NIZEYE v BATAMURIZA

NIZEYE v BATAMURIZA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-07-01 - Case/document no.: RCA 00163/2021/HC/KIG - Collection: High Court

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NIZEYE vs BATAMURIZA [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU - RCA 00163/2021/HC/KIG (Hitimana, P.J.) 23 Kamena 2023] Amategeko agenga imanza z’imbonezamubano – Amasezerano – Uguteshwa agaciro k’amasezerano - Iyo amasezerano akozwe bitewe no gufatwa nabi, guhohoterwa, gutotezwa n’irindi terabwoba bikozwe n’undi muntu utarebwa n’ayo masezerano, uruhande rwahohotewe rushobora gusaba gutesha agaciro ayo masezerano, keretse iyo urundi ruhande mu zagiranye amasezerano, nta buriganya rufite kandi rutaramenye iterabwoba ryabaye, rwemeye gukosora ibyabaye - Itegeko Nº 45/2011 ryo kuwa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano, ingingo ya 56. Inshamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwaratangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge aho Batamuriza yaregaga Nizeye avuga ko yagiye amuha mu bihe bitandukanye inguzanyo y’amadorari yose hamwe akaba ibihumbi mirongo ine na bitanu (45.000 USD) kandi ko n’uregwa adahakana uwo mwenda icyo atemera akaba ari ingano yawo. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwemeje ko ikirego cya Batamuriza gifite ishingiro, rutegeka Nizeye kubahiriza amasezerano yagiranye na Batamuriza ku wa 29/04/2019 akamwishyura amadorali ibihumbi mirongo ine na bitanu (45,000). Nizeye yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko yategetswe kwishyura amadora 45.000 USD kandi atarigeze ayahabwa. Urukiko Rukuru rwakiriye ubwo bujurire busuzuma ikibazo cyo kumenya niba hari ibimenyetso byemeza ko Batamuriza yagurije Nizeye

amadorari 45.000USD niba kandi Nizeye ariyo yakwishyura cyangwa niba yategekwa kwishyura ayo yemera. Nizeye avuga atigeze ahabwa amadorari 45.000 USD ko icyabaye yemera ari amasezerano yagiranye na Batamuriza amuguriza amadorari 3000 USD, nyuma akaza kumwongera mu bihe bitandukanye andi madorari 14.000 USD ariko ntibyakorerwa inyandiko. Akomeza avuga ko yaje guhamagarwa muri RIB agasinyishwa kungufu ko afitiye umwenda Batamuriza ungana na 45.000 USD. Akomeza asobanura ko nyuma yo gukoreshwa iyo nyandiko, yaje kuyihakana yandikira Batamuriza ibaruwa ihakana uwo mwenda kuko yasinyishijwe ku ngufu. Batamuriza asobanura ko Nizeye atigeze ashyirwaho agahato ko gusinya amasezerano yo kwemera umwenda ungana na 45.000 USD kuko yabikoze hari n’umuhamya witwa Karangwa ayo masezerano akaba yarasimburaga cheque y’amafaranga 64.320.000Frw, kuba yemera make kandi akaba atagaragaza aho yishyuriye ikinyuranyo, akaba agomba kwishyura umwenda wose. Incamake y’icyemezo: Iyo amasezerano akozwe bitewe no gufatwa nabi, guhohoterwa, gutotezwa n’irindi terabwoba bikozwe n undi muntu utarebwa n’ayo masezerano, uruhande ‟ rwahohotewe rushobora gusaba gutesha agaciro ayo masezerano, keretse iyo urundi ruhande mu zagiranye amasezerano, nta buriganya rufite kandi rutaramenye iterabwoba ryabaye, rwemeye gukosora ibyabaye, bityo kuba inyandiko yo kwemera umwenda wa 45.000 USD yakozwe na Nizeye ahamagajwe mu bugenzacyaha, bikaba bigaragaza ko yakozwe kubera igitinyiro ubushake bwo gukora amasezerano bukaba bwarahungabanijwe n’icyo gitinyiro akaba ariyo mpamvu nta gaciro yahabwa. Ubujurire bwatanzwe na Nizeye bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe;

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Imikirize y’urubanza RC 00609/2019/TGI/NYGE ihindutse ku byerekeye ingano y’umwenda Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 45/2011 ryo kuwa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano, ingingo ya 1, 64, 56, 156; Itegeko N°15//2004 ryo kuwa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, ingingo ya 110. Inyandiko z’abahanga zifashishijwe: Jacques FLOUER, Jean – LUC AUBERT na Eric SAVAUX, Droit Civil Les obligations, fait juridique, 12 ème édition, Dalloz, 2007, p.97. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA. [1] Urubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge Batamuriza Grâce arega Nizeye Alain Valery ko ku matariki anyuranye yamuhaye umwenda ungana n'amadorari y'Amerika (USD) ibihumbi mirongo ine na bitanu (45,000USD), kandi ko n’uregwa adahakana ko yayamuhaye icyo ahakana akaba ari ingano yayo kuko we yemera ko yamuhaye ibihumbi cumi na birindwi (17,000USD), ko kubera ko ayo mafaranga Nizeye Alain Valery yagurijwe yakagombye kuba abyara inyungu kuko yayamuhaye ari umucuruzi akaba ariyo mpamvu asaba urukiko ko yabarirwa inyungu za 18% buri mwaka ni ukuvuga 8.100 USD ku mwaka cyangwa se 675 USD buri kwezi; [2] Mu kwiregura kwa Nizeye Alain Valery asobanura ko yumvikanye na Batamuriza Grâce ko bagiye gutangiza akazi ko gucuruza amabuye y'agaciro bayagura muri Kenya bakayajyana kuyagurishiriza i Dubai, icyo gihe Batamuriza Grâce yamuhaye amadolari 3.000USD, nyuma aza kumwongera

