UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MANIRAFASHA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MANIRAFASHA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-05-30 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00194/2022/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MANIRAFASHA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00194/2022/CA (Kaliwabo, P.J.) 30 Gicurasi 2023] Amategeko agenga ibimenyetso mu manza nshinjabyaha – Igihano – Mu rwego rwo guhuza igihano n’uburemere bw’icyaha (Principe de la proportionnalité de la peine à l’infraction), nta cyabuza ko ku rwego rw’ubujurire uwajuriye agabanyirizwa igihano mu gihe cyose asanga icyo yahawe ku rwego rwa mbere kiremereye ugereranyije n’imikorere y’icyaha, kabone n’iyo ku rwego rubanza yaba yaragabanyirijwe. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare, Ubushinjacyaha bukurikiranye uregwa ku cyaha cyo guhinga no kunywa ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, buvuga ko yafashwe afite umurima uhinzemo ingemwe 7 z’urumogi. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza nuko rwemeza ko uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha cyo guhinga ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25ans) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000frw). Uregwa yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamgana avuga ko yahawe igihano kiremereye nyamara yaraburanye yemera icyaha kandi ko urumogi yafatanywe rwari urwo kuvura abantu, ndetse ko n’umugore we ari rwo rwamuvuye, ko nta muntu n’umwe wemeza ko yigeze avana urumogi iwe bityo ko nta ngaruka zikomeye zatejwe n’icyaha yakoze. Urwo Rukiko narwo rwaciye urubanza nuko rwemeza ko urubanza rwajuririwe ruhamanye agaciro karwo. Uregwa yarongeye arajurira mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko agamije kwemera icyaha yakoze cyo guhinga urumogi ariko ko yaruhinze arushakamo umuti, asaba imbabazi no kugabanyirizwa igihano agahabwa igihano gitoya kingana n’icyo amaze muri Gereza kuko yagororotse bihagije, avuga kandi ko hakurikijwee umubare muto w’ibiti by’urumogi yafatanwe, inyito y’icyaha yahinduka agahanirwa gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge aho kuba kubihinga. Ubushinjacyaha bwo bwaburanye buvuga ko uwajuriye yemera icyaha bivuze ko ntacyo anenga urubanza yaciriwe, ko igabanya gihano asaba yarihawe n'inkiko zibanza kuko yahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka 25 mu mwanya w’igifungo cya burundu giteganyirizwa icyaha cyo guhinga urumogi, busaba ko imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe yagumana agaciro kayo. Incamake y’icyemezo: Mu rwego rwo guhuza igihano n’uburemere bw’icyaha (Principe de la proportionnalité de la peine à l’infraction), nta cyabuza ko ku rwego rw’ubujurire uwajuriye agabanyirizwa igihano mu gihe cyose asanga icyo yahawe ku rwego rwa mbere kiremereye ugereranyije n’imikorere y’icyaha, kabone n’iyo ku rwego rubanza yaba yaragabanyirijwe. Urubanza ruhindutse ku birebana n’igihano. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 49 n’iya 263.

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Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA 00132/2021 Ubushinjacyaha vs. Uyisenga rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 15/07/2022. RPAA 00044/2022/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs. Uwimana rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. RPAA 00406/2020/CA Ubushinjacyaha vs. Nahayo rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/10/2021. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Urubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare, Ubushinjacyaha bukurikiranyeho Manirafasha Emmanuel icyaha cyo guhinga no kunywa ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, buvuga ko kuwa 03/04/2019 yafashwe afite umurima uhinzemo ingemwe 7 z’urumogi. Manirafasha abazwa mu nzego zishinzwe iperereza no mu iburanisha imbere y’Urukiko Rwisumbuye, yemeye icyaha cyo gufatanwa ingemwe 7 z’urumogi rwari mu murima w’ibishyimbo. [2] Mu rubanza RP 00444/2019/TGI/NYG rwaciwe ku wa 03/05/2019, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare rwemeje ko Manirafasha ahamwa n’icyaha cyo guhinga ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25ans) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000frw). [3] Mu kumuhamya icyaha Urukiko rwashingiye ku mvugo ya Manirafasha weme icyaha, ku buhamya bw’umugore we wamushinje ko iyo yanyoye urumogi abateza umutekano mucye, kuri raporo y’Ubuyobozi bw’inzego z’ibanze no ku nyandikomvugo y’ifatira yashyizeho umukono yemeza ko