y’ibiraro by’amatungo, ubwiherero n’ibikoni, imyaka, ibiti by’imbuto ziribwa n’izivura n’ibindi byari kuri iyo UPI kandi bidakorewe igenagaciro, ko basanga aha ariho hashingiye akarengane kuko amategeko atubahirijwe nk’uko byari bikubiye mu masezerano yari yakozwe. [19] Uhagarariye Urwego Finance avuga ko ibivugwa na Kirehe Investment Company Ltd ko inkomoko y’akarengane yagiriwe ishingiye ku cyiswe Abstract of Mortagage Agreement Contract n’icyatanzweho ingwate muri RDB ngo kuko binyuranye n’ibyo bemeranyijwe mu masezerano y’inguzanyo y’ubucuruzi yabaye ku itariki ya 8/12/2020, asanga nta shingiro bikwiye guhabwa, kuko nk’uko bigaragara mu cyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi muri dosiye y’urubanza harimo inyandiko yo kwandikisha ingwate (Abstract of Mortgage Agreement) yo ku itariki ya 08/12/2020 yashyizweho umukono n‘Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Kirehe Investment Company Ltd, Gakumba Cyprien na Angelique Impuhwe, umukozi w’Urwego Finance, bemeza ko umutungo uri mu kibanza cyavuzwe haruguru ubaye ingwate y’Urwego Finance yishingiye umwenda ungana na 17,000,000 Frw wahawe Kirehe Investment Company Ltd. [20] Akomeza avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwasobanuye kandi ko muri dosiye harimo inyandiko mvugo y’Inama Rusange ya Kirehe Investment Company Ltd yo ku itariki ya 08/12/2020 yemeye ko Kirehe Investment Company Ltd ifata umwenda ungana na 17,000,000 Frw, inemera ko inyubako z’uruganda ziri mu kibanza UPI: 5/05/11/04/2654 ziba ingwate kuri uwo mwenda, maze rusanga izi nyandiko zombi zigize ikimenyetso gihamya ko uwo mutungo watanzweho ingwate na Kirehe Investment Company Ltd, ko ariyo mpamvu urwo Rukiko rwabihereyeho rwemeza ko ingwate yatanzwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, cyane cyane ko iyo nyandiko yiswe “Abstract of Mortgage Agreement” yashyizweho umukono ku itariki ya 08/12/2020 na Gakumba Cyprien ariwe wari uhagarariye Kirehe investment Company Ltd imbere ya Noteri witwa Mugabekazi Gloria agaragaza ko uwo mutungo ariwo utanzweho ingwate. [21] Ku birebana n’izindi ngwate zimukanwa zigizwe n’imodoka Hilux na Moto AG 100 ababuranira Kirehe Investment Company Ltd bavuga ko arizo zatanzweho ingwate, zikaba ari nazo zanditse mu masezerano y’inguzanyo, uhagarariye Urwego Finance avuga ko zitahabwa agaciro kuko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwasanze ingingo ya 7 y’Itegeko N° 34/2013 ryo ku wa 24/05/2013 ryerekeye ubugwate ku mutungo wimukanwa iteganya ko: “Ubugwate bugira agaciro iyo bumaze kwandikwa n’Umwanditsi Mukuru“; ko rero Kirehe Investment Company Ltd itagaragaza ko uwo mutungo bavuga waba warandikishijwe nk’ingwate ku buryo zari kugurishwa n’Urwego Finance yiyishyura umwenda.

