KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA SARL v. GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL SARL

# KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA SARL v. GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL SARL

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2015-10-23 - Case/document no.: RCOM 0002/13/CS - Collection: Supreme Court

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KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA SARL v. GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL SARL [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – RCOM 0002/13/CS ( Mukanyundo, P.J., Kanyange na Ngagi, J.) 23 Ukwakira 2015] Amategeko agenga amasezerano cyangwa imirimo nshinganwa – Amasezerano y’ubugure – Mu gihe ugura n’ugurisha bumvikanye ku giciro no ku kintu kigurishwa, bigaragaza mu buryo budashidikanywaho ko habaye amasezerano y’ubugure bwuzuye – Itegeko ryo kuwa 30/07/1888 ryerekeye amasezerano cyangwa imirimo nshinganwa, ingingo ya 81 ya 258, ya, n’iya 270 . Amategeko agenga amasezerano cyangwa imirimo nshinganwa – Amasezerano y’ubugure – inkomyi nsesamasezerano – Kuba impande zombi zakoze amasezerano zarumvikanye gufatanya kwihutisha ihererekanyamutungo nyuma y’ukwezi kumwe, ntibyafatwa nk’inkomyi nsesamasezerano kuko ntaho zateganyije ko icyo gihe kiramutse kirangiye iryo hererekanyamutungo ritarakorwa, amasezerano azaseswa – Itegeko ryo kuwa 30/07/1888 ryerekeye amasezerano cyangwa imirimo nshinganwa, ingingo ya 264. Amategeko agenga amasezerano cyangwa imirimo nshinganwa – Ubugure – Igurisha ry’ikintu kimwe ku bantu babiri cyarimwe – Iyo bigaragaye ko umuguzi nk’undi muntu wese, atari azi ko umugurisha atari we nyir’ikintu yagurishije, kandi akaba yamufashe nka nyiracyo, icyo gihe iteshagaciro ry’ayo masezerano ntabwo riba rigishoboka – Itegeko ryo kuwa 30/07/1888 ryerekeye amasezerano cyangwa imirimo nshinganwa, ingingo ya 276 iya 282, n’iya 650. Indishyi – Indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza – Umuburanyi ntiyaryozwa indishyi mu gihe mu gushorwa mu manza k‘undi muburanyi bidakomoka ku makosa ye – Itegeko ryo kuwa 30/07/1888 ryerekeye amasezerano cyangwa imirimo nshinganwa, ingingo ya 258. Incamake y’ikibazo: KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA SARL yagiranye na Kananira Léonard amasezerano y’ubukode y’igihe cy’imyaka 30 bwa Petrol ya Station ya lisansi ku mafaranga 120.000.000 frws. Kananira nawe yaje kuyigurisha na GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL SARL, iyi nayo ikomeza amasezerano y’ubukode KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA SARL yakoranye na Kananira, impande eshatu zisinya amasezerano y’inyongera (avenant) ku masezerano y’ubukode. GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL SARL nyuma nayo yifuje kugurisha Petrol station, isaba KOBIL kuyigura ivuga ko ariyo ifite uburenganzire bwo kuyigura mbere y’undi uwo ariwe wese, babyemeranywaho ku giciro cya 185.000.000 frws, impande zombi zikora MoU bumvikana ko Kobil izatanga ikiguzi aruko iyo Petrol station yari icyanditswe kuri Kananira Leonard imaze kwandikwa kuri GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL SARL, kandi impande zombi zigafatanya kugira ngo ihererekanyamutungo (mutation) mu gihe cy’ukwezi kumwe bakabona gukora amasezerano nyirizina, bumvikana ariko ko icyo nikirenga ihererekanyamutungo ritarakorwa bakongera ikindi gihe ari uko impande zombi zibyumvikanyeho. Icyo gihe cyaje gushira Petrol station itarabasha kwandikwa ku mazina ya GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL, KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA SARL nayo itarishyura ikiguzi bumvikanye kandi hagati aho nta kindi gihe cy’inyongera impande zombi zongeye kumvikana nk’uko byateganywaga muri MoU.

