UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MANIZABAYO

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MANIZABAYO

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-12-16 - Case/document no.: RPAA00099/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MANIZABAYO [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA00099/2024/CA (Mukamurenzi, P.J.) 16 Ukuboza 2024] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Ibikorwa byerekeranye n’ibiyobyabwenge – Ingano nini n’ikigiye gukoreshwa ibiyobyabwenge uregwa yafatanwe ni byo bishingirwaho mu kugaragaza ko atari ibyo kwikoreshereza ku giti cye, ahubwo ikigamijwe ari kubikwirakwiza. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Manizabayo mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi, bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, bumusabira ko icyaha kimuhama, agahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga imiliyoni makumyabiri. Uregwa yaburanye yemera icyaha avuga ko yagikoze kubera ko nta kandi kazi yarafite. Urukiko rwafashe icyemezo ko Uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha aregwa maze rumuhanisha ibihano bimwe n’ibyo Ubushinjacyaha bwamusabiye. Uregwa yajuririye iki cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru asaba ko inyito y’icyaha yahamwe yahindurwa kuko ibyo yafatanywe atari agamije kubicuruza ahubwo byari ibyo kunywa. UrukikoRukuru rwabanje gusuzuma ibimenyetso rusanga ahamwa n’icyo cyaha yahamijwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye ariko rwemeza ko agabanyirizwa ibihano kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha ndetse akaba bwari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe n’inzego z’ubutabera, maze rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni eshanu. Uregwa yajuririye uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba ko icyaha ashinjwa cyahindurirwa inyito kubera ko ibikorwa aregwa kandi yemera yabikoze inshuro imwe, bikaba bitagize icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge ahubwo bigize icyo kubifatanwa akwiye kuba ahanirwa. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ibyo Uregwa asaba atakongera kubihabwa kuko yagabanyirijwe bihagije ahabwa igihano gikwiranye n’icyaha yakoze. Buvuga kandi ko ibijyanye no guhindura inyito y’icyaha nta shingiro byahabwa kuko icyaha yakoze aricyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge, dore ko mu ibazwa rye yavuze uwarumutumye, uwo yari kuruzanira naho yari kurukura. Incamake y’icyemezo: Ingano nini n’ikigiye gukoreshwa ibiyobyabwenge uregwa yafatanywe ni byo bishingirwaho mu kugaragaza ko atari ibyo kwikoreshereza ku giti cye, ahubwo ikigamijwe ari kubikwirakwiza. Bityo, ubwinshi bw’urumogi Manizabayo yafatanwe bugaragaza ko rutari urwo gukoresha ku giti cye, ahubwo icyo rwari rugiye gukoreshwa ari ukurukwirakwiza mu baturage. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2. Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 263, yahinduwe n’ingingo ya 11 y’Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019, ingingo ya 11. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA00052/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha v. Uwiringiye Franco, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/07/2022. RPAA00408/2020/CA, Ubushinjacyaha v. Niyitegeka Augustin alias Niyirema rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/06/2022. RPA00060/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha v. Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022.

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Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 09/04/2020, Umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa w’akagali ka Nyaruka yafatiye Manizabayo Gilbert Alias Nkurunziza Jean Pierre mu gasanteri ka Maya afite udupfunyika 128 tw’urumogi na mililitiro 700 za kanyanga abikuye ku mupaka wa Uganda ahitwa Kesiyona, amushyikiriza inzego z’umutekano, kugira ngo akurikiranwe. [2] Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwamuregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi, bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, busaba ko cyamuhama, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya miliyoni makumyabiri y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda (20.000.000Frw). [3] Manizabayo Gilbert Alias Nkurunziza Jean Pierre yaburanye yemera icyaha agisabira imbabazi, avuga ko yabitewe n’uko yari amaze igihe adafite akazi. [4] Mu rubanza RP00259/2020/TGI/GIC rwaciwe ku wa 28/05/2020, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi rwasanze hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko yakoze icyaha aregwa ari byo: kuba Manizabayo Gilbert Alias Nkurunziza Jean Pierre yemera icyaha n’imvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinja. Urukiko rushingiye kuri ibyo bimenyetso rwemeje ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni makumyabiri y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda (20.000.000Frw). [5] Manizabayo Gilbert Alias Nkurunziza Jean Pierre ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urwo rubanza, ajurira mu Rukiko Rukuru, avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwamuhanishije igihano kinini kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha, agaragaza ko ibiyobyabwenge yafatanwe byari ibyo kunywa bitari ibyo gucuruza. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Manizabayo Gilbert yaburanye yemera icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge, ko rero inyito y’icyaha itahinduka. [6] Mu rubanza RPA00700/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 23/01/2023, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze n’ubwo yageze mu bujurire agahakana ko atigeze atunda ibiyobyabwenge, ariko hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zari gutuma Urukiko Rwisumbuye rumugabanyiriza igihano zirimo kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe n’inzego z’ubutabera. Urukiko rushingiye ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza RPA00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha, Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be no ku biteganwa n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rumugabanyiriza igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). [7] Manizabayo Gilbert Alias Nkurunziza Jean Pierre, yajuririye imikirize y’urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa RPAA 00099/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku itariki ya 02/12/2024, Manizabayo Gilbert Alias Nkurunziza Jean Pierre yunganiwe na Me Rutaganira Alexandre, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Bunyoye Grȃce, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [8] Mu mwanzuro w’ubujurire, Manizabayo Gilbert Alias Nkurunziza Jean Pierre avuga ko yahanishijwe igihano kiremereye kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi, akaba atarigeze akurikiranwa mu nkiko ku buryo buzwi, ko izi mpamvu zari gushingirwaho nk’inyoroshyacyaha akagabanyirizwa igihano. Imbere y’urukiko Manizabayo n’umwunganira bavuga ko kanyanga n’urumogi yafatanwe byari ibyo kwinywera, ko yagiye ajurira asaba ko inyito y’icyaha yahinduka kuko ibikorwa aregwa kandi yemera yakoze incuro imwe bitagize icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge ahubwo bigize icyo kubifatanwa akwiye kuba ahanirwa.