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UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [22] Urukiko rurasanga impaka ziri muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku ngwate yagombaga kugurishwa mu gihe amasezerano y’inguzanyo hagati ya Kirehe Investment Company Ltd n’Urwego Finance atubahirijwe. Kirehe Investment Company Ltd ivuga ko umutungo wagurishijwe hishyurwa umwenda yari ifitiye Urwego Finance atari wo yari yaratanzeho ingwate, naho Urwego Finance yo ikavuga ko umutungo wagurishijwe ariwo yari yahaweho ingwate kuko ari nawo wari wanditse muri RDB. [23] Inkiko zabanje zemeje ko umutungo wagurishijwe ariwo wagombaga kugurishwa kuko ariwo wari watanzweho ingwate igihe Kirehe Investment Company Ltd yasabaga umwenda, ko ikibigaragaza ari amasezerano yo kwandikisha iyo ngwate yiswe “Abstract of Mortgage Agreement” yakozwe ku wa 08/12/2020 ku mutungo utimukanwa ufite UPI:5/05/11/04/2654, agashyirwaho umukono n’umuyobozi wa Kirehe Investment Company Ltd; iyo ngwate ikaba yaranandikishijwe muri RDB. [24] Inyandiko z’abahanga zisobanura mu magambo y’icyongereza ko “A mortgage Agreement” ari a legal contract between a borrower and a lender where the property is used as collateral for a loan. This document specifies the loan amount, interest rate, repayment schedule, and other critical terms. It serves as a binding agreement that ensures the lender can claim the property if the borrower defaults on the loan…)1, bishatse kuvuga mu kinyarwanda kigenekereje ko amasezerano y’ubugwate ari amasezerano yemewe n'itegeko hagati y'umukiriya n'umuha inguzanyo aho umutungo ukoreshwa nk’ingwate y'inguzanyo. Iyo nyandiko (y’amasezerano) isobanura amafaranga y'inguzanyo, igipimo cy'inyungu, na gahunda yo kwishyura. Ni amasezerano agomba kubahirizwa ku buryo utanga inguzanyo ashobora kwaka cyangwa gufatira umutungo yahaweho ingwate mu gihe uwahawe inguzanyo atishyuye. [25] Mu nyandiko zigize dosiye y’uru rubanza, hagaragaramo inyandiko y’amasezerano y’ubugwate yagarutsweho n’ababuranyi yiswe “Abstract of Mortgage Agreement”; iyo nyandiko ikaba yujuje ibiba bikubiye muri bene izo nyandiko nk’uko byagaragajwe mu gisobanuro cyatanzwe haruguru mu gika kibanziriza iki, yasinyweho n’uwatanze umwenda (Urwego Bank Plc) hamwe n’uwawuhawe (Kirehe Investment Company Ltd) kandi uyu atanga uburenganzira ko ingwate atanze yandikishwa. Iyo nyandiko kandi igaragaza ko umutungo utanzweho ingwate ari ubutaka (land) buri kuri UPI: 5/05/11/04/2654, kandi ko buzagurishwa uhawe inguzanyo natishyura. [26] Ingingo ya 4, igika cya mbere y’Itegeko Nº 10/2009 ryo ku wa 14/05/2009 ryerekeye ubugwate ku mutungo utimukanwa nk’uko ryahinduwe kandi ryujujwe kugeza ubu, iteganya ko ubugwate bugira agaciro iyo bwanditswe mu gitabo cyandikwamo ingwate ku mutungo utimukanwa mu biro by’Umwanditsi Mukuru. Ingwate igibwaho impaka muri uru rubanza ikaba yarandikishijwe nk’uko biteganywa n’iyi ngingo.

1 Understanding mortgage agreement: https://www.bajajfinserv.in/mortgage-agreement yasuwe tariki ya 18/122024.

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[27] Nk’uko byagarutsweho mu bindi bika by’uru rubanza, Kirehe Investment Company Ltd yahawe umwenda n’Urwego Finance, uwo mwenda ukaba waragombaga gutangirwa ingwate yazavamo ubwishyu mu gihe uwawuhawe adashoboye kubona ubwishyu kandi iyo ngwate igomba kuba yemewe ku buryo yagurishwa mu gihe uwahawe umwenda yananiwe kuwishyura. [28] Urukiko rurasanga muri dosiye y’uru rubanza harimo inyandiko mvugo y’Inama rusange ya Kirehe Investment Company Ltd yo ku wa 08/12/2020 yemeye ko ihabwa umwenda ungana na 17.000.000 Frw, inemera ko inyubako z’uruganda ziri kuri UPI:5/05/11/04/2654 ziba ingwate kuri uwo mwenda. [29] Mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 17/10/2024, uhagarariye Kirehe Investment Company Ltd yavuze ko hari amasezerano y'iremezo arebana n'inguzanyo