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GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL yaje kumenyesha KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA SARL ko MoU basinye nta gaciro igifite kubera ko igihe cy’ukwezi kumwe bihaye cyarenze kandi ko kitigeze cyongerwa kandi ko iyihaye integuza y’amezi 6 ngo ibe yasubije Petrol station kubera ko yabonye undi muguzi, ariko ibishatse yakwishyura ikiguzi, ibyangombwa bigakomeza gushakishwa. KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA SARL iyisubiza ko ariyo ifite uburenganzira bwo kugura mbere y’abandi kandi ko itashobora kuyivamo ivuga ko ntawundi wemerewe kuyigura. GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL yongeye kwandikira KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA SARL iyibutsa ko amafaranga y’ubukode yari yarishyuye yarangiye n’umwaka wa 2011, kandi ko integuza y’amezi 6 yatangiye ariko ko yongerewe igihe kidashobora kongera kongerwa, igahita isubiza Petrol station kuko yamaze kugurwa na Mukaremera Francine. KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA SARL yahise irega GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL mu Rukuki Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi isaba ko rwayihatira kubahiriza amasezerano bagiranye inasaba ko amasezerano y’ubugure yakozwe hagati ya GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL hamwe na Mukaremera yateshwa agaciro kubera ko yakozwe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko, inasaba kandi indishyi zo kwica nkana amasezerano, no gutanga igihembo cya Avoka gihwanye na 3% y’igiciro cya Station. Mukaremera Francine nawe agoboka muri urwo rubanza. Urukiko rwemeza ko ikirego cya KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA SARL nta shingiro gifite kubera ko hari impamvu nsesamasezerano yabayeho yari yarateganyijwe mu masezerano y’ubugure aho impande zombi zumvikanye ko ziyemeje ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano y’ubugure mu gihe ntarengwa cy’ukwezi kumwe kandi kikaba cyararenze. Urukiko rutegeka kandi KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA SARL kwishyura GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL hamwe na Mukaremera indishyi. KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA SARL yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga ivuga ko ibimenyetso byayo byirengagijwe ntibyahabwa agaciro, ivuga ko nta mpamvu nsesamasezerano impande zombi zigeze zishyirwaho, inavuga ko nta mpamvu n’imwe yari gutuma amasezerano y’ubukode bw’imyaka 30 yari ifite yaseswa kubera ko itananiwe kwishyura amafaranga y’ubukode bwari busigaye bw’imyaka 26, isaba ko GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL igomba gucibwa indishyi y’igihombo yatejwe no gusesa amasezerano y’ubukode nta mpamvu. Ku birebana no kumenya niba harabaye amasezerano y’ubugure bwa Petrol station hagati ya KOBIL na GARAGE AUTO SARL, uhagarariye KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA SARL avuga ko nta gaciro kahawe MoU igaragaza ko habaye amasezerano y’ubugure hagati ya Garage na Kobil ku giciro cya 185.000.000,kandi hakaba harishyuwe 13.195.000 frws, avuga ko ibi bigaragaza ko ubugure bwabaye, icyari gisigaye ari uko KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA SARL yishyura amafaranga yari asigaye ari uko iherekanyamutungo ribaye. Uhagarariye Mukaremera waguze Petrol station avuga ko nta bugure bwabayeho ko ahubwo habayeho gusezeranya ubugure, avuga ko MoU atari amasezerano, avuga kandi ko amasezerano yagombaga kuba yarakorewe kwa noteri, ko ihererekanyamutungo yari inkomyi y’ibanze y’ubugure. Uhagarariye KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA SARL avuga ko ishingano y’igurisha ari ugushyikiriza umuguzi icyo yaguze, asaba ko amasezerano y’ubugure KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA SARL yagiranye na Garage Auto yakubahirizwa, KOBIL igasubizwa station

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yaguze, ikanishyura amafaranga yari asigaye ku kiguzi. Uhagarariye GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL we akavuga ko nta masezerano y’ubugure yari agihari kubera ko nta igihe cy’ukwezi cyarangiye nta hererekanyamutungo rikozwe. Uhagarariye GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL asaba ko yahabwa indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza nta mpamvu. Uhagarariye KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA SARL asubiza avuga ko yibaza impamvu y’indishyi mu gihe hari amasezerano y’ubukode n’ay’ubugure atigeze aseswa kugeza ubu. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Kuba impande zombi , nyuma yaho zikumvikana ku giciro no ku kintu kigurishwa, bigaragaza mu buryo budashidikanywaho ko habaye ho amasezerano y‘ubugure bwuzuye. 2. Kuba impande zombi zakoze amasezerano zarumvikanye gufatanya kwihutisha ihererekanyamutungo nyuma y’ukwezi kumwe, ntibyafatwa nk’inkomyi nsesamasezerano kuko ntaho zateganyije ko icyo gihe kiramutse kirangiye iryo hererekanyamutungo ritarakorwa, amasezerano azaseswa. 3. Iyo bigaragaye ko umuguzi nk’undi muntu wese, atari azi ko umugurisha atari we nyir’ikintu yagurishije, kandi akaba yamufashe nka nyiracyo, icyo gihe iteshagaciro ry’ayo masezerano ntabwo riba rigishoboka, ariko uwagurishije abitangira indishyi. 4. Kuba ukutubahiriza amasezerano bidakomoka ku makosa y‘uzisabwa, ibyo byumvikanisha ko itaryozwa indishyi zishingiye k’ugukururwa mu manza . Ubujurire bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe. Urubanza rwajuririwe ruhindutse kuri bimwe. Amagarama y’urubanza aherereye kuwarezwe. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko ryo kuwa 30/07/1888 ryerekeye amasezerano cyangwa imirimo nshinganwa, ingingo ya 81, ya 258, ya 264, ya 270, ya 276, iya 282 n’iya 650 . Nta manza zifashishijwe. Inyandiko z’abahanga 1.Alain BENABENT, Droit civil: Les contrats spéciaux civils et commerciaux, 8e édition, Paris, Montchrestien, 2008, p. 85). 2. Laurent COLLON, Vente d’immeuble: un contrat parfait par le seul accord sur la chose et le prix, article publié le 25/01/2011.

