UBUSHINJACYAHA vs NSANZIMANA N’UNDI

# UBUSHINJACYAHA vs NSANZIMANA N’UNDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-12-19 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00686/2021/CA-CMB RPAA 00771/2021/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA vs NSANZIMANA N’UNDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00686/2021/CA-CMB RPAA 00771/2021/CA (Tugireyezu P.J.) 19 Ukuboza 2024] Amategeko yerekeye imanza nshinjabyaha – Kugabanya igihano – Mu gihe abaregwa bagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije ku rwego rwa mbere ntibakwiye kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano ku rwego rw’ubujurire. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe bukurikiranyeho Manirafasha na Nsanzimana icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, nyuma yuko abaregwa bahagaratswe ku bufatanye bw’ingabo na police basanga bafite urumogi ibiro icyenda (9 kg). urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rusanga hari ibimenyetso byemeza ko abaregwa bakoze icyaha, rubahanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni (1.000.000 Frws) buri wese. Abaregwa ntibishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, bajuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza. Manirafasha avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha atakoze hashingiwe ku mvugo ya Nsanzimana utarabashije kuvuga amazina ye cyangwa ikindi cyaba kimuranga, anavuga ko kuba yaramwerekanye muri kasho yabifashijwe n’abapolisi bari bamweretse ikimuranga. Naho Nsanzimana avuga ko yajuriye kugira ngo asabe urukiko kumurenganura kuko nyiri urumogi yabonetse, akaba yaramutwaye atazi ko ari urumogi afite, ko yamutwaye ari umugenzi nk’abandi, bityo ko nyiri urumogi ari we ugomba kuruhanirwa. Urwo Rukiko narwo rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. Abaregwa bombi barongeye barajurira noneho mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwabahamije icyaha batakoze. Ariko bageze mu iburanisha ry’urubanza bavuga ko iyo miburanire bayiretse ahubwo ko bemera icyaha bahamijwe bakanagisabira imbabazi, bagasaba ko uko kwemera icyaha kwabo kwashingirwaho maze urukiko rukabagabanyiriza igihano. Ubushinjacyaha bwo buburana buvuga ko ukwemera icyaha kwa Manirafasha na Nsanzimana kutababera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha kuko kwakozwe impitagihe. Asobanura ko ukwemera icyaha kwabo kwari kubagirira akamaro iyo babikora ku ikubitiro baburana mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye Incamake y’icyemezo: Mu gihe abaregwa bagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije ku rwego rwa mbere ntibakwiye kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano ku rwego rw’ubujurire. Amategeko yakoreshejwe: Imanza zifashishijwe: Ubushinjacyaha vs. Havugimana Innocent, RPAA 0085/09/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 17/06/2011. Ubushinjacyaha vs. Nsabimana Alias Sankara n’abandi, RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04 Mata 2022.

Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA

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[1] Ku wa 08/02/2019 saa tatu n’igice z’ijoro (21h 30min) ubwo Manirafasha Emmanuel na Nsanzimana Cassien bari bavuye mu Karere ka Karongi batwaye ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, bageze mu Murenge wa Gatare, ku bufatanye bw’ingabo na police babahagaritse basanga bafite urumogi ibiro icyenda (9 kg) Manirafasha Emmanuel ahita yiruka aratoroka hafatwa mugenzi we ari nawe watanze amakuru ko ariwe yari atwaye atangira gushakishwa aza gufatwa nyuma nawe, bombi batangira gukurikiranwa. [2] Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe bukurikiranyeho Manirafasha Emmanuel na Nsanzimana Cassien icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba ko bahamwa n’icyo cyaha, bagahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya miliyoni 20.000.000 Frw. [3] Manirafasha Emmanuel na Nsanzimana Cassien baburanye bahakana icyaha. Nsanzimana Cassien avuga ko yari atwaye umugenzi ariko atazi ko afite ibiyobyabwenge mu mufuka we. Naho Manirafasha Emmanuel yiregura avuga ko kuba Nsanzimana Cassien avuga ko uyu Manirafasha Emmanuel ariwe wakoze icyaha ari uko mu ibazwa rye yiyemereye ko yari azi icyo atwaye ko rwari urumogi. [4] Mu rubanza No RP 00068/2019/TGI/NYBE rwaciwe ku wa 28/11/2019, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe rwasanze hari ibimenyetso byemeza ko abaregwa bakoze icyaha birimo: - Kuba mu mabazwa yabo n’imiburanire yabo bombi bashinjanya; - Kuba Nsanzimana Cassien ubwo yabazwaga mu Bugenzacyaha yaremeye icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’Urumogi ; - Inyandiko mvugo y’ifatirwa ry’urumogi Nsanzimana Cassien yashyizeho umukono yemera ko yari arutwaye; - Kuba mu mabazwa ye guhera mu Bugenzacyaha, Nsanzimana Cassien yarakomeje kwemera ko yari atwaye Manirafasha Emmanuel afite umufuka urimo urumogi. Urukiko rushingiye kuri ibyo bimenyetso, rwemeje ko Manirafasha Emmanuel na Nsanzimana Cassien bahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza urumogi, rubahanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni (1.000.000 Frws) buri wese. [5] Manirafasha Emmanuel na Nsanzimana Cassien ntibishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, bajuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza. Manirafasha n’umwunganizi we bavuga ko yahamijwe icyaha atakoze hashingiwe ku mvugo ya Nsanzimana Cassien utarabashije kuvuga amazina ye cyangwa ikindi cyaba kimuranga, banavuga ko kuba yaramwerekanye muri kasho yabifashijwe n’abapolisi bari bamweretse ikimuranga. Naho Nsanzimana Cassien avuga ko yajuriye kugira ngo asabe urukiko kumurenganura kuko nyiri urumogi yabonetse, akaba yaramutwaye atazi ko ari urumogi afite, ko yamutwaye ari umugenzi nk’abandi, bityo ko nyiri urumogi ari we ugomba kuruhanirwa. [6] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yaburanye avuga ko bose bagomba guhamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi kuko Nsanzimana Cassien ubwe abazwa mu Bugenzacyaha yemeye ko yatwaye urwo rumogi abizi neza ko ari rwo, naho Manirafasha Emmanuel akaba ashinjwa na Nsanzimana Cassien wari umutwaye, kuba Nsanzimana yaribeshye ku mazina nawe akavuga ko ntaho baziranye bikaba bitatuma icyaha kitamuhama kuko ibimenyetso bufite bigaragaza ko Nsanzimana yari amuzi neza kuko yabashije no kumwerekana mu bandi bari bafunganwe nyuma y’uko afatwa, kandi akaba yari n’umumotari mugenzi we. [7] Mu rubanza No RPA 01188/2019/HC/NYZ, rwaciwe ku wa 12/10/2021, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwasanze nta bimenyetso Nsanzimana Cassien abasha gutanga bivuguruza imvugo

