MANIRARORA vs KLM ROYAL DUTCH

# MANIRARORA vs KLM ROYAL DUTCH

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-01-13 - Case/document no.: RCOMA 00001/2022/HCC - Collection: Commercial High Court

## Text

## Page 1

MANIRARORA vs KLM ROYAL DUTCH [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU RW’UBUCURUZI – RCOMA 00001/2022/HCC (Noheli, P.J.,) 13 Mutarama 2023] Indishyi – Indishyi zisanzwe n’iz’igihombo zikomoka ku masezerano y’ubwikorezi – N’inshingano z’umwikorezi kureba niba atwaye umugenzi wujuje ibisabwa byose, Umwikorezi ariko afite nanone uburenganzira bwo kwanga gutwara umugenzi iyo atubahirije amategeko n’amabwiriza bisabwa. Indishyi – Umwikorezi utakoze inshingano ze zo gutwara umugenzi ikamugeza aho yagombaga kujya igomba kubyirengera, ikabiryozwa kuko niwe ufite inshingano zo kureba niba atwaye umugenzi wujuje ibisabwa byose. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uwitwa Manirarora avuga ko yishyuye itike y’indege muri KLM ROYAL DUTCH Airlines kugira ngo ajye mu Gihugu cya Canada, ariko ko igihe cyo kugenda kigeze, cyari igihe cya Covid-19, yagombaga guhabwa uruhushya rwihariye rwo gukora urugendo ari rwo Travel Exception, Canada yamubwiye ko yaba aretse gukora urugendo kubera icyorezo, noneho imwima uburenganzira bw’urugendo yo kwinjira muri icyo gihugu, ibyo bituma arega KLM mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi asaba gusubizwa amafaranga yatanze yose arebana na ticket n’ay’urugendo muri rusange, kuko nyuma yaho avuga ko yabonye ubutumwa bugufi kuri telefone bumwemerera gukora urugendo ruva i Kigali kugera i Vancouver muri canada, maze aragenda ariko ntiyabasha kugerayo, agarukira mu nzira kubwamakosa ya KLM, akaba yarasabye gusubizwa amafaranga yose yakoresheje muri urwo rugendo kuko itarangije inshingano yayo yo kumujyana aho yari agiye. Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeje ko ikirego nta shingiro gifite kuko nta kimenyetso uwareze yagaragaje cy’uko yari yemerewe gukora urugendo maze KLM ikabirengaho, bityo ko itagomba kuryozwa ibyo yatakaje muri urwo rugendo kuko nta ruhare yabigizemo. Manirarora ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urwo rubanza, maze arujurira mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi asaba gusubizwa amafaranga y’itike y’urugendo kubera KLM itubahirije inshingano zayo, hamwe n’indishyi z’akababazo n’iz’igihombo yagize z’ibyangijwe n’ibyatakajwe mu rugendo. Manirarora Evariste avuga kandi ko mu rubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko rwavuze ko yimwe travel exception kandi atarigeze ayisaba, ahubwo ko nyuma yo guhabwa Visa, Canada ishingiye ku cyorezo cya COVID-19, yafashe umwanzuro yuko abagenzi igomba kwakira ari abafite impamvu zihariye bigatuma bahabwa uruhushya rwihariye ari rwo Travel Exception. KLM yo yiregura ivuga ko ibyerekeranye na visa cyangwa ubundi burenganzira bwo kwinjira mu Gihugu runaka, biri muri souveraineté y’Igihugu gitanga cyangwa kikima abasaba uburenganzira bwo kucyinjiramo, bityo ko ubujurire nta shingiro bufite.

## Page 2

Manirarora avuga kandi ko asaba indishyi z’ibyatakajwe mu rugendo n’igihombo kirukomokaho kuko indege yamusize aho atashoboraga kubona imusubiza Kigali, biba ngombwa ko asohoka mu kibuga ajya Bruxelles yishyura ticket TGV yamujyanye n’iyamugaruye, akoresha itumanaho ritandukanye kandi rihenze avugana n’umuryango we muri Canada ko atakije, avuga ibyo byose byamuteye guhungabana, no gukoresha amafaranga menshi bitari kuri gahunda, bityo ko abisabira indishyi zitandukanye. Incamake y’icyemezo: Umwikorezi utakoze inshingano ze zo gutwara umugenzi ikamugeza aho yagombaga kujya igomba kubyirengera, ikabiryoza ikabitangira n’indishyi z’igihombo kuko niwe ufite inshingano zo kureba niba atwaye umugenzi wujuje ibisabwa byose. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko No 45/2011 ryo kuwa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano, ingingo ya 64; Itegeko No18/2010 ryo kuwa 12/05/2010 ryerekeye ubutumwa koranabuhanga, umukono koranabuhanga n’ihererekanya koranabuhanga, ingingo ya 3 niya 6. Nta manza zifashishijwe. Urubanza I.IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Manirarora Evariste avuga ko yishyuye itike y’indege muri KLM ROYAL DUTCH Airlines (KLM) kugira ngo ajye gusura umuryango we uri mu Gihugu cya Canada, ahabwa visa. Avuga ko igihe cyo kugenda kigeze, Canada yamubwiye ko yaba aretse gukora urugendo kubera icyorezo cya Covid-19, noneho imwima "Travel Exception" yo kwinjira muri icyo Gihugu. Nyuma yaho yagiye kuri KLM kugira ngo imusubize amafaranga ye, abakozi bayo bamwemerera ko bagiye kumukorera ubuvugizi kugira ngo abone "Clearence" noneho bigeze ku wa 31/08/2020 abona ubutumwa kuri Whatsapp bumumenyesha ko ubuyobozi bwa Canada bwamwemereye gukora urugendo ruva i Kigali kugera i Vancouver. Ku wa 19/09/2020 yafashe indege ya KLM ariko ageze i Amsterdam abakozi b’aho bwamwangira kujya mu yindi ndege yagombaga kumugeza i Vancouver, birangira atagezeyo. Ibyo byatumye atanga ikirego asaba urukiko ko KLM ROYAL DUTCH Airlines imusubiza amafaranga y’itike yari yishyuye n’andi yakoresheje muri urwo rugendo kuko itarangije inshingano ya ngombwa yo kujyana umugenzi aho yari agiye. [2] KLM ivuga ko mu gihe Manirarora Evariste yemezaga urugendo muri KLM atayimenyesheje ko yimwe "Travel Exception" ndetse ko nta n’ikimenyetso atanga kigaragaza ko yabiyimenyesheje uretse kuba yarerekanye visa n’ibyangombwa bigaragaza ko abana be bari muri Canada. Ivuga ko icyo KLM yakoze ari uko yabajije KLM/Amsterdam niba Manirarora azemererwa kuhanyura muri "Transit", irabyemera; hanyuma agezeyo, abuzwa kwinjira mu yindi ndege. Ibyo ngo byatumye bahamagara mu Biro bya Immigration ya Canada, basubiza ko

## Page 3

uwo mugenzi yari yarimwe uburenganzira bw’urugendo (travel exception), bityo ko atakagombye kuba yararutangiye. [3] Mu rubanza RCOM 00766/2021/TC rwaciwe kuwa 01/12/2021, Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwasanze nta kimenyetso Manirarora Evariste agaragaza cy’uko yemerewe gukora urugendo KLM izi neza ko adafite "Travel Exception", ikabirengaho. Bityo ko nta ruhare KLM yagize mu gutuma atagera i Vancouver / Canada, kandi ko itagomba kuryozwa ibyo yatakaje muri urwo rugendo. Rwemeje ko ikirego cya Manirarora Evariste nta shingiro gifite, kandi ko KLM itagomba kuryozwa ibyo yatakaje mu rugendo rwe kuko nta ruhare yagize mu gutuma atagera i Vancouver/Canada. Rwemeje ko nta ndishyi zigomba gutangwa, maze rutegeka ko ingwate y’amagarama yatanzwe na Manirarora Evariste arega ihwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza. [4] Manirarora Evariste ntabwo yishimiye imikirize y’urwo rubanza, maze arujurira avuga ko urukiko rwahinduye imvugo ndetse ntirwaha agaciro ibimenyetso yatanze kuko rwavuze ko yimwe travel exception kandi atarigeze ayisaba ahubwo ko yayibwiwe na KLM ari uko agiye gusaba gusubizwa amafaranga ya ticket. Asaba ko yasubizwa amafaranga y’itike y’urugendo kubera KLM itubahirije inshingano zayo, indishyi z’amafaranga yakoresheje mu gihe cy’icyumweru ari Amsterdam, iz’akababazo n’iz’igihombo yagize kubera urugendo rutarangiye. [5] KLM ivuga ko ibivugwa n’uwajuriye ko yamwijeje kumukorera ubuvugizi ngo ahabwe clearance na Canada nta shingiro bifite kuko ibyerekeranye na visa cyangwa ubundi burenganzira bwo kwinjira mu Gihugu runaka, biri muri souveraineté yacyo kuba cyabyemera cyangwa cyabihakana. Kuba kandi ngo uwajuriye yemeza ko Canada ari yo yamwimye travel exception, ngo harimo ukwiyemerera k’umuburanyi na turpitude ye; bityo ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite. Isaba guhabwa indishyi zitandukanye. [6] Uru rubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame, Manirarora Evaritste ahagarariwe na Me Idahemuka Tharcisse, naho KLM ROYAL DUTCH AIRLINES ihagarariwe na Me Bugondo Natacha. [7] Ibibazo bigize urubanza birasuzumwa ni ibi bikurikira: Kumenya niba travel exception yashingiweho ikirego cya Manirarora Evariste kimwa ishingiro, ivugwa n’uregwa ariko ko idakomoka aho yagombaga kujya. Kumenya ishingiro ry’indishyi zisabwa muri uru rubanza. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA A. Kumenya niba travel exception yashingiweho ikirego cya Manirarora Evariste kimwa ishingiro, ivugwa n’uregwa ariko ko idakomoka aho yagombaga kujya. [8] Uhagarariye Manirarora Evariste avuga ko mu rubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko rwavuze ko yimwe travel exception kandi atarigeze ayisaba, ahubwo ko nyuma yo guhabwa Visa, Canada ishingiye ku cyorezo cya COVID-19, yafashe umwanzuro ko abagenzi igomba kwakira ari abafite impamvu zihariye bigatuma bahabwa uruhushya rwihariye ari rwo Travel Exception. Avuga ko izo mpamvu zihariye yazibwiwe na KLM agiye gusaba gusubizwa amafaranga ya

## Page 4

ticket ye. Kuba rero urukiko ruvuga ko nta kimenyetso agaragaza kandi ubutumwa bwanditse bugaragaza ko yahawe uburenganzira bwo gukora urugendo (you have been cleared to travel), Manirarora Evariste amubaza niba nta kimenyetso baha umuntu akitwaza, asubizwa oya, ko iyo babyemeye baba bumvikanye bombi (both sides), arongera amubwira ko yari azi ko hari icyo bamuha yitwaza bazamubaza akakibereka, bamusubiza ko bamenyesha Kigali Airport ko ari ok to be boarded. [9] Uhagarariye Manirarora Evariste avuga ko ibyo KLM Kigali yasabye, itabisabye Amsterdam kuko aho avuga ko I called Canadians just now. They are contacting gate. How much time do we have? Ngo ari ikimenyetso cy’uko avuga ko canadian migration bemeye. Ibyo ngo bigaragaza ko ibyo urukiko rwitiriye KLM nabyo binyuranye n’ukuri. Akomeza avuga ko mu gika cya 8, 9, 10 na 11 urukiko ruvuga ko kuba Manirarora Evariste nta kimenyetso na kimwe agaragaza, rutagendera ku butumwa bugufi yagiye yandikirana n’umukozi wa KLM mu gihe ahubwo bigaragaza uruhare rudashidikanywaho rwa KLM cyane cyane ko idahakana imyitwarire yayo. Bityo ko igomba kuryozwa amakosa yakoreye Manirarora Evariste. [10] Uhagarariye KLM avuga ko mu ibarwa yo ku wa 30/09/2020, Avoka w’uwajuriye yandikiye KLM ayisaba kwirengera ingaruka harimo kwishyura amafaranga nyamara ubwo busabe bwari bushingiye ku migendekere igoretse irimo ko KLM yamwijeje kumukorera ubuvugizi ngo ahabwe clearance na Canada. Avuga ko ibyo nta shingiro kuko ibyerekeranye na visa cyangwa ubundi burenganzira bwo kwinjira mu Gihugu runaka, biri muri souveraineté y’Igihugu gitanga cyangwa kikima abasaba uburenganzira bwo kucyinjiramo. Kuba rero Manirarora Evariste yumva ko hari icyo KLM yabikoraho, ngo ni ubujiji bwe butakagombye kuryozwa KLM kuko ku wa 31/10/2020, KLM yamusubije inamwibutsa imigendekere nyakuri kw’ibuzwa ryo gukomeza urugendo rwe hashingiwe ku makuru yatanze i Amsterdam nk’uko agaragara muri PNR “Passenger Name Records”. Kuba ngo uwajuriye yemeza ko Canada ari yo yamwimye travel exception, ngo harimo ukwiyemerera k’umuburanyi na turpitude ye, bityo ko ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [11] Ingingo ya 64 y’Itegeko No 45/2011 ryo kuwa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano iteganya ko amasezerano akozwe ku buryo bukurikije amategeko aba itegeko ku bayagiranye. Ashobora guseswa ari uko babyumvikanyeho cyangwa ku mpamvu zemewe n'amategeko. Agomba kubahirizwa nta buriganya. Ingingo ya 9 y’Itegeko No 45/2011 ryo kuwa 25/11/2011 rimaze kuvugwa haruguru iteganya ko kugira ngo amasezerano akorwe, ukwemera k’uruhande rumwe kugomba guhura n’ukwemera k’urundi ruhande. [12] Ingingo ya 3 y’Itegeko No18/2010 ryo kuwa 12/05/2010 ryerekeye ubutumwa koranabuhanga, umukono koranabuhanga n’ihererekanya koranabuhanga iteganya ko ubutumwa koranabuhanga ihabwa agaciro hakurikijwe iri tegeko. Ntabwo inyandiko yakwamburwa agaciro, ukuri cyangwa ntishyirwe mu bikorwa hashingiwe ko gusa iri mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga. Ingingo ya 6 y’Itegeko No 18/2010 ryo kuwa 12/05/2010 rimaze kuvugwa haruguru iteganya ko mu buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose bw’amategeko, inyandiko koranabuhanga yemerwa kandi ihabwa agaciro nk’ikimenyetso hatitawe ko 1° ari inyandiko koranabuhanga

## Page 5

gusa, 2° itari umwimerere mu gihe uyerekana agaragaje ko ari cyo kimenyetso kiruta ibindi ashoboye kubona. [13] Ingingo ya 18.2 y’Amabwiriza rusange yo gutwara abantu n’imizigo mu ndege ya KLM iteganya ko abagenzi basabwa kwerekana inyandiko zo kwinjira, gusohoka n’iz’urugendo kimwe n’iz’ubuzima n’izindi zisabwa mu guhaguruka, kugera ahantu ndetse no kwambuka ibihugu; izo nyandiko akaziha umwikorezi ndetse akanamwemerera gukora kopi yazo. Umwikorezi ariko afite uburenganzira bwo kwanga gutwara umugenzi iyo atubahirije amategeko n’amabwiriza bisabwa, afite amakenga ku nyandiko yahawe cyangwa umugenzi yangiye umwikorezi gufata cyangwa gukora kopi y’inyandiko zisabwa. Umwikorezi ariko ntabwo yirengera igihombo cyatewe n’uko ibiteganywa n’iyi ngingo bitubahirijwe (a) Passengers are required to present entry, exit and transit documents, as well as health and other documents required by the applicable regulations (laws, regulations, decisions, requirements 26 and provisions) in the departure, arrival and transit States. Passengers are moreover required to hand over to the Carrier and/or allow the Carrier to make a copy of said documents, if required, or to record infor mation contained therein. (b) The Carrier reserves the right, in accordance with Article 9, to refuse the Carriage if a Passenger fails to comply with the applicable laws and regulations, if the Carrier has doubts as to the validity of the documents presented, or the Passenger does not permit the Carrier to take and retain copies of any documents or otherwise retain data contained in the relevant documents. (c) The Carrier shall not be liable for losses or expenses suffered by Passengers who do not comply with the provisions of this Article. [14] Dosiye y’uru rubanza igaragaza itike y’indege yahawe Manirarora Evariste aho yagombaga kuva Kigali kugera Amaterdam kuwa 19/09/2020 saa 20:10 akahagera kuwa 20/09/2020 saa 08:25, akava Amsterdam kuwa 20/09/2020 saa 15:20 akagera Vancouver uwo munsi saa 15:30. Igaragaza ubutumwa bwo kuri whatsapp umukozi wa KLM witwa Prisca yandikiye uwajuriye amubwira ko yemerewe kugenda (you have been cleared to travel), undi amubaza niba nta kimenyetso cyabyo yakwitwaza, asubizwa oya kuko iyo babyemeye baba bumvikanye impande zombi (both sides) kuko bamenyesha Kigali ko wemerewe kurenga umupaka (ok to be boared). Mu butumwa bwo kuwa 20/09/2020, uwo mukozi yamwandikiye amubwira ko yahamagaye muri Canada ariko ko ari ubutumwa bwoherewe na Maraike ariko ko abantu bo kuri gate banze gufata telefone ko yababaza niba bahamagawe na Canadian migration. Ikindi yambiwe ni uko nta kibazo azahura nacyo mu rugendo kandi ko akigize yamuhamagara. [15] Urukiko rurasanga mu kwima ishingiro ikirego cya Manirarora Evariste, Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwashingiye ku kuba ngo nta kimenyetso agaragaza cy’uko yemerewe gukora urugendo KLM izi neza ko adafite "Travel Exception" ariko rusanga nta shingiro bifite kuko uretse no kuba bitarashyizwe mu byo yasabaga, zari n’inshingano z’umwikorezi kureba niba atwaye umugenzi wujuje ibisabwa kuko nk’uko Amabwiriza rusange yayo abiteganya mu ngingo ya 18.2, umwikorezi afite uburenganzira bwo kwanga gutwara umugenzi iyo atubahirije amategeko n’amabwiriza bisabwa cyangwa afite amakenga ku nyandiko yahawe. Rusanga rero uretse no kuba nta kigaragaza ko iyo travel exception yari ndakuka kugira ngo agere Canada, n’iyo byaba ari byo; yaba ari amakosa ya KLM yo gutwara umugenzi utujuje ibisabwa kuko byaba binyuranye n’amabwiriza rusange yayo.

## Page 6

[16] Urukiko rurasanga kandi uretse kubivuga gusa, nta kimenyetso KLM igaragaza cy’uko yavuganye no muri Canada bakayibwira ko uwajuriye yari yimwe mbere hose uburenganzira bw’urugendo (travel exception), ku buryo atari kubirengaho ngo arutangire. Ibyo byumvikanisha ko ibimaze kuvugwa haruguru bigaragaza ko impamvu urukiko rwashingiyeho ku rwego rubanza rwima agaciro ikirego cya Manirarora Evariste nta shingiro ifite. [17] Urukiko rurasanga ahubwo kugira ngo Manirarora Evariste afate urugendo yarabanje kuvugana na KLM hanyuma ikamwemerera ko agenda nk’uko bigaragazwa n’ibimenyetso bimaze kuvugwa haruguru aho umukozi wayo yamubwiye ko yemererwe kugenda, kandi ko ntacyo kwitwaza bamuha kuko ngo iyo babyemeye, baba bumvikanye impande zombi kubera ko bamenyesha Kigali ko wemerewe kurenga umupaka, ndetse nyuma yo kuvugana ku bijyanye no kwinjira muri Canada, abwirwa ko ntakibazo azahura nacyo kandi ko akigize yabahamagara. Ubwo butumwa bandikiranye kuri whatsapp bugaragaza uruhare rwa KLM rwo kuba Manirarora Evariste yarahagurutse Kigali agiye muri Canada yamwijeje ko kugera yo nta kibazo, kandi ntabwo bwateshwa agaciro n’uko ari ubwo kuri whatsapp gusa kuko inyandiko itakwamburwa agaciro, ukuri cyangwa ntishyirwe mu bikorwa hashingiwe ko gusa iri mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 3 y’Itegeko No 18/2010 ryo kuwa 12/05/2010 ryavuzwe haruguru. [18] Kuba rero nk’uko bimaze kuvugwa haruguru, Manirarora Evariste yarahagurutse yijejwe na KLM ko agomba kugera aho agiye ariko ntibikunde, kandi ibijyanye no kuba uwajuriye yaremerewe gukora urugendo KLM itazi neza ko adafite "Travel Exception" nta shingiro bifite; byumvikanisha ko ubujurire bwa Manirarora Evariste bufite ishingiro kuko kugira ngo ahaguruke Kigali yerekeza Canada yari yemerewe n’abakozi ba KLM ko ari bugereyo nta kibazo, kandi ko bigaragaza ko amasezerano yari yakozwe kuko ukwemera kw’impande zombi kwari kwahuye nk’uko biteganywa n’inyingo ya 9 y’Itegeko No 45/2011 ryo kua 25/11/2011 ryavuzwe haruguru. B. Kumenya ishingiro ry’indishyi zisabwa muri uru rubanza C. Ku ndishyi z’ibyatakajwe mu rugendo n’igihombo kirukomokaho [19] Uhagarariye Manirarora Evariste avuga ko yishyuye ticket ya 7,524 USD y’ikiguzi kugira ngo indege ya KLM imuvane Kigali imugeze Vancouver ariko ntiyabikora kuko yamuvanye Kigali imusiga Amsterdam nta mpamvu imubwiye, aza kumenyeshwa ko atemerewe kugera muri Canada kandi bari bamubwiye ko ikibazo cye yagikurikiranye akemererwa gukora urugendo ari nayo mpamvu yemerewe kunyura kuri Kigali Airport akinjira mu ndege yagombaga kumutwara kuko hari hamaze gusuzumwa ko ibisabwa ku ruhande rwe byuzuye. Kuba rero KLM itararangije inshingano ya ngombwa yo kujyana umugenzi ikamugeza aho yari agiye, ngo ni amakosa kuko icyo yatangiriye ikiguzi kitakozwe, bityo ko agomba gusubizwa ikiguzi yari yishyuye kuko no kugira ngo ave Amsterdam agaruke Kigali, KLM yamwishyuje 200 EURO byitwa ko yahinduye igihe cyo kugaruka. Bityo ko yasubizwa 7,524 USD hiyongereyeho 200 EURO. [20] Uhagarariye Manirarora Evariste avuga ko indege ikimusiga kuko atashoboraga kubona imusubiza Kigali, byabaye ngombwa ko asohoka mu kibuga ajya Bruxelles yishyura ticket TGV yamujyanye n’iyamugaruye, akoresha itumanaho ritandukanye kandi rihenze avugana n’umuryango we muri Canada ko atakije, avugana n’abakozi ba KLM Kigali ngo bamubwire

## Page 7

ikibazo kibaye n’icyo agomba gukora, ahamagara abantu batandukanye bamugira inama y’icyo gukora. Ibyo ngo byamuteye guhungabana, bituma ajya kwa muganga kwisuzumisha, hari amafaranga yakoresheje mu kumutunga n’icumbi. Avuga ko kubera gusigwa mu kibuga cya Amsterdam nta mukozi wa KLM umwitayeho, nta bumenyi ahafitiye n’ikibazo cy’ururimi, byabaye ngombwa ko ajya kuba Bruxelles mu gihe ategereje ko ikibazo cye kibona igisubizo. Akaba ari yo mpamvu hagaragara factures zitandukanye zo mu Gihugu cy’Ububiligi aheraho asaba indishyi zigizwe n’ayatakajwe muri hoteli no kurya (Frais d’Hotelerie &Restauration à Bruxelles angana na 200 EUROS, indishyi z’igihombo cy’ibyo yahombye zingana na 7.000USD. [21] Uhagarariye Manirarora Evariste avuga ko mu rwego rwo kwirinda no gukumira icyorezo cya COVID 19, hagiyeho ibyemezo bitandukanye harimo ibireba abagomabga kugenda n’indege harimo kwipimisha icyorezo, gushyirwa ahantu umuntu adahura n’abandi mu gihe runaka kugira ngo igihugu agezemo na cyo gisuzume ko nta bwandu yahuye na bwo hagati yo kwipimisha n’igihe ahagereye; bikaba ngombwa ko yishyura Hoteli kandi bitari kuba iyo aba nta rugendo afite. Avuga ko mu gihe cy’urugendo Manirarora Evariste yararwaye biba ngombwa ko ajya kwivuza, arishyura kandi iyo urugendo rwe rukomeza bitari kuba ngombwa kuko amafaranga ya ticket yishyuye aba arimo na Assurance maladies. Bityo ko KLM igomba guhatirwa gusubiza amafaranga y’ubuvuzi yose yatanze agizwe n’ayo yatangiye Rwanda Biomedical Centre: 42.700 Frw, Amsterdam/Airport Medical Services /KLM-Rwanda Biomedical Centre/Great Season Hotel kuwa 26/09/2020 angana na 57.200Frw, aya HIREC Clinique de la Basilique (Basiliek Ziekenhuis) Bruxelles angaan na 150 Euros. Asaba kandi guhabwa aya Ticket TGV Amsterdam– Bruxelles-Amsterdam angana na 104 EUROS; ayo Amsterdam/Airport Medical Services/KLM “TEST COVID” angana na 100 EURO. [22] Imyiregurire ya KLM kuri iyi ngingo ni kimwe n’iyo yavuze ku ngingo ibanziriza iyo ijyanye no kumenya niba travel exception yashingiweho ikirego cya Manirarora Evariste kimwa ishingiro ivugwa na KLM ariko ko idakomoka Canada nk’aho yagombaga kujya. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [23] Ingingo ya 13.1 y’Amabwiriza rusange yo gutwara abantu n’imizigo mu ndege ya KLM iteganya ko mu gihe umwikorezi afashe icyemezo cyo kujyana mu kindi Gihugu umugenzi mu gihe yaje ku gihe ariko atiteguye kumuha umwanya kandi afite itike yujuje ibisabwa yanageze aho agomba gusuzumirwa mbere yo kwinjira mu ndege ku gihe nk’uko binasabwa; umwikorezi azirengera ibizasubizwa umugenzi (In the event the Carrier decides to deny boarding the Passenger, due to overbooking or other reasons, with the result that the Carrier is not in a position to offer a seat to the Passenger, even though the Passenger has a valid Ticket and has arrived for check-in and boarding in accordance with the required timeframes and conditions, the Carrier shall grant the Passenger the compensation provided for by the relevant applicable regulations, where applicable). Ingingo ya 18.3 y’Amabwiriza yavuzwe haruguru iteganya ko iyo abagenzi bangiwe kwinjira mu Gihugu, bagomba kwishyura ibihano byahabwa umwikorezi (If a Passenger is refused entry into a territory, they must pay all the charges or fines imposed on the Carrier by the local authorities, as well as the Fare Including Tax for carriage if the Carrier, due to a government order, is required to return the Passenger to his/her departure location or elsewhere).

## Page 8

[24] Dosiye y’uru rubanza igaragaza resi yo kuwa 26/09/2020 uwajuriye yapimiweho COVID-19 muri RBC akishyura 57.200 FRW. Igaragaza facture yishyuriyeho 145 EURO nyuma yo kwipimisha Covid-19 kuwa 24/09/2020 ku kibuga cy’indege Schiphol. Igaragaza facture yo muri Great season hotel Ltd yahawe uwajuriye ijyanye na accomodation room no 304 Bar (water and fanta) Resto ihwanye na 60 USD kuko yahageze kuwa 26-27/09/2020. [25] Urukiko rurasanga nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, kugira ngo Manirarora Evaritse akore urugendo rujya Canada ari uko yari yijejwe na KLM ko aragerayo nta kibazo. Kuba ariko iyo nshingano yayo nk’umwikorezi itarayisoje; byumvikanisha ko igomba kubyirengera ikamusubiza agaciro k’itike ye hamwe n’ibyo yahatakarije kuko nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 13.1 y’Amabwiriza rusange yayo yavuzwe haruguru, mu gihe umwikorezi afashe icyemezo cyo kujyana mu kindi Gihugu umugenzi mu gihe yaje ku gihe ariko umwikorezi atiteguye kumuha umwanya kandi afite itike yujuje ibisabwa yanageze aho agomba gusuzumirwa mbere yo kwinjira mu ndege ku gihe nk’uko binasabwa; umwikorezi azirengera ibizasubizwa umugenzi. Kuba rero Manirarora Evariste avuga ko yishyuye itike yo kujya Canada ya 7,524 USD ariko ntagereye, bigatuma n’aho agarukiye acibwa 200 USD y’inyongera kuko ngo yahinduye igihe cyo kugaruka; rusanga ayo mafaranga yose y’urugendo uko angana na 7,724USD hamwe; KLM igomba kuyamusubiza nk’igihmbo yamuteye. [26] Kuba kandi hari andi mafaranga Manirarora Evaritse yatakaje akomoka kuri urwo rugendo agaragarizwa ibimenyetso, KLM nabyo igomba kubyirengera kuko bikomoka ku makosa yayo. Bityo rero ikaba igomba kumusubiza 57.200 FRW yatanze muri RBC yibipisha COVID-19; 145 EURO yo kwipimisha Covid-19 ku kibuga cy’indege Schiphol na 60 USD y’ibyo yatakaje muri Great season hotel Ltd harimo n’ibyamutunze. b. Ku ndishyi z’akababaro n’iz’ibyatakajwe mu rubanza [27] Uhagarariye Manirarora Evariste asaba urukiko gutegeka KLM kumuha indishyi z’akababaro zingana n’amadorali y’Amerika ibihumbi mirongo itanu (50,000 USD). [28] Uhagarariye KLM asaba indishyi z’gihembo cy’Avoka ku rwego rwa mbere kingana na miliyoni imwe (1.000.000Frw) n’indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza zingana n’ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000Frw). Asaba ko ku rwego rw’ubujurire yahabwa igihembo cy’Avoka kingana na miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi magana atanu (1.500.000Frw) n’indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza zingana n’ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw). Isaba kandi izindi ndishyi zingana na miliyoni ijana (100.000.000 Frw) kuko ngo isura y’ubucuruzi ya KLM yangirikira mu rubanza kandi ubundi yemewe cyane ku rwego mpuzamahanga ikaba ikomeje no kwegukana ibikombe hirya no hino kubera imitangire ya services. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [29] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo kuwa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. (…) kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe.

## Page 9

[30] Ingingo ya 81 y’Itegeko No 45/2011 ryo kuwa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano iteganya ko kwica amasezerano yose bitanga uburenganzira ku ndishyi z’akababaro zishingiye ku nshingano zo gukora igisabwa zitararangira. Kwica igice cy’amasezerano bitanga uburenganzira ku ndishyi z’akababaro zishingiye gusa ku gice cy’inshingano zisigaye zo gukora igisabwa. [31] Urukiko rurasanga kuba ukwiregura kwa KLM ku bijyanye no kuba itakwirengera kuba Manirarora Evariste atarashoje urugendo yari afite nta shingiro bifite, byumvikanisha ko n’indishyi isaba zikomoka kuri uru rubanza nta shingiro zifite kuko nk’uko bivugwa n’abahanga mu mategeko, indishyi zigizwe no gusubizwa amafaranga mu mwanya w’akababaro cyangwa umutungo watakajwe cyangwa byose icyarimwe,1 kandi ntabwo yavuga ko hari ibyo yatakaje bitari ngombwa mu gihe no kwiregura kwayo nta gaciro kwahawe. [32] Kuba KLM yari yijeje Manirarora Evariste ko imugeza Canada aho yagombaga kujya ariko ntibikore, byumvikanisha ko nk’umwikorezi; itubahirije amasezerano bagiranye. Bityo rero indishyi z’akababazo zikomoka kuri icyo gikorwa zisabwa na Manirarora Evariste zifite ishingiro kuko kwica amasezerano yose bitanga uburenganzira ku ndishyi z’akababaro zishingiye ku nshingano zo gukora igisabwa zitararangira nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 81 y’Itegeko no 45/2011 ryo kuwa 25/11/2011 ryavuzwe hauguru. Kuba ariko aterekana aho ahera asanga izingana na 50,000 USD uretse kuzivuga gusa, akwiye kuzihabwa mu bushishozi bw’urukiko. Akaba ahawe izingana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi magana atanu (1.500.000 Frw). III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [33] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Manirarora Evariste bufite ishingiro. [34] Rwemeje ko Manirarora Evariste yahagurutse n’indege ya KLM ROYAL DUTCH Airlines, yamwijeje ko agomba kugera aho agiye ariko ko itahamugejeje, kandi ko ibijyanye no kuba yarabimwemereye itazi neza ko adafite "Travel Exception"; nta shingiro bifite. [35] Rwemeje ko mu gihe KLM ROYAL DUTCH Airlines nk’umwikorezi, ifashe icyemezo cyo kujyana umugenzi wujuje ibisabwa mu kindi Gihugu, ntimugezeyo; igomba kwirengera ibizasubizwa uwo mugenzi. [36] Rwemeje ko KLM ROYAL DUTCH Airlines igomba gusubiza Manirarora Evariste amafaranga yatakaje mu rugendo rwo kuva Kigali yerekeza Canada ariko ntimugezeyo agizwe na n’Amadorali y’Amerika ibihumbi birindwi magana arindwi na makumyabiri n’ane (7,724 USD) yatanze ku matike y’indege, 57.200 Frw yatanze muri RBC yibipisha Covid-19; 145 EURO yo kwipimisha Covid-19 ku kibuga cy’indege Schiphol na 60 USD y’ibyo yatakaje muri Great season hotel Ltd harimo n’ibyamutunze. Yose hamwe akaba 7,784 USD; 57.200 FRW na 145 EURO. [37] Rutegetse KLM ROYAL DUTCH Airlines guha Manirarora Evariste ibyo yatakaje mu rugendo rwo kuva Kigali yerekeza Canada bimaze kuvugwa haruguru bingana na 7,784 USD; 1 Serge BRAUDO “Dictionnaire juridique’ https://www.dictionnaire-juridique.com/definition/dommages- interets.php [10/11/2021]. Les dommages-intérêts constituent la compensation financière à laquelle peut prétendre une personne qui a subi un préjudice moral ou une atteinte dans son patrimoine ou les deux la fois.

## Page 10

57.200 Frw na 145 EURO, kandi ikanamuha indishyi z’akababaro zingana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi magana atanu (1.500.000 Frw). [38] Rutegetse ko urubanza RCOM 00766/2021/TC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi kuwa 01/12/2021, ruhindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose. [39] Rutegetse KLM ROYAL DUTCH Airlines gusubiza Manirarora Evariste amafaranga y’u Rwanda ibihumbi mirongo ine (40.000Frw) yatanzeho ingwate y’amagarama ajurira, itayatanga hamwe n’indishyi kimwe n’ayandi igomba kumusubiza byavuzwe haruguru; akagurwa mu byayo ku ngufu za Leta.