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Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Kuwa 24/01/2007, KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA SARL yagiranye na KANANIRA Léonard amasezerano y’ubukode bw’igihe cy’imyaka 30 bwa “ Petrol Station” ya lisansi iri mu Karere ka Kicukiro, mu kibanza n°2131, ku mafaranga miliyoni ijana na makumyabiri (120.000.000 Frw). Kuwa 24/09/2008, KANANIRA Léonard yaje kugurisha iyo “Petrol station”, GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL SARL yemeye gukomeza ayo amasezerano y’ubukode KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA SARL yari ifitanye na KANANIRA Léonard, hanyuma kuwa 27/10/2008 impande zose uko ari eshatu zisinya amasezerano y’inyongera ku masezerano y’ubukode (avenant) yemeza ko amasezerano y’ubukode azakomeza hagati ya GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL SARL na KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA SARL. [2] Mu mwaka wa 2009, GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL SARL nayo yifuje kugurisha iyo “ Petrol station”, isaba KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA SARL kuyigura kuko ariyo yari ifite uburenganzira bwo kugura iyo “ Petrol station” mbere y’undi uwo ariwe wese (Droit de préemption) nk’uko byateganywaga n’ingingo ya 5 y’amasezerano y’ubukode. [3] Impande zombi zaje kwemeranya ko “Petrol Station” igurwa na KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA ku giciro cya 185.000.000 Frw (USD 308.333), zikora “Memorandum of Understanding"(MoU) bumvikana ko KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA SARL izatanga ikiguzi ari uko iyo “Petrol station” yari icyanditswe kuri KANANIRA Léonard imaze kwandikwa kuri GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL SARL kandi impande zombi zigafatanya kugira ngo iryo hererekanyamutungo (mutation) ribe ryakozwe mu gihe cy’ukwezi kumwe, bakabona gukora amasezerano nyirizina, ihererekanyamutungo ryaba ritarakorwa, icyo gihe cy’ukwezi kikongerwa ari uko impande zombi zibyumvikanyeho. [4] Icyo gihe cy’ukwezi cyaje gushira “Petrol station” itarabasha kwandikwa mu mazina ya GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL SARL ndetse na KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA SARL itarishyurwa ikiguzi bumvikanye kandi nta kindi gihe cy’inyongera impande zombi zongeye kumvikanaho nk’uko byateganywaga muri “MoU“. [5] Kuwa 04/03/2011 GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL yandikiye KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA iyimenyesha ko, nk’uko babiganiriyeho, ikomeje gukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo ihererekanyamutungo rikorwe, ariko ko KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA isabwa kwishyura ikiguzi cya “Petrol Station” bitarenze kuwa 07/03/2011 kandi bitaba ibyo “Petrol station” ikagurishwa undi muguzi wakwemera kuyigura byihuse atitaye ku ihererekanyamutungo

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“mutation”. Kuri iyo tariki, KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA yandikiye GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL iyisubiza ko itazishyura ikuguzi cya “Petrol station” hatabanje kubahirizwa ibyasezeranweho muri “MoU“.ko “ Petrol station” igomba kubanza kwandikwa kuri GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL. [6] Kuwa 11/03/2011, GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL yamenyesheje KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA ko MoU basinye nta gaciro igifite kubera ko igihe cy’ukwezi bari biyemeje cyarenze kandi ko kitigeze cyongerwa ku bwumvikane bw’impande zombi, cyane ko KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA ntacyo yigeze iyifasha mu gushaka ihererekanyamutungo kandi yari yarabyiyemeje. Yayimenyesheje kandi ko yabonye undi muguzi wemera kugura “Petrol station” mu gihe ibyangombwa bigishakwa ariko ko KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA ibishatse yakwishyura ikiguzi, ibyangombwa bigakomeza gushakwa. [7] Kuwa 04/04/2011 KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA yasubije iyo baruwa ikomeza ivuga ko ariyo ifite uburenganzira bwo kugura mbere y’abandi. Kuwa 11/04/2011, GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL yamenyesheje KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA ko iyihaye integuza y'amezi 6 ngo ibe yasubije “Petrol station”, hanyuma KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA isubiza ko idashobora kuyivamo kuko nta wundi wemerewe kuyigura. [8] Kuwa 21/10/2011, GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL yanditse yibutsa KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA ko amafaranga y’ubukode yari yarishyuye arangirana n’uwo mwaka kandi ko integuza yarangiye ariko ko yongerewe igihe kidashobora kongera kongerwa kizarangira kuwa 01/01/2012, igahita isubiza “Petrol station” kuko yamaze kugurwa n’undi witwa MUKAREMERA Francine. [9] KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA yareze GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, isaba ko Urukiko rwayihatira kubahiriza amasezerano bagiranye, gutesha agaciro