Kwizerayesu

# Kwizerayesu

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-04-24 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00754/2021/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. KWIZERAYESU [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00754/2021/CA (Kaliwabo, P.J.) 24 Mata 2023] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Igabanyagihano – Nta muntu ukwiriye kwitwaza ingaruka mbi z’icyaha yakoze ngo abishingireho asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano. Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Igabanyagihano – Kuba uwakoze icyaha aribwo yari akiva mu bwana, bisobanura ko ikigero cy’ubushishozi no gushyira mu gaciro kiba kitaragera ku rugero ruhagije, iyi mpamvu ikaba igomba gutuma igihano kigabanuka. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu, uregwa akurikiranywe ku cyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye nyuma yuko yafatiwe ku mupaka uhuza u Rwanda na Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo afite udupfunyika 300 tw’urumogi. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 21.000.000 Frw. Uregwa yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, anega icyemezo cy’Urukiko Rwisumbuye ko rutamugabanyirije igihano ku buryo buhagije kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha ndetse akaba yarasize umwana muto udafite kirengera, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano no kubisubikirwa. Urwo Rukiko narwo rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko igihano yahawe aricyo gito gishoboka giteganywa n’Itegeko, ndetse akaba adashobora gusubikirwa igihano kuko yahanishijwe igifungo kirenze imyaka itanu. Uregwa yarongeye ajuririra Urukiko rw’ubujurire avuga ko inkiko zibanza zamuhanishije igihano kiremereye kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha, ko Urukiko Rukuru rwavuze ko rudashobora kujya munsi y’igihano giteganywa n’Itegeko kandi Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwarabitanzeho umurongo, ko rwirengagije ko bwari ubwa mbere aguye mu cyaha, ndetse akaba yarasize umwana muto udafite kirengera. Ubushinjacyaha bwo bwaburanye buvuga ko uregwa yaranzwe no guhinduranya imvugo aho yagiye abazwa bityo ko atigeze yemera icyaha uko bikwiye. Buvuga ko nyamara nta cyabuza kumugabanyiriza igihano hashingiwe ko ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha, ko kandi nta nzitizi ibuza umucamanza kujya munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Nta muntu ukwiriye kwitwaza ingaruka mbi z’icyaha yakoze ngo abishingireho asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano. 2. Kuba uwakoze icyaha aribwo yari akiva mu bwana, bisobanura ko ikigero cy’ubushishozi no gushyira mu gaciro kiba kitaragera ku rugero ruhagije, iyi mpamvu ikaba igomba gutuma igihano kigabanuka, bityo kuba Kwizerayesu yarakoze icyaha afite imyaka y’amavuko 23, ahanishijwe igihano cy’imyaka 8 n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni ebyiri (2.000.000Frw). Urubanza ruhindutse ku birebana n’ibihano gusa.

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Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryo mu 2003 ryavuguruwe mu 2015, Ingingo ya 15. Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo kuwa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, Ingingo ya 49,59 n’iya 263. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA 00032/2019/CA, Ubushinjacyaha vs. Nzafashwanimana, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/02/2020. RPAA 00656/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha vs. Niyigena, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/03/2023. RPAA 00048/2020/CA, Ubushinjacyaha vs. Bimenyimana, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/05/2022. RPAA 00054/2020/CA, Ubushinjacyaha vs. Mafeteri rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 11/6/2021. RPA/GEN 00004/2019/CA, Ubushinjacyaha vs. Munyagishari rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 7/5/2021. RPAA 00499/2018/CA, Ubushinjacyaha vs. Habyarimana Evariste rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 30/04/2021. RPAA 00618/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha vs. Mukandori, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuwa 24/03/2023. RPAA 00684/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha vs. Kayitesi rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 14/04/2023. RPAA 00462/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha vs. Ndayisaba rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 17/02/2023. ICTR-96-13-A of 16/11/2001, The Prosecutor vs. Musema. Inyandiko z’abahanga: Serge Guinchard, Droit et pratique de la procédure civile, 8è édition, Paris, 2014, p. 1619. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 18/03/2020 Kwizerayesu Esther yafatiwe ku mupaka uhuza u Rwanda na Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo afite udupfunyika 300 tw’urumogi, avuga ko hari uwamuhaye akazi ko kumwambukiriza inkweto, akaba atari azi ko harimo urumogi.

