MAHESHE v. ECOBANK Ltd

MAHESHE v. ECOBANK Ltd

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2014-11-14 - Case/document no.: RCOMAA 0027/13/CS - Collection: Supreme Court

Text

Page 1

MAHESHE v. ECOBANK Ltd [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – RCOMAA 0027/13/CS (Mutashya, P.J., Nyirinkwaya na Gakwaya, J.) 14 Ugushyingo 2014] Amategeko agenga amasezerano – Amasezerano yo kohereza amafaranga mu mahanga – Indishyi – Amasezerano atubahirijwe n’umwe mu bayakoze, abitangira indishyi – Kuba Banki itubaahirije amasezerano ntiyavuga ko itagomba gutanga indishyi yitwaza ko itagambiriye gukora ikosa ryo gushyira amafaranga kuri konti itariyo mu gihe banki yiyemerera ayo makosa yakoze – Amategeko agenga amasezerano – Inyungu zibariwe kuri 18% – Kuba banki yashubije amafaranga yari yarashyizwe kuri konti itariyo nyuma y’iminsi 190 nk’uko ibyiyemerera, byamwangirije mu mibanire ye n’abo bakorana mu rwego rw’ubucuruzi, ikaba igomba kubitangira indishyi z’akababaro, Itegeko nº 45/2011 ryo kuwa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano, ingingo ya 143 – Incamake y’ikibazo: Maheshe yasabye ECOBANK gushyira kuri konti yayihaye yo muri Industrial and Commercial Bank of China yari agenewe umukiliya we uba mu bushinwa amafaranga angana na 106.700 Dollars, anayiha Facture Proforma igaragaza ibicuruzwa yagombaga kohererezwa, iyi ntiyabikora ahubwo iyashyira ku yindi konti itari yo. Maheshe yakomeje kwandikira ECOBANK ayisaba kumwohereza ayo mafaranga cyangwa ikayamusubiza ariko ntiyabikora, bituma ayirega mu rukiko rukuru rw’ubucuruzi asaba gusubizwa amafaranga ye, anasaba n’ indishyi zinyuranye.

Urukiko rwemeza ko ECOBANK itsinzwe, ruyitegeka gusubiza Maheshe ama dollars angana na 106.700. Maheshe nawe yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga avuga ko yahawe indishyi nkeya ugereranyije n’igihombo yagize arimo gukurikirana ayo mafaranga. Akaba asaba Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kumuha indishyi zibariwe kuri18% kubera ko ari umucuruzi. ECOBANK yo ikavuga ko impanvu yatumye ajurira ari uko yaciwe indishyi mu buryo budasobanutse kandi ikosa yari yakoze iryemera, rikaba ryaranakosowe kuko Maheshe yasubijwe amafaranga ye. Ikomeza ivuga ko isaba urukiko rwayisonera indishyi zose yaciwe n’urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi. Maheshe nawe akomeza avuga ko indishyi Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwagenye nkeya cyane ugyereranyije n’ibyo yatakaje kuko ECOBANK yakoze ikosa yogushyira amafaranga kuri konti itandukanye n’iyo yahawe bigatuma ibicuruzwa bye bitamugeraho ku gihe, nk’umucuruzi bikamutera igihombo. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Kuba banki yakoze ikosa ryo kutubahiriza amasezerano yagiranye na kiliya wayo, iryo kosa rikaba ryaramwangirije, igomba kubiryozwa itanga indishyi kubw’igihombo yatejwe nk’umucuruzi.