ari urwe. [4] Manirafasha Emmanuel yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamgana avuga ko yahawe igihano kiremereye nyamara yaraburanye yemera icyaha kandi ko urumogi yafatanwe rwari urwo kuvura abantu, ndetse ko n’umugore we ari rwo rwamuvuye, ko nta muntu n’umwe wemeza ko yigeze avana urumogi iwe bityo ko nta ngaruka zikomeye zatejwe n’icyaha yakoze, ko kuba umugore we yaragiye kumurega kwa “Gitifu” ari amoshya yabimuteye kuko azi ko nta rumogi yigeze anywa cyangwa acuruza, asaba urukiko kumugabanyiriza igihano kubera ko ari ubwa mbere aguye mu cyaha. [5] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko ubujurire bwa Manirafasha nta shingiro bwahabwa kubera ko yahinze urumogi azi neza ko ari ibiyobyabwenge byangiriza umuryango nyarwanda, n‘umugore we bwite akaba amushinja ko iyo yarunyoye abateza umutekano mucye kimwen’Ubuyobozi bw’inzego z’ibanze bwamutanzeho raporo, kandi ko iyakoze icyaha azi neza ko kunywa ibiyobyabwenge no kubihinga ari igikorwa kibujijwe kandi gihanwa n’amategeko. [6] Mu rubanza RPA 00388/2019/HC/RWG rwaciwe kuwa 04/02/2022, Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Manirafasha Emmanuel nta shingiro bufite, rwemeza ko urubanza RP

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00444/2019/TGI/NYG rwaciwe ku wa 03/05/2019 n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare ruhamanye agaciro karwo. [7] Manirafasha Emmanuel yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko agamije kwemera icyaha yakoze cyo guhinga urumogi ariko ko yaruhinze arushakamo umuti, asaba imbabazi no kugabanyirizwa igihano agahabwa igihano gitoya kingana n’icyo amaze muri Gereza kuko yagororotse bihagije. Ubwunganizi bwe bwasabye ko, hakurikije umubare muto w’ibiti by’urumogi Manirafasha yafatanwe, inyito y’icyaha yahinduka agahanirwa gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge aho kuba kubihinga. [8] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko Manirafasha Emmanuel ujurira yemera icyaha bivuze ko ntacyo anenga urubanza yaciriwe, ko igabanya gihano asaba yarihawe n'inkiko zibanza kuko yahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka 25 mu mwanya w’igifungo cya burundu giteganyirizwa icyaha cyo guhinga urumogi, busaba ko imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe yagumana agaciro kayo. [9] Iburanisha ryabaye ku wa 4/05/2023, Manirafasha Emmanuel yunganiwe na Me RUGANZA Bin SEBA naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Ninahazwa Roselyne, Umushinjacyaha ku Rwego rw’Igihugu. Urukiko rurasuzuma inyito ikwiranye n’imikorere y’icyaha n’ishingiro ry’igabanyagihano risabwa na Manirafasha Emmanuel. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA A. Kumenya inyito yahabwa icyaha Manirafasha Emmanuel akurikiranyweho [10] Me Ruganza Bin Seba wunganira Manirafasha Emmanuel avuga uwo yunganira yemera icyaha cyo kuba yarahinze ingemwe 7 z’ibiti by’urumogi agamije kubonamo umuti w’amatungo n’abantu, ko hakurikijwe umubare mutoya w’ibiti 7 yafatanwe, Manirafasha yagombye guhanirwa gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge aho kuba kubihinga, nk’uko byagenze mu rubanza RPAA 00132/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuwa 15/07/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Uyisenga Théogène wafatanwe ibiti 2. [11] Manirafasha Emmanuel yunganiwe na Me Ruganza Bin SEBA avuga ko akwiriye guhanishwa igihano cy’umwaka umwe, ko ibirebana no guhindura inyito y’icyaha kuri uru rwego, Urukiko rwazashingira ku rubanza RPAA 0001/14/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kuwa 23/02/2018 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mukaruyange Athanasie aho mu gika 18 Urukiko rwavuze ko mu gihe urukiko rusanze ibikorwa rwaregewe bigize ikindi cyaha gitandukanye n’icyo rwaregewe, rufite ububasha bwo guhindura inyito y’icyaha rwaba rubisabwe cyangwa se rubyibwirije. Asaba kandi ko rwazashingira no ku rubanza RPAA 00428/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuwa 17/02/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Irakiza Eric mu gika cya 19-21, Ndetse no ku rubanza RPAA 00031/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuwa 28/10/2021 mu gika cyarwo cya 43. [12] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire za Manirafasha Emmanuel zigamije guhindurirwa inyito y’icyaha nta shingiro zifite kuko yiyemerera ko yahinze ibiti birindwi (7) by’urumogi kandi ko byafatiwe mu murima we. Bukomeza buvuga ko nta kimenyetso Manirafasha yerekena gihamya ko ibiyobyabwenge yafatanwe byari umuti nk’uko

