KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA v. MILIMO GASPARD

KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA v. MILIMO GASPARD

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2011-11-18 - Case/document no.: RCOMA 0010/11/CS - Collection: Supreme Court

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KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA v. MILIMO GASPARD [Rwanda SUPREME COURT – RCOMA 0010/11/CS (Nyirinkwaya , P.J., Kanyange na Hatangimbabazi , J.) 18 Ugushyingo 2011] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’ubucuruzi – Ikirego cyihutirwa – Iyakirwa ry’ikirego cyihutirwa gishingiye ku bujurire bw’urubanza rusubirishamo ingingo nshya – Kumenya niba ubujurire bw’urubanza rusubirishamo ingingo nshya bwakirwa cyangwa butakirwa ntibyasuzumwa ngo hishingirweho mu kwakira cyangwa kutakira ikirego cyihutirwa kuko byaba bibangamiye urubanza rw’iremezo mu mizi yarwo – Itegeko nº 18/2004 ryo kuwa 20/6/2004 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 324 – Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’ubucuruzi – Ikirego cyihutirwa gisaba guhagarikisha irangizarubanza ryagateganyo – Iyo kurangiza urubanza by’agateganyo bishobora gutera umwe mu baburanyi igihombo kidasubirwaho, bifatwa nk’impanvu ituma iryo rangizarubanza rihagarikwa – Itegeko nº 18/2004 ryo kuwa 20/6/2004 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 320 – Incamake y’ikibazo: Milimo Gaspard yareze Kobil Petroleum Rwanda mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi avuga ko itubahirije amasezerano y’ubwikorezi bagiranye. Uru rukiko rwaciye urubanza Kobil idahari, rwemeza ko Kobil itubahirije amasezerano. Kobil nayo

yasubirishijemo urwo rubanza ( opposition ), Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeza ko iryo subirishamo ryakiriwe kuko Kobil yagaragaje impanvu ikomeye kandi itunguranye yatumye ititaba, iyo mpanvu akaba ari uko Avoka wayo yari arwaye kuri uwo munsi . Milimo nawe yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga, narwo rwemeza ko icyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko Rukuru kigomba guhinduka kuko ikimenyetso Milimo yatanze kigaragaza nta shiti ko uwo munsi Avoka wa kobil yari yagiye i Nyagatare kuburana, akaba atari arwaye. Kuwa 11/10/2011, kobil yatanze ikirego cyo gusubirishamo ingingo nshya, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeza ko icyo kirego kitakiriwe kuko byaba ari ukubangamira urubanza rw’iremezo kandi bitemewe . Kobil yajuririye imikirize y’urwo rubanza, itanga ikirego cyihutirwa gisaba guhagarika by’agateganyo irangiza ry’urubanza RCOM 0103/09/HCC. Uhagarariye Milimo Gaspard yasabye ko ikirego cyihutirwa kigamije gusubirishamo ingingo nshya kitagomba kwakirwa. Uhagarariye Kobil we avuga ko urubanza rushobora kujuririrwa kubera ko umucamanza atategetse ko urubanza rwa mbere rurangizwa. Mu gihe uhagarariye Kobil asaba ko irangizarubanza ryahagarikwa by’agateganyo kuko amakonti ya kobil yafatiriwe ikaba itabona uko irangura amavuta , kandi ko byateza ingaruka nyinshi mu bucuruzi. Uhagarariye Milimo Gaspard we akavuga ko nta ngaruka . Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Ubujurire bw’urubanza rusubirishamo ingingo nshya buharirwa umucamanza ugomba kuzashikirizwa ikirego cy’iremezo kuko ari ikibazo cy’isesengurwa ry’amategeko gishobora kuzagibwaho impaka mu rubanza rw’iremezo. Kugifataho umwanzuro mu kirego cyihutirwa bikaba byaba ari ukubangamira urwo rubanza kandi bitemewe. Bityo rero nticyashingirwaho hasuzumwa iyakira ry’ ikirego cyihutirwa . 1

