UBUSHINJABYAHA v. KUBWIMANA

# UBUSHINJABYAHA v. KUBWIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-03-21 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00103/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJABYAHA v. KUBWIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00103/2024/CA (Mukandamage P.J) 21Werurwe2025] Amategeko agenga ibimenyetso – Ibimenyetso mu manza nshinjabyaha – Mu manza nshinjabyaha, ibimenyetso byose bishobora gushingirwaho mu gihe bigaragaza ukuri kw’ibyabaye ababuranyi bakaba barahawe uburyo bwo kuhaba ngo banyomozanye, Urukiko nirwo rwemeza ko ibyo bimenyetso bishobora kwemerwa. Incamake y’Ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma Kubwimana akurikiranyweho icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana witwa U. D w’imyaka icumi (10) y’amavuko, bivugwa ko icyo cyaha yagikoze ubwo bari mu nzira bavuye mu bukwe. Uregwa yaburanye ahakana icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, avuga ko yatse uwo mwana telefone yari yamuhaye asanga yakuyemo simukadi hanyuma aramukubita, asaba ko yarenganurwa akagirwa umwere, kuko nta bimenyetso bimuhamya icyo cyaha. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rusanga hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Kubwimana yakoze icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, rumuhanisha ighano cy’igifungo cya burundu. Uregwa yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha atakoze, ko ibyo yemeye mu Bugenzacyaha yabitewe n’inkoni yakubiswe. Urwo Rukiko rwasanze ubujurire bwatanzwe na Kubwimana nta shingiro bufite, kubera ko ibimenyetso byashingiweho n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma bimuhamya icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka icumi (10) y’amavuko, ariko rushingiye ku mpamvu yuko ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu butabera, kuba nta kigaragaza ko yari asanganywe imyitwarire mibi no kuba yarakoze icyaha aribwo akigera mu myaka y’ubusore, rwamugabanyirije igihano rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’irindwi (17). Kubwimana yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bishidikanywaho, ko n’iperereza yasabye kugira ngo raporo ya Muganga isobanuke ritakozwe, agasaba kugirwa umwere. Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Kubwimana nta shingiro bufite, kubera ko ibimenyetso byose byashingiweho n’urukiko rwabanje byuzuzanya kandi bimuhamya icyaha. Buvuga kandi ko raporo ya Muganga igaragaza ko akarangabusugi k’umwana kakiriho, ariko ko igitsina cyahungabanye (traumatism) kandi imbere hatukuye (redness), ibyo bikaba bihura n’imvugo z’umwana n’iza Kubwimana mu Bugenzacyaha. Incamake y’Icyemezo: Mu manza nshinjabyaha, ibimenyetso byose bishobora gushingirwaho mu gihe bigaragaza ukuri kw’ibyabaye ababuranyi bakaba barahawe uburyo bwo kuhaba ngo banyomozanye, Urukiko nirwo rwemeza ko ibyo bimenyetso bishobora kwemerwa. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho:

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Itegeko Nº 062/2024 ryo ku wa 20/06/2024 rigenga ibimenyetso, Ingingo ya 87. Itegeko N° 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, ingingo ya 119. Imanza z’Ifashishijwe: Ubushinjacyaha vs Ndayishimiye, RPAA 00692/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/01/2023. Ubushinjacyaha vs Murerakure, RPAA 00036/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 23/01/2025. Urubanza I. Imiterere y’Urubanza [1] Kubwimana yacyetsweho gusambanya umwana witwa U.D w’imyaka icumi (10) y’amavuko, bivugwa ko icyo cyaha yagikoze ku wa 28/08/2019 saa moya z’ijoro (19h00’), ubwo bari mu nzira bavuye mu bukwe mu Mudugudu wa Runyinya, Akagari ka Mubuga, Umurenge wa Musaza, Akarere ka Kirehe, hanyuma amushukisha telefone, aramufata amupfuka umunwa amujyana mu gihuru aramusambanya, abonye itoroshi arikanga ahita yiruka, aza gufatwa ashyikirizwa Ubugenzacyaha. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma burega Kubwimana icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, busaba ko ahamwa n’icyo cyaha, agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu giteganywa n’ingingo ya 133 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [3] Uregwa yaburanye ahakana icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, avuga ko yatse uwo mwana telefone yari yamuhaye asanga yakuyemo simukadi hanyuma aramukubita, asaba ko yarenganurwa akagirwa umwere, kuko nta bimenyetso bimuhamya icyo cyaha. [4] Mu rubanza n° RP 00884/2019/TGI/NGOMA rwaciwe ku wa 27/01/2021, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma rwasanze hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Kubwimana yakoze icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, harimo imvugo ze mu iperereza, imvugo z’umwana wahohotewe n’ubuhamya bwa Mukabaziga Dorothée, ubwa Mbarushimana Théogène n’ubwa Mbarushimana Viateur, hanyuma rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu. [5] Kubwimana yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha atakoze, ko ibyo yemeye mu Bugenzacyaha yabitewe n’inkoni yakubiswe. Yasobanuye ko atamusambanyije umwana, ahubwo yamukubise urushyi kubera ko yari yishe telefone yari yamutije, bamubeshyera ko yamusambanyije, ko abatangabuhamya bamushinja nta n’umwe wamubonye akora icyo cyaha, ko raporo ya Muganga igaragaza ko igitsina cy’umwana cyahungabanye ariko ntigaragaze ko yasambanyijwe, ndetse ko mu ifatwa rye yasabye ko apimwa ntibikorwe, kandi ko atari gusambanya umwana bafitanye isano ya bugufi. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha bw’avuze ko ubujurire bwa Kubwimana nta shingiro bufite, kuko hari ibimenyetso bimuhamya icyaha, kandi atabasha gutanga ikimenyetso cy’uko yemeye icyaha kubera gukubitwa, asaba ko igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu yahawe kigumaho.

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[6] Mu rubanza nº RPA 00287/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe ku wa 29/01/2024, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwasanze ubujurire bwatanzwe na Kubwimana nta shingiro bufite, kubera ko ibimenyetso byashingiweho n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma bimuhamya icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka icumi (10) y’amavuko, ariko rushingiye ku mpamvu yuko ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu butabera, kuba nta kigaragaza ko yari asanganwe imyitwarire mibi no kuba yarakoze icyaha aribwo akigera mu myaka y’ubusore, rwamugabanyirije igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’irindwi (17). [7] Kubwimana yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa n° RPAA 00103/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 03/03/2025, Kubwimana yunganiwe na Me Rwenga Etienne, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Ntawangundi Béatrice, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [8] Mu myanzuro no mu miburanire, Uregwa avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bishidikanywaho, ko n’iperereza yasabye kugira ngo raporo ya Muganga isobanuke ritakozwe, agasaba kugirwa umwere. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Kubwimana nta shingiro bufite, kubera ko ibimenyetso byose byashingiweho n’urukiko rwabanje byuzuzanya kandi bimuhamya icyaha, naho ibijyanye n’iperereza avuga ko yasabye ritari ngombwa mu gihe hari ibimenyetso bihagije. [9] Ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ni icyo kumenya niba Kubwimana yarahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bishidikanywaho. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA: Kumenya niba KUBWIMANA yarahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bishidikanywaho [10] Kubwimana n’umwunganira bavuga ko yahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bishidikanywaho. Avuga ko raporo ya Muganga yagaragaje ko igitsina cy’umwana cyagize ihungabana, ariko ko itagaragaza ko iryo hungabana ryatewe no gusambanywa, kandi ko umwana abazwa yavuze ko atavuye amaraso, ariko ko yajyaga kunyara akababara mu gutsina, ariko ko ibyo ntaho Muganga yabigaragaje. [11] Kubwimana n’umwunganira bavuga kandi ko imvugo ze mu iperereza zitari zikwiye gushingirwaho n’urukiko rwabanje, kuko yemeye icyaha kubera inkoni yakubiswe, kandi ko urubanza nº RPAA 0066/15/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 04/01/2019, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Dusabimana Jeannette rwasobanuye ko iyo uregwa yemeye icyaha nyuma akagihakana, bishyira inshingano ku Bushinjacyaha zo gushaka ibindi bimenyetso, hakaba rero nta bindi bimenyetso bwatanze bimuhamya icyaha yahamijwe cyo gusambanya umwana. [12] Uregwa n’umwunganira bavuga na none ko raporo y’inzego z’ibanze itari ikwiye guhabwa agaciro, kuko ibyo bavugamo nta wabihagazeho, agasoza asaba ko uko gushidikanya kugaragara mu bimenyetso kwamurengera akagirwa umwere. [13] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibimenyetso byashingiweho mu guhamya Kubwimana icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana byuzuzanya, kuko ibyo umwana wahohotewe

