MANIRANZI v. UBUSHINJACYAHA

# MANIRANZI v. UBUSHINJACYAHA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-11-28 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00285/2025/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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MANIRANZI v. UBUSHINJACYAHA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00285/2025/CA (Kanyange, P.J.,) 28 Ugushyingo 2025] Amategeko agenga ibyaha n’ibihano – Icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka 4 y’amavuko – Gusaba kugabanyirizwa igihano – Iyo uregwa anenga gusa ko atagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo, ariko Umucamanza yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rubanza ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Incamake y’ikibazo: Maniranzi Vainqueur yahuye n’umwana w’umukobwa wari ufite imyaka ine (4) wahawe izina rya M.A mu manza zabanje, amujyana mu gitari aramusambanya, yumvise abantu ariruka bahita bamenyesha umubyeyi w’uwo mwana nawe amenyesha inzezo zibishinzwe, maze atangira gukurikiranwa. Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, bushingiye ku kuba yaremeye icyo cyaha mu nzego z’iperereza no ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya, bityo bumusabira igifungo cya burundu. Maniranzi Vainqueur yaburanye yemera icyaha, asobanura ko yasambanyije uwo mwana abitewe n’inzoga, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano. Urukiko rwaciye urubanza, rusanga hari ibimenyetso bihamya Maniranzi icyaha akurikiranweho kandi ko yari akwiye guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu, ariko ko kuba kuva agifatwa yaremeye icyaha agakomeza no kucyemera ageze mu Rukiko no kuba ari bwo yari acyuzuza imyaka 18 ndetse akaba aribwo bwa mbere ahamwe n’icyaha, yagabanyirizwa igihano agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 20. Maniranzi Vainqueur yajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Musanze, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano no gusubikirwa icyo yahabwa kuko atigeze arushya ubutabera kandi akaba ari ubwa mbere aguye mu cyaha. Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije ko nubwo Maniranzi yagabanyirijwe igihano ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 20 mu myanya w’igifungo cya burundu, icyo gihano cyakongera kikagabanywa hashingiwe ku Itegeko ryahinduye iryashingiweho mu rubanza rujuririrwa. Urukiko Rukuru /Urugereko rwa Musanze rwaciye urubanza, maze rusanga Maniranzi Vainqueur yakongera akagabanyirizwa igihano ko kandi mu rwego rwo gutanga ubutabera busa ku bibazo bisa, yahanishwa igihano cyatanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza RPAA 00586/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/02/2024, aho Baravuga Jean de Dieu yahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka 16, kuko bari mu kigero kimwe. Rwasanze ariko atasubikirwa igihano kuko icyo yahanishijwe kirengeje imyaka itanu.

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Manirakiza Vainqueur yongeye ajurira mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, we n’umwunganira bavuga ko ubujurire bwe bugamije gusaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko atagabanyirijwe bihagije. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko impamvu y’ubujurire bwa Maniranzi Vainqueur nta shingiro ifite kuko yagabanyirijwe igihano ku buryo buhagije, avuga kandi igihano yahawe gikwiranye n’icyaha yakoze. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga kandi ko uregwa atagaragaza niba Urukiko rwarakoresheje nabi Itegeko cyangwa ubushishozo bwarwo mu kumugenera igihano, kuko kongera kukigabanya bishoboka gusa mu gihe icyo yahawe kitajyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo, bityo ko hagumaho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe Incamake y’icyemezo: Iyo uregwa anenga gusa ko atagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo, ariko Umucamanza yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rubanza ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Ubujurire nta shingiro. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 49. Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RPA 00060/2021/CA rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be. rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 27/09/2022, Maniranzi Vainqueur yahuye n’umwana w’umukobwa wari ufite imyaka ine (4) wahawe izina rya M.A1 mu manza zabanje amujyana mu gitari aramusambanya, yumvise abantu ariruka bahita bamenyesha umubyeyi w’uwo mwana nawe amenyesha inzezo zibishinzwe, Maniranzi Vainqueur atangira gukurikiranwa. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, bushingiye ku kuba yaremeye icyo cyaha mu nzego z’iperereza no ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya, bumusabira igifungo cya burundu.