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2. Kuba Milimo yarafatiriye amakonti ya Kobil bigatuma idashobora gukoresha amafaranga yayo byayiviramo igihombo kidasubirwaho kubwo guhagarika ibikorwa bijyanye n’ubucuruzi bw’amavuta. Bikaba ari impamvu ituma irangizarubanza rihagarikwa by’agateganyo kugeza urubanza rw’iremezo rufashweho icyemezo. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro. Amagarama y’urubanza aherera kuwareze. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko nº 18/2004 ryo kuwa 20/6/2004 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 320 n’iya 324. Nta manza zifashishijwe: Urubanza I. IMITERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Milimo Gaspard yareze KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA kuba itarubahirije amasezerano y’ubwikorezi bagiranye. Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwaburanishije urubanza n° RCOM 0103/09/HCC kuwa 09/03/2010 KOBIL idahari ariko yarahamagawe, ruca urubanza kuwa 06/08/2010, rwemeza ko KOBIL itubahirije amasezerano bari baragiranye, ruyitegeka guha Milimo 576.313.920 Frw y’igihombo yamuteje, 2.500.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cya Avoka na 5.000.000 Frw y’indishyi z’akababaro, yose hamwe akaba ari 583.813.920 Frw, ikanatanga 23.352.556 Frw y’umusogongero wa Leta. [2] KOBIL yasubirishijemo (opposition) urwo rubanza, ikirego cyayo cyandikwa kuri RCOM 0288/10/HCC, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi mu cyemezo cyo kuwa 25/11/2010, rwemeza ko isubirishwamo ry’urwo rubanza ryakiriwe kuko KOBIL

yagaragaje impamvu ikomeye kandi itunguranye yatumye ititaba kuwa 09/03/2010, iyo mpamvu akaba ari uko Avoka wayo yari arwaye kuri uwo munsi. [3] Milimo yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga, ruca urubanza RCOMA 0001/11/CS kuwa 25/03/2011, rwemeza ko icyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi kigomba guhinduka kuko ikimenyetso Milimo yatanze kigizwe n’urubanza RP O413/TGI/NYG rwaburanishijwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare kuwa 09/03/2010 kigaragaza nta shiti ko uwo munsi Avoka wa Kobil yari yagiye i Nyagatare kuburana, akaba atari arwaye. [4] Kuwa 05/10/2011, nibwo Milimo abifashijwemo n’umuhesha w‘inkiko yamenyesheje KOBIL imanza RCOM 0103/09/HCC na RCOMA 0001/11/CS, yishyuza amafaranga yatsindiye, anatangiza ifatira kuri konti za KOBIL ziri mu ma banki anyuranye. [5] Kuwa 11/10/2011, KOBIL yatanze ikirego cyo gusubirishamo ingingo nshya urubanza n° RCOM 0103/09/HCC, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ruca urubanza RCOM 0225/11/HCC kuwa 02/11/2011, rwemeza ko icyo kirego kitakiriwe. 2

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[6] KOBIL yajuririye imikirize y’urwo rubanza kuwa 07/11/2011 maze kuwa 08/11/2011 itanga ikirego cyihutirwa gisaba guhagarika by’agateganyo irangiza ry’urubanza RCOM 0103/09/HCC. [7] Itegeko rya Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ryashize iburanisha ry’uru rubanza kuwa 16/11/2011, uwo munsi rusanga ababuranyi bitabye, KOBIL ihagarariwe na Maître Nzamwita Toy, Milimo ahagarariwe na Maître Kayitare Serge. [8] Hakurikijwe imiburanire y’ababuranyi, hagomba kubanza gusuzumwa inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego yabyukijwe na Me Kayitare uburanira Milimo. II. IBIBAZO BIGOMBA GUSUZUMWA MURI URU RUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYABYO. a) Kumenya niba ikirego cyihutirwa cya KOBIL kitagomba kwakirwa kuko urukiko rwanze kwakira ikirego cya “revision” rutajuririrwa, rukaba rwararangije kuba itegeko ndakuka. [9] Me Kayitare Serge, uhagarariye Milimo Gaspard, avuga ko urubanza rusubirishwamo ingingo nshya rutajuririrwa, bityo ko urubanza RCOM 0225/11/HCC rwabaye itegeko, hakaba nta mpamvu n’imwe ishobora gutuma urubanza rwa mbere n° RCOM 0103/09/HCC rutarangizwa. [10] Avuga ko ibyo bishimangirwa n‘ingingo ya 189 y’Itegeko nº 18/2004 ryo ku wa 20/6/2004 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, mu gika cyayo cya 3, ivuga ko “iyo gusubirishamo urubanza bitemewe, urubanza ruciwe rugomba gutegeka ko urubanza rwa mbere rurangizwa

