UBUSHINJACYAHA v KWISANGA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v KWISANGA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-01-24 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00740/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v KWISANGA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 00740/2024/CA (Kaliwabo, P.J.) 24 Mutarama 2025] Kwemera icyaha mu iperereza - Kugihakana mu iburanisha - Ubwabyo ntibitesha agaciro uko kwemera. Amategeko yerekeye imanza nshinjabyaha – Kugabanyirizwa ibihano – Iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n’umucamanza igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15. Incamake y’ikibazo: Kwisanga Businge Marie Angelo yafatanwe udupfunyika 26 tw’urumogi, arimo arugurisha uwitwa Niyonshuti Eric. Mu ibazwa rye imbere y’Ubushinjacyaha yemeye icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, aregerwa Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge akurikiranyweho icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi. Imbere y’Urukiko yaburanye ahakana icyaha, avuga ko icyo yemera ari uko arunywa kandi ko urwo yahaye Niyonshuti Eric atarumugurishije ahubwo ko yarumuhereye ubuntu kubera ko basanzwe barusangira, asaba guhanirwa icyaha cyo kurufatanwa no kurunywa. Urukiko rwemeje ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu y’amafaranga 20.005.000 Frw. Mu bujurire Urukiko Rukuru, rwemeje ko ahamwa n’icyaha, rumugabanyiriza igihano rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu y’amafaranga 5.000.000 Frw. Mu bujurire bwa kabiri mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, Kwisanga Businge Marie Angelo n’umwunganira banenga urubanza rujuririrwa kuba rutaragaragaje igikorwa gisobanura ko yagurishije urumogi, ko rwirengagije ko Niyonshuti ari we wamusabye urumogi rwo kunywa undi akarumuha nta kiguzi, ko atemera imvugo yakoreye mu Bushinjacyaha kuko yayishyizeho umukono adasomewe ibyanditswemo, asaba guhanirwa kunywa no gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge. Ubushinjacyaha bwo buvuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire zidakwiye guhabwa agaciro kuko yafashwe agurisha Niyonshuti ibiyobyabwenge kandi ko uyu yari yamutanzeho amakuru, ko ushinjwa na we yabyemeye mu Bushinjacyaha. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Umucamanza niwe ureba agaciro k’imvugo uregwa yavugiye mu Bugenzacyaha kabone n’iyo yagera imbere y’Urukiko akayihindura. Mu mvugo Kwisanga yakoreye imbere y’Ubushinjacyaha, uyu yasobanuye ko acuruza urumogi, agapfunyika kamwe akakagurisha ibihumbi bibiri, ko ndetse amaze umwaka arucuruza, akaba aruhabwa n’umuntu witwa Ezechiel. Muri iri bazwa rye kandi yasobanuye ko uwitwa Niyonshuti Eric yamuhamagaye ari akamubwira ko ashaka urumogi bakumvikana ko bahurira i Remera, koko aba bakaba barahahuriye agafatwa amaze kumuha udupfunyika 21 nawe asigaranye utundi 5. Bityo, kuba yemera icyaha mu iperereza akagihakana mu iburanisha ubwabyo ntibitesha agaciro uko kwemera. Iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n’umucamanza igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15. Urukiko rurasanga Kwisanga Businge Marie Angelo igihano yahanishijwe aricyo gihano gito ntarengwa umucamanza adashobora kujya munsi ku cyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye giteganyirizwa igifungo cya burundu.