2. Kuba banki yarateje client wayo igihombo kuko nk’umuntu w’umucuruzi, aba yarayabyaje inyungu muri icyo gihe cyose banki yayamaranye bityo akaba akwiye kubona indishyi mbonezamusaruro z’icyo gihombo zibariwe ku gipimo cya 18% amabanki asanzwe abariraho inyungu ku nguzanyo zihabwa abakora umwuga w’ubucuruzi,

Page 2

Ubujurire bwa ECOBANK nta shingiro bufite. Ubujurire bwa Maheshe bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe. Amagarama y’urubanza aherereye kuwarezwe. Amategeko yashingiweho Itegeko nº 45/2011 ryo kuwa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano, ingingo ya 143 Nta manza zifashishijwe Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] MAHESHE Munyerenkana Floride avuga ko yasabye ECOBANK Ltd gushyira kuri Konti 1203213409100006638 iri muri Industrial and Commercial Bank of China USD 106.700 agenewe umukiliya we uba mu Bushinwa, anayiha „Facture Proforma“ igaragaza ibicuruzwa yagombaga kohererezwa, ko ariko ECOBANK Ltd itashyize ayo mafaranga kuri iyo Konti, ahubwo yayashyize kuri Konti Nº1203223409100006638 bigatuma atagera kuwo yari agenewe. [2] MAHESHE Munyerenkana Floride nyuma yo kubona ko uwo yagombaga koherereza amafaranga akomeje kumwishyuza, yandikiye ECOBANK Ltd ayisaba kohereza amafaranga k‘uwo yari agenewe, cyangwa se akayasubizwa ariko ntibyakorwa, bituma aregera Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi asaba gusubizwa ayo mafaranga ye n’indishyi zinyuranye. [3] Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwaciye urubanza kuwa 17/01/2013 rwemeza ko ECOBANK Rwanda Ltd itsinzwe, ruyitegeka guha MAHESHE Munyerenkana Floride USD 106.700 yayihaye, inyungu zayo zingana na USD 2.500, indishyi z’akababaro n’iz’ikurikiranarubanza zingana na 1.000.000 Frw. [4] ECOBANK Ltd yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga ivuga ko yategetswe gusubiza USD 106.700

mu gihe uwo yohererejwe yamugezeho n’ubwo bwose habanje kubaho udukosa duto ariko ko twakosowe no kuba yaraciwe indishyi z’umurengera kandi zidafite aho zishingiye. [5] MAHESHE Munyerekana Floride nawe yajuriye mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga, avuga ko yahawe indishyi nke ugereranyije n’igihombo yagize arimo gukurikirana ayo mafaranga kugeza n’aho yigira mu Bushinwa, asaba Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kumuha indishyi mbonezamusaruro zibariwe ku nyungu za 18% kubera ko ari umucuruzi, no kumugenera indishyi z’akababaro zirenze izo yagenewe mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, igihembo cya avoka n’amafaranga y‘ikurikiranarubanza. [6] Ubujurire bwombi bwahurijwe hamwe buhabwa nº RCOMA 0027/13/CS, iburanisha ry’urubanza rishyirwa ku wa 30/09/2014, ECOBANK Ltd iburanirwa na Me BUZAYIRE Angèle, naho MAHESHE Munyerekana Floride aburanirwa na Me BIMENYIMANA Eric.

Page 3

II. IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYACYO Kumenya niba indishyi zagenwe muri uru rubanza zikwiye. [7] Me BUZAYIRE Angèle avuga ko impamvu zatumye ECOBANK Ltd ijurira itazishingiyeho uretse ku byerekeranye n‘indishyi yaciwe ku buryo budasobanutse kandi ikosa ryari ryabaye ryo kohereza amafaranga ya MAHESHE Munyerekana Floride kuri konti itari yo iryemera, ariko rikaba ryarakosowe kuko yasubijwe amafaranga ye. [8] Avuga ko Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rukwiye gusonera ECOBANK Ltd indishyi zose yaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw‘Ubucuruzi, ni ukuvuga USD 2.500 y’indishyi zijyanye n’inyungu yagombaga kubona, 1.000.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’Avoka kubera ko ECOBANK Ltd nayo ku ruhande rwayo yatanze amafaranga menshi kugira ngo ikibazo gikemuke, ko nta kosa ryo mu rwego rw’akazi ryabayeho, ahubwo icyabayeho kikaba ari ukwibeshya kandi ko byakosowe. [9] Akomeza avuga ko niba kandi haranabayeho n’ikosa, na MAHESHE Munyerekana Floride yabigizemo uruhare, kuko nimero ya Konti yoherejweho amafaranga ariwe wayitanze, n‘urupapuro ruyohereza niwe warusinye, bivuze ko nawe afite uruhare mu ikosa ryakozwe kuko arusinya yagombaga kubibona, ko rero atari kwihutira kurega ahubwo yari kwegera Banki ikibazo kigakemuka. [10] Avuga kandi ko Banki ikimara kumenya iryo kosa, yahise itangira gukurikirana ikibazo ikoresheje amafaranga yayo, ko kuba MAHESHE Munyerekana Floride avuga ko yagiye