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ze zo mu Bugenzacyaha, bityo ko icyaha cyo gutunda urumogi gikomeza kumuhama nk’uko Urukiko rwakimuhamije ku rwego rwa mbere, rwasanze kandi ubuhamya bwa Nsanzimana Cassien bugomba gushinirwaho mu guhamya Manirafasha Emmanuel icyaha cyo gutunda urumogi nk’uko n’Urukiko rwa mbere rwakimuhamije, maze rwemeza ko imikirize y’urubanza no RP 00068/2019/TGI/NYBE rwajuririwe igumye uko iri, igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni (1.000.000 Frw) Manirafasha Emmanuel na Nsanzimana Cassien bahanishijwe bidahindutse. [8] Manirafasha Emmanuel na Nsanzimana Cassien ntibishimiye imikirize y’urubanza bajuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa nº RPAA 00686/2021/CA-CMB RPAA 00771/2021/CA, iburanishwa rishyirwa ku wa 05/12/2024, Nsanzimana Cassien yunganiwe na Me Ruturwa Rumande Isron, Manirafasha Emmanuel yunganiwe na Me Mukakalisa Jeanne d’Arc naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Ntawangundi Beatrice Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [9] Mu mwanzuro w’ubujurire bari bakoze, Manirafasha Emmanuel, Nsanzimana Cassien n’ababunganira bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwabahamije icyaha batakoze. Ariko bageze mu iburanisha ry’urubanza bavuga ko iyo miburanire bayiretse ahubwo ko bemera icyaha bahamijwe bakanagisabira imbabazi, bagasaba ko uko kwemera icyaha kwabo kwashingirwaho maze urukiko rukabagabanyiriza igihano. [10] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ukwemera icyaha kwa Manirafasha Emmanuel na Nsanzimana Cassien kutababera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha kuko kwakozwe impitagihe. [11] Urukiko ruhereye kuri izo mpaka, rurasanga ikibazo gikwiye gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ari icyo kumenya niba igihano Manirafasha Emmanuel na Nsanzimana Cassien bahanishijwe mbere cyakongera kugabanywa hashingiwe ku kuba bemera. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA  Kumenya niba igihano Manirafasha Emmanuel na Nsanzimana Cassien bahanishijwe mbere cyakongera kugabanywa. [12] Mu miburanire yabo, Nsanzimana Cassien n’umwunganira bavuga ko yiyemeje kuvugisha ukuri, ko yemera icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi. Basobanura ko mu nkiko zibanza yaburanye ahakana icyaha avuga ko yatwaye Manirafasha Emmanuel atazi icyo afite ariko noneho yemera ko yamutwaye azi ko atwaye urumogi, ko avuye kururangura yamubwiye ko ari umuti ashyiriye amatungo. Mu gusoza basaba ko uko kwemera icyaha kwe n’ubwo kuje impitagihe kwashingirwaho nk’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha maze urukiko rukamugabanyiriza igihano kuko bwari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha bizwi kandi akaba yari asanganwe imyitwarire myiza mbere yo gukora icyaha ndetse no ku zindi mpamvu ziteganywa n’ingingo ya 49. [13] Naho Manirafasha Emmanuel n’umwunganira, mu miburanire yabo, bavuga ko ageze muri gereza abandi bafunganye na avoka wamburaniraga mbere bamugiriye inama yo guhakana icyaha, ariko ko nyuma y’igihe amaze afunzwe yumvise yabohora umutima we akavugisha ukuri, akemera icyaha kuko yagikoze. Mu gusoza basaba urukiko guca inkoni izamba rukamugabanyiriza igihano rushingiye kuri uko kubohoka kwe no kuvugisha ukuri ariko ko kuramutse kudahawe ishingiro bitabuza urukiko kumugabanyiriza igihano n’ubwo impamvu ye itaba yahawe ishingiro. [14] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ukwemera icyaha kwa Manirafasha Emmanuel na Nsanzimana Cassien kutababera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha kuko kwakozwe impitagihe. Asobanura ko ukwemera icyaha kwabo kwari kubagirira akamaro iyo babikora ku ikubitiro baburana mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye.

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UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [15] Hakurikijwe ibivugwa n’ababuranyi, Urukiko rurasanga impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba igihano Manirafasha Emmanuel na Nsanzimana Cassien bahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa hashingiwe ku kuba baremeye icyaha. [16] Ikibazo kirebana n’ukwemera icyaha gufatwa nk’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha ishobora kugirira uregwa akamaro cyasobanuwe mu rubanza n° RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte Alias Sankara na bagenzi be. Muri urwo rubanza, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwasobanuye ko ukwemera icyaha kugira agaciro gashobora gutuma uregwa agabanyirizwa igihano iyo nibura kujuje ibi bikurikira: kuba kudashidikanywaho, ni ukuvuga kutarimo kugoreka amakuru arebana n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwe, kuva gitegurwa kugeza gishyirwa mu bikorwa; hagaragazwa abakigizemo uruhare n’uruhare rwa nyiri ukwemera, ndetse n’inzira zose zakoreshejwe n’uburyo bwakoreshejwe kugira ngo kigerweho, kuba uwemera agaragaza ko yumva uburemere bw’ibikorwa yemera n’ingaruka zabyo, kuba abyicuza, ni ukuvuga agaragaza ko ababajwe n’ibyabaye kandi akaba yumva bitari bikwiye kuba, ndetse ko atazabisubira, kuba abisabira imbabazi no kuba yiteguye gusubiza ibyo yangije uko abitegerejweho. Ibyo bigakorwa bitarenze, byibuza mu iburanisha ku rwego rwa mbere1. [17] Naho ikibazo cyo kumenya niba uregwa atakongera kugabanyirizwa kuko yagabanyirijwe bihagije cyafashweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga2, mu rubanza no RPAA 0085/09/CS rwaciwe ku wa 17/06/2011, haburana Ubushunjacyaha na Havugimana Innocent, igika cya 6, ndetse n’uru Rukiko3 aho izo nkiko zasobanuye ko abaregwa badakwiye kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku kuba baragabanyirijwe igihano bihagije ku rwego rwa mbere. [18] Dosiye igaragaza ko Manirafasha Emmanuel na Nsanzimana Cassien bafatanwe ibiro icyenda (9kgs) by’urumogi, guhera mu Bugenzacyaha kugeza mu Rukiko Rukuru no mu myanzuro ijurira muri uru rukiko Manirafasha Emmanuel yaburanye ahakana icyaha akavuga ko ntaho ahuriye n’urwo rumogi Nsanzimana Cassien yafatanwe. Naho Nsanzimana Cassien mu Bugenzacyaha yemeyeko yatwaye Manirafasha Emmanuel azi ko afite urumogi ariko ageze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye, mu Rukuru no mu myanzuro ajurira muri uru Rukiko, yaburanaga avuga ko atemera icyaha kuko yamutwaye atazi ibyo afite. [19] Nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 28 n’icya 29 by’urubanza No RPA 01188/2019/HC/NYZ rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze kuba MANIRAFASHA Emmanuel na Nsanzimana Cassien bahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge bwo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, buri wese yakagombye guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda arenze miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw) ariko atarenze miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 Frw), byagabanywa ntibijye munsi y’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu iri munsi ya 20.000.001 Frw, rwasanze kandi ku rwego rwa mbere urukiko rwahanishije buri wese igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni imwe y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda (1.000.000 Frw) kiri munsi y’icyo itegeko riteganya ariko rusanga kigomba kugumaho kuko Ubushinjacyaha butajuririye icyo gihano. [20] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga harebwe ibisobanuro byatanzwe mu rubanza N° RPA 00060/2021/CA rwavuze haruguru ku birebana n’ukwemera icyaha kugirira uregwa akamaro aho rwagaragaje ko kugira akamaro iyo gukozwe nibura mu iburanisha ku rwego rwa mbere, rusanga ukwemera icyaha kwa Manirafasha Emmanuel na Nsanzimana Cassien kutashingirwaho nk’impamvu