y'ubucuruzi, yakozwe ku itariki 08/12/2020; muri ayo masezerano Kirehe Investment Ltd ikaba yarayagaragajemo ko ingwate itanzwe ari imodoka na moto byagombaga kwandikishwa muri RDB. [30] Asobanura ko mu gihe yari agiye gufata amafaranga y'inguzanyo Kirehe Investment Company Ltd yari yahawe, yaje kugaragarizwa indi nyandiko yiswe Abstract of Mortgage Agreement, iri mu rurimi rw'icyongereza, ikubiyemo n’izindi ngwate zigizwe n’umutungo utimukanwa atigeze amenyeshwa, ari nabyo byaje gutuma uwo mutungo ugurishwa. Ibi, uhagarariye Kirehe Investment Company Ltd abivuga ashaka kumvikanisha ko ibikubiye muri Abstract of Mortgage Agreement ntabyo azi kuko biri mu rurimi rw’icyongereza atumva. [31] Urukiko rurasanga iyi miburanire nta shingiro yahabwa kubera impamvu zikurikira: Muri dosiye hari inyandiko y’Inama Rusange ya Kirehe Investment Company Ltd yakozwe ku wa 08/12/2020 yahaga Gakumba Cyprien uburenganzira bwo gusaba inguzanyo ingana na 17.000.000Frw mu Rwego Finance, inemera gutanga ingwate y’inyubako yayo ifite UPI:5/05/11/04/2654, iyo nyandiko yasinyweho na Gakumba Cyprien ubwe imbere ya Noteri. Kuvuga ko amasezerano yiswe Abstract of Mortgage Agreement yari yanditse mu rurimi rw’icyongereza atazi yari akubiyemo ingwate atigeze amenyeshwa nta shingiro byahabwa, kuko bigaragara ko ibikubiye muri ayo masezerano bihuye n’ibyemejwe mu nama rusange ya Kirehe Investment Company Ltd kandi izo nyandiko zose akaba yarazishyizeho umukono. [32] Hashingiwe ku bimaze kuvugwa haruguru, Urukiko rurasanga kuba Inkiko zibanza zaremeje ko ingwate yemewe yatanzwe na Kirehe Investment Company Ltd ari ifite UPI yavuzwe haruguru ntaho zanyuranyije n’amategeko, kuko kugira ngo ingwate ku mutungo utimukanwa igire agaciro ari uko iba yanditse mu biro by’Umwanditsi Mukuru nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 4 y’Itegeko Nº 10/2009 ryo ku wa 14/05/2009 ryerekeye ubugwate ryavuzwe haruguru, kandi ibyo bikaba byarakozwe ku bwumvikane bw’impande zombi. [33] Urukiko rurasanga umutungo utimukanwa igizwe na UPI: 5/05/11/04/2654 waratanzweho ingwate na Kirehe Investment Company Ltd, ibi bigaragazwa n’inyandiko yo kwandikisha ingwate yiswe Abstract of Mortage Agreement yashyizweho umukono n’impande zombi ku wa 08/12/2020, nyuma ku wa 09/12/2020 uwo mutungo ukaba warandikishijwe mu biro Bikuru bw’Umwanditsi muri RDB, kandi ibi byose Gakumba Cyprien uhagarariye Kirehe Investment

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Company Ltd yari abizi, bityo akaba ntaho yahera avuga ko uwo mutungo atawutanzeho ingwate mu gihe yahabwaga umwenda n’Urwego Finance. [34] Ku bivugwa n’uhagarariye Kirehe Investment Company Ltd ko ingwate bahaye Urwego Finance ari umutungo wimukanwa ugizwe n’imodoka Toyota Hilux ifite agaciro ka 12.000.000 Frw hamwe na Moto AG 100 ifite agaciro ka 1.900.000 Frw, ibyo akabishingira ku masezerano y’iremezo yo ku wa 08/12/2020, bityo ko ayo ariyo agomba guhabwa agaciro; kandi ko no mu kugurisha hari kubanza kugurishwa ingwate zimukanwa zari zatanzwe muri ayo masezerano, ubwishyu butavamo hakabona kugirishwa indi mitungo, Urukiko rurasanga ingwate zivugwa n’abahagarariye Kirehe Investment Company Ltd zitarigeze zandikwa n’Umwanditsi Mukuru wa RDB nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 7 y’Itegeko Nº 34/2013 ryo ku wa 24/05/2013 ryerekeye ubugwate ku mutungo wimukanwa2 ku buryo mu gihe ubwishyu butari kuboneka uwatanze umwenda yari gushobora guhita agurisha izo ngwate. [35] Byongeye kandi, mu iburanisha ry’urubanza muri uru Rukiko, abahagarariye Kirehe Investment Company Ltd bemeye ko agaciro k’ingwate bavuga zigizwe n’umutungo wimukanwa katavamo ubwishyu kuko zose hamwe zari zifite agaciro kangana na 13.900.000 Frw, mu gihe umwenda bahawe wanganaga na 17.000.000 Frw hatabariwemo inyungu, bikaba bitashoboka ko ingwate igira agaciro kajya munsi y’umwenda usabwa kuko ikiba kigamijwe hatangwa ingwate