amasezerano y’ubugure yakozwe hagati ya GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL na MUKAREMERA Francine mu buryo budakurikije amategeko, gutanga indishyi zo kwica nkana amasezerano zihwanye na 10.000.000 Frw no gutanga igihembo cya Avoka gihwanye na 3% y’igiciro cya “Petrol Station”, MUKAREMERA Francine agoboka muri urwo rubanza. [10] Urukiko rwaciye urubanza nº RCOM 0286/11/HCC kuwa 13/12/2012, rwemeza ko ikirego cya KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA nta shingiro gifite kubera ko hari impamvu nsesamasezerano (condition résolutoire) yabayeho, iyo mpamvu ikaba yari yarateganyijwe mu isezeranya ry‘ubugure (promesse de vente) yo kuwa 22/01/2011, aho mu gace kayo ka nyuma, impande zombi zumvikanye ko ziyemeje gufatanya ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano y’ubugure mu gihe ntarengwa cy’ukwezi kumwe, keretse impande zombi zumvikanye ko icyo gihe cyongerwa (The two parties have committed to work together in facilitating to conclusion of the transaction within a maximum period of one month. However, the two parties may extend this period subject to review); ruyitegeka kwishyura GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL indishyi zingana na 3.000.000 Frw, no kwishyura MUKAREMERA Francine indishyi zingana na 2.000.000 Frw. [11] KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA ntabwo yishimiye iki cyemezo, ijurira mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga ivuga mu myanzuro yatanze ko:

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-Ibimenyetso byayo byirengagijwe ndetse ntibyahabwa agaciro kuko nta mpamvu nsesamasezerano impande zombi zigeze zishyiraho; -Ikirego cyayo cy’inyongera kitasuzumwe ndetse nticyahabwa agaciro, aho yagaragaje ko mu byabaye byose nta mpamvu n’imwe yari gutuma amasezerano y’ubukode bw’imyaka 30 KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA yari ifite aseswa kubera ko itigeze yanga cyangwa inanirwa kwishyura amafaranga y’ubukode bwari busigaye bw’imyaka 26; kandi ko, hashingiwe ku ngingo za 264, 270, 399-401 z’Igitabo cya gatatu cy’urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano yerekeye imirimo nshinganwa, ari yo yagombaga kugura iyo “ Petrol station” kubw’amasezerano y’ubukode (droit de préemption) hamwe n’amasezerano yo kuwa 22/01/2011; kandi ko ibyo bidashobotse, GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL igomba gucibwa indishyi zingana na USD 2,700,000 y’igihombo yatejwe no gusesa amasezerano y’ubukode nta mpamvu ifatika. -Umucamanza yagaragaje ukubogama mbere y’uko aburanisha urubanza mu mizi kuko kuwa 01/03/2012 yafashe icyemezo cy’uko amasezerano yabaye hagati ya KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA na GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL ndetse n’amasezerano yabaye hagati ya MUKAREMERA Francine na GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL abaye asubitswe kugeza igihe urukiko ruzabifatiraho icyemezo, ariko ko nyuma y’uko kitubahirijwe na MUKAREMERA Francine na GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL, umucamanza yabimenyeshejwe ndetse asabwa kubihagarika mu gihe urubanza rutarasuzumwa, hanyuma ntiyagira icyo abikoraho; -Yategetswe kwishyura GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL indishyi zihwanye na 5.000.000 Frw kandi ari yo yagiriwe akarengane. [12] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame kuwa 15/09/2015, KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA iburanirwa na Me RUTABINGWA Athanase, GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL iburanirwa na Me BATWARE Jean Claude, naho MUKAREMERA Francine aburanirwa na Me NZIRABATINYI Fidèle afatanije na Me TWAYIGIZE Jean Claude. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYABYO a.Kumenya niba kuwa 22/01/2011 harabaye amasezerano y’ubugure bwa Petrol Station hagati ya KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA na GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL [13] Me RUTABINGWA Athanase uburanira KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA, avuga ko ikibazo gikomeye cyasuzumwa muri uru rubanza ari uko nta gaciro kahawe MoU” yo kuwa ‟ 22/01/2011 igaragaza neza ko habaye amasezerano y’ubugure bwa “ Petrol station” hagati ya GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL (ugurisha) na KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA (umuguzi), ku giciro cya 185.000.000 Frw, ndetse ko hari hamaze kwishyurwa 13.195.000 Frw yari asigaye ku masezerano y’ubukode, hakaba haragombaga kwishyurwa asigaye angana na 171.085.000 Frw, bityo rero bikaba bigaragara ko ubugure bwari bwabaye, ko inshingano yari isigaye ari uko KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA yari kwishyura amafaranga asigaye ari uko ihererekanyamutungo ribaye, nk’uko bigaragara ku rupapuro rwa kabiri, agace ka 3 ka Memorandum of Understanding. [14] Me RUTABINGWA Athanase akomeza avuga ko icyo Urukiko rwashingiyeho ruvuga ko hari impamvu nsesamasezerano ari ingingo y‘amasezerano igaragara ku rupapuro rwa gatatu