ayandi 10.000USD, ndetse na nyuma yaho yongera kumuha andi angana na 4.000USD ubwo yose hamwe aba ahwanye na 17,000USD ariko ayo madolari yose mu kuyahana bakaba nta nyandiko impande zombi zigeze zigirana, akaba yari ayo kugura amabuye y'agaciro ko inyandiko yagaragaje iriho ibihumbi mirongo ine na bitanu (45,000USD) ariyo bamukoresheje ubwo yari afungiye kuri RIB ya Remera kuwa 29/04/2019 ko atayemera ko yanditse asaba ko iyo nyandiko iteshwa agaciro. [3] Kuwa 10/05/2021 Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ikirego cya Batamuriza Grâce gifite ishingiro, rutegeka Nizeye Alain Valery kubahiriza amasezerano yagiranye na Batamuriza Grâce ku wa 29/04/2019 akamwishyura amadorali ibihumbi mirongo ine na bitanu (45,000) akubiye muri ayo masezerano, rutegeka Nizeye Alain Valery guha Batamuriza Grâce amafaranga 500.000Frw y'igihembo cy'avoka, rutegeka Nizeye Alain Valery gusubiza Batamuriza Grâce amafaranga 20.000Frw y'amagarama yatanze aregera urukiko; [4] Nizeye Alain Valery ntiyishimiye imikirize y'urubanza ajurira mu Rukiko Rukuru asaba Gusuzuma niba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwari rukwiriye kumutegeka kwishyura

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umwenda wa 45,000USD kandi atarigeze ayahabwa, Gusuzuma niba Nizeye Alain Valery yaragombaga gutegekwa gutanga amafaranga y'ikurikirana rubanza igihembo cy'Avoka n’ingwate y’amagarama mu gihe uwatanze ikirego ariwe wishoye mu manza zitari ngombwa, Gusuzuma ku rwego rw'ubujurire niba Nizeye Alain Valery agomba gutegekwa guhabwa indishyi z'akababaro na Batamuliza Grace kubera kumushora mu manza ku maherere agambiriye kumuriganya, Gusuzuma niba Batamuliza Grâce agomba gutegekwa gusubiza Nizeye Alain Valery amafaranga 40.000 Frw yatanzeho ingwate y' amagarama muri uru rubanza; [5] Mu kwiregura kuri ubwo bujurire kwa Batamuliza Grace avuga ko yagurije Nizeye Alain Valery wa 45,000USD bagirana n’amasezerano yo kuwa 29/04/2019 baranayasinya ko hari n’umutangabuhamya Karangwa Jules akaba yarasimburaga cheque y’amafaranga 64.320.000Frw yo kuwa 26/02/2019 ngo akaba adahakana umwenda ahubwo ko ashaka kuwupfobya yemera 17,000 USD akaba atagaragaza aho yishyuriye ikinyuranyo, ko kuvuga ko atemera amasezerano ari amatakirangoyi, agasaba ko yuririye ku bujurire bwe yategekwa gutangira uwo mwenda inyungu zihwanye na 18% ya 45,000 USD yo kuva kuwa 29/04/2019 kugeza ubu, ko asaba ko buri yabarirwa ahwanye na 675USD buri kwezi uhereye icyo gihe amasezerano yabereye, akishyurwa amafaranga y'ikurikiranarubanza 300.000 n' igihembo cy'avocat cya 500.000Frw; [6] Urukiko rurasuzuma ibyerekeye kumenya