mu Bushinwa, ari ku bushake bwe kuko ECOBANK Ltd itigeze imubwira ko yabinaniwe kuko buri gihe yamumenyeshaga aho bigeze, ku bw’ibyo indishyi ECOBANK Ltd yaciwe zikaba zikwiye gukurwaho kubera ko zatanzwe nta bisobanuro zitangiwe. [11] Asoza avuga ko inyungu za 18% MAHESHE Munyerekana Floride asaba, ari umurengera kubera ko na Banki ubwayo iyasaba mu mwaka, akaba kandi atarigeze agaragaza ko yari kuba yayungutse iyo iryo kosa ritaza kubaho. Akomeza avuga ko ibyo kuba yaragiye mu Bushinwa ariwe wabyishingira kuko ariwe wihaye kujyayo mu gihe Banki yari irimo gukurikirana ikibazo. [12] Me BIMENYIMANA Eric uburanira MAHESHE Munyerenkana Floride avuga ko indishyi Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwagennye ari nke cyane ugereranyije n’ibyo uwo aburanira yatakaje, ikaba ariyo mpamvu nawe yajuriye, ko Banki yakoze ikosa mu kazi ryo gushyira amafaranga kuri Konti itandukanye n’iyo yahawe na MAHESHE Munyerenkana Floride bigatuma ibicuruzwa bye bitamugeraho ku gihe, nk’umucuruzi bikaba byaramuteye igihombo . [13] Akomeza avuga ko ibyo ECOBANK Ltd ivuga ko MAHESHE Munyerenkana Floride nawe yabigizemo uruhare, nta shingiro bifite kubera ko nta mpapuro yigeze asinya, ko we yabahaye nimero bashyiraho amafaranga bakaba baragombaga kugenzura neza mbere y’uko bohereza amafaranga, impapuro zose yasinye zikaba zigaragaza ko amafaranga agomba koherezwa kuri Konti 1203213409100006638 ECOBANK Ltd yo ikayashyira kuri 1203223409100006638 MAHESHE Munyerenkana Floride atazi.