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yavuze ko igitsina cya Kubwimana cyinjiye mu cye, ko nta maraso yavuye, ariko ko yababaraga ndetse ko ajya no kwihagarika akababara, bihura n’ibyo Kubwimana yemeye mu Bugenzacyaha aho yavuze ko yinjijemo igitsina cye kugirango amusambanye, mu gihe yahatirizaga agateshwa na nyina w’umwana. [14] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga kandi ko raporo ya Muganga igaragaza ko akarangabusugi k’umwana kakiriho, ariko ko igitsina cyahungabanye (traumatism) kandi imbere hatukuye (redness), ibyo bikaba bihura n’imvugo z’umwana n’iza Kubwimana mu Bugenzacyaha.  Uko Urukiko rubibona [15] Impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba Kubwimana yarahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka icumi (10) y’amavuko hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bishidikanywaho. [16] Kubyerekeranye n’ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, mu rubanza n° RPAA 00692/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/01/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayishimiye Jean Damascène, hasesenguwe ingingo ya 119 y’Itegeko n° 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo1, harebwa cyane cyane ku mwihariko w’imanza nshinjabyaha, maze urukiko rusobanura ko mu manza nshinjabyaha, ibimenyetso byose bishobora gushingirwaho mu gihe bigaragaza ukuri kw’ibyabaye (principe de la liberté de la preuve en matière pénale) ababuranyi bakaba barahawe uburyo bwo kuhaba ngo banyomozanye, kandi ko Urukiko arirwo rwemeza ko ibyo bimenyetso bishobora kwemerwa. Iri hame ryashingiweho mu zindi manza zakurikiyeho zaciwe n’uru rukiko, harimo n’urubanza n° RPA 00036/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 23/01/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Murerakure Jeannette. [17] Nk’uko bigaragara mu rubanza n° RPA 00287/2021/HC/RWG rwajuririwe, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwahamije Kubwimana icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana rushingiye ku bimenyetso bikurikira: - imvugo ze mu Bugenzacyaha aho yavuze ko, ubwo bari mu bukwe kwa Bugwindidi, yatije umwana telefone ngo abe acuranga, bwije baratahana, bageze hafi y’iwabo aramuterura amujyana mu gihuru amuryamisha hasi, ashyize igitsina cye mu cy’umwana kugirango amusambanye cyanga kujyamo, mu gihe akirimo guhatiriza, nyina w’umwana aramuhamagara, acana itoroshi, nawe ahita amurekura ariruka, asaba imbabazi, anavuga ko ibyo yakozeyabitewe na satani; - imvugo z’umwana wahohotewe wavuze ko Kubwimana yamusanze mu bukwe kwa Bugwindidi, amuha telefone ye ngo abe amufashije mu gihe yarimo kunywa ikigage, hashize akanya aza kuyimusubiza kuko bwari butangiye kwira, atashye aramukurikira ahita amufata amufunga umunwa aramuterura amujyana mu gihuru amwambura ikabutura yari yambaye, amuryamisha hasi amujya hejuru, afungura imashini y’ikabutura yari yambaye akuramo igitsina cye aramusambanya, abonye nyina ahita amuvaho ariruka. Yabajijwe niba yaravuye amaraso, avuga ko ntayo yavuye ariko ko ababara mu gitsina;