1 Yahawe iri zina kuko ari umwana

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[3] Maniranzi Vainqueur yaburanye yemera icyaha, asobanura ko yasambanyije uwo mwana abitewe n’inzoga, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano. [4] Urukiko rwaciye urubanza RP 00710/2022/TGI/RBV ku wa 21/10/2022, rusanga hari ibimenyetso bihamya Maniranzi icyaha akurikiranweho kandi ko yari akwiye guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu, ariko ko kuba kuva agifatwa yaremeye icyaha agakomeza no kucyemera ageze mu Rukiko no kuba ari bwo yari acyuzuza imyaka 18 ndetse akaba aribwo bwa mbere ahamwe n’icyaha, yagabanyirizwa igihano agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 20. [5] Maniranzi Vainqueur yajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Musanze, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano no gusubikirwa icyo yahabwa kuko atigeze arushya ubutabera kandi akaba ari ubwa mbere aguye mu cyaha. [6] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije ko nubwo Maniranzi yagabanyirijwe igihano ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 20 mu myanya w’igifungo cya burundu, icyo gihano cyakongera kikagabanywa hashingiwe ku Itegeko ryahinduye iryashingiweho mu rubanza rujuririrwa. [7] Urukiko rwaciye urubanza RPA 00799/2022/HC/MUS ku wa 28/02/2024, rusanga Maniranzi Vainqueur yakongera akagabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 (a) y’Itegeko Nº059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº068/2028 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ko kandi mu rwego rwo gutanga ubutabera busa ku bibazo bisa, yahanishwa igihano cyatanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza RPAA 00586/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/02/2024, aho Baravuga Jean de Dieu yahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka 16, kuko bari mu kigero kimwe. Rwasanze ariko atasubikirwa igihano kuko icyo yahanishijwe kirengeje imyaka itanu. [8] Manirakiza Vainqueur yongeye ajurira mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza rwandikwa kuri RPAA 00285/2025/CA, iburanisha ribera mu ruhame ku wa 19/11/2025 yunganiwe na Me Ndamukunda Bisetsa Paul, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Sibomana Stanislas, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [9] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire no mu miburanire, Maniranzi Vainqueur n’umwunganira bavuga ko ubujurire bwe bugamije gusaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko atagabanyirijwe bihagije. [10] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko impamvu y’ubujurire bwa Maniranzi Vainqueur nta shingiro ifite kuko yagabanyirijwe igihano ku buryo buhagije. [11] Ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ni ukumenya niba Maniranzi Vainqueur yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. I. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIRI MU RUBANZA

Kumenya niba Maniranzi Vainqueur yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano

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[12] Maniranzi Vainqueur n’umwunganira bavuga ko yajurijwe n’uko atagabanyirijwe igihano ku buryo buhagije kandi yaremeye icyaha kuva mu nzego z’iperereza akomeza no kwemera ageze mu nkiko kandi akaba yicuza icyaha yakoze, ko n’ubwo Urukiko rwamugabanyirije rushingiye ku rubanza RPAA 00586/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/02/2024 haburana Ubushinjacayaha na Baravuga Jean de Dieu wagabanyirijwe igihano agahanishwa imyaka 16, hanashingirwa ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza RPAA 00378/2021/CA haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Hakizimana, uvuga ko ntacyabuza Urukiko kongera kugabanya igihano, ko kandi n’ubwo hatashingirwa ku mirongo yo mu manza bavuze mu mwanzuro kuko itagikurikizwa, hashingirwa ku Itegeko rikurikizwa ubu agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15. [13] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Maniranzi Vainqueur atakongera kugabanyiriza ibihano kuko yahawe igihano kigabanyije mu buryo buhagije kandi gikwiranye n’icyaha yakoze nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza RPA 0129/10/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 7/03/2014, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mpitabakana2. [14] Avuga kandi ko batagaragaza niba Urukiko rwarakoresheje nabi Itegeko cyangwa ubushishozo bwarwo mu kumugenera igihano, kuko kongera kukigabanya bishoboka gusa mu gihe icyo yahawe kitajyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko Nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, kandi muri uru rubanza Maniranzi akaba yarasambanyije umwana muto cyane w’imyaka ine, ko rero hagumaho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [15] Impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba Maniranzi Vainqueur yakongera kugabanyirizwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru. [16] Ikibazo cy’uregwa wajuririye gusa kugabanyirizwa igihano, cyatanzweho umurongo n’uru Rukiko mu rubanza RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be. Muri urwo rubanza Urukiko rwasobanuye ko iyo uregwa anenga gusa ko atagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ariko ko Umucamanza yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rubanza ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. [17] Nk’uko dosiye ibigaragaza, ku rwego rwa mbere Maniranzi Vainqueur yahanishijwe igihano kigabanyije cy’imyaka 20 kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zirimo kuba yaremeye icyaha kuva agitangira gukurikiranwa, kuba yari akiri muto no kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe, mu Rukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Musanze yongera agabanyirizwa igihano ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 16, nk’icyahanishijwe uwitwa Baravuga bari mu kigero kimwe ubwo bakoraga icyaha.

2 Umurongo watanzwe uvuga ko uregwa atongera kugabanyirizwa igihano, iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yarabigabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo, kandi ntacyo runenga urubanza rwajuririwe

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[18] Urukiko rurasanga n’ubwo mu kugabanya igihano Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiye ku rubanza RPAA 00586/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/02/2024 haburana Ubushinjacayaha Baravuga Jean de Dieu, byumvikana ko iryo gabanya ryashingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 (a) y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023 rihindura itegeko n°068/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, kuko iyo ngingo ariyo yashingiweho muri urwo rubanza, iyo ngingo ikaba iteganya ko iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, kandi icyaha cyahamye Maniranzi cyo gusambanya umwana uri munsi y’imyaka 14 gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu. [19] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga Maniranzi Vainqueur n’umwunganira batagaragaza ko mu kumugabanyiriza igihano haba harabayeho gukoresha nabi ingingo y’Itegeko yavuzwe mu gika kibanziriza iki, kuko n’ubwo iteganya ko igihano gishobora kugabanywa kugeza ku myaka 15, idategeka ko iryo gabanya rigomba kugeza kuri icyo gihano gito, ahubwo Umucamanza akigabanya mu bushishozi bwe arebye uburemere bw’icyaha n’ingaruka zacyo agatanga igihano gikwiranye n’icyaha cyakozwe. [20] Hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga igifungo cy’imyaka 16 Maniranzi Vainqueur yahanishijwe kitakongera kugabanywa, cyane cyane ko icyo yahanishijwe kingana y’icyatanzwe mu zindi manza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko hakurikizwa Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ryavuzwe haruguru, kuko uretse urubanza Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiyeho rwa Baravuga Jean de Dieu, hari n’urubanza RPAA 00864/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 14/03/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nshimiyimana wakoze icyaha ari mu kigero kimwe na Maniranzi Vainqueur kuko yari afite imyaka 18, agasambanya umwana w’imyaka 4, Urukiko rwamugabanyirije igihano rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16). III. ICYEMEZO CY’ URUKIKO [21] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Maniranzi Vainqueur nta shingiro bufite; [22] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA 00799/2022/HC/MUS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Musanze ku wa 22/02/2024 rugumanye agaciro mu ngingo zarwo zose; [23] Rutegetse ko igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) Maniranzi Vainqueur yahanishijwe kigumyeho.