ari ukugirango izavemo ubwishyu mu gihe uwahawe umwenda ananiwe kwishyura. [36] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro bimaze gutangwa Urukiko rurasanga inkiko zabanje nta makosa zakoze mu kwemeza ko umutungo utimukanwa ugizwe n’inyubako z’uruganda ziri kuri UPI: 5/05/11/04/2654 ariwo wari ingwate kandi ari nawo wagombaga kugurishwa kugirango hishyurwe umwenda Kirehe Investment Company Ltd yahawe. [37] Nyuma yo gusanga nta makosa Urwego Finance yakoze mu kugurisha ingwate yari yahawe na Kirehe Investment Company Ltd, Urukiko rurasanga bitakiri ngombwa gusuzuma ikibazo kirebana n’indishyi z’igihombo Kirehe Investment Company Ltd ivuga ko yagize kubera ko igihombo cyari kuba gishingiye ku kuba Urwego Finance yaragurishije umutungo utaratanzweho ingwate, none Urukiko rusanze atari ko bimeze. 2.Indishyi z’igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza zisabwa n’ababuranyi [38] Abahagarariye Kirehe Investment Company Ltd basaba ko yahabwa n’Urwego Finance 5,000,000 Frw y’igihembo cy’Avoka ku nzego zose (kuva mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi kugeza mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga) na 5,000,000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza, akubiyemo ay ‘ingendo yakoze mu gihe cy’amezi 29. [39] Abahagarariye Urwego Finance bavuga ko indishyi zisabwa na Kirehe Investment Company Ltd nta shingiro zifite, ahubwo ko bashingiye ku ngingo za 111 na 152 z’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, n’ingingo ya 26 y’Amabwiriza N° 01/2014 agena ibihembo mbonera by’Abavoka, basaba Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ko rwategeka Kirehe Investment

2 Iyi ngingo iteganya ko ubugwate bugira agaciro iyo bumaze kawandikwa n’Umwanditsi Mukuru.

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Company Ltd kuyiha indishyi zo kuyishora mu manza ku maherere zingana na 3,000,000 Frw ndetse na 500,000 Frw y'ikurikiranarubanza na 1,500,000 Frw y'igihembo cya Avoka yose hamwe akaba 5,000,000 Frw. [40] Abahagarariye Kirehe Investiment Company Ltd bavuga ko indishyi zisabwa n’Urwego Finance zidakwiye guhabwa ishingiro kubera ko ariyo yakoze nabi amasezerano y’ingwate yagarutsweho muri uru rubanza. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [41] Ku byerekeranye n’indishyi zinyuranye zisabwa na Kirehe Investment Company Ltd, Urukiko rurasanga ntazo igomba guhabwa kubera ko ntacyo itsindiye muri uru rubanza. [42] Ku birebana n’indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza zisabwa n’abahagarariye Urwego Finance, Urukiko rurasanga ntazo igomba guhabwa kubera ko itagaragaza ko Kirehe Investment Company Ltd itanga ikirego yari igamije kuyishora mu manza gusa. Rurasanga ariko amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cya Avoka yo igomba kuyahabwa, ariko kubera ko ayo isaba ari umurengera kandi ikaba idasobanura ko ariyo yakoresheje ku rubanza, mu bushishozi bwarwo, Urukiko ruyigeneye 300.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza na 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka kuri uru rwego. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [43] Rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Kirehe Investment Company Ltd kigamije gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza RCOMA 00622/2024/HCC rwaciwe ku wa 10/11/2023 n'Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, nta shingiro gifite; [44] Rwemeje ko ntagihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza 00622/2024/HCC rwaciwe n'Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ku itariki ya 10/11/2023; [45] Rutegetse Kirehe Investment Company Ltd guha Urwego Finance CBC Ltd. 800.000 Frw akubiyemo ay’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza kuri uru rwego, yiyongera kuri 800.000 Frw yaciwe mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, yose hamwe akaba 1.600.000 Frw.