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[9] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Manizabayo Gilbert Alias Nkurunziza Jean Pierre n’ubwo asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano, ariko yagabanyirijwe bihagije ahabwa igihano gikwiranye n’icyaha yakoze, akaba atakongera kugabanyirizwa. Anavuga ko ku birebana no guhindura inyito y’icyaha basaba nta shingiro byahabwa, kuko icyaha yakoze ari ugutunda urumogi, ndetse akaba yaravuze uwarumutumye, uwo yari kuruzanira naho yari kurukura. [10] Urukiko ruhereye kuri izo mpaka, rurasanga ikibazo gisuzumwa muri uru rubanza ari icyo kumenya niba inyito y’icyaha yahinduka Manizabayo Gilbert alias Nkurunziza Jean Pierre agahabwa ibihano biteganyirijwe icyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA 1. Kumenya niba inyito y’icyaha yahinduka Manizabayo Gilbert alias Nkurunziza Jean Pierre agahabwa ibihano biteganyirijwe icyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge [11] Manizabayo Gilbert Alias Nkurunziza Jean Pierre n’umwunganira basaba ko ko inyito y’icyaha yahamijwe yasuzumwa kuko ibikorwa aregwa kandi yemera bitagize icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge ahubwo bigize icyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge kuko kanyanga yafatanwe yari iyo kunywa naho urumogi rwo akaba yari urubitse mu gihe yari ategereje kumenya icyo azarukoresha, ko yajyaga anarunywa, bikaba rero bitari kwitwa gutunda ibiyobyabwenge kuko byari kwitwa gutyo iyaba yari abikoze inshuro nyinshi. Asoza asaba ko mu gihe inyito y’icyaha yahinduka byagira n’ingaruka ku gihano, agahabwa ibijyanye n’icyaha cyo gufatanwa urumogi. [12] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibisabwa na Manizabayo Gilbert Alias Nkurunziza Jean Pierre n’umwunganira ko inyito y’icyaha yahinduka, nta shingiro byahabwa, ko icyaha yakoze ari icyo gutunda urumogi kuko yavuze uwarumutumye, uwo yari kuruzanira naho yari arukuye, ko ibyo bavuga ko gutunda bisaba kuba byakozwe kenshi batagaragaza aho babishingira, ko kandi hanarebwe ingano y’urumogi yafatanwe rutaba ari urwo kwikoreshereza. Yanasabye ko atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko icyo yahawe gikwiranye n’icyaha yakoze cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [13] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba inyito y’icyaha Manizabayo Gilbert Alias Nkurunziza Jean Pierre yahamijwe yahinduka agahanirwa icyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge aho kuba icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge. [14] Ibirebana n’ibikorwa byerekeranye n’ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo byasobanuwe mu rubanza RPAA00408/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/06/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Niyitegeka Augustin alias Niyirema1. Muri urwo rubanza, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwasobanuye ko amagambo arebana no gufatanwa avugwa mu gika cya mbere cy’ingingo ya 263 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange yahinduwe n’ingingo ya 11 y’Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/20192, no gukora, guhinga, guhindura, gutunda, kubika avugwa mu gika cya 3 cy’iyo ngingo3 agomba kumvikana hakurikijwe ingano y’ibiyobyabwenge

1Reba urubanza RPAA00408/2020/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/06/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Niyitegeka Augustin alias Niyirema, igika cya 14-18. 2Igika cya gatatu, agace 1o cy’iyo ngingo, kigateganya ko umuntu wese ukora, uhinga, uhindura, utunda, ubika, uha undi, ugurisha mu gihugu ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, aba akoze icyaha, naho agace ka 1° kacyo kagateganya ko iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda arenze miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw) ariko atarenze miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000Frw) ku byerekeye ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye. 3 Ingingo ya 263, igika cya mbere n’icya kabiri, y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange yahinduwe n’ingingo ya 11 y’Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 iteganya ko umuntu wese ufatanwa, urya,