niba hari ibimenyetso byemeza ko Batamuliza Grâce yagurije Nizeye Alain Valery amadorari 45.000USD niba kandi Nizeye Alain valery ariyo yakwishyura cyangwa niba yategekwa kwishyura ayo yemera, no kumenya niba hari indishyi n’amafaranga y’ikurikirana rubanza byatangwa muri uru rubanza n’ukwiye kuzigenerwa uwariwe; II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA Ku byerekeye kumenya niba hari ibimenyetso byemeza ko Batamuliza Grâce yagurije Nizeye Alain Valery amadorari 45.000USD niba kandi Nizeye Alain Valery ariyo yakwishyura cyangwa niba yategekwa kwishyura ayo yemera ko yagurijwe ahwanye na 17,000USD; [7] Nizeye Alain Valery wunganirwa na Me Kagame Alexis bavuga ko kuba umucamanza waciye urubanza rujuririrwa yategetse ko Nizeye Alain Valery yishyura umwenda wa 45,000$ kandi atarigeze ayahabwa, byaba ari akarengane kubera ko Nizeye Alain Valery ajya kumenyana na Batamuriza Grâce ko ari uwitwa Karangwa Jules wabahuje, amaze no kubahuza bagiranye inyandiko ko amugujije 3,000USD, izindi nguzanyo zabaye amuha 10,000USD anamwongera 4,000USD byabaye nta nyandiko n'imwe ibigaragaza, ibyo byakozwe mbere y'uko bamusinyisha ku ngufu iriya nyandiko iriho 45,000USD kandi ntabihakana, ikindi kandi kuba Batamuriza Grâce avuga ko yamuhaye 45,000 USD ntavuge cyangwa agaragaze inyandiko yakoze ya 3,000USD yaba yemera ayo amasezerano se, birababaje kuba harimo gukoresha kwifuza no gukoresha

uburiganya. [8] Nizeye Alain Valery wunganirwa na Me Kagame Alexis bakomeza bavuga ko Umucamanza wo ku rwego rwa mbere mu gufata icyemezo gitegeka Nizeye Alain Valery kwishyura 45,000USD akaba yarashingira ku ngingo ya 64 y'itegeko Nº 45/2011 ryo kuwa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano, nyamara ntiyite ku bigize ayo masezerano n'ibimenyetso biyigize aho hagaragajwe ko amasezerano y'umwenda ungana na 45,000USD yakoreshejwe

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Nizeye Alain Valery ku ngufu kandi ko ayo madolari yishyuzwa akaba atarigeze ayahabwa, na none ntabwo agaragaza cyangwa ngo agire icyo avuga ku masezerano bagiranye kuwa 21/12/2018 agaragaza ko yagujije Nizeye Alain Valery 3,000USD ayo masezerano akaba ayahisha ndetse ntashake no kuyagaragaza, bityo akaba arimo kwishyuzwa ibyo atigeze ahabwa Urukiko rukaba rwarirengagije ibyo yarusobanuriye agasaba kurenganurwa. [9] Batamuriza Grâce uburanirwa na Me Murutasibe Joseph yiregura avuga ko ibivugwa na Nizeye Alain Valery atari ukuri kuko atahuye bwa mbere na Batamuriza Grâce bagirana amasezerano ya 3000$ kuko iyo usuzumye ayo masezerano yagaragaje mu bujurire, biragaragara neza ko Batamuriza Grâce yamugurije mbere y'iyi tariki amafaranga y'umwenda, ko rero aya masezerano yo ku wa 21/12/2018 atagaragaza ko aribwo yari agurijwe bwa mbere. [10] Batamuriza Grâce uburanirwa na Me Murutasibe Joseph akomeza yiregura avuga ko impamvu zo kuba Nizeye Alain Valery avuga ko atagurijwe aruko mu masezerano Nizeye Alain Valery yasinye ahabwa 3000$, bigaragara ko umwenda agezemo total Batamuriza Grâce ari amadolari y'Amerika ibihumbi mirongo itatu (30.000USD) kuri iyi tariki, Ikindi kitumvikana ni ukuntu ahakana umwenda wa 45.000 USD avuga ko umwenda yemera ari 17.000 USD kandi nyamara amasezerano yo ku wa 21/12/2018 ubwe agaragaza amasezerano y'umwenda wa 30.000USD ashingira kuki avuga ko uwo

yemera ari 17.000 USD, ikindi ni kuki ntacyo avuga kuri chéque ubwe yasinye yemera umwenda wa 64.380.000Frw ku wa 26/02/2019. [11] Batamuriza Grâce uburanirwa na Me Murutasibe Joseph akomeza yiregura avuga ko ikigaragara ar'uko mu guhakana umwenda Nizeye Alain Valery afitiye Batamuriza Grâce nta kimenyetso ashingiraho usibye kuvuga ko amasezerano yayasinye ku gahato, akibaza niba avuga ko yashyizweho igitutu asobanura ate ukuntu ayo masezerano yasinywe ndetse akemezwa n'umutangabuhamya witwa Karangwa Jules, nawe yashyizweho igitutu kugira ngo asinye se, asoza avuga ko Nizeye Alain Valery avuga ko amasezerano yo ku wa 29/04/2019 ya 45.000USD yayasinye ku gahato, ayo ku wa 21/12/2018 agaragaza igiteranyo (total) cya 30.000 USD yo ko ntacyo avuga kuri iyo total yaje kwiyongera bamuha andi akaba ariyo yabyaye 45.000USD Usibye rero guhakana umwenda bya ndanze nta kimenyetso gishya atanga ngo kibe cyashingirwaho mu rwego rw'ubujurire, ko ibi kandi Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwarabisobanuye ku rupapuro rwa 5 igika cya 10; Uko uru rukiko rubibona. [12] Urukiko rusanga impaka ziri muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba Batamuriza Grâce yaba yaragurije umwenda ungana iki yaba yarahaye Nizeye Alain Valery kandi niba hari ibimenyetso byemeza ko umwenda uvugwa na Batamuriza Grâce ariwo yatanze koko cyangwa niba haratanzwe ahwanye n’umwenda Nizeye Alain Valery yemera