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igika cya nyuma cya “MoU“, ariko ko iyo ngingo y‘amasezerano (clause) rwayumvise nabi kuko itavuga ko mu gihe ukwezi kumwe kuzaba kurangiye ihererekanyamutungo ritarakorwa, amasezerano azaba asheshwe. Akomeza avuga ko inshingano yo gukora ihererekanyamutungo hagati ya KANANIRA Léonard na GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL itarebaga KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA, ko ahubwo hari urwandiko rwo kuwa 04/03/2011 umuyobozi wa GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL yandikiye KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA, avuga ko bagikomeza gushakisha uburyo bakora ihererekanyamutungo kandi ko amasezerano ateganya ko amafaranga yasigaye azishyurwa ari uko iryo hererekanyamutungo ryakozwe. [15] Me RUTABINGWA Athanase akomeza avuga ko inshingano y’ugurisha ari ugushyikiriza umuguzi icyo yaguze, bityo GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL ikwiye kwereka urukiko ko yagiye ku Karere gushaka impapuro zo kuzuza “Formulaires”, ikazuzuza kuko ari yo yari ifite ibyangombwa byose. Yabajijwe icyo bateganyaga mu gihe ihererekanyamutungo ryaramuka rinaniranye, asubiza ko ubwo bugure bwaje hari amasezerano y’ubukode bw’igihe kirekire, ko ku bwabo bumvaga ko, iryo hererekanyamutungo ridashobotse, hari kugumaho ubukode nk’uko babyemeranyijweho ubwo KANANIRA Léonard yagurishaga iyo “petrol station“. [16] Me BATWARE Jean Claude uburanira GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL, avuga ko nta masezerano y’ubugure (contrat de vente) yabayeho, ko ahubwo habayeho gusezeranya ubugure (promesse de vente); ko KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA yagombaga gufatanya na GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL mu mihango yo gukora ihererekanyamutungo kandi ko ari yo yari ibifitemo inyungu. Asoza avuga ko nyuma y’ukwezi kumwe guteganijwe muri “MoU“, iyi “ MoU“, yari iteshejwe agaciro, bityo ko GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL yagombaga gusubirana umutungo wayo. [17] Me NZIRABATINYI Fidèle, uburanira MUKAREMERA Francine, avuga ko amasezerano agira igihe cyayo arangiriraho, ko kuba ukwezi kumwe impande zombi zashyize muri “MoU“ kwararangiye nta hererekanyamutungo rikozwe kandi ntihongerwe ikindi gihe, ibyo bivuga ko inkurikizi zabyo ari uko amasezerano yataye agaciro; bityo uku kwezi kukaba gufatwa nk’inkomyi nsesamasezerano, GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL ikaba itari igifite inshingano zo kugurisha KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA iriya “ Petrol station”. [18] Me TWAYIGIZE Jean Claude, nawe uburanira MUKAREMERA Francine, ashimangira ko nta bugure bwabayeho ko ahubwo habayeho gusezeranya ubugure (promesse de vente), ashingiye ko “MoU“ atari amasezerano, ko ihererekanyamutungo yari inkomyi y’ibanze (condition préalable) y’ubugure, ko kandi amasezerano yagombaga kuba yakorewe kwa noteri, ko n’amafaranga y’ubukode atigeze ahinduka avansi. Asoza avuga ko kubera igihe cy’ukwezi kumwe impande zombi zumvikanyeho cyarangiye hatabaye ihererekanyamutungo ibintu byagombaga gusubira uko byari bimeze mbere. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [19] Ku bijyanye no kumenya niba amasezerano y‘ubugure yarabayeho, ingingo ya 264 y’Igitabo cya gatatu cy’urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano yerekeye imirimo nshinganwa cyangwa amasezerano ivuga ko: “Igurisha riba ryuzuye hagati y’abagiranye amasezerano,

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kandi umugurisha akanegurira burundu umuguzi icyagurishijwe mu gihe bumvikanye ku kintu no ku giciro cyacyo n’ubwo ikigurishwa kiba kitari cyishyurwa”. [20] Ibiteganywa n’iyo ngingo bisobanurwa na none n’umuhanga mu mategeko Alain BENABENT aho avuga ko igurisha ryubahiriza ihame ryo kwiyemerera, aho avuga ko kumvikana ku bushake bw’abagiranye amasezerano, nubwo kwaba gukozwe mu magambo, guhagije kugira ngo amasezerano abe yuzuye. Akomeza asobanura ko iri hame ritareba gusa igurisha ry’umutungo wimukanwa, ko ahubwo rinareba n’igurisha ry’umutungo utimukanwa1. [21] Ibimaze kuvugwa bishimangirwa na none n’undi muhanga mu mategeko Laurent COLLON usobanura ko kuva kera Inkiko zagiye zemera ko igurisha ry’umutungo utimukanwa, riba ryuzuye mu gihe abagiranye amasezerano y’ubugure bumvikanye ku kintu no ku giciro (...)2. [22] Ingingo ya 270 y’Igitabo cya gatatu cy’urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano cyavuzwe haruguru, ivuga ko: “Ugusezeranya ubugure gufatwa nk’igurisha mu gihe impande zombi zemeranyijwe ku kintu no ku giciro”. [23] Ingingo ya 81, igika cya 1 y’Igitabo cya gatatu cy’urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano cyavuzwe haruguru yakurikizwaga igihe “MoU“ yakorwaga, ivuga ko: ‟Inkomyi nsesamazerano ni iteye ku buryo iyo ibaye impamo, ivanaho inshingano kandi igasubiza ibintu uko byari bimeze nk’aho inshingano itigeze ibaho.”3. [24] Ku birebana n’uru rubanza, MoU” yo kuwa 22/01/2011 igaragaza ko GARAGE AUTO ‟ IMPERIAL yemeye kugurisha KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA Petrol Station” yayo ‟ iherereye Kigali, mu Karere ka Kicukiro, mu kibanza nº 2131, ariko ikaba yari isanzwe iyikodesha. MoU” igaragaza na none ko