nk’uko rwaciwe nta gihindutse na busa“. [11] Avuga kandi ko hari ibyemezo byinshi byafashwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga bigaragaza ko nta bujurire bwemewe gukorerwa urubanza rwa “révision“, ingero akaba ari imanza RCAA 0065/09/CS na RCOM A 0001/06/CS. Agasobanura ko mu gihe bigaragara ko ubujurire bwakozwe na KOBIL budashobora kwakirwa kandi icyo kirego cyihutirwa aribwo gishingiyeho, byumvikana ko icyo kirego cyihutirwa nacyo kitagomba kwakirwa, ibi bikaba bisa n’ibyemejwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RADA 0023/06/CS haburana DISCENTRE na District ya Huye. [12] Me Nzamwita Toy, uhagarariye KOBIL, avuga ko mu rubanza RCOM 0288/10/HCC umucamanza atigeze ategeka ko urubanza rwa mbere n° RCOM 0103/09/HCC rurangizwa nk’uko rwaciwe nk’uko ingingo ya 189, al 3 y’Itegeko ryavuzwe ibivuga, kuba bitarategetswe gutyo bikaba bisobanura ko urubanza rushobora kujuririrwa. [13] Ku bijyanye n’imanza RCAA 0065/09/CS, RCOM A 0001/06/CS zatanzweho urugero, Me Nzamwita Toy avuga ko ntacyo yazivugaho mu gihe hatagaragajwe “dispositif“ z’imanza zajuririrwaga ngo harebwe niba zari zategetsemo ko urubanza rwa mbere rurangizwa nk’uko rwaciwe. 3

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[14] Avuga kandi ko urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi mu rwego rwa mbere cyangwa rwa kabiri rushobora kujuririrwa mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga iyo rwujuje ibisabwa n’amategeko. [15] Ingingo ya 324 y’Itegeko nº 18/2004 ryo kuwa 20/6/2004 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu ivuga ko « umucamanza uburanisha ibirego byihutirwa afata icyemezo ku bibazo byose byihuta, ariko mu buryo butabangamiye urubanza rw’iremezo mu mizi yarwo ». [16] Mu rubanza rwa DICSENTRE na District ya Huye rwatanzweho urugero na Me Kayitare, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasobanuye ko ingingo y’itegeko imaze kuvugwa itabuza umucamanza washyikirijwe ikirego cyihutirwa, kwanga kugisuzuma mu gihe bigaragara nta shiti ko ubujurire bw’iremezo bushobora kutakirwa, ruhereye kuri ibyo bisobanuro rwemeza ko ubwo bigaragara ko ikirego cy’iremezo cyatanzwe igihe cyo kujurira cyararenze, ikirego cyihutirwa kigishamikiyeho kitagomba kwakirwa. [17] Muri iyo dosiye, ikibazo cyaciriweho urubanza cyari icyo kumenya niba ikirego cya District ya Huye mu Rukiko Rukuru cyari cyaratanzwe mu gihe cy’ukwezi kumwe giteganywa n’itegeko ariko nta mpaka zihari ku buryo itegeko ubwaryo rigomba kumvikana. [18] Urukiko rusanga ikibazo cyo kumenya niba urubanza rwasubirishijwemo ingingo nshya rujuririrwa cyangwa rutajuririrwa, nubwo cyagiye gifatwaho

ibyemezo mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga, kigomba guharirwa umucamanza uzashyikirizwa ikirego cy‘iremezo kuko ari ikibazo cy‘isesengurwa ry’amategeko gishobora kuzagibwaho impaka mu rubanza rw‘iremezo, kugifataho umwanzuro mu kirego cyihutirwa bikaba byaba ari ukubangamira urwo rubanza kandi bitemewe nkuko bisobanurwa mu ngingo ya 324 y’Itegeko nº 18/2004 ryo kuwa 20/6/2004 ryavuzwe haruguru. b) Kumenya niba ihagarika ry’irangizarubanza risabwa rifite ishingiro [19] Me Nzamwita Toy avuga ko ikirego cya KOBIL gisaba ihagarika ry’irangizarubanza gishingiye ku ngingo ya 187 n’iya 320 y’Itegeko nº 18/2004 ryo kuwa 20/6/2004 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu. [20] Avuga ko impamvu ya mbere KOBIL ishingiraho isaba ko irangizarubanza rihagarikwa by‘agateganyo mu gihe urubanza rw’iremezo rutaraburanishwa ari uko iyo sosiyete itigeze yiregura muri urwo rubanza rurangizwa, biba ku mpamvu itayiturutseho kuko uwo yari yaratumye kugira ngo ayihagararire atubahirije ubutumwa yari yahawe, ntiyitaba urukiko umunsi wo kuburana, ikaba yumva itavutswa uburenganzira bwo kwiregura kuko ari uburenganzira budahungabanywa. [21] Avuga ko impamvu ya kabiri KOBIL ishingiraho ari uko ifite ibimenyetso bifatika bigaragaza ko urubanza rurimo kurangizwa rushingiye ku binyoma n’uburiganya Milimo yakoresheje mu rukiko. [22] Avuga ko impamvu ya gatatu KOBIL ishingiraho ari uko Milimo yatangiye ibikorwa byo kurangiza urubanza, ibyo bikorwa birimo ifatira ry’amafaranga ari kuri konti zayo mu ma banki 4

