UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MAJYAMBERE

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MAJYAMBERE

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2022-05-25 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00229/2020/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MAJYAMBERE [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00229/2020/CA (Umugwaneza, P.J.) 25 Gicurasi 2022] Amategeko nshinjabyaha – Icyaha cyo guhinga ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi – Kuba hari ugushidikanya ku kumenya niba koko igiti kivugwa ko cyaranduwe imbere y’inzu uregwa yari acumbitsemo ari urumogi no ku kumenya niba ariwe wagihinze, uregwa ntahamwa n’icyaha cyo guhinga ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe, Ubushinjacyaha bukurikiranye Majyambere ku cyaha cyo kubika ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, buvuga ko abashinzwe umutekano bahawe amakuru ko ashobora kuba acumbikira amabandi, bagiye iwe kumusaka mu ijoro ngo barebe abantu bari kumwe, basanga yarahinze urumogi igiti kimwe mu mbuga, baramufata ashyikirizwa ubugenzacyaha atangira gukurikiranwa. Uregwa yaburanye ahakana icyaha, akavuga ko abantu baje iwe bamuhagarika ku giti cy’urumogi bamubaza niba ari icye arabahakanira. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo guhinga ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri n’eshanu (25.000.000frw) ndetse rutegeka ko urumogi rwafatiriwe runyagwa rugatwikwa urubanza rukimara gusomwa. Uregwa ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urwo rubanza maze arujurira mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, avuga ko atari kujya guhinga urumogi mu isambu itari iye kandi ko urebye uko icyo giti cy’urumogi cyanganaga bigaragara ko kitatewe mu kwezi kumwe kuko mu nzu yabagamo yari amazemo ukwezi kumwe gusa. Urwo Rukiko narwo rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ubujurire bw’uregwa nta shingoro bufite, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw) rumugabanyiriza igihano kubera ko ari ubwa mbere yari aguye mu cyaha no kuba icyaha yakoze nta ngaruka zikomeye cyateje. Uregwa yarongeye ajuririra Urukiko Rw’Ubujurire anenga Urukiko kuba rwaramuhamije icyaha nta bimenyetso bihagije kandi bidashidikanywaho rushingiyeho, agasobanura ko nta gushishoza kwabayeho kuko aho yari atuye hasanzwe igiti cy’urumogi kandi yarahamaze igihe cy’ibyumweru bibiri gusa, akomeza avuga ko muri icyo gihe cy’ibyumweru bibiri atari kuba yahinze urumogi ngo rube rungana uko rwaranduwe rungana. Ubushinjacyaha bwo bwaburanye buvuga ko Urukiko rwasesenguye ibimenyetso, ariko ko kuri uru rwego rw’ubujurire uregwa nta cyo avuga ku isesengura ryakorewe ibyo bimenyetso, Ubushinjacya buvuga kandi ko uregwa atigeze ahakana ko icyatsi cyaranduwe aho yari akodesheje ari urumogi kandi ko mu babonye icyo cyatsi harimo inzego z'umutekano zizi gutandukanya urumogi n'ikindi cyatsi, ko rero uregwa atakabaye yitiranya icyo cyatsi cy'urumogi n'ikindi cyatsi kuko abaturage basobanuye ko nta n'ibindi byatsi byari imbere y'uwo muryango. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Kuba hari ugushidikanya ku kumenya niba koko igiti kivugwa ko cyaranduwe imbere y’inzu uregwa yari acumbitsemo ari urumogi no ku kumenya niba ariwe