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[2] Ubushinjacyaha bwamuregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu rumushinja icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye, rumusabira igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. [3] Mu rubanza RP 00174/2020/TGI/RBV rwaciwe kuwa 05/05/2020, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu rwahamije Kwizerayesu Esther icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 21.000.000 Frw. [4] Mu kumuhamya icyaha, Urukiko rwashingiye ku mvugo ye yakoreye mu Rukiko yemera icyaha, rushingira ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamubonye yambutsa ibiyobyabwenge ku mupaka, no kunyandiko mvugo y’ifatira ry’ibiyobyabwenge, ubwe yashyizeho umukono. Urukiko rwavuze ko agabanyirijwe igihano kubera ko yemera. [5] Kwizerayesu Esther yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, anega icyemezo cy’Urukiko Rwisumbuye ko rutamugabanyirije ku buryo buhagije kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha ndetse akaba yarasize umwana muto udafite kirengera, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano no kubisubikirwa. [6] Mu rubanza RPA 00327/2020/HC/MUS rwaciwe kuwa 23/03/2021, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Kwizerayesu Esther nta shingiro bufite kuko igabanyagihano asaba yarihawe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye ku buryo buhagije, ko igihano yahawe aricyo gito gishoboka giteganywa n’Itegeko, ndetse akaba adashobora gusubikirwa igihano kuko yahanishijwe igifungo kirenze imyaka itanu. [7] Kwizerayesu Esther yajuririye Urukiko rw’ubujurire, ubujurire bwe bwandikwa kuri n° RPAA 00543/2021/CA, iburanisha rishyirwa kuwa 05/09/2023 yunganiwe na Me Niyonsenga naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Bunyoye Grâce, Umushinjacyaha ku Rwego rw’Igihugu. [8] Kwizerayesu Esther yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko inkiko zibanza zamuhanishije igihano kiremereye kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha, ko Urukiko Rukuru rwavuze ko rudashobora kujya munsi y’igihano giteganywa n’Itegeko kandi Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwarabitanzeho umurongo, ko rwirengagije ko bwari ubwa mbere aguye mu cyaha, ndetse akaba yarasize umwana muto udafite kirengera, asaba Urukiko kumugabanyiriza ibihano no kubisubika. [9] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Kwizerayesu yafatiwe ku mupaka uhuza uRwanda na Congo afite urumogi, abajijwe iby’icyaha afatiwemo asubiza abeshya ko atigeze amenya ko mu nkweto yambukije harimo urumogi, uyu akaba yararanzwe no guhinduranya imvugo aho yagiye abazwa bityo ko atigeze yemera icyaha uko bikwiye. Buvuga ko nyamara nta cyabuza kumugabanyiriza igihano hashingiwe ko ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha, ko kandi nta nzitizi ibuza umucamanza kujya munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko. [10] Urukiko rurasuzuma ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Urukiko rubanza rwarazitiwe n’itegeko mu kugabanya igihano, rusuzume n’igihano gikwiye mu gihe Kwizerayesu yaba agabanyirijwe. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA

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 Kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rwarazitiwe n’ingingo y’Itegeko mu kugabanya igihano [11] Me Niyonsenga Vincent wunganira Kwizerayesu, mu mwanzuro we w’ubujurire, yanenze ko Urukiko Rukuru rwagumishijeho igifungo cy’imyaka 25 ushinjwa yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye, ruvuga ko iki gihano ari cyo gito kigenwa n’itegeko, rukaba rudashobora kujya munsi yacyo kuko byaba binyuranyije n’ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange; nyamara ngo iyo myumvire ikaba yarahinduwe n’imanza zitandukanye zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, ko rero iryo kosa ryakosorwa. [12] Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na PN Bunyoye Grâce buvuga ko, koko inkiko zibanza zemeye impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zatanzwe na Kwizerayesu ariko zivuga ko zidashobora kujya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 25 kuko aricyo gihano gito giteganyirizwa icyaha yakoze, zivuga ko ko zizitiwe n’ ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, nyamara ngo imanza zitandukanye zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, zemeje ko nta tegeko ribuza umucamanza gutanga igihano gikwiranye n’icyaha cyakozwe, kabone n’iyo cyaba kiri munsi y’igihano gito cyagenwe n’amategeko, bityo ko Urukiko rwakosora iri kosa. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [13] Ikibazo cyo kumenya niba umucamanza wemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha ashobora kugabanyiriza ibihano ushinjwa kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko, cyakemuwe mu rubanza RPAA 00032/2019/CA rwaciwe n’uru Rukiko kuwa 28/02/2020 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nzafashwanimana Jean de Dieu, aho Urukiko rwasanze kubuza umucamanza gutanga igihano gikwiranye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ari ukunyuranya n’ihame ry’ubutabera buboneye riteganywa mu ngingo ya 29 y’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’uRwanda ryo mu 2003 ryavuguruwe mu 2015; mu guca uru rubanza, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rukaba rwarisunze ibyemejwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/CA rwaciye kuwa 04/12/20191. Rurasanga uyu murongo ariwo wakomeje gukurikizwa mu manza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, urwa nyuma akaba ari urubanza RPAA 00656/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/03/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Niyigena Jean Claude. [14] Urukiko rurasanga, kuba Urukiko Rukuru, mu gika cya 9 cy’urubanza RPA 00327/2020/HC/MUS rwaciye kuwa 23/03/2021, rwaremeje ko Kwizerayesu Esther adashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano ku mpamvu y’uko icyo yahawe aricyo gito giteganywa n’itegeko, iryo ari ikosa rigomba gukosorwa kuri uru rwego nk’uko byasobanuwe mu gika kibanziriza iki.  Kumenya niba Urukiko rwarageneye Kwizerayesu Esther igihano kidakwiranye n’uburemere bw’icyaha. [15] Kwizerayesu Esther yunganiwe na Me Niyonsenga yajuriye avuga ko inkiko zibanza zamuhanishije igihano kiremereye (igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ingana na 21.000.000Frw), rwirengagije ko yaburanye yemera icyaha, ko nubwo yafashwe avuga ko atari yamenye ibyo atwaye, nyamara ko yamaze gusobanukirwa n’ububi bw’icyaha yakoze bigatuma acyemera akanagisabira imbabazi, ko yatwaye urumogi aruhawe na maman Lucky ngo arujyanire uwitwa 1 Reba igika cya 16 n’icya 17 by’urubanza RPAA 00032/2019/CA rwaciwe n’uru Rukiko kuwa 28/02/2020 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nzafashwanimana Jean de Dieu.

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Claude wo mu Gisa, akaba yari yasezeranijwe igihembo cya 5.000Frw kandi ko iyo yari inshuro ya 4 arwambutsa, akaba abisabira imbabazi. [16] Yajuriye kandi avuga ko yagabanyirizwa igihano kuko ari ubwa mbere aguye mu cyaha, ko kandi yasize umwana ukiri muto, kuri ubu urerwa n’abaturanyi kuko n’umugabo bamubyaranye yapfuye, asaba guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 4 kugira ngo azabone uko aramira ubuzima bw’umwana, ko yamaze kugororwa bihagije kuko yigishijwe imyuga izamufasha mu buzima bwe ku buryo atazongera gusubira mu bucuruzi bw’ibiyobyabwenge. [17] Me Niyonsenga Vincent, yasabye Urukiko ko mu kugabanyiriza ibihano Kwizerayesu, Urukiko rwakwisunga imanza zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga zirimo urubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/SC rwaciwe kuwa 04/12/2019, urubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC 00005/2020/CS rwaciwe kuwa 12 /2/ 2020, ndetse n’izaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire zirimo urubanza RPAA 00499/2021/CA rwo ku wa 22 Nyakanga 2022, urubanza RPAA 00273/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 15 Nyakanga 2022, urubanza RPAA 00091/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 19/07/2022 n’urubanza RPAA 00225/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 19/07/2022. [18] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko Kwizerayesu yaranzwe no guhindura imvugo ku birebana n’imikorere y’icyaha kuko yafashwe avuga ko atamenye ibyo atwaye, ageze mu Bushinjacyaha avuga ko urumogi yafatanwe yari agiye kurucuruza iRubavu, kuri ubu akaba avuga ko yari arushyiriye Claude bityo ko, nubwo Urukiko rubanza rwabishingiyeho nk’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, nyamara atigeze yemera icyaha ku buryo bwuzuye. [19] Ku birebana no kuba yarasize umwana muto utagira umwitaho, Ubushinjacyaha busanga bitakwizerwa kubera ukuri kwe guke, ko n’iyo uwo mwana yaba ahari, izo ari ingaruka z’icyaha yakoze kuko yagiye gukora icyaha kiremereye ashaka kwangiza ubuzima bw’abana b’i Gihugu azi neza ko nawe afite umwana, ibyo bikaba byaratanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RPAA 0054/14/CS rwo ku wa 20/10/2017 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsengiyumva Claude, aho Urukiko rwemeje ko agomba kwirengera ingaruka z’icyaha, ko atakwitwaza abana bato yasize ngo abishingireho asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano. [20] Ubushinjacyaha bwavuze ko, nubwo Kwizerayesu yakoze icyaha kiremereye, nyamara kandi ko ntacyabuza Urukiko kumugabanyiriza igihano kuko icyo yahanishijwe kiremereye cyane, bityo akaba yahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA a. Ku birebana n’ingingo yo kwemera icyaha [21] Ingingo ya 59 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo kuwa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko, umuntu uburanisha kwemera icyaha nk’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha agomba kucyemera ku buryo budashidikanywaho kandi akabikora bitarenze mu ntangiriro z’iburanisha ku rwego rwa mbere. [22] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga, n’ubwo imbere yarwo biboneka ko Kwizerayesu yemera icyaha ntacyo ahishe, nyamara kubiburanisha nk’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha binyuranye n’ibivugwa mu ngingo ya 59 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru,

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iteganya ko ushinjwa uburanisha kwemera icyaha nk’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, abikora bitarenze mu ntangiriro z’iburanisha ku rwego rwa mbere; uru Rukiko rukaba rwarabitanzeho umurongo mu rubanza n° RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 26/05/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul. [23] Rurasanga kandi kujurira hagamijwe kwemera icyaha bisobanura ko ntacyo ushinjwa aba anenga urubanza ajuririra, ahubwo akaba aba agamije ko Urukiko rujuririrwa ruburanisha bundi bushya, hasuzumwa urubanza rwose ku birebana n’ibimenyetso n’ibindi bigize urubanza, nyamara Urukiko ruburanisha urubanza mu bujurire rufite gusa ishingano yo gusuzuma no gukosora amakosa yaba yarakozwe n’Urukiko rubanza. Uyu murongo kandi ni nawo wemejwe mu manza zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire2 n’izaciwe n’Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda3, aho zagaragaje ko mu gihe hatagaragazwa inenge urubanza rujuririrwa rufite, Urukiko rwajuririrwe rukwiye kwemeza ko ubwo bujurire nta shingiro bufite nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru. [24] Urukiko rushingiye ku byasobanuwe mu bika bibanziriza iki, rurasanga ingingo yo kwemera icyaha ku rwego rw’ubujurire Kwizerayesu aburanisha nk’impamvu y’ubujurire nta shingiro ifite. b. Ku birebana no kuba Kwizerayesu yarasize umwana muto [25] Urukiko rurasanga imwe mu ngaruka zo gukora icyaha, ari uko umuntu ufunzwe aba agomba kugororerwa ahabugenewe, akaba adashobora kubifatanya no kwita ku muryango we uko abyifuza. Nubwo ifungwa rya Kwizerayesu Esther rihungabanya uburere bw’umwana we avuga ko yasize akiri muto kandi nta mubyeyi umwitaho uretse abaturanyi, nyamarakandi uyu yagombaga kubitekereza mbere yo gukora icyaha, bityo bikamutera kwisubiraho ataragikora aho kubigira impamvu ashingiraho asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano. Ninako byemejwe mu rubanza RPA 0129/10/CS4 rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kuwa 07/03/2014, ko nta muntu ukwiriye kwitwaza ingaruka mbi z’icyaha yakoze ngo abishingireho asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano. Uyu ninawo murongo wafashwe n’uru Rukiko mu manza nyinshi, uruheruka akaba ari urubanza RPAA 00618/2021/CA rwaciwe kuwa 24/03/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mukandori Josephine. C. Ku birebana n’ingano y’igihano 2 Urubanza n° RPAA 00054/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 11/6/2021, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mafeteri Safari Eric, igika cya 18, Urubanza nº RPA/GEN 00004/2019/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 7/5/2021 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Munyagishari Bernard, ibika bya 70-76 n’Urubanza nº RPAA 00499/2018/CA rwaciwe ku wa 30/04/2021 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Habyarimana Evariste, ibika bya 16-20. 3 “It should be noted that the Appellant presents arguments on appeal which he should have submitted before the Trial Chamber. […] The party cannot remain silent on the matter only to return on appeal to seek a trial de novo. […] "The fact that the Appellant made no objection before the Trial Chamber to the Registry’s decision means that, in the absence of special circumstances, he has waived his right to adduce the issue as a valid ground of appeal.’’567 In light of the foregoing, and in the absence of exceptional circumstances warranting consideration of the ground of appeal, the Appeals Chamber dismisses the ground of appeal” Case n° ICTR-96-13-A of 16/11/2001 Alfred Musema v The Prosecutor, Par. 341. 4 Reba igika cya 16 cy’urubanza RPA 0129/10/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kuwa 07/03/2014, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mpitabakana, rwatangajwe mu Cyegeranyo cy’ibyemezo by’inkiko, V.2 [2014] RLR.