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Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2; Itegeko n° 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 11. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA 00562/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha v Habyarimana Dieudonné, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 17/02/2023. Urubanza IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Kuwa 07/06/2021, Kwisanga Businge Marie Angelo ari mu Mudugudu w’Ubumwe, Akagari ka Rukiri I, mu Murenge wa Remera, yafatanwe udupfunyika 26 tw’urumogi, bivugwa ko yarimo arugurisha uwitwa Niyonshuti Eric. Mu ibazwa rye ryo ku wa 08/06/2021 imbere y’Ubushinjacyaha Kwisanga yemeye icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, aregerwa Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge akurikiranyweho icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, Ubushinjacyaha bumusabira guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000frw. [2] Kwisanga Businge Marie Angelo yunganiwe na Me Nyirasuku Jeanne, imbere y’Urukiko yaburanye ahakana icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, avuga ko icyo yemera ari uko arunywa kandi ko urwo yahaye Niyonshuti Eric atarumugurishije ahubwo ko yarumuhereye ubuntu kubera ko basanzwe barusangira, asaba guhanirwa icyaha cyo kurufatanwa no kurunywa. [3] Mu rubanza nº RP 00838/2021/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe kuwa 21/07/2021, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rushingiye ku mvugo z’ushinjwa mu Bushinjacyaha yemera icyaha aregwa n’inyandikomvugo y’ifatira uregwa yashyizeho umukono yemeza ko urumogi afatanwe ari urwe, rwemeje ko Kwisanga Businge Marie Angelo ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri n’ibihumbi bitanu (20.005.000 frw). [4] Kwisanga Businge Marie Angelo yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru avuga ko yemera ko yafatanwe urumogi ndetse akaba anarunywa, ko urukiko Rwisumbuye rwari kubishingiraho rumugabanyiriza ibihano, asaba urukiko Rukuru kumugabanyiriza ibihano kubera ko ari ubwa mbere aguye mu cyaha, hagashingirwa kandi ku myitwarire yari asanganywe no ku manza zinyuranye zaciwe n’urukiko rw’ubujurire ndetse n’urukiko rw’Ikirenga. [5] Mu nº RPA 01122/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe kuwa 05/07/2024, Urukiko Rukuru rumaze kumva imiburanire y’impande zombi, rwemeje ko Kwisanga Businge Marie Angelo ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15ans) n’ihazabu

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y’amafaranga miliyoni eshanu (5,000,000) aho kuba igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri n’ibihumbi bitanu (20.005.000 frw) yahawe n’urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge. Ruvuga ko rumugabanyirije igihano kubera ko ari ubwa mbere aguye mu cyaha ku buryo buzwi. [6] Kwisanga Businge Marie Angelo yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuri nº RPAA 00740/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame kuwa 9/1/2025 yunganiwe na Me Kabasha Vedaste naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Mukunzi Faustin, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [7] Mu mwanzuro we w’ubujurire no mu miburanire ye, Kwisanga Businge Marie Angelo n’umwunganira banenga urubanza rujuririrwa kuba rutaragaragaje igikorwa gisobanura ko yagurishije urumogi, ko rwirengagije ko Niyonshuti ari we wamusabye urumogi rwo kunywa undi akarumuha nta kiguzi, ko atemera imvugo yakoreye mu Bushinjacyaha kuko yayishyizeho umukono adasomewe ibyanditswemo, asaba guhanirwa kunywa no gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge. [8] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yasubije avuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire za Kwisanga Businge Marie Angelo zidakwiye guhabwa agaciro kuko yafashwe agurisha Niyonshuti ibiyobyabwenge kandi ko uyu yari yamutanzeho amakuru, ko ushinjwa na we yabyemeye mu Bushinjacyaha, bityo ko nta kosa ryakozwe. [9] Urukiko ruhereye kuri izo mpaka, rurasuzuma niba Urukiko Rukuru rwaribeshye ku nyito y’icyaha rugahanira Kwisanga Businge Marie Angelo icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge nta bimenyetso rushingiyeho. II. ISESENGURA RY’URUBANZA A. Kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rwarakoze ikosa ryo guhanira Kwisanga Businge Marie Angelo icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge mu mwanya wo kumuhanira icyo kubifatanwa no kubinywa [10] Kwisanga