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n’ikigiye gukoreshwa ibiyobyabwenge uregwa yafatanwe, yakoze, yahinze, yahinduye, yatunze, yabitse, maze byagaragara ko kuri buri gikorwa muri ibyo ikigamijwe ari ukubikoresha ku giti cye, uregwa agahabwa ibihano bito bivugwa mu gika cya kabiri cy’iyo ngingo, ariko byagaragara ko ingano y’ibiyobyabwenge yafatanwe ari nini bikaba byashingirwaho hemezwa ko atari ibyo gukoresha ku giti cye, ahubwo ikigamijwe ari ugucuruza cyangwa gukwirakwiza ibiyobyabwenge, uregwa agahabwa igihano kiremereye kivugwa mu gika cya gatatu cy’iyo ngingo yavuzwe. [15] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko Manizabayo Gilbert Alias Nkurunziza Jean Pierre yafatiwe mu gasantere ka Maya ku wa 09/04/2020, afite udupfunyika 128 tw’urumogi na 700 ml za kanyanga abikuye ahitwa Kesiyona ku mupaka wa Uganda n’u Rwanda; abazwa mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha yemeye ko yafatanwe kanyanga n’urumogi avuga ko yari abikuye ku mupaka abiguze n’uwitwa Lucky, agafatwa abishyiriye uwitwa Patrick wari wabimutumye. [16] Aburana ku rwego rwa mbere, Manizabayo Gilbert Alias Nkurunziza Jean Pierre yaburanye asaba imbabazi, avuga ko ari umugande bahuye, amuhuza na mugenzi we wamuhaye amafaranga ibihumbi cumi na bitanu (15.000Frw) ngo agende amuzanire ibintu, ko ari bumuhembe amafaranga ibihumbi bitatu (3000), ajyayo amuha “envelope” ariko atari yamenye ko ibirimo. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu ingana n’amafaranga miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw). [17] Manizabayo Gilbert Alias Nkurunziza Jean Pierre yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru anenga ko yahamijwe icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge kandi ibyo yafatanwe byari ibyo kunywa yari akuye mu gihugu cya Uganda, asaba ko yahanirwa kunywa ibiyobyabwenge. Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite kuko hari ibimenyetso birimo imvugo ze aho avuga ko hari umugande wamusabye ko ibyo biyobyabwenge abijyanira undi muntu yamuhuje nawe, kandi ko ibyo yabihemberwaga, iz’umutangabuhamya wamufashe no kuba yarasinye ku nyandikomvugo y’ifatira ry’ibiyobyabwenge, bigaragaza ko icyaha yakoze ari icyo gutunda urumogi. [18] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rusanga ibyo Manizabayo Gilbert Alias Nkurunziza Jean Pierre yongera gusaba ko inyinto y’icyaha yahamijwe yahinduka, agahanirwa gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge nta shingiro bifite, kuko, nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru rwabibonye, yemera ko yafatanwe kanyanga 700 ml n’urumogi rungana n’udupfunyika 128 yari avanye Kesiyona ku mupaka w’u Rwanda na Uganda abihawe n’uwitwa Lucky ngo abishyire Patrick wari wamutumye kubimuzanira, akamuhemba amafaranga ibihumbi bitatu (3.000Frw) ariko agafatirwa mu gasantere ka Maya ataramugeraho. Iki gikorwa kikaba kigize icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge, kuko yabivanaga ku mupaka, abizana mu Rwanda4. Nk’uko kandi byasobanuwe mu murongo wibukijwe haruguru, ubwinshi bw’urumogi yafatanwe bugaragaza ko rutari urwo gukoresha ku giti cye, ahubwo icyo rwari rugiye gukoreshwa ari ukurukwirakwiza mu baturage. Naho ibyo bavuga ko bitakwitwa gutunda kuko atari abikoze incuro nyinshi, bakaba ntaho babishingira. [19] Uru rukiko rusanga rero kuba inyito y’icyaha idahindutse, nta ngaruka bigomba kugira ku gihano Manizabayo Gilbert alias Nkurunziza Jean Pierre yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru kuko yagabanyirijwe igihano ku buryo buhagije, kuko n’ubwo yageze nyuma agahakana icyaha, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zishingiye ku kuba yaremeye icyaha mu nzego z’iperereza no mu iburanisha ry’urubanza ku rwego rwa mbere, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw) kubera guhamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge5, kandi nk’uko

unywa, witera, uhumeka cyangwa wisiga mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo, aba akoze icyaha. Igika cyayo cya kabiri giteganya ko umuntu wese uhamijwe n’urukiko gukora ibikorwa bivugwa mu gika cya mbere cy’iyi ngingo, ahanishwa igifungo kitari munsi y’umwaka umwe (1) ariko kitarenze imyaka ibiri (2) cyangwa imirimo y’inyungu rusange. 4Reba ibyasobanuwe mu rubanza RPAA00052/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha n’Uwiringiye Franco rwaciwe ku wa 29/07/2022. 5Reba