impande zombi, umuguzi n’ugurisha, zagiye mu ‟ mishyikirano kandi zemeranya ku giciro cya 185.000.000 Frw ahwanye na USD 308.333 (The two parties the buyer and the Seller have negotiated and agreed at a price of Rfw 185,000,000 (One Hundred and Eighty Five Million Only) equivalent to USD 308,333 (Three Hundred and Eight Thousand Three Hundred and Three Only)4. Impande zombi zemeranyije na none gufatanya kugira ngo zihutishe ihererekanyamutungo mu gihe kitarenze ukwezi kumwe, ariko iki gihe kikaba gishobora kongerwa ku bwumvikane bw’impande zombi (The two parties have committed to work together in facilitating to conclusion of transaction within a maximum period of one month. However, this period may be extended subject to review by the two parties). [25] Urukiko rurasanga, kuba impande zombi zarabanje kujya mu mishyikirano, nyuma yaho zikumvikana ku giciro (185.000.000 Frw) no ku kintu kigurishwa (Petrol station iri Kicukiro), 1 La vente est soumise au principe du consensualisme: le simple accord de volontés, fût-il verbal, suffit donc à la conclusion valable du contrat. La règle concerne non seulement les ventes mobilières (…) , mais aussi la matière immobilière (Alain BENABENT, Droit civil: Les contrats spéciaux civils et commerciaux, 8e édition, Paris, Montchrestien, 2008, p. 85). 2 Durant de nombreuses années, les cours et tribunaux ont considéré que, même lorsqu’elle porte sur un bien immobilier, la vente est parfaite dès que l’on prouve que le consentement a porté sur la chose et sur le prix […], (Laurent COLLON, Vente d’immeuble: un contrat parfait par le seul accord sur la chose et le prix, article publié le 25/01/2011). 3 Iyi ngingo ihwanye n’ingingo ya 79 y’Itegeko nº 45/2011 ryo kuwa 25/11/2011 rigena amasezerano. 4 Reba Memorandum of Understanding yo kuwa 22/01/201, P. 1.

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nkuko biteganijwe muri “ MoU“ yo kuwa 22/01/2011, bigaragaza mu buryo budashidikanywaho ko habaye ho amasezerano y‘ubugure bwuzuye (vente parfaite) nkuko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 264 y’igitabo cya gatatu cy’urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano cyavuzwe haruguru. [26] Urukiko rurasanga kandi ibisobanuro by’ingingo ya 264 yavuzwe haruguru, ari na byo byagarutsweho mu rubanza nº RCAA 0003/13/CS aho Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rushingiye ku bisobanuro byatanzwe n’umuhanga Laurent Collon, mu gitabo cye cyitwa ‟Vente d’immeuble”, rwemeje ko igura riba ryuzuye mu gihe abagiranye amasezerano y’ubugure bumvikanye ku kigurishwa n’igiciro cyacyo, kabone n’ubwo bo ubwabo bashobora kwiyongereramo izindi shingano5. [27] Urukiko rurasanga ibivugwa na GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL ko“ Memorandum of Understanding“ yabaye hagati yayo na KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA ari ugusezeranya ubugure ntacyo byahindura ku bimaze gusobanurwa haruguru, kuko n’ubundi bigaragara ko impande zombi zumvikanye ku giciro no ku kintu nk’uko biteganwa n’ingingo ya 270 y’Igitabo cya gatatu cy’urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano6 cyavuzwe haruguru. [28] Urukiko rurasanga kuba impande zombi zarumvikanye y’uko zizafatanya kwihutisha ihererekanyamutungo mu gihe kitarenze ukwezi kumwe, bitafatwa nk’inkomyi nsesamasezerano (condition résolutoire) kubera ko ntaho bigaragara ko impande zombi zateganyije ko icyo gihe kiramutse kirangiye iryo hererekanyamutungo ritarakorwa, amasezerano azaseswa. Ikigaragara ni uko GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL na KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA bemeranyije y’uko icyo gihe bumvikanyeho gishobora kongerwa ku bwumvikane bw’impande zombi (However, this period may be extended subject to review by the two parties).Kuba ihererekanyamutungo ritarabayeho ntibyafatwa ko amasezerano yahise aseswa, kuko ntaho byari biteganijwe. b.Kumenya niba amasezerano yo kuwa 22/01/2011 yashyirwa mu bikorwa [29] Me RUTABINGWA Athanase avuga ko inshingano (obligation) y’ugurisha ari ugushyikiriza umuguzi icyo yaguze, bityo asaba ko amasezerano y’ubugure KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA yagiranye na GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL yakubahirizwa, KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA igasubizwa Petrol station yaguze, nayo ikishyura amafaranga 171.085.000 yari asigaye ku kiguzi. [30] Me BATWARE Jean Claude avuga ko kuba igihe cy‘ukwezi cyararangiye nta hererekanyamutungo rikozwe, nta masezerano y’ubugure yari agihari. Me NZIRABATINYI Fidèle na Me TWAYIGIZE Jean Claude baburanira Madamu MUKAREMERA Francine bavuga nabo ko ari ko babyumva. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [31] Ingingo ya 282 y’Igitabo cya gatatu cy’urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano cyavuzwe haruguru ivuga ko: Inshingano yo gushyikiriza ibitimukanwa iba yuzuye ku ruhande ‟ 5 Reba urubanza NºRCAA0003/13/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 31/01/2014 hagati ya Nteziryayo Eric na Rutabayiro Eric 6 ”Ugusezeranya ubugure gufatwa nk’ubugure mu gihe impande zombi zemeranijwe ku kintu no kugiciro”.

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ry’umugurisha iyo atanze imfunguzo, niba ari inyubako, cyangwa iyo yatanze impapuro zigaragaza nyirikintu”. [32] Ingingo ya 276 y’Igitabo cya gatatu cy’urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano cyavuzwe haruguru ivuga ko : « Igurisha ry’ikintu cy’undi ni impfa-busa ; rishobora gutangirwa indishyi iyo umuguzi atigeze amenya ko icyo kintu ari icy’undi ». [33] Urukiko rurasanga inshingano yo gushyikiriza umuguzi icyo yaguze itarubahirijwe n‘umugurisha kuko ihererekanyamutungo hagati ya KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA na GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL ritigeze rikorwa; ko ahubwo GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL yagurishije iyi Petrol station” kuri MUKAREMERA Francine, ndetse ikandikwa mu mazina ye, ‟ kandi mu rwego rw’amategeko hari hasigaye ko yegurirwa KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA nayo ikishyura amafaranga y’ikiguzi yari asigaye; ibi bikaba bigaragaza ko GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL yagurishije ikintu kitakiri icyayo, bivuga ko habayeho igurisha rya Petrol station” ‟ ku bantu babiri icyarimwe (double vente); bityo ikibazo gisigaye akaba ari ukumenya ugomba kwegurirwa iyo Petrol station” hagati ya KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA na Madamu ‟ MUKAREMERA Francine. [34] Ku birebana na MUKAREMERA, Urukiko rurasanga nta kimenyetso kigaragaza ko yaguze Petrol station” azi ko GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL yari yarayigurishije KOBIL ‟ PETROLEUM RWANDA mbere ye, kuko uburyarya bugomba gutangirwa ibimenyetso nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 650 y’Igitabo cya gatatu cy’urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano7. [35] Ku birebana no kuba umuntu waguze nta buryarya atagomba guhungabanyirizwa ubutunzi bw’icyo yaguze, byanashimangiwe n’Urukiko Rusesa imanza rwo mu Bufaransa aho rwavuze ko: “Igurisha ry’ikintu cy’undi ridateshwa agaciro iyo ugurisha yagaragaraga imbere y’umuguzi, nka nyir‘ikintu cyagurishijwe”8; ndetse n’umuhanga mu mategeko Joan DRAY akaba yarashimangiye ko iyo bigaragaye ko umuguzi, nk’undi muntu wese, atari azi ko umugurisha atari we nyir’ikintu yagurishije, kandi akaba yamufashe nka nyiracyo (théorie de l’apparence), icyo gihe iteshagaciro ry’ayo masezerano ntabwo riba rigishoboka9. Ibi byongeye kwemezwa no mu manza zaciwe n’Urukiko Rusesa imanza rwo mu Bufaransa, aho rwavuze ko: “Igurisha ry’umutungo utimukanwa rikozwe n’umuntu wari uzi ko uwo mutungo weguriwe undi muntu, aba ari ikosa ritemerera uwawuguze nyuma abizi ko yakwitwaza ko uwo mutungo umwanditsweho10. Iyo bigaragaye ko atari azi ko iryo gurisha ryabayeho, icyo igihe iryo gurisha rigumana agaciro karyo, kabone n’ubwo umuguzi yaza kubimenya nyuma11”. Rushingiye ku 7 Ingingo ya 650 y’igitabo cya gatatu cy’urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano, ivuga ko: “ Kutagira uburyarya bifatwa buri gihe nk’aho biriho kandi uwitwaza uburyarya bw’undi niwe ugomba kubutangira ikimenyetso” 8 La vente de la chose d’autrui n’est pas annulée lorsque le vendeur était pour l’acheteur, le propriétaire apparent de la chose (Cour de cassation, 1ère chamber civile, 18/11/1997, Bull.civ. 1997, I, nº 316; http://www.legavox.fr/blog/maitre-joan-dray/vente-chose-autrui-action-nullite, consulté ce 23/10/2015). 9 Cela suppose que l'acheteur ignorait, comme tout le monde, que le vendeur n'était pas propriétaire (http://www.legavox.fr/blog/maitre-joan-dray/vente-chose-autrui-action-nullite, consulté ce 23/10/2015) 10 L’acquisition d’un immeuble en connaissance de sa précédente cession à un tiers est constitutive d’une faute qui ne permet pas au second acquéreur d’invoquer à son profit les règles de la publicité foncière. (Civ. 3e, 30 janvier 1974, D., 1975, 427, note J. PENNEAU, cité par Alain BENABENT, Droit civil: Les contrats spéciaux civils et commerciaux, 8e édition, Paris, Montchrestien, 2008, p. 102) 11 Encore faut-il, pour que joue cette exception, que le tiers connaisse la vente au moment même de l’acte: s’il l’ignore peu importe qu’il l’apprenne ensuite. (Civ. 3e, 22 mai 1990, D. 1991.326, note Fournier, cité par Alain