Businge Marie Angelo yunganiwe na Me Kabasha Vedaste yajuriye anenga urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ko rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge rutagaragaje ko yari afite “stock” abivanamo n’aho abicuruza, ko ingano y’urumogi yafatanwe ( 26 boules ) igaragaza ko rwari urwo gukoresha ku giti cye, ko Eric Niyonshuti ari we wamuhamagaye amusaba ibyo kunywa akaba yarabimuhaye nta kiguzi, ko n’Ubushinjacyaha butashoboye kugaragaza ko hari ikiguzi cyabyo yakiriye, habe no gutanga amajwi ya telefoni agaragaza ko baganiriye ibirebana no kugura urumogi, ko kuba yaramuhaye urumogi bitavuze ko yarucuruje. [11] Me Kabasha Vedaste umwunganira yasabye ko Niyonshuti Eric yatumizwa akabazwa kuko Urukiko Rukuru rwagendeye ku mvugo y’ubushinjacyaha ivuga ko bari basanzwe bafite amakuru ko Kwisanga Businge Marie Angelo asanzwe acuruza urumogi kandi ko ayo makuru yatanzwe na Niyonshuti Eric nyamara nta mvugo ye iboneka muri dosiye. [12] Akomeza avuga ko mu gika cya 22 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, urukiko rwakoresheje mu buryo bugenekereje umurongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza Nº RPAA 00562/2021/CA, rwaciwe ku wa 17/02/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Habyarimana

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Dieudonné, aho rwatanze umurongo ko « umuntu atagirwa umucuruzi w’ibiyobyabwenge no kuba hari abaguzi babonetse aho acururiza, ahubwo igihe cyose afite ibicuruzwa kandi yiteguye kubiha umuntu wese umugana ashaka ibyo agurisha »; ko Urukiko Rukuru rwiyibagije nkana ko hagomba kugaragara ikimenyetso cy’igikorwa cyo kugurisha kuko gutanga no gusangira urumogi nabyo bibaho kandi byitwa gutyo iyo nta kintu na busa kigaragaza ubuguzi hagati y’utanze n’uwakiriye. [13] Ushinjwa yasabwe kugira icyo avuga ku mvugo ye yo mu Bushinjacyaha aho yemeye ko yacuruzaga urumogi, asubiza avuga ko yahatiwe gushyira umukono ku nyandiko yari yakozwe nta ruhare abigizemo, bityo ko ibiyikubiyemo bidakwiye guhabwa agaciro; asoza asaba guhanirwa icyaha cyo kunywa no gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 263, mu gika cyayo cya 1, y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo kuwa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu. [14] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije kuri iyi ngingo buvuga ko nta kosa ryakozwe n’Urukiko Rukuru kuko rwamuhamije icyaha rushingiye ku bimenyetso birimo imvugo z’ushinjwa mu bushinjacyaha, inyandikomvugo y’ifatira ry’urumogi uregwa yashyizeho umukono, ko yafatiwe mu cyuho agurisha urumogi Niyonshuti Eric wari watanze amakuru, busaba ko imikirize y’urubanza yajuririye yahamana agaciro kayo mu ngingo zarwo zose. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [15] Ubujurire bwa Kwisanga Businge Marie Angelo bugamije guhindurirwa inyito y’icyaha hashingiwe ku kuba Urukiko Rukuru rutaragaragaje ibimenyetso simusiga byemeza ko yacuruzaga urumogi no kuba imvugo yitirirwa zo mu Bushinjacyaha zitaragombaga gushingirwaho kubera ko yazisinyiye ku gahato atariwe wazivuze. [16] Ikibazo cyo kumenya agaciro gahabwa imvugo y’ushinjwa yavugiye mu nzego z’iperereza ariko akayivuguruza mu Rukiko, cyakemuwe mu rubanza nº RPA 0010/06/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 18/07/2008 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Sgt Ntaganira Eugene na bagenzi be, aho rwemeje ko umucamanza ariwe ureba agaciro k’imvugo uregwa yavugiye mu Bugenzacyaha kabone n’iyo yagera imbere y’Urukiko akayihindura. [17] Urukiko rurasanga, mu mvugo Kwisanga Businge Marie Angelo yakoreye imbere y’Ubushinjacyaha ku wa 8/6/2021, uyu yarasobanuye ko acuruza urumogi, agapfunyika kamwe akakagurisha ibihumbi bibiri, ko ndetse amaze umwaka arucuruza, akaba aruhabwa n’umuntu witwa Ezechiel. Muri iri bazwa rye kandi yasobanuye ko uwitwa Niyonshuti Eric yamuhamagaye ari kuwa gatanu akamubwira ko ashaka urumogi bakumvikana ko bahurira i Remera, koko aba bakaba barahahuriye agafatwa amaze kumuha udupfunyika 21 nawe asigaranye utundi 5. [18] Urukiko rurasanga uburyo Kwisanga yasobanuye imikorere y’icyaha ku buryo burambuye kandi bwimbitse bihuza n’amakuru Niyonshuti Eric yari yatanze kandi Kwisanga akaba yarafashwe amaze gushyikiriza Niyonshuti Eric urumogi, izi ngingo uko ari eshatu, zirebewe hamwe, zikaba zivanaho imyiregurire ye yo kuba yarashyize umukono ku nyandiko yemera icyaha ashyizweho agahato, uyu akaba adashobora gusobanura uburyo agahato kari gutuma ibyo avuga bihuza n’ukuri kw’ibyabaye.