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wagihinze, uregwa ntahamwa n’icyaha cyo guhinga ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro; Urubanza rwajuririwe ruhindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose. Amategeko yakoreshejwe: Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, Ingingo ya a07 n’iya 111. Nta manza zifashishijwe. Urubanza [1] Mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe, Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Majyambere Jean bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo kubika ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, buvuga ko ku wa 26/03/2019 abashinzwe umutekano bahawe amakuru ko ashobora kuba acumbikira amabandi, bagiye iwe kumusaka mu ijoro ngo barebe abantu bari kumwe, basanga yarahinze urumogi igiti kimwe mu mbuga, baramufata ashyikirizwa ubugenzacyaha atangira gukurikiranwa. MAJYAMBERE Jean yaburanye ahakana icyaha, akavuga ko abantu baje iwe bamuhagarika ku giti cy’urumogi bamubaza niba ari icye arabahakanira. [2] Mu rubanza RP 00107/2019/TGI/NYBE rwaciwe ku wa 29/04/2019, Urukiko rwemeje ko Majyambere Jean ahamwa n’icyaha cyo guhinga ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri n’eshanu (25.000.000frw) ndetse rutegeka ko urumogi rwafatiriwe runyagwa rugatwikwa urubanza rukimara gusomwa. [3] Majyambere Jean yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, avuga ko atari kujya guhinga urumogi mu isambu itari iye kandi ko urebye uko icyo giti cy’urumogi cyanganaga bigaragara ko kitatewe mu kwezi kumwe kuko mu nzu yabagamo yari amazemo ukwezi kumwe gusa. [4] Mu rubanza RPA 00447/2019/HC/NYZ rwaciwe ku wa 27/02/2020, Urukiko rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Majyambere Jean nta shingoro bufite, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw) rumugabanyiriza igihano kubera ko ari ubwambere yari aguye mu cyaha no kuba icyaha yakoze nta ngaruka zikomeye cyateje. [5] Majyambere Jean yajuririye imikirize y’urubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, anenga Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza kuba rwaramuhamije icyaha nta bimenyetso bihagije kandi bidashidikanywaho rushingiyeho.

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[6] Urubanza rwabunishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 06/05/2022, Majyambere Jean yunganiwe na Me Muhire Jean Marie Eugène naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Mukunzi Faustin, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’igihugu. II. IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYACYO: Kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwarahamije MAJYAMBERE Jean icyaha nta bimenyetso bidashikanywaho rushingiyeho. [7] Majyambere Jean avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwamuhamije icyaha nta bimenyetso bihagije kandi bidashidikanywaho rushingiyeho, agasobanura ko nta gushishoza kwabayeho kuko aho yari atuye hasanzwe igiti cy’urumogi kandi yarahamaze igihe cy’ibyumweru bibiri gusa, akomeza avuga ko muri icyo gihe cy’ibyumweru bibiri atari kuba yahinze urumogi ngo rube rungana uko rwaranduwe rungana, ndetse ko hagombaga kubazwa ba nyiri inzu yakodeshaga ariko ntibyakorwa, ko iyo atekereza guhinga urumogi atari kujya kuruhinga ku muryango w'inzu ku rubaraza kuko yumva ko ibintu nk'ibyo bihingwa ahantu hihishe, kandi ko atajyaga kumenya amoko y'ibyatsi ari aho hantu ngo amenyeshe inzego z’umutekano iby’icyo giti na cyane ko atazi icyatsi cy'urumogi, bityo ko yahamijwe icyaha kitabayeho, kidafite ibimenyetso bigishimangira. [8] Me Muhire Jean Marie Eugène avuga ko mu guca urubanza Urukiko Rukuru rwagenekereje kuko rwashingiye ku bimenyetso bishidikanywaho, ko rutari gushingira ku byagaragajwe n’Ubushinjacyaha ndetse n’imvugo z’abatangabuhamya ngo rwemeze ko MAJYAMBERE Jean ariwe wahinze urumogi rwasanzwe mu mbuga yaho yari atuye mu gihe we yivugira ko atari asanzwe anaruzi. [9] Akomeza avuga ko Ubushinjacyaha butashoboye