1 Reba urubanza N° RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NSABIMANA Callixte Alias Sankara na bagenzi be, urupapuro rwa 61, igika cya 136. 2 Reba urubanza no RPAA 0085/09/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 17/06/2011, haburana Ubushunjacyaha na Havugimana Innocent, igika cya 6. 3 Reba urubanza N° RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NSABIMANA Callixte Alias Sankara na bagenzi be, urupapuro rwa 91, igika cya 264.

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nyoroshyacyaha yashingirwaho bagabanyirizwa igihano, kuko nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru mu iburana ryabo mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye baburanye bahakana icyaha bakurikiranweho. [21] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru rwabibonye kuba Manirafasha Emmanuel na Nsanzimana Cassien bahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge bwo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, buri wese yakagombye guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda arenze miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw), rusanga ariko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwarabagabanyirije rubavana kuri icyo gihano rubahanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni imwe y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda (1.000.000 Frw). Uru rukiko rurasanga ruhuje icyo gihano n’uburemere bw’icyaha bahamijwe cyo gutunda urumogi aho bafatanwe ibiyobyabwenge byinshi, rusanga icyo gihano bahawe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye kidashobora kongera kugabanywa kuko gihuye n’uburemere bw’icyaha bahamijwe cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, aho bafatanwe ibiro bigera ku icyenda (9kgs). Rusanga rero nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru mu bujurire, abaregwa badashobora kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano mu gihe urukiko rwajuririwe rusanze baragabanyirijwe igihano mu buryo buhagije ku rwego rwa mbere. [22] Hashingiwe ku byasobanuwe haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ingingo y’ubujurire ya Manirafasha Emmanuel na Nsanzimana Cassien isaba ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 20 n’ihazabu ingana na 1.000.000 Frw bahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa nta shingiro ifite, bityo icyo gihano kikaba kigomba kugumaho kuko bagabanyirijwe ku buryo buhagije ku rwego rwa mbere. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [23] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Manirafasha Emmanuel na Nsanzimana Cassien nta shingiro; [24] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza n˚ No RPA 01188/2019/HC/NYZ, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, ku wa 12/10/2021 idahindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose; [25] Rwemeje ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni imwe (1.000.000 Frw) Manirafasha Emmanuel na Nsanzimana Cassien bahanishijwe mbere kigumyeho; [26] Ruvuze ko basonewe amagarama y'urubanza kuko baburana bafunze..