ubwe; [13] Uru rukiko rusanga mu ica ry’urubanza rujuririrwa urukiko rwisumbuye rwashingiye ku nyandiko yiswe iy’amasezerano y’umwenda yasinywe kuwa 29/04/2019 kubera ko rwasanze ayo masezerano Nizeye Alain Valery yayashyizeho umukono rwemeza ko agomba kubabera itegeko nkuko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 64 y'itegeko nº 45/2011 ryo kuwa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano kandi ko impande zombi zigomba kuyubahiriza uko ari;

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[14] Uru rukiko rusanga ariko iyo nyandiko yo kuwa 29/04/2019 Nizeye Alain Valery yasinye, itagaragaza ko ari amasezerano y’igurizanya ahubwo uburyo yanditse bigaragara ko ari ukwemera umwenda, kuba urukiko rwarayafashe nk’amasezerano magirirane yakozwe n’impande zombi zigurizanya nyamara ubwayo uko ateye ntagaragaza urundi ruhande rwayasinye ngo byitwe ko ari amasezerano avugwa mu bisobanuro byayo mu ngingo ya 1 y'itegeko Nº 45/2011 ryo kuwa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano, isobanura mu gace ka 3º ko “amasezerano magirirane cyangwa mpandezombi”: ari amasezerano abayagiranye bayemeye ku buryo bw’ingenerane bamwe ku bandi bisobanura ko impande zombi zifite inshingano rumwe ku rundi”, muri uru rubanza igikwiye kumvikana ko ingingo ya 64 y’itegeko rigenga amasezerano risobanura ko umwe afite inshingano zo kuguriza undi amafaranga nundi akiyemeza mu masezerano ukuzamwishyura, kuba mu nyandiko urukiko rwisumbuye rwashingiyeho rwemeza ko ari amasezerano magirirane ariko mu nyandiko yo kuwa 29/04/2018 bigaragara ko ari uruhandi rumwe rwayanditse kandi rugira icyo rwemera ariko nta kigaragaza ko urundi ruhande rwayemeye kuko ntaho Batamuriza agaragaza ko yayemeye ko kandi atanze inguzanyo avuga; [15] Rushingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 64 y'itegeko Nº 45/2011 ryo kuwa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano, urukiko rwisumbuye rwashingiyeho isobanura ko “Amasezerano akozwe ku buryo bukurikije

amategeko aba itegeko ku bayagiranye. Ashobora guseswa ari uko babyumvikanyeho cyangwa ku mpamvu zemewe n'amategeko. Agomba kubahirizwa nta buriganya”, rusanga rero muri iyo nyandiko yo kuwa 29/04/2018 idakwiye gufatwa nk’amasezerano yakozwe n’impande zombi kuko ntahagaragara ko Batamuriza Grâce ubwe yayasinye nubwo ariwe uyashingiraho ariko yagombaga kuyemeza ubwe ariko kuba atarasinye ntaho yahera avuga ko yagiranye na Nizeye Alain Valery amasezerano magirirane akwiye kubahiriza cyane ko ibiyakubiyemo bigaragaza ko uwayasinye yemeraga umwenda yahawe ko ataribwo yarahawe umwenda w’amafaranga ayavugwamo, ahubwo yanditse ko yemera umwenda yigeze guhabwa wa 45.000$, bityo hafatwa ko amasezerano yaba yarabaye mbere mu igurizanya rivugwa muri iyo nyandiko yemera umwenda kubera ko ataribwo bari bakigurizanya nkuko iyo nyandiko ibivugwa, ariko kandi uru rukiko rukaba rwasuzuma niba koko uwo mwenda wa 45.000USD waba ari nako watanzwe koko niba hari ibindi bimenyetso byunganira iyi nyandiko yemera umwenda w’igurizanya; [16] Uru rukiko rushingiye ku nyandiko Nizeye Alain Valery yanditse ku munsi wakurikiye wo gusinya inyandiko yo kwemera umwenda w’igurizanya yanditse kuwa 29/04/2019, ko yanditse indi nyandiko isaba gutesha agaciro iyo nyandiko yiswe amasezerano y’umwenda wa 45.000$ agaragaza ko yayasinyishijwe ku gahato yajyanywe muri RIB kuko yari yarezwe na Batamuriza ndetse

anabimenyesha Batamuriza Grâce, rushingiye ku bisobanuro by’ijambo “Guhakana amasezerano” rivugwa mu ngingo ya 1 agace ka 5º y’itegeko rigenga amasezerano, ivuga ko ari kumenyesha uwo mwagiranye amasezerano mbere yo gutangira kuyashyira mu bikorwa ko atazubahirizwa, rukaba rusanga kuwa 30/04/2018 Nizeye yarahakanye iyo nyandiko yiswe amasezerano y’umwenda kandi Bakamuriza akaba yarabimenyeshejwe, rukaba rusanga guhamana amasezerano byarakozwe, rukibaza niba koko iyo nyandiko yafatwa nkaho iteshejwe agaciro; [17] Uru rukiko rusanga Batamuriza mu kuburana kwe adahakana ko yaregeye ubugenzacyaha ibyerekeye uwo mwenda wa 45.000USD kandi akaba adahakana ko iyo nyandiko yiswe amasezerano y’umwenda yo kuwa 29/04/2019 yaba yarakozwe aruko Nizeye Alain Valery ahamagajwe mu bugenzacyaha akaba ari naho iyo nyandiko yakorewe, kuba rero

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yarakorewe mu bugenzacyaha kandi inshingano z’ubugenzacyaha ari ukugenza icyaha naho ibirebana n’umwenda w’igurizanya ari impaka z’imbonezamubano, ko uru rukiko rusanga iyi nyandiko yarakozwe hashingiwe ku gitinyiro cyashyizwe kuri Nizeye Alain Valery nyamara iyo amasezerano akozwe hashingiwe ku gitinyiro cyangwa se ku guterwa ubwoba nkuko bigaragara ko Nizeye Alain Valery yahamagajwe mu bugenzacyaha kuzabwitaba nkuko bigaragazwa na convocation yo kuwa 25/04/2019 akaba ari ikigaragaza ko ubushake bwo gukora ayo masezerano bwahungabanyijwe n’icyo gitinyiro cyo kuyakorera mu rwego rw’ubugenzacyaha kandi adakurikiranyweho cyaha runaka, rushingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 56 y'itegeko Nº 45/2011 ryo kuwa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano, ivuga ko “Iyo amasezerano yakozwe bitewe no gufatwa nabi, guhohoterwa cyangwa gutotezwa n’ubundi buryo bwo gutera ubwoba bikozwe na rumwe mu mpande zikorana amasezerano ku buryo nta bwinyagamburiro busigaye, urundi ruhande rubangamiwe rushobora gusaba gutesha agaciro ayo masezerano. Iyo amasezerano akozwe bitewe no gufatwa nabi, guhohoterwa, gutotezwa n’irindi terabwoba bikozwe n undi ‟ muntu utarebwa n’ayo masezerano, uruhande rwahohotewe rushobora gusaba gutesha agaciro ayo masezerano, keretse iyo urundi ruhande mu zagiranye amasezerano, nta buriganya rufite kandi rutaramenye iterabwoba ryabaye, rwemeye gukosora ibyabaye”, rukaba rwakwemeza

ko icyiswe amasezerano ubwayo yo kuwa 29/04/2019 kidakwiye gushingirwaho cyonyine kidaherekejwe n’amasezerano impande zombi zashyizeho umukono cyangwa se ikindi kimenyetso cyemeza ko hari umwenda watanzwe uhwanye na 45.000$ Nizeye Alain Valery yaba yaremeje muri iyo nyandiko yo kuwa 29/04/2019 nyuma yo guhamagazwa n’ubugenzacyaha kandi nta kigaragaza ko yaba yarakoze icyaha yahamagarirwaga mu bugenzacyaha ngo bube bwari mu iperereza ry’icyaha gifitanye isano n’igurizanya ry’umwenda, bityo amasezerano yo kwemnera umwenda yo kuwa 29/04/2019 urukiko rwisumbuye rwashingiyeho nk’amasezerano impande zombi zagiranye nyamara ntaho Batamuriza Grâce yayasinye ndetse n’uwayasinye akabikora aruko Batamuriza Grâce yakoze ubwo buriganya bwo kumurega mu bugenzacyaha nkaho yakoze icyaha kandi ari ikibazo cy’imbonezamubano (kugurizanya) akaba adakwiye gushirwaho hemezwa ko igurizanya rihwanye koko na 45.000$ ahubwo hashingirwa ku bindi bimenyetso byemeza umwenda waba waratanzwe bigaragara muri dosiye; [18] Kuba Nizeye Alain Valery yemera ko amafaranga abereyemo Batamuriza Grâce ari ibihumbi cumi nabirindwi (17.000 USD) ko yayamugujije mu byiciro bitandukanye ko yabanje kumuha 3,000 USD, izindi nguzanyo zabaye amuha 10,000 USD anamwongera 4,000 USD byabaye nta nyandiko n'imwe ikozwe, uru rukiko ariko rusanga nubwo nta masezerano yanditse ahari yerekeye inguzanyo ya 10.000USD na 4.000USD kuba

ayemera ni ikimenyetso kigaragaza ko ayamubereyemo nkuko ingingo ya 110 y’itegeko N°15//2004 ryo kuwa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo ivuga ko ukwiyemerera mu rubanza ni amagambo umuburanyi cyangwa umuhagarariye avugira mu rukiko agira ibyo yemera. Ayo magambo atsindisha uwayavuze, ariko kandi uru rukiko rusanga nubwo hari inyandiko yo kuwa 21/12/2018 impande zombi zagiranye ndetse zinayasinyaho aho yanditse iti: “Njyewe Batamuriza Grâce Tel 0788305185 mpaye Alain Nizeye Alain Valery 3000$ azasubizwa kuwagatatu le 26/12/2018. Alain akazampa total ya 30.000$ kuwagatatu”, yaba utanze inguzanyo ndetse n’uwagurijwe bose barasinya ndetse bagaragaza na telephone ya buri wese, uru rukiko rusanga aya ari nayo masezerano y’igurizanya impande zombi zagiranye kandi zikanayasinya nta mananiza abayemo ndetse Nizeye Alain Valery akaba adahakana iyo nyandiko, ibiyakubiyemo rero akaba aribyo byubahirizwa nkuko ingingo ya 64 y'itegeko Nº 45/2011 ryo kuwa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano ibiteganya, bityo nubwo Nizeye Alain

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Valery avuga ko yahawe ahwanye na 17.000USD ariko kandi iyi nyandiko ubwe niwe wayisinye kuko atayihakana kandi ikaba ikubiyemo ko nyuma yo guhabwa ahwanye na 3.000$ ko azishyura yose hamwe (Total) ihwanye na 30.000$ bisobanuye ko yemeye ko azishyura n’andi yabanjirije ayo yahawe uwo munsi akayatangira rimwe kuwa gatatu le 26/12/2018 ariko kubera ko atagaragaza ikimenyetso cyaho yaba yarishyuriye iyo mbumbe yemeye gusinyira uru rukiko rukaba rwakwemeza ko ari nayo madorari yagurijwe na Batamuriza Grâce akaba ari nayo akwiye kumwishyura ahwanye na 30.000USD nk’umwenda remezo wagaragarijwe ibimenyetso; [19] Ku byerekeye ahwanye na 10.000USD ndetse na 4.000USD nubwo Nizeye Alain Valery ayemera mu kuburana kwe bikaba byamubera ikimenyetso kimutsindisha ariko kandi rusanga nta kigaragariza uru rukiko ko yaba yarahawe nyuma yo kwemeza ko azishyura ahwanye na total ya 30.000USD ko iyo icyo kimenyetso kigaragara ko rwarikugishingiraho rwemeza ko yakwiyongera kuyo yasinyiye ariko runasanga byashoboka ko yaba yarayahawe mbere yo gusinyira umwenda wose wa 30.000USD kugira ngo agaragarize urukiko ko yahawe makeya nubwo inyandiko igaragaza ko hari andi yahawe mbere yo guhabwa ahwanye na 3.000USD; Gusuzuma niba hari indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza, igihembo cya avocat n’igarama byatangwa muri uru rubanza; [20] Nizeye Alain Valery avuga ko Batamuriza Grâce mu kwishora muri izi manza

agamije indonke zidafite ishingiro, yari abizi neza ko umwenda Nizeye Alain Valery arimo kandi yemera yahawe ungana na 17,000 USD kuba rero Batamuliza Grâce yarishoye mu manza agamije indonke zidafite ishingiro aho yasabye guhabwa 45,000USD mu gihe inguzanyo yatanzwe ingana na 17,000USD, biragaragara ko Batamuliza Grâce ariwe wishoye mu manza, bityo akaba ataragombaga kuririra ku makosa ye ngo yishore mu manza hanyuma anasabe ko yahabwa amafaranga y'igihembo cy'Avoka hanyuma n'urukiko rukaba rwarabimushyigikiyemo rugategeka ko Nizeye Alain Valery agomba kumusubiza amafaranga 500.000Frw ngo yatanze y’igihembo cy'Avoka rwirengagije ko ariwe nyirabayazana w'izi manza yishoyemo, ko kubera izo mpamvu barasaba ko Urukiko rujuririwe rwabisuzuma maze rukemeza ko amafaranga 500.000Frw urukiko rubanza rwategetse nta shingiro afite; [21] Nizeye Alain Valery akomeza avuga ko bitewe n'uko Batamuliza Grâce ariwe wishoye mu manza bigatuma atanga n'amafaranga y'ingwate y'amagarama ndetse n'urukiko rubanza rukaba rwabimushyigikiyemo rugategeka Nizeye Alain Valery kumusubiza amafaranga 20.000Frw yatanzweho ingwate y'amagarama na Batamuliza Grâce mu rubanza rujururirwa, ko asaba Urukiko rujuririwe kwemeza ko ariya mafaranga 20.000Frw ntayo agomba gusubizwa kuko hatanzwe ingwate y'amagarama hagamijwe uburiganya bityo uwayatanze akaba ntayo agomba gusubizwa; [22] Nizeye Alain Valery akomeza avuga

ko bitewe n'uko Batamuliza Grâce ariwe nyirabayazana w' izi manza yashoyemo Nizeye Alain Valery agambiriye uburiganya no gushaka indonke yishyuza umwenda atatanze kuko yatanze inguzanyo ya 17,000USD ariko muri uko gushaka indonke yishyuza 45,000USD kugeza n'ubwo ashoye Nizeye Alain Valery mu manza zitari ngombwa, kubera izo mpamvu Nizeye Alain Valery arasaba Urukiko gusuzuma no gutegeka Batamuliza Grâce kumuha amafaranga 2.000.000Frw y'indishyi z'akababaro kubera igihombo yamuteje ndetse n'igisebo amugerekaho umwenda atamuhaye akanawumwishyuza kugeza ubwo amushoye muri izi manza ku maherere;