Page 4

[14] Avuga ko ECOBANK Ltd yakomeje kugenda imubwira amakuru atariyo kugeza ubwo yigiriyeyo agasanga uwohererejwe amafaranga ataramugezeho, mu gihe Banki yo yakomezaga kumwemeza ko uwohererejwe amafaranga nawe bakorana ko kandi yayabonye, ECOBANK Ltd ikaba yarakoze ikosa, ko iyo iza kuba nta kosa yakoze itari kwirirwa ikurikirana ikoresheje amafaranga yayo. [15] Avuga ko gukomeza gukurikirana, bigaragaza ko ECOBANK Ltd yemera ikosa ryayo, n’ubwo ryaba ryarakozwe mu buryo butatekerejweho, ariko ryarakozwe kandi ritera igihombo ikaba igomba kukiryozwa. [16] Ku bijyanye n’indishyi, avuga ko yagenewe nke cyane ugereranyije n’igihombo yagize kubera ko amafaranga yabuze iminsi igera kuri 190 ibicuruzwa bigatinda koherezwa, icyo gihe MAHESHE Munyerenkana Floride akaba yaragombaga kuba acuruza, ko rero akwiye guhabwa inyungu zingana na 9.998 USD abariwe kuri 18% asanzwe atangwa na Banki. [17] Asoza avuga ko uwo aburanira kandi yatakarijwe icyizere n’abacuruzi yakoranaga nabo kubera ko batabonye ibicuruzwa yari yabijeje ko yatumije, no kuba yarabwiraga abamuha ibicuruzwa ko yohereje amafaranga ariko bakayategereza bakayabura, ko ibyo byose agomba kubiherwa indishyi zingana na 20.000 USD na 5.000.000 Frw y‘ ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’avoka, asaba kandi ko Urukiko rwategeka ko MAHESHE Munyerenkana Floride asubizwa 1.000.000 Frw yatanze nk’ingwate yashyizwe kuri Konti y’Urukiko kuko ari umunyamahanga.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA Ku bujuririre bwa ECOBANK Ltd [18] Urukiko rurasanga mu bisobanuro byatanzwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi mu kwemeza ko ECOBANK Ltd yakoze ikosa ko kandi igomba gucibwa indishyi, rwarashingiye ku kuba MAHESHE Munyerenkana Floride yarayimenyesheje ko amafaranga atageze ku wo yari yohererejwe nayo ikabyemera igatangira kubikurikirana, no kuba ECOBANK Ltd nayo ubwayo yemera ko konti yashyizweho amafaranga itandukanye n’iyo yari yahawe na MAHESHE Munyerekana Floride. [19] Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rukaba rwemeranya n’ibi bisobanuro byatanzwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi dore ko no muri uru Rukiko uburanira ECOBANK Ltd atabashije kugaragaza ibindi bimenyetso bishya bivuguruza ibisobanuro byatanzwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, ahubwo uburanira ECOBANK Ltd akaba yarongeye kwemera ko habayeho ikosa, ariko ko ryakosowe n’amafaranga akaba yarasubijwe MAHESHE Munyerenkana Floride. [20] Urukiko rurasanga ibyo ECOBANK Ltd ivuga ko na MAHESHE Munyerenkana Floride yagize uruhare mu ikosa ryabaye, nta shingiro bifite kubera ko mu nyandiko zose bagiranye n’izo ECOBANK Ltd yagiranye na CITIBANK N.A, zose zigaragaza ko amafaranga yagombaga koherezwa kuri Konti 1203213409100006638 MAHESHE Munyerenkana Floride yari yamenyesheje ECOBANK Ltd ariko yo irarenga iyohereza kuri konti 1203223409100006638. [21] Ku byerekeye ibyo ECOBANK Ltd ivuga ko niba n’ikosa ryarabaye itari ibigambiriye ko rero itagomba kubitangira indishyi, nta gaciro byahabwa kuko ikirebwa ahangaha, ni

Page 5

ukutubahiriza amasezerano yabaye hagati y’abantu babiri, kandi iyo umwe atayubahirije abitangira indishyi hatitawe kurebwa niba yari yabigambiriye cyangwa se atabigambiriye. [22] Urukiko rurasanga ibimaze kuvugwa byerekana ku buryo bwumvikana ko ECOBANK Ltd yakoze ikosa ryo kutubahiriza amasezerano yagiranye na MAHESHE Munyerenkana Floride, ko kandi iryo kosa ryamwangirije, bityo ECOBANK Ltd ikaba igomba kubiryozwa nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwabyemeje, bityo ubujurire bwayo bw’uko itagomba gutanga indishyi bukaba nta shingiro bufite. Ku bujurire bwa MAHESHE Munyerenkana Floride [23] Urukiko rurasanga kubera amakosa yayo, ECOBANK Ltd yaramaranye USD 106.700 ya MAHESHE Munyerenkana Floride iminsi 190 ni ukuvuga kuva ku wa 01/08/2012 kugeza ku wa 06/02/2013 kuko kuri iyo tariki nibwo ECOBANK Ltd yayamushubije kandi na ECOBANK Ltd ntibihakana. [24] Urukiko rurasanga iyo migirire ya ECOBANK Ltd yarateje MAHESHE Munyerenkana Floride igihombo kuko nk’umuntu w’umucuruzi, aba yarayabyaje inyungu muri icyo gihe cyose ECOBANK Ltd yayamaranye, bityo, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 144 y’itegeko nº 45/2011 ryo kuwa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano1, akaba akwiye kubona indishyi mbonezamusaruro z’icyo gihombo zibariwe ku gipimo cya 18% amabanki asanzwe abariraho inyungu ku nguzanyo zihabwa abakora umwuga w’ubucuruzi, bityo ECOBANK Ltd ikaba igomba kumuha indishyi zingana na USD 106.700 x