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[19] Urukiko rurasanga, nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza nº RPA 0010/06/SC rwavuzwe haruguru, kuba Kwisanga Businge Marie Angelo ahakana imvugo ze yemereye mu Bushinjacyaha bitambura agaciro iki kimenyetso kuko, uretse no kuba nta kimenyetso cy’agahato avuga yashyizweho, ubwacyo kikaba gifite ireme kandi kikaba gihuza n’ukuri kw’ibyabaye; ibi kandi bikaba bihuza n’ingingo ya 53 y’Itegeko Nº 062/2024 ryo kuwa 20/06/2024 rigenga ibimenyetso1. [20] Urukiko rurasanga, ibisobanuro bitanzwe mu bika bibanziriza iki bivuguruza imiburanire y’ubwunganizi ku birebana n’ikoreshwa ry’umurongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza Nº RPAA 00562/2021/CA, rwaciwe ku wa 17/02/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Habyarimana Dieudonné, kuko Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiye ku bimenyetso bifatika birimo no kuba Kwisanga Businge Marie Angelo yarafatiwe mu cyuho ashyikiriza ibiyobyabwenge Niyonshuti Eric, naho kuba yarabimuhereye ubuntu bikaba bivuguruzwa n’imvugo ye bwite isobanura uburyo yabicuruzaga, aho yabivanaga n’igiciro yabitangiraga. [21] Kubera impamvu zisobanuwe haruguru, rurasanga ingingo y’ubujurire bwa Kwisanga Businge Marie Angelo isaba guhanirwa icyaha cyo gufatanwa no kunywa ibiyobyabwenge mu mwanya w’icyo kubicuruza, nta shingiro ifite. B. Ku birebana n’ibihano [22] Kwisanga Businge Marie Angelo n’ubwunganizi bwe basabye Urukiko kuvanirwaho igifungo cy’imyaka 15 yahanishijwe kikajya ku gifungo cy’imyaka 2 giteganyirizwa icyaha cyo gufatanwa no kunywa ibiyobyabwenge yemera kandi yakoze. [23] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije kuri iyi ngingo buvuga ko igihano ushinjwa yahanishijwe gikwiye kugumaho kuko aribyo bijyanye n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye yahamijwe. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [24] Ingingo ya 11 y’Itegeko n° 69/2019 ryo kuwa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko umuntu uhamwe n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu no gutanga ihazabu y’amafaranga atari munsi ya 20.000.000 ariko itarenze amafaranga 30.000.000. [25] Kwisanga Businge Marie Angelo, mu rubanza nº RPA 01122/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru kuwa 05/07/2024, yahaniwe icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye, giteganyirizwa igifungo cya burundu, agabanyirizwa igihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 15 kubera ari ubwa mbere yari akoze icyaha bizwi; rusobanura ko igihano ahawe aricyo gihano gito, umucamanza adashobora kujya munsi giteganyirizwa icyaha yahamijwe, ibyo Urukiko rukaba rwarabishingiye ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange.

1 Urwego rufite ububasha rusuzuma ukwemerwa cyangwa ukutemerwa n’agaciro by’ikimenyetso gishingiye ku buhamya. Ntirwita ku mubare w’abatangabuhamya, ahubwo rwita cyane ku bumenyi bw’ibyabaye no ku budakemwa bw’ubuhamya batanga.

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[26] Urukiko rurasanga igifungo cy’imyaka ibiri (2ans) Kwisanga Businge Marie Angelo asaba guhanishwa ari igihano giteganyirizwa uwahamwe n’icyaha cyo kunywa cyangwa gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge, nyamara we akaba ahamwa n’icyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye giteganyirizwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu iri hagati y’amafaranga 20.000.000 na 30.000.000 nk’uko biteganywa mu gika cya 3 cy’ingingo ya 263 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu. [27] Urukiko rurasanga, nk’uko n’Urukiko Rukuru rwabisobanuye, igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15ans) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni eshanu (5,000,000) Kwisanga Businge Marie Angelo yahanishijwe aricyo gihano gito ntarengwa umucamanza adashobora kujya munsi ku cyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye giteganyirizwa igifungo cya burundu, nk’uko biteganywa mu ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [28] Urukiko, rushingiye ku bisobanuro byatanzwe haruguru, rurasanga ubujurire bwa Kwisanga Businge Marie Angelo nta shingiro bufite, urubanza rwajuririwe rukaba rugomba kugumaho uko rwaciwe, mu ngingo zarwo zose. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [29] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Kwisanga Businge Marie Angelo nta shingiro bufite. [30] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza nº RPA 01122/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru kuwa 05/07/2024, igumyeho mu ngingo zarwo zose. [31] Rwemeje ko Kwisanga Businge Marie Angelo agumishwa ku gihano cyo gufungwa imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) no gutanga ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw) ku cyaha yahamijwe cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi. [32] Rutegetse ko Kwisanga Businge Marie Angelo asonerwa amagarama y'urubanza kuko yaburanye afunzwe.