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[23] Batamuriza Grâce avuga ko ibivugwa na Nizeye Alain Valery ko Batamuriza Grâce yishoye mu manza birasekeje nonese ko yemera ko amufitiye umwenda wa 17.000USD wose byibura yaba yarawishyuye ko imyaka ishize ari itatu (3) ngo ahereho avuga ko yishoye mu manza, ko nuwo yemera ntarawishyura ariko yarangiza akavuga ngo Batamuriza Grâce ariwe wishoye mu manza kandi ngo ntakwiye amafaranga y'ikurikirana rubanza n'igihembo cy'avoka nkaho yaba yarishyuye ngo abihereho avuga ibyo avuga, ko ibivugwa na Nizeye Alain Valery byerekana neza uko ateye ko nta kintu ajya yemera niyo yaba yaragisinyiye, ko atinyuka kuvuga ko Batamuriza Grâce ntacyo akwiye nk'ikurikirana rubanza n'igihembo cy'avoka kandi azi neza ko amufitiye umwenda utari wishyurwa; [24] Batamuriza Grâce akomeza yiregura ku ndishyi avuga ko nta bintu byinshyi avuga kuko ibikubiye muri iki kibazo bisa n'ibikubiye mu kibazo kimaze gusuzumwa hejuru, ko niba ujurira adahakana umwenda icyo ahakana ari ingano yawo ni gute atategekwa kwishyura ibyo amategeko cyangwa amateka ateganya ku uwatsinzwe? Kuvuga ko amagarama yatanzwe hagamije uburiganya butagaragazwa kuko hari amasezerano agaragaza umwenda, Nizeye Alain Valery yagombaga kwirengera ingaruka zose z'urubanza igihe atsinzwe; [25] Batamuriza Grâce akomeza yiregura ku ndishyi z’akababaro avuga ko atabona inkomoko y'indishyi Nizeye Alain Valery asaba aho azishingira kuko uzisaba

ariwe ufite umwenda adahakana ahubwo mu kwiregura kwe ashaka kugabanya ingano yawo, ko igitangaje aruko n'ibimenyetso ashingiraho bigaragaza neza ko icyo agamije ari ukwambura Batamuriza Grâce, ko niba we ubwe agaragaza amasezerano ariho umwenda total wa 30.000USD agahindukira agashingira ku rwandiko yiyandikiye ko yemera umwenda wa 17.000 USD ni gute yasobanura ibyo bintu? Nk'uko batangiye babisobanura ibi byose ko ari amatakirangoyi Nizeye Alain Valery Alian Valery akaba yarakwiye gushyira mu gaciro akishyura amafaranga y'abandi, naho indishyi z'akababaro za 2.000.000Frw asaba ntazo akwiye kuko ariwe urimo kubabaza abamugiriye neza bamuguriza akanga kubishyura; Uko uru rukiko rubibona. [26] Urukiko mu gusuzuma ibijyanye n’indishyi zisabwa muri uru rubanza, rurasanga kuba Nizeye Alain Valery avuga ko adakwiye gutanga indishyi ngo kuko ntaruhare yagize mugutuma uru rubanza rubaho nubwo amafaranga bigaragara ko yarezwe Urukiko rwasanze yatanga 30.000USD ntabwo yavuga ko nta ruhare yagize mugutuma uru rubanza rubaho kuko nayo yemera ubwe ahwanye na 17.000USD atagaragaza ko yagize ubwo bushake bwo kuyishyura kuneza ngo noneho abe avuga ko nta kibazo yateje, ikigaragara kutishyura umwenda kwe nibyo byatumye uru rubanza rubaho akaba yatanga amafaranga y’ikirikirana rubanza n’igihembo cya avocat byemejwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa ariko akaba ntayandi yacibwa mu bujurire kuko

nubwo atatsindiye ayo yemera ariko kandi n’ayategetswe ku rwego rwa mbere rusanga hari igice cyavanyweho akagabanywa bivuze ko hari igice atsindira nubwo atabihererwa indishyi kuko ari Nizeye Alain Valery wabaye nyirabayaza w’izi manza; Ku byerekeye ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi; [27] Batamuriza Grâce uburanirwa na Me Murutasibe Joseph avuga ko mu rubanza RC 00609/2019/TGI/NYGE, Batamuliza Grace yasabye Urukiko gutegeka Nizeye Alain Valery kwishyura inyungu za 18% buri mwaka kubera ko amafaranga yamuhaye ariyo yifashishaga mu