18 x 190: 365 x 100= USD 9.998, ahwanye na 6.998.600 Frw hashingiwe uko ivunja rihagaze uyu munsi ni ukuvuga 700 Frw=1 dollar. [25] Urukiko rurasanga USD 106.700 MAHESHE Munyerenkana Floride yari yahaye ECOBANK Ltd ngo iyashyikirize umukiriya we ariko igakora ikosa ikayashyira kuri compte itariyo, yarayashubijwe nkuko ababuranyi bombi babyemeranyaho. [26] Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rurasanga ku bijyanye n’indishyi z’akababaro MAHESHE Munyerenkana Floride asaba azikwiye koko kubera ko kutubahiriza amasezerano kwa ECOBANK Ltd byamwangirije mu mibanire ye n’abo bakorana mu rwego rw’ubucuruzi, bityo hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 143 y’itegeko nº 45/2011 ryo kuwa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano iteganya ko :“Nta ndishyi zituruka ku ihungabana zishobora gutangwa, keretse gusa iyo kwica amasezerano byateye ubusembwa ku mubiri cyangwa amasezerano uko ateye cyangwa uburyo yishwe ari byo byateye iryo hungabana” , izo ndishyi akaba agomba kuzihabwa. [27] Urukiko rurasanga ariko izo ndishyi rugomba kuzigena mu bushishozi bwarwo, rukaba rumugeneye 3.000.000 Frw kubera USD 20.000 yaka ari umurengera. Urukiko rurasanga kandi MAHESHE Munyerenkana Floride akwiye kugenerwa kuri uru rwego mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko 800.000 Frw akubiyemo amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’avoka kuko ayo asaba ari ikirenga, akiyongera kuyo yari yagenewe ku rwego rwa mbere. 1 1 Iyo ngingo igira iti: “ Iyo kwica amasezerano birebana no kutishyura amafaranga cyangwa kudakora igisabwa gishobora kubarwa mu mafaranga azwi cyangwa ashobora kumenyekena, inyungu zibarwa uhereye igihe igisabwa cyagombaga gukorwa hakuwemo ibyo uruhande rwishe amasezerano rufiteho uburenganzira”.

Page 6

[28] Urukiko rurasanga kandi MAHESHE Munyerenkana Floride agomba gusubizwa 1.000.000 Frw yashyizwe kuri Konti y’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi mu rwego rw’ingwate itangwa n’abanyamahanga nkuko bigaragazwa na “bordereau de versement” yo kuwa 18/12/2012. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [29] Rwemeye kwakira ubujurire bwa ECOBANK Ltd, ruvuze ko nta shingiro bufite; [30] Rwemeye kwakira ubujurire bwa MAHESHE Munyerenkana Floride, ruvuze ko bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe; [31] Rwemeje ko ikibazo cya MAHESHE Munyerenkana Floride cyo gusubizwa USD 106.700 cyarangiye kuko ECOBANK Ltd yayamushubije nkuko ababuranyi bombi babyemeranyaho; [32] Rutegetse ECOBANK Ltd guha MAHESHE Munyerenkana Floride USD 9.998 y’igihombo yagize ahwanye na 6.998.600 Frw, 3.000.000 Frw y’indishyi z’akababaro, 800.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’avoka yiyongera kuyo yari yahawe ku rwego rwa mbere ni ukuvuga 800.000 Frw + 500.000 Frw = 1.300.000 Frw, bivuze ko ECOBANK Ltd igomba kumuha yose hamwe 6.998.600 Frw + 3.000.000 Frw +1.300.000 Frw= 11.296.600 Frw; [33] Rutegetse ko MAHESHE Munyerenkana Floride asubizwa 1.000.000 Frw yashyizwe kuri Konti y’Urukiko nk’ingwate itangwa n’abanyamahanga. [34] Rutegetse ECOBANK Ltd gutanga amagarama y’urukiko .