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n’ifatira ry’amavuta ari mu bubiko bwa Gasutamo bikaba bishobora gutuma amavuta abura n’abantu benshi babura imirimo, bikaba byahungabanya ubukungu bw’Igihugu. [23] Me Kayitare Serge avuga ko urubanza rurangizwa rwaciwe “par défaut” ya KOBIL mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, ko amategeko arengera abantu mu buryo bumwe, ko ibyabaye kuri KOBIL kuko ititabye urukiko byari no kuba kuri Milimo iyo atitaba, ko kandi niba avoka wayo atarubahirije ubutumwa yari yahawe, ikibazo kigomba kureberwa muri “relations” zabo. [24] Avuga kandi ko uburiganya KOBIL irega Milimo bwagombaga kugaragazwa mu rubanza yasabiraga gusubirishamo ingingo nshya, bukaba butaba impamvu yo guhagarika irangizarubanza kandi butarahawe agaciro. [25] Avuga nanone ko nta ngaruka irangizarubanza rifite ku bucuruzi bw’amavuta kuko, nk’uko bigaragazwa na kopi y’ibaruwa yagaragarije Urukiko, Milimo yandikiye KOBIL kuwa 11/11/2011 ayimenyesha ko mu nyungu z’ubutabera n’ababuranyi ayihaye uburenganzira bwo gucuruza amavuta yayo nk’uko bisanzwe ariko amafaranga akanyuzwa kuri konte ye kugeza umwenda imufitiye urangiye kwishyurwa. [26] Me Nzamwita Toy avuga ko ingaruka zigihari kuko amakonti ya KOBIL yafatiriwe, ikaba itabona uko irangura amavuta mu gihe ayo ifite muri stock azaba yarangiye, ko ndetse yiteguye gutanga ingwate mu rukiko kugira ngo irangizarubanza rihagarikwe. [27] Me Kayitare avuga ko gutanga ingwate bifite uko

bikorwa, atari ugupfa kuyivuga, ko iyo “procédure“ igomba gutangirwa ikirego, Urukiko rukabifataho icyemezo. [28] Ingingo ya 320 y’ Itegeko n° 18/2004 ryo kuwa 20/6/2004 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi nkuko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu ivuga ko “iyo hari ikirego cy’iremezo, ariko hagomba kugira icyemezwa by’agateganyo mu buryo bwihuta ku rubanza rwaregewe urukiko rutaraburanisha, ikirego cyihutirwa gishyikirizwa umucamanza ushinzwe kurangiza impaka zihutirwa. [29] Nubwo Me Kayitare Serge avuga ko nta ngaruka irangizarubanza ryagira ku bucuruzi bw’amavuta bwa KOBIL kuko Milimo yayemereye mu nyandiko yayandikiye gukomeza gucuruza ayo mavuta ariko amafaranga agashyirwa kuri konte ye, Urukiko rurasanga kuyibuza gukoresha amafaranga yayo bishobora kuyiviramo igihombo kidasubirwaho kubera guhagarika ibikorwa byayo bijyanye n’ubucuruzi bw’amavuta, ibi akaba ari impamvu ituma irangizarubanza rihagarikwa by’agateganyo kugeza urubanza rw’iremezo rufashweho icyemezo. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [30] Rwemeye kwakira ikirego cyihutirwa cyatanzwe na KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA kuko cyaje mu nzira zikurikije amategeko. [31] Ruvuze ko icyo kirego gifite ishingiro. [32] Rutegetse ko irangiza ry‘urubanza n° RCOM 0103/09/HCC rihagarara kugeza urubanza rw’iremezo rufashweho icyemezo. 5

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[33] Rutegetse KOBIL PETROLEUM RWANDA kwishyura amagarama y’uru rubanza angana na 10.500 Frw, itayatanga mu gihe gitegetswe, agakurwa mu byayo ku ngufu za Leta. 6