kugaragaza igihe icyo giti cy’urumogi cyaba cyari kimaze gitewe ugereranije n’igihe Majyambere Jean yari amaze muri iyo nzu ngo byemezwe ko yaba ariwe wagiteye koko, ndetse ko Ubushinjacyaha butagaragaje ko Majyambere Jean yaba yaritaga kuri icyo giti uretse kuvuga ko nta bindi byatsi byari iruhande rwacyo nyamara no mu ifoto ubwayo bigaragara ko icyo giti cyari cyegeranye n’ibindi byatsi. [10] Me Muhire Jean Marie Eugène anavuga ko Majyambere Jean yaje gusakwa iwe saa munani z'ijoro (02h:00) kandi gusaka muri ayo masaha bitemewe n’amategeko ndetse ko abemeje ko icyo giti cyasanzwe iwe ari urumogi nta experience bari bafite yo kwemeza ko icyatsi runaka ari urumogi, ko rero nta kigaragaza ko icyo cyatsi ari urumogi mu gihe kitapimwe ngo byemezwe n’abahanga babifitemo ubumenyi, kandi ko n’iyo cyaba ari urumogi nta cyemeza ko Majyambere Jean ariwe wagihinze kuko ikimenyetso ubushinjacyaha bushingiraho ari isakwa ryakozwe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko, asaba ko Majyambere Jean yarenganurwa akagirwa umwere kuko nta bimenyetso bidashidikanywaho byemeza ko yakoze icyaha. [11] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ibyo Majyambnere Jean avuga ko yari amaze iby’umweru bibiri atuye muri iyo nzu, nta bimenyetso yabigaragarije cyane ko icyo giti cy’urumogi cyari gihinze imbere y’umuryango w’inzu yabagamo kandi kigaragarira buri wese, ko nta wundi mwanzuro byageraho usibye kwemeza ko ariwe waruteye.

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[12] Ubushinjacyaha bukomeza buvuga ko busanga nk’uko ingingo ya 119 y’Itegeko nº 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo ibiteganya, ko mu manza z’inshinjabyaha ibimenyetso bishingira ku mpamvu zose z’ibyabaye (liberté de preuve), ibimenyetso byashingiweho n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, byemeza nta gushidikanya ko Majyambere Jean ariwe wateye icyo giti cy’urumogi. [13] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ku mu gika cya 7,8,9,10,11 by’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko rwasesenguye ibimenyetso, ariko ko kuri uru rwego rw’ubujurire Majyambere Jean n'umwunganizi we nta cyo bavuga ku isesengura ryakorewe ibyo bimenyetso. Avuga kandi ko Majyambere Jean atigeze ahakana ko icyatsi cyaranduwe aho yari akodesheje kwa Fils ari urumogi kandi ko mu babonye icyo cyatsi harimo inzego z'umutekano zizi gutandukanya urumogi n'ikindi cyatsi, ko rero Majyambere Jean atakabaye yitiranya icyo cyatsi cy'urumogi n'ikindi cyatsi kuko abaturage basobanuye ko nta n'ibindi byatsi byari imbere y'uwo muryango. [14] Ubushinjacyaha bunaburana buvuga ko kuvuga ko urumogi rwabonetse mu isaka ridakurikije amategeko ataribyo, kuko rutabonetse mu isaka, kandi ko inzego z'umutekano zibaye zigiye gusaka ku cyaha runaka, zitabujijwe gukurikirana ibindi byaha zabona. Bunavuga ko kuvuga ko Majyambere Jean atari guhinga urumogi ku muhanda nabyo ataribyo, kuko aho yari atuye atari ku muhanda nyabagendwa kandi nta n'itegeko rivuga ko urumogi rugomba guhingwa mu murima wihishe cyangwa mu gikombe, busaba ko urubanza rujuririrwa rwagumana agaciro karwo kuko hari ibimenyetso rwashingiyeho mu guhamya MAJYAMBERE Jean icyaha. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [15] Ingingo ya 107 y’Itegeko n° 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha ivuga ko «Ubushinjacyaha, uwakorewe icyaha cyangwa se abamufiteho uburenganzira iyo baregeye indishyi z’akababaro cyangwa biregeye umuburanyi, aribo bagomba gutanga ibimenyetso byemeza icyaha». [16] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha iteganya ko «Gushidikanya birengera ushinjwa. Iyo urubanza rwakurikiranywe mu buryo bwose, ntihagire ibimenyetso nyakuri biboneka byemeza nta shiti abacamanza ko ushinjwa yakoze icyaha koko, bagomba kwemeza ko atsinze”. [17] Izi ngingo zivugiwe hamwe zumvikanisha ko uregeye urukiko ariwe ufite inshingano yo gutanga ibimenyetso byemeza icyaha, Ikindi cyumvikana muri izi ngingo, ni uko gushidikanya birengera uregwa kandi ko iyo urubanza rwakurikiranywe mu buryo bwose, ntihagire ibimenyetso nyakuri biboneka byemeza nta shiti abacamanza ko ushinjwa yakoze icyaha koko, bagomba kwemeza ko atsinze”. [18] Nk’uko bigaragara mu rubanza RP 00107/2019/TGI/NYBE rwaciwe ku rwego rwa mbere, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe rwasobanuye ko n’ubwo Majyambere Jean aburana ahakana icyaha akavuga ko nta rumogi yahinze, ko barumweretse bamaze kururandura ahandi, ariko hari ibimenyetso bikimuhamya bigizwe n’imvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamufashe aribo Mnunyaneza Fidèle na Tuyishime Olivier bemeza ko bahawe amakuru ko acumbikira abajura bajya kumusaka bagasanga ntabahari ariko bagasanga imbere y’inzu acumbitsemo

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hateye igiti cy’urumogi, inyandikomvugo y’ifatira ry’igiti cy’urumogi yafatanywe akemera kuyishyiraho umukono byemeza ko koko yarufatanywe, n’ifoto yafotowe arwicaye iruhande. [19] Urukiko rushingiye kuri ibyo bimenyetso rwamuhamije icyaha cyo guhinga ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’Urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda angana na miliyoni makumyabiri n’eshanu (25.000.000 Frw). [20] Nk’uko kandi bigaragara mu rubanza RPA 00447/2019/HC/NYZ rwajuririwe, Majyambere Jean yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza agaragaza ko nta rumogi yahinze, ko atari gutera urumogi mu isambu itari iye, urwo Rukiko narwo rushingiye ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya Tuyishime Olivier na Munyaneza Fidèle bemeza ko babonye igiti cy’urumogi aho giteye imbere y’umuryango w’inzu atuyemo ndetse ko yari ahatuye wenyine kandi igiti giteye cyonyine nta byatsi bihari ndetse n’ifoto yafashwe nayo igaragaza ko icyo giti cy’urumogi cyari cyonyine kandi iruhande rwacyo nta kindi cyatsi cyari gihari, byerekana ko yacyitagaho akahakora isuku ariko nta kirandure nyamara ibindi byatsi byari biranduye cyane ko cyari giteye imbere y’umuryango; rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, rumugabanyiriza igihano hashingiwe ku kuba aribwo bwambere yari aguye mu cyaha no ku kuba icyaha yakoze nta ngaruka zikomeye cyateje, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw). [21] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko kuva Majyambere Jean yatangira gukurikiranwa atigeze yemera icyaha haba mu mabazwa ye mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha ndetse no mu Rukiko mu iburanisha kuva yaburana ku rwego rwambere kugeza kuri uru rwego rw’ubujurire bwa kabiri, hose ahakana ko atigeze ahinga urumogi, ndetse akavuga ko agereranyije uko igiti cy’urumogi bamweretse bavuga ko baranduye imbere y’inzu yari acumbitsemo cyanganaga n’igihe gito cy’ibyumweru bibiri yari amaze muri iyo nzu, urumogi rwaba rwarahinzwe muri icyo gihe rutaba rungana nk’uko urwo yeretswe rwanganaga. [22] Ikindi Majyambere Jean n’umwunganizi we bavuga ni uko abamufashe nta bumenyi bwihariye bafite bwo kumenya niba icyatsi runaka ari urumogi, ko icyo cyatsi bivugwa cyaranduwe imbere y’iwe cyagombaga gupimishwa bikemezwa n’inzobere ko ari urumogi koko, kandi ko niyo rwaba arirwo nta cyemeza ko ariwe waruteye. [23] Nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe n‘Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, mu guhamya Majyambere Jean icyaha rwashingiye ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya Tuyishime Olivier na Munyaneza Fidèle bari mu bamufashe bemeza ko mu ijoro ryo ku wa 26/03/2019 bagiye gusaka murugo iwe aho yari yarakodeshe inzu yo kubamo kuko bari bafite amakuru ko acumbikira amabandi, ntibabona amabandi ariko babona igiti cy’urumogi gihinze imbere y’inzu, inyandiko mvugo y’ifatira ry’icyo giti cy’urumogi n’ifoto yacyo. [24] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ibyo bimenyetso byashingiweho n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza biteye urujijo mu kuba hakwemezwa niba icyo giti kivugwa ari urumogi koko kuko abatangabuhamya Tuyishime Olivier na Munyaneza Fidèle babyemeza hatagaragazwa umwuga wabo mu buzima busanzwe, bashingiraho bemeza ko icyo giti ari urumogi cyangwa ngo babe ari experts (inzobere) bazwi mu kumenya niba icyatsi runaka ari urumogi, kandi icyo cyatsi kikaba nta laboratwari yabugenewe yigeze igipima ngo yemeze ko ari

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urumogi koko, kubw’ibyo uru Rukiko rukaba rutakwemeza ko igiti cyaranduwe aho uregwa yaracumbitse ari urumogi koko. [25] 25. N‘iyo kandi byari kuba byagaragajwe ko icyo giti cyari muri urwo rugo ari urumogi koko, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga Ubushinjacyaha butarashoboye kugaragaza ingano y’icyo giti cyaranduwe ugereranije n’igihe gito cyane cy’ibyumweru bibiri gusa Majyamnbere Jean avuga ko yari amaze aje gucumbika muri urwo rugo, kubw’ibyo kuba rero Ubushinjacyaha butarashoboye kugaragaza ingano y’icyo giti no kuvuguruza imvugo ya Majyambere Jean y’uko yari amaze ibyumweru bibiri gusa acumbitse muri urwo rugo, hakaba ntacyo uru Rukiko rwashingiraho rwemeza ko ari Majyambere Jean wagiteye ngo mu gihe gito gutyo kibe cyakuze ku buryo kigaragarira abantu ko ari igiti cy’urumogi. [26] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rero hari ugushidikanya ku kumenya niba koko igiti kivugwa ko cyaranduwe imbere y’inzu Majyambere Jean yari acumbitsemo yayikodesheje ari urumogi no ku kumenya niba ariwe wagihinze nk’uko Ubushinjacyaha bubivuga kubera ko abatangabuhamya babyemeza nta kigaragaza ko bafite ubumenyi bwihariye bwo kurutandukanya n’ibindi biti cyangwa se n’ibindi byatsi, ndetse hakaba hari no gushidikanya ku kumenya niba ari Majyambere Jean wagihinze kuko inzu ivugwa bagisanze imbere yayo atari iye, ariko kandi akaba yari ahamaze igihe gito cy’ibyumweru bibiri gusa ahakodesheje, ku buryo icyo giti cyaba gikuze ngo kigaragarire buri wese ko ari igiti cy’urumogi. [27] Urukiko rushingiye ku ngingo ya ya 111 y’Itegeko nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryavuzwe haruguru, no ku bimaze gusobanurwa, rurasanga Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwarahamije Majyambere Jean icyaha rushingiye ku bimenyetso bishidikanywaho, bityo ubujurire bwe bukaba bufite ishingiro, urubanza yajuririye rukaba ruhindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [28] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Majyambere Jean bufite ishingiro; [29] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA 00447/2019/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza ku wa 27/02/2020 ruhindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose; [30] Rwemeje ko Majyambere Jean adahamwa n’icyaha cyo guhinga ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw‘urumogi yahamijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza muri urwo rubanza; [31] Rutegetse ko Majyambere Jean ahita afungurwa uru rubanza rukimara gusomwa.