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[26] Ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo kuwa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw'icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo. [27] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, mu rubanza RPAA 00032/2019/CA rwaciwe kuwa 28/02/2020 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nzafashwanimana Jean de Dieu, rwasanze umucamanza wese agomba guhuza ingano y’igihano n’uburemere ndetse n’imikorere y’icyaha mu rwego rwo kubahiriza ihame ry’ubutabera buboneye riteganywa mu ngingo ya 29 y’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’uRwanda ryo mu 2003 ryavuguruwe mu 2015. [28] Urukiko rw’ubujurire rurasanga, igihano cyo gufungwa imyaka 25 no gutanga ihazabu y’amafaranga 21.000.000 Kwizerayesu Esther yahanishijwe gikabije kuba kinini ugereranyije n’ingano y’ibiyobyabwenge uyu yafatanywe (udupfunyika 300) ndetse no kuba aribwo bwa mbere ahamijwe icyahan’inkiko, nta n’izindi mpamvu zagaragajwe zongera ububi bw’icyaha, bityo iki gihano kikaba kigomba kugabanywa no guhuzwa n’uburemere bw’icyaha ashinjwa (Principe de la proportionnalité de la peine à l’infraction)”, ibi kandi bikaba bihuza n’ibivugwa mu ngingo ya 49 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru. [29] Mu rubanza RPAA 00684/2021/CA, rwaciwe ku wa 14/04/2023, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwasanze Kayitesi Félicitée nawe wahamwe n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bingana n’udupfunyika 666 kandi bikaba bwari ubwa mbere aguye mu cyaha, agomba guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 10 n’ihazabu y’amafaranga 5.000.000. Rurasanga mu rwego rwo gutanga ubutabera bumwe ku bantu bakoze icyaha kimwe kandi mu buryo bujya gusa, nk’uko biteganywa mu ngingo ya 155 y’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryo mu 2003 ryavuguruwe mu 2015, Kwizerayesu Esther agomba guhanishwa igihano kidahabanye n’icyagenwe mu rubanza ruvuzwe muri iki gika. [30] Rurasanga, ku birebana na Kwizerayesu Esther, wakoze icyaha afite imyaka y’amavuko 23, uyu akaba yarakoze icyaha aribwo akiva mu bwana, bisobanura ko ikigero cy’ubushishozi no gushyira mu gaciro kiba kitaragera ku rugero ruhagije, nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza N° RPAA 00462/2021/CA rwaciwe n’uru Rukiko kuwa 17/02/2023 haburana Ndayisaba Abdoul iyi mpamvu igomba gutuma igihano kigabanuka. [31] Urukiko, rushingiye ku ngingo ya 496 n’iya 2637 z’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, rushingiye no kubisobanuro biboneka mu bika bibanziriza iki, rurasanga Kwizerayesu Esther agomba guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka umunani (8ans) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni ebyiri (2.000.000Frw). III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO 5 Ingingo ya 15 y’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryo mu 2003 ryavuguruwe mu 2015 igira iti: “Abantu bose barareshya imbere y’amategeko. Itegeko ribarengera ku buryo bumwe”. 6 Zimwe mu mpamvu zigomba gushingirwaho mu kugena igihano harimo, uburemere bw’icyaha n’imyitwarire y’uwagikoze. 7 Ingingo ya 263, igika cya 1, y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo kuwa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, nk’uko yahinduwe n’ingingo ya 11 y’Itegeko N° 069/2019 ryo kuwa 08/11/2019

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[32] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza n° RPA 00327/2020/HC/MUS rwaciwe kuwa 23/03/2021 n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, ihindutse ku birebana n’ibihano gusa. [33] Rwemeje ko Kwizerayesu Esther ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka umunani (8 ans) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni ebyiri (2.000.000Frw) ku cyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi. [34] Rutegetse ko Kwizerayesu Esther asonerwa gutanga amagarama y'urubanza kubera ko aburana afunze.