1 Iyo ngingo ihura n’ingingo ya 87 y’Itegeko nº 062/2024 ryo ku wa 20/06/2024 rigenga ibimenyetso

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- ubuhamya bwa nyina w’umwana Mukabaziga Dorothée wavuze ko yagiye gushaka umwana we, bamubwira ko ajyanye na Kubwimana asubiye mu rugo asanga umwana atarahagera, akomeza gushakisha, aza kumwumva arimo gutakira mu gihuru, amurikayo itoroshi Kubwimana ahita yiruka, umwana amubwira uko byagenze; - ubuhamya bwa Mbarushimana Théogène, uri mu bafashe Kubwimana wavuze ko umwana yababwiye ko yamusambanyije yajyaga gutera induru akamupfuka umunwa; - ubuhamya bwa Mbarushimana Viateur wavuze ko umwana yababwiye ko Uregwa yamusambanyije nyuma yo kumushukisha telefoni amwereka indirimbo, ko batahanye yamugeza mu nzira akamupfuka umunwa akamusambanya; - raporo yakozwe ku wa 30/08/2019 na Dr Ndayishimiye Benedicte wo ku Bitaro bya Kirehe wasuzumye umwana asanga nta kibazo cy’ihungabana mu mutwe cyangwa ku mubiri afite, ariko igitsina cye cyahungabanye imbere hatukuye kandi akarangabusugi kakiriho (the child was find mental and physical normal, … intact hymen with redness in her vagina that may be a signs of trauma). [18] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ibyo Kubwimana avuga ko raporo ya Muganga ishidikanywaho kuko ntaho igaragaza ko ariwe wasambanyije umwana ko kandi idahura n’ibyo umwana avuga nta shingiro bifite, kuko Muganga yasabwe kugaragaza uko yabonye umwana, akaba rero atari we wagombaga kwemeza ko Kubwimana ari we wamusambanyije, kuko ibyo biri mu nshingano z’Urukiko rwaregewe. [19] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga kandi ibyo Kubwimana avuga ko umwana yavuze ko atavuye amaraso ariko ko yajyaga kunyara akababara mu gutsina bidahura n’ibyo Muganga yagaragaje nta shingiro bifite, kuko Muganga yabonye ko mu gitsina cy’umwana hatukuru kandi hahungabanye, bikaba byumvikanisha ko umwana yababaraga kuko yasambanyijwe, kandi Kubwimana nawe yemeye ko yafashwe ubwo yari yajyanye umwana mu gihuru, yagerageza gushyira igitsina cye mu cy’umwana kugirango amusambanye bikanga, mu gihe akirimo guhatiriza, nyina w’umwana akamuhamagara, agacana itoroshi, maze agahita amurekura akiruka. Byongeye kandi ntacyo Uregwa anenga ubuhamya bwatanzwe n’abamufashe icyaha kikimara kuba, nabo bemeza ko umwana yababwiye ko yamusambanyije bavuye mu bukwe abanje kumushukisha telefone, yagerageza gutabaza akamupfuka umunwa. [20] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rero raporo ya Muganga yumvikana, ntabwo rero byari ngombwa ko Urukiko Rukuru/urugereko rwa Rwamagana rutumiza Muganga ngo ayisobanure. [21] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga kandi nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwabibonye, ibyo Kubwimana avuga ko imvugo ze mu Bugenzacyaha zitari zikwiye gushingirwaho mu kumuhanya icyaha nta shingiro bifite, kuko ibyo yavugiye mu Bugenzacyaha bihura n’ibyo umwana yavuze ko yagerageje kumusambanya mu gihe ahatiriza agateshwa na nyina w’umwana, izo mvugo zikaba zunganirwa na raporo ya Muganga wasuzumye umwana igaragaza ko umwana yagize ihungabana mu gitsina imbere. Ibyo rero Kubwimana avuga ko yemeye icyaha bitewe n’inkoni yakubiswe, nta bimenyetso abitangira. [22] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga na none ibyo Kubwimana avuga ko raporo ya y’inzego z’ibanze itari ikwiye gushingirwaho n’urukiko rwabanje nta shingiro bifite, kuko uretse kuba

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yaratanzwe nk’ikimenyetso, ntaho bigaragara ko iyo raporo yashingiweho nk’ikimenyetso kimuhamya icyaha. [23] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rero ibimenyetso byashingiweho n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana mu guhamya Kubwimana icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana byuzuzanya kandi bidashikanywaho, bityo ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, hakaba hagomba kugumaho imikirize y’urubanza yajuririye, cyane cyane ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’irindwi (17) yahawe gihwanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze cyo gusambanya umwana muto w’imyaka icumi (10) y’amavuko, we ari mukuru afite imyaka makumyabiri n’ibiri (22) y’amavuko. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [24] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Kubwimana nta shingiro bufite; [25] Rwemeje ko urubanza n° RPA 00287/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 29/01/2024 rugumanye agaciro mu ngingo zarwo zose; [26] Rwemeje ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’irindwi (17) Kubwimana yahawe muri urwo rubanza ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka icumi (10) y’amavuko kigumyeho; [27] Ruvuze ko amagarama y’urubanza aherereye ku Isanduku ya Leta, kuko Kubwimana yajuriye afunze, akaba asonewe kuyatanga.