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abiburanisha, ko yabihinze azi neza ko bibujijwe n’amategeko ndetse n’umugore we akaba amushinja ko iyo yarunyoye abateza umutekano muke, ko ibiti 7 yafatanwe ari byinshi ku buryo atari kubikoresha ku giti cye ahubwa akaba yari agambiriye kubikwirakwiza, bityo ko inyito y’icyaha akurikiranweho idakwiye guhinduka kuko nta kosa urukiko rubanza rwakoze rumuhamya guhinga urumogi. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [13] Ingingo ya 263 y’ Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange mu gika cyayo cya 3, iteganya ko umuntu wese ukora, uhinga, uhindura, utunda, ubika, uha undi, ugurisha mu gihugu ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo mu buryo bunyuranije n’amategeko, aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’Urukiko ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda arenze miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 FRW) ariko atarenze miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 FRW) ku byerekeye ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye. [14] Ubujurire bwa Manirafasha bugamije gusaba ko yahanirwa icyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi hashingiwe ku mubare muto w’ibiti 7 by’urumugi yahinze agamije kubikoresha nk’umuti mu mwanya w’icyaha cyo kubihinga agamije kubicuruza. [15] Urukiko rurasanga, mu guhamya Manirafasha icyaha cyo guhinga ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, inkiko zibanza zarashingiye ku mvugo ye, aho yiyemereye ko ariwe wahinze ingemwe 10 z’ urumogi hakameramo 7, ku buhamya bw’ umugore we wamushinje ko iyo yanyoye urumogi abateza umutekano mucye, kuri raporo y’Ubuyobozi bw’inzego z’ibanze no ku nyandikomvugo y’ifatira yashyizeho umukono yemeza ko ari urwe. [16] Urukiko rurasanga, urubanza RPAA 00132/2021 rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuwa 15/07/2022 haburana Uyisenga Théogène, Ubwunganizi bwa Manirafasha bushingiraho busaba ko inyito y’icyaha ihinduka, uru rubanza rwarasobanuye ijambo “guhinga” riboneka mu gace ka 3 k’ingingo ya 263 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryavuzwe, rurisobanura rukurikije ingano y’ibiti byahinzwe, rukaba rwarasobanuye ko byumvikana ko uwahinze ibiyobyabwenge byinshi aba agamije kubikwirakwiza mu gihe uwahinze ibiti bikeya nta n’ikindi kimenyetso cyerekana ko yari agamije kurukwirakwiza, uyu afatwa nk’uwaruhingiye kurukoresha ku giti cye. [17] Urukiko rurasanga, nubwo nta mubare ntarengwa rwashyizeho utandukanya wahinze hagamijwe kwikoreshereza ibiyobyabwenge ku giti cye n’uwabihinze agamije kubikwirakwiza, nyamara kandi umubare w’ibiti 2 uboneka mu rubanza RPAA 00132/2021/CA utandukanye n’ibiti 10 Manirafasha Emmanuel yateye mu murima we, mu bushishozi bwarwo uyu mubare ukaba utubutse ku buryo uwabihinze adakwiye gufatwa nk’umuntu wabihinze agamije kubikoresha ku giti cye ahubwo ubwinshi bwabyo bukaba busobanura ko yabihinze agamije kubikwirakwiza. [18] Urukiko rurasanga, imvugo ya Manirashaka ko yahinze ibiyobyabwenge agamije kubitangamo umuti w’amatungo n’abantu nta shingiro bifite kuko nta nyandiko ya muganga wemewe n’amategeko yemeza ko Manirafasha avurisha urumogi. Ibi niko byasobanuwe mu rubanza RPAA 00044/2022/CA rwaciwe kuwa 06/04/2023 aho Uwimana Bernardin yaburanye avuga ko urumogi yafatanwe ari urwo kuvura inka.1

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[19] Rurasanga nta kosa Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze mu guhamya Manirafasha Emmanuel icyaha cyo guhinga ibiyobyabwenge, kuri iyi ngingo ubujurire bwe bukaba nta shingiro bufite. B. Kumenya niba Manirafasha yagabanyirizwa igihano [20] Manirafasha Emmanuel, mu mwanzuro we wo kuwa 21/2/2022 yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko yahanishijwe igihano kiremereye kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha, ko urumogi yahinze yari agamije kuruvurisha amatungo n’abanyamuryango be, ko nta ngaruka rwateje kuko bamufashe rukiri ingemwe rutarasarurwa ngo rugere muri rubanda, asaba guhanishwa igifungo cy’umwaka1. [21] Manirafasha Emmanuel n’ubwunganizi bwe bavuga ko yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kubera ko yemera icyaha kandi bikaba ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha, asaba Urukiko gushingira ku ngingo ya 49 y’itegeko n°68/2018 ryo kuwa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange maze agahanishwa igifungo kitarenze imyaka ingana n’iyo amaze muri Gereza cy’imyaka. [22] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko igabanyagihano Manirafasha asaba atarikwiye kuko yarihawe n’Inkiko zibanza zamuhanishije igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabili n’itanu ( 25) mu mwanya w’igifungo cya burundu, bityo ko nta nenge cyangwa ikosa ryakozwe mu kugena igihano yahawe ndetse akaba atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kubera uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze. Buvuga ko yahinze urumogi rwinshi (ibiti 7) agamije kurugurisha no kurukwirakwiza, ingaruka zabyo zikaba ari nyinshi mu bantu. Buvuga ko, mu gihe Urukiko rwabibona ukundi, rwamugabanyiriza rwitaye ku gikorwa yakoze cyo guhinga urumogi aziko ari icyaha, iyo ikaba yaba impamvu nkomezacyaha. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [23] Ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko: “Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw'icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo”. [24] Ku birebana n’ingingo yo kwemera icyaha Manirafasha aburanisha, Urukiko rurasanga imiburanire ye igamije kwerekana ko urumogi yahinze ari urwo kuvura amatungo n’umuryango we, ibi bikaba bisobanuye ko nta cyaha yemera kuko nta tegeko rihana uwavuye amatungo ye n’abagize umuryango we. Rurasanga iyi mvugo igamije guhunga icyaha kuko, uretse no kuba Manirafasha atagaragaza umuganga wemewe w’amatungo wamwandikye urumogi nk’umuti w’amatungo, ndetse ngo atange n’ikimenyetso gihamya ko yaruvurishije umugore we igihe yari amaze kubyara n’umuganga wari warumwandikiyemo umuti, rurasanga, imvugo ye igamije gutubya ububi bw’icyaha akurikiranweho, idashobora kubangikiranywa no kwitwa impamvu nyoroshyacyaha yashingirwaho n’ushinjwa asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano. 1 Mu gika cya cy’urubanza RPAA 00044/2022/CA, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwasubije iyi ngingo mu magambo akurikira: “Urukiko rurasanga imvugo ya Uwimana ko urumogi yafatanwe (11kg) rwari urwo kuvurisha inka ze nta shingiro yahabwa kubera ko nta gikorwa yafatiwemo avurisha inka ze urumogi ndetse nta n’umuganga w’amatungo wemewe wamwandikiye ko urumogi ari umuti w’amatungo, igikorwa yafatiwemo kikaba kigize icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge hagamijwe kubikwirakwiza’’.

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[25] Urukiko rurasanga, nubwo nta mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ishingiye ku miburanire ya Manirafasha, ariko kandi biri mu bubasha bw’umucamanza ugena igihano, gusuzuma impamvu ziteganywa mu ngingo ya 492 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo kuwa 30/08/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru hanyuma akagena igihano yumva ko aricyo gikwiranye n’urubanza yaregewe, kabone n’iyo igihano atanze cyaba kiri munsi y’igihano gito itegeko riteganyiriza icyaha kigize urubanza. [26] Urukiko rurasanga urubanza nº RPAA 00406/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/10/2021, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nahayo Ignace rwaratanze umurongo ko ntakibuza umucamanza wo ku rwego rw’ubujurire kugabanyiriza igihano uwajuriye, mu gihe cyose asanga icyo yahawe ku rwego rwa mbere kiremereye ugereranyije n’imikorere y’icyaha, kabone n’iyo ku rwego rubanza yaba yaragabanyirijwe; ibi bikaba ari mu rwego rwo guhuza igihano n’uburemere bw’icyaha (Principe de la proportionnalité de la peine à l’infraction)”, ibi kandi bikaba bihuza n’ibivugwa mu ngingo ya 49 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru. [27] Urukiko rw’ubujurire rurasanga, igihano cyo gufungwa imyaka 25 Manirafasha yahanishijwe gikabije kuba kinini ugereranyije n’ingano y’ibiyobyabwenge uyu yafatanywe (ibiti 7) ndetse no kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe n’inkiko. [28] Urukiko, rushingiye ku bisobanuro byavuzwe haruguru, rurasanga Manirafasha Emmanuel agomba guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka icumi n’ihazabu y’amafaranga 5.000.000 mu mwanya w’igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu y’amafaranga 20.000.000 yahanishijwe mu Rukiko Rukuru. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [29] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA 00388/2019/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 04/02/2022, ihindutse ku birebana n’ibihano. [30] Rwemeje ko Manirafasha Emmanuel ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10 ans) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga 5.000.000 ku cyaha cyo guhinga ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi. [31] Rutegetse ko Manirafasha Emmanuel asonerwa gutanga amagarama y'urubanza kubera ko aburana afunze. 2 Iyi ngingo iteganya ko Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw'icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo.