UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MANIRIHO

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MANIRIHO

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-11-18 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00369/2025/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MANIRIHO [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00369/2025/CA (Mukamurenzi, P.J.) 18 Ugushyingo 2025] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Ibimenyetso mu manza Nshinjabyaha – Mu manza nshinjabyaha, ibimenyetso byose iyo byagiweho impaka bishobora gushingirwaho mu kwemeza ko uregwa yakoze icyaha (principe de la liberté de la preuve en matière pénale) kandi ibyo bimenyetso bishobora no kuba imvugo z’abatangabuhamya, urukiko rukaba arirwo rusuzuma niba ibyo bavuga byakwemerwa cyangwa ntibyemerwe. Incamake y’ikibazo: Maniriho yakurikiranyweho n’Ubushinjacyaha icyaha cyo gukora ibikorwa byerekeranye n’ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo, nyuma yuko afatanywe udupfunyika 36 tw’urumogi; nyuma y’iperereza bumuregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000 Frw. Maniriho yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko atemera icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi ahubwo yemera icyo kurufatanwa no kurunywa, ko aribyo akwiye guhanirwa. Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ubujurire nta shingiro bufite, icyakora rushingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha z’uko ari ubwa mbere yari akoze icyaha mu buryo buzwi no kuba yari akiri urubyiruko ruto rugikeneye kwiteza imbere ubwe n’igihugu muri rusange, rumugabanyiriza igihano rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw. Uregwa (Maniriho) yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi mu buryo bugenekereje kuko rwashingiye ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamuhimbiye ikinyoma bagamije kumufungisha, nyamara yararugaragarije ko udupfunyika 7 tw’urumogi yafatanywe rwari urwo kunywa, naho urundi ari rw’abagenzi be bari kumwe barutaye bakiruka, ariko rurabyirengagiza. Asaba guhindurirwa inyito y’icyaha, agahanirwa icyaha cyo gufatanwa no kunywa urumogi. Ku rundi ruhande Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko inyito y’icyaha itahinduka kuko uregwa atashoboye kuvuguruza ibimenyetso byashingiweho birimo imvugo z’abamufashe (Kimenyi Issa na Hakizimana Valérie) bigaragaza ko urumogi yafatanywe rwari urwo gucuruza aho kuba urwo kunywa, kuko Kimenyi yigize umuguzi ahamagara Maniriho ngo amuzanire urumogi rwo kugura noneho bahuye abari bari kumwe bariruka, ibyo bugasobanura ko yari asanzwe acuruza urumogi. Incamake y’icyemezo: Mu manza nshinjabyaha, ibimenyetso byose iyo byagiweho impaka bishobora gushingirwaho mu kwemeza ko uregwa yakoze icyaha (principe de la liberté de la preuve en matière pénale) kandi ibyo bimenyetso bishobora no kuba imvugo z’abatangabuhamya, urukiko rukaba arirwo rusuzuma niba ibyo bavuga byakwemerwa cyangwa ntibyemerwe. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite.

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Nta mategeko yashingiweho Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA 00692/2021/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Ndayishimiye Jean Damascène rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/01/2023; RPAA 00139/2024/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Ntiwizerabo Nicodem rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/04/2025. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 10/02/2020, Maniriho Samuel yafatiwe i Remera-Nyarutarama Kibiraro I n’inkeragutabara yitwa Hakizimana Valérie afite udupfunyika 36 tw'urumogi, abandi basore bari kumwe bahita biruka baracika. Amaze gufatwa yashyikirijwe Ubugenzacyaha, atangira gukurikiranwa. [2] Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Maniriho Samuel mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge icyaha cyo gukora ibikorwa byerekeranye n’ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo. Yaburanye ahakana icyaha aregwa avuga ko yavuye mu kazi ari kumwe na bagenzi be, bageze mu nzira bagura urumogi, we agura udupfunyika 7, bagenda barunywa bageze Nyarutarama aho bagombaga gutandukanira bahura n’abanyerondo baramufata, bagenzi be bariruka bata urumogi rwabo, bararufata bavuga ko ari urwe, nyamara urwe rwari udupfunyika 7 yari yaguze two kunywa. [3] Mu rubanza RP 00955/2020/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 28/01/2022, Urukiko rwemeje ko Maniriho Samuel ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, rushingiye ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya Kimenyi Issa na Hakizimana Valérie no ku nyandikomvugo y’ifatira yashyizeho umukono yemeza ko afatanwe udupfunyika 36 tw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000 Frw. [4] Maniriho Samuel yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, avuga ko atemera icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi ahubwo yemera icyo kurufatanwa no kurunywa, ko aribyo akwiye guhanirwa. Naho uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yavuze ko yafatanywe urumogi, hakaba n’abamushinja kurucuruza kandi akaba atabivuguruza, asaba ko hagumaho urubanza yaciriwe. [5] Mu rubanza RPA 00224/2022/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 19/03/2025, Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Maniriho Samuel nta shingiro bufite, kuko atavuguruza ibimenyetso byashingiweho bimuhamya icyaha. Icyakora, Urukiko Rukuru rushingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha z’uko ari ubwa mbere yari akoze icyaha mu buryo buzwi no kuba yari akiri urubyiruko ruto rugikeneye kwiteza imbere ubwe n’igihugu muri rusange, rumugabanyiriza igihano rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw. [6] Maniriho Samuel yajuririye imikirize y’urubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa RPAA 00369/2025/CA, iburanisha ribera mu ruhame ku wa 06/11/2025, Maniriho

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Samuel yitabye yunganirwa na Me Ruberwa Ngarukiye Silas naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Ntawangundi Béatrice, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [7] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire no mu miburanire ye, Maniriho Samuel n’umwunganira bavuga ko yajuriye kubera ko Urukiko Rukuru rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi mu buryo bugenekereje kuko rwashingiye ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamuhimbiye ikinyoma bagamije kumufungisha, nyamara yararugaragarije ko udupfunyika 7 tw’urumogi yafatanywe rwari urwo kunywa, naho urundi ari rw’abagenzi be bari kumwe barutaye bakiruka, ariko rurabyirengagiza. Basaba guhindurirwa inyito y’icyaha, agahanirwa icyaha cyo gufatanwa no kunywa urumogi. [8] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko inyito y’icyaha itahinduka kuko Maniriho Samuel atashoboye kuvuguruza ibimenyetso byashingiweho birimo imvugo z’abamufashe bigaragaza ko urumogi yafatanywe rwari urwo gucuruza aho kuba urwo kunywa. [9] Muri uru rubanza harasuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba hari ikosa Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze mu kwemeza ko Maniriho Samuel ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba hari ikosa Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze mu kwemeza ko Maniriho Samuel ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi [10] Maniriho Samuel n’umwunganira bavuga ko yajuriye kubera ko Urukiko Rukuru rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi rugenekereje kuko nta kimenyetso na kimwe rwashingiyeho cyemeza ko yagikoze, ko imvugo z’abatangabuhamya zishidikanywaho kuko umugore we atabajijwe ngo yemeze ko yavuganye na Kimenyi Yves umushinja ko yari agiye kumugurisha urumogi, ndetse n’uwitwa Nepo avuga ko ari we wamuhaye amakuru ko acuruza urumogi nawe atabajijwe. Basobanura ko udupfunyika 7 tw’urumogi yafatanywe rwari urwo kunywa yari yaguze, naho urundi ari urwa bagenzi be bataye ubwo abanyerondo (DASSO) bashakaga kubafata bakabarwanya, maze rwose hamwe udupfunyika 36, bavuga ko ari urwe kandi atari byo, ko nta n’umuntu wagaragajwe yari agiye kurugurisha. [11] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko mu guhamya Maniriho Samuel icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi, hashingiwe ku buhamya bwa Kimenyi Issa na Hakizimana Valérie aho bavuga ko ubwo Maniriho yari azaniye Kimenyi Issa urumogi rwo kugura bagenzi be bari kumwe bahise biruka, bwuzuzwa n’imyiregurire ya Maniriho Samuel n’ubwo ahakana icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, ariko yemera ko bamufatanye urumogi udupfunyika 7 ndetse akanavuga ko bagenzi be bari kumwe birutse, byerekana ko amakuru bari bamufiteho ko acuruza urumogi ariyo, kuko bashatse uburyo bamufata umwe muri bo yigira umuguzi aramuhamagara aza aruzanye aje kurubagurisha ariko azana na bagenzi be babiri bahise biruka we bamufatana udupfunyika 36, bityo ko ubuhamya bwabo butagomba guteshwa agaciro. [12] Anavuga ko nubwo Maniriho Samuel yafatanywe udupfunyika 36 tw’urumugi bidakuraho ko rwari urwo gucuruza hashingiwe ku bimenyetso birimo imvugo ze ndetse n’imvugo z’abatangabuhamya babajijwe bavuzwe haruguru, bityo inyito y’icyaha ikaba itahinduka kuko ibyo yakoze atari ugufatanwa urumogi, ahubwo ari ukurucuruza.

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UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [13] Impaka mu rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba nta bimenyetso byashingiweho bihamya ko icyaha Maniriho Samuel yakoze ari icyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi ku buryo byatuma icyo cyaha gihindurirwa inyito agahanirwa gufatanwa no kunywa ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi. [14] Ibyerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza nshinjabyaha, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwabitanzeho umurongo mu rubanza RPAA 00692/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 20/01/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayishimiye Jean Damascène. Muri urwo rubanza Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwasobanuye ko mu manza nshinjabyaha, ibimenyetso byose iyo byagiweho impaka bishobora gushingirwaho mu kwemeza ko uregwa yakoze icyaha (principe de la liberté de la preuve en matière pénale) kandi ibyo bimenyetso bishobora no kuba imvugo z’abatangabuhamya, urukiko rukaba arirwo rusuzuma niba ibyo bavuga byakwemerwa cyangwa ntibyemerwe. Uyu murongo wakurikijwe no mu zindi manza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, mu ziheruka harimo n’urubanza Urubanza RPAA 00139/2024/CA, rwaciwe ku wa 29/04/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ntiwizerabo Nicodem. [15] Nk’uko urubanza RPA 00224/2022/HC/KIG rujuririrwa rubigaragaza, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze ubujurire bwa Maniriho Samuel bugamije gusaba ko inyito y’icyaha yahamijwe yahindurwa, agahanirwa icyaha cyo gufatanwa urumogi rwo kunywa aho kuba icyo kurucuruza nta shingiro ifite, kuko abatangabuhamya bavuze ko bamufashe aje kurubagurishaho, akaba nta kimenyetso yatanze kigaragaza ko urwo rumogi rwari urw’abandi, ko no muri dosiye harimo inyandikomvugo y’ifatira ry’udupfunyika 36 yashyizeho umukono. Urukiko Rukuru rushingiye ku rubanza RPAA 00436/2020/CA1, rwanavuze ko yaba atarasanganywe abaguzi cyangwa amafaranga yacuruje urumogi bitamuhanaguraho icyaha. [16] Muri dosiye harimo inyandikomvugo y’umutangabuhamya Kimenyi Issa abazwa mu Bugenzacyaha, wavuze ko nyuma y’uko uwitwa Nepo amuhaye amakuru ko Maniriho acuruza urumogi, yatangiye kuvugana n’umugore we amubwira ko ashaka urumogi rwinshi, undi aramwemerera ariko amubwira ko arubona umugabo we atashye, ko yaje kuvugana na Maniriho Samuel ubwe bumvikana ko amuzanira urumogi bagahurira i Nyarutarama, ahageze amubwira ko yamusanga mu gahanda k’ibitaka. Maniriho Samuel azana n’abandi babiri, abanza kumuhereza udupfunyika 2 ngo arebe, ahita amufata bararwana, Valérie na Patrick bahita baza baramufata, abandi bari kumwe nawe bariruka, bamusatse bamusangana udupfunyika 36. Iyi mvugo kandi yemejwe na Hakizimana Valérie ushinzwe umutekano wari mu bafashe Maniriho Samuel uvuga ko yahamagawe na Kimenyi Issa kugira ngo abafashe gufata umuntu wari ugiye kuzana urumogi. Muri dosiye harimo n’inyandikomvugo y’ifatira igaragaza ko yemeye ko afatanywe udupfunyika 36 tw’urumogi. [17] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ibyo Maniriho Samuel n’umwunganira bavuga ko urumogi yafatanywe ari urudupfunyika 7 yari yaguze two kunywa, ko urundi rwari urwa bagenzi be bari kumwe bataye bakiruka nta shingiro bifite, kuko umutangabuhamya Kimenyi Issa na Hakizimana Valérie ushinzwe umutekano, basobanura ko ari Maniriho Samuel wari ufite

1 Urubanza Nº RPAA 00436/2020/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/06/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NDEZE François

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udupfunyika 36 yari azaniye Kimenyi Issa ngo atumugurire, ndetse akaba yaranashyize umukono ku nyadikomvugo y’ifatira ryarwo. Byumvika ko iyo ruza kuba atari urwe rwose atari kwemera kurusinyira yemeza ko arufatanywe. [18] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rero ibyo bavuga ko Urukiko rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi nta bimenyetso rushingiyeho kubera ko hatagaragajwe umuguzi cyangwa uwaje amusanga ashaka kurugura nta shingiro bifite, kuko yafashwe ari kumwe na Kimenyi Issa wari wigize umuguzi w’urumogi, afatirwa aho bari bumvikanye guhurira i Nyarutarama mu gahanda k’ibitaka, maze mu gihe yarimo amuhereza urumogi, haza abashinzwe umutekano yari yararitse baramufata. [19] Urukiko rurasanga kuba Maniriho Samuel yarafatanywe urumogi rwinshi rungana n’udupfunyika 36 yari yitwaje agiye kurugurisha Kimenyi Issa, binahujwe n’uko uyu avuga ko hari amakuru yahawe n’uwitwa Nepo y’uko acuruza urumogi, bigaragaza nta shiti ko icyaha yakoze ari icyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, atari icyo gufatanwa urumogi yari yaguze rwo kunywa nk’uko abivuga. Bityo hakaba nta kosa ryakozwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rwemeza ko icyaha yakoze ari icyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi. [20] Hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa, uru Rukiko rurasanga ubujurire bwa Maniriho Samuel bugamije gusaba ko inyito y’icyaha yahamijwe ihinduka nta shingiro bufite, bityo Urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, rukaba rugumanye agaciro karwo.

III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [21] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Maniriho Samuel nta shingiro bufite. [22] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA 00224/2022/HC/KIG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, ku wa 19/3/2025 rudahindutse. [23] Rwemeje ko igifungo cy’imyaka cumi 15 n’ihazabu 5.000.000, Maniriho Samuel yahanishijwe kidahindutse.