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bucuruzi bwe ariko Urukiko ntirwazitanga aho rwavuze k'urupapuro rwa 5 agace ka 14 ko nta mpamvu yazo kuko ntacyo zishingiyeho nta nizigaragara mu masezerano, ariko mukuvuga ibi ni uko Urukiko rutarebye igihe aya mafaranga amaze, Ikindi ni uko Batamuriza Grâce iyo aza kwishyurwa aba yarabyaje inyungu aya mafaranga zirenze kure izo yashyize mu mwanzuro we arega, bityo Batamuriza Grâce akaba asaba Urukiko Rukuru gutegeka Nizeye Alain Valery kuzishyura dore ko n'amategeko abyemera kabone niyo zaba zidateganyijwe mu masezerano impande zombi zagiranye, mu kuvuga ibi yifashishije ingingo ya 144 y'itegeko rigenga amasezerano, akaba asaba urukiko Nizeye Alain Valery kumwishyura amafaranga 300.000Frw y'ikurikirana ndetse n'amafaranga 500.000Frw yiyongera kuyo Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwamugeneye kubera ko byabaye ngombwa ko akora uko ashoboye kugira ngo amenye aho urubanza rw'ubujurire rugeze kuko uwajuriye yirinze kujya kurukurikirana, akaba kandi akomeje kwishyura avocat umuburanira, ko aya kandi agomba kuza yiyongera kuyo yagenewe n'Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge mu rubanza RC 00609/2019/TG1/NYGE kuko naho yari afite avoka; Uko uru rukiko rubibona [28] Ingingo ya 156 y'itegeko nº 45/2011 ryo kuwa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano, cyane igika cyayo cya mbere kivuga ko “Indishyi zituruka ku kwica amasezerano zishobora guteganywa mu masezerano ariko hakagenwa umubare ukwiye ugendeye ku

gihombo nyakuri kiriho cyangwa cyiteguwe ko cyabaho mu gihe amasezerano atubahirijwe cyangwa mu gihe cy ingorane zo kubona ibimenyetso by igihombo”; ‟ ‟ [29] Uru rukiko ruhuje ibiteganywa n’iyi ngingo imaze kuvugwa n’ibisabwa na Batamuriza Grâce uvuga ko amafaranga yagurije Nizeye Alain Valery yagombaga kunguka 18% ariko wasuzuma ibimenyetso Batamuriza Grâce agaragariza urukiko rusanga ntahavugwa ko mu gihe hatubahirijwe kwishyura uwagurijwe azishyura indishyi runaka akaba yaramuhaye ayo mafanga amuguriza nta mugambi wo kuyacuruza kuburyo yamuha izo nyungu, ko icyo yamuha ni ukumusubiza ayo yamuhaye ariko kuba yaramuruhije agatuma imanza zibaho, ndetse no kuba Nizeye Alain Valery ataragize ubushake bwo kwishyura nayo yemeye akaba yabitangira indishyi kuko igihe gishize yarahawe umwenda ari kirekire, rushingiye ku mvugo z’umwanditsi witwa Jacques FLOUER, Jean – LUC AUBERT na Eric SAVAUX ivuga ko: “Tout fait quelconque de l’homme qui cause à autrui un dommage, oblige celui par la faute duquel il est arrivé à le réparer” 1, mu Kinyarwanda bisobanuye ko: “Igikorwa cyose cy’umuntu cyangirije undi gitegeka nyiri gukora ikosa rigikomokaho kuriha ibyangiritse”, Nizeye Alain Valery agacibwa indishyi ziyongera kuzagenwe n’urukiko rwisumbuye zihwanye miliyoni ebyiri (2.000.000Frw) z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda y’indishyi z’akababaro zikubiyemo n’igihembo cya avocat n’indishyi zikurikirana rubanza; III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [30] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Nizeye Alain Valery bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe; 1 Jacques FLOUER, Jean – LUC AUBERT na Eric SAVAUX, Droit Civil Les obligations, fait juridique, 12 ème édition, Dalloz, 2007, p.97.

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[31] Rutegetse ko imikirize y’urubanza RC 00609/2019/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge kuwa 10/05/2021 ihindutse ku byerekeye ingano y’umwenda Nizeye Alain Valery agomba kwishyura Batamuriza Grâce hakiyongeraho n’indishyi zitegetswe muri uru rubanza ziyongera ku zategetswe mu rubanza rujuririrwa; [32] Rutegetse Nizeye Alain Valery kwishyura Batamuriza Grâce umwenda yamugurije uhwanye n’ibihumbi mirongo itatu by’amadorari y’amanyamerika (30.000USD) aho kuba ayategetswe mu rubanza rujuririrwa, akanamwishyura na miliyoni ebyiri (2.000.000Frw) akubiyemo indishyi z’akababaro, iz’ikurukirana rubanza n’igihembo cy’avoka ziyongera kuzategetswe mu rubanza rujuririrwa; [33] Rutegetse ingwate y’amagarama yatanzwe na Nizeye Alain Valery ihwanye n’amagarama y’ibyakozwe muri uru rubanza.