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bimaze kuvugwa haruguru, Urukiko rurasanga ntaho rwahera rusaba MUKAREMERA Francine gusubiza Petrol station” amaranye imyaka igeze kuri itanu (5), kandi bigaragara ko nta buryarya ‟ yaba yaragize igihe yayiguraga; bityo ko bitashoboka ko amasezerano yo kuwa 22/01/2011 yashyirwa mu bikorwa. [36] Ku bijyanye n’icyo KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA yagenerwa, igihe bitagishobotse ko isubizwa Petrol station”, Urukiko rusanga, hari inkiko zemeje ko, ku mutungo utimukanwa, ‟ iyo guhatira gushyira mu bikorwa inshingano bitagishobotse, kubera ko uwo mutungo waguzwe n’undi muntu nta buryarya bumuturutseho, icyo gihe iryo rangizwa rikorwa mu mafaranga, hitawe ku gaciro kabariwe ku munsi w’urubanza (valeur actuelle du bien ). [37] Bityo rero, hashingiwe ku bimaze kuvugwa haruguru no ku nyungu z’ihame rikuru ry’ubutabera (principe supérieur de justice) ryemerera umucamanza gufata icyemezo abona ko kinogeye ubutabera n’ubwo hari andi mahame yaba yirengangijwe (Juris est ars boni et aecqui= le droit est l’art du bon et de l’équitable); Urukiko rurasanga GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL ikwiye gusubiza KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA agaciro kabazwe mu buryo bukurikira: amafaranga y’avansi yari yarahawe angana na 13.195.000 Frw, hiyongereyeho inyungu zayo zigomba kubarirwa kuri 18% ku mwaka nk’igipimo kigereranyije amabanki y’ubucuruzi atangiraho inguzanyo, kandi iyo nyungu ikabarwa kuva igihe amasezerano yashyiriweho umukono (kuwa 22/01/2011) kugeza ku munsi w’icibwa ry’urubanza (kuwa 23/10/2015), ni ukuvuga ko harimo imyaka ine, amezi icyenda n’iminsi itatu, iki gihe cyose kikaba gihwanye n’iminsi 1.713. Izo nyungu rero zikaba zingana na 11.301.517 Frw ( ), yose hamwe akaba ari 24.496.517 Frw (13.195.000 Frw+11.301.517 Frw). c.Kumenya niba indishyi zasabwe kuri uru rwego rw’ubujurire zatangwa [38] Me BATWARE Jean Claude uburanira GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL, avuga ko yuririye ku bujurire bwa KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA, asaba ko yahabwa 10.000.000 Frw kubera ko yakuruwe mu manza nta mpamvu, ndetse ikanahabwa 1.500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka. [39] Me TWAYIGIZE Jean Claude uburanira MUKAREMERA Francine, nawe avuga ko uwo aburanira agomba guhabwa amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza angana na 400.000 Frw. [40] Me RUTABINGWA Athanase avuga ko yibaza impamvu y’izo ndishyi zisabwa na GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL mu gihe hari amasezerano y’ubukode n’ay’ubugure atigeze aseswa kugeza ubu, ko n’indishyi za 5.000.000 Frw yaciwe ku rwego rwa mbere nta shingiro zifite kuko ari yo yagiriwe akarengane; naho Madamu MUKAREMERA Francine we akaba ari ntacyo yamuvugaho kuko KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA itigeze imurega. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [41] Ihame ni uko uryozwa indishyi ari umuntu bigaragara ko ikosa yakoze ari iryangirije undi, nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 258 y’Igitabo cya gatatu cy’urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano cyavuzwe haruguru, ivuga ko: “Igikorwa cyose cy'umuntu cyangirije undi gitegeka nyirugukora ikosa rigikomokaho kuriha ibyangiritse”. BENABENT, op. cit., p. 102).

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[42] Urukiko rurasanga rero kuba ukutubahiriza amasezerano y’ubugure bidakomoka ku makosa ya KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA, ibyo byumvikanisha ko itaryozwa indishyi zishingiye k’ugukururwa mu manza zasabwe na GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL na MUKAREMERA Francine, ndetse ko n’izo yari yaraciwe mu rubanza rwajuririwe zigomba kuvanwaho. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [43] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA SARL bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe. [44] Rwemeje ko urubanza nº RCOM 0286/11/HCC rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi kuwa 13/12/2012 ruhindutse kuri bimwe. [45] Rutegetse ko MUKAREMERA Francine agumana “Petrol station” yaguze. [46] Rutegetse GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL SARL kwishyura KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA SARL 24.496.517 Frw agizwe na 13.195.000 Frw y’avansi na 11.301.517 Frw y’inyungu yayo. [47] Rutegetse ko indishyi zingana na 5.000.000 Frw KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA SARL yari yaraciwe mu rubanza nº RCOM 0286/11/HCC zivanyweho. [48] Rutegetse GARAGE AUTO IMPERIAL SARL kwishyura amagarama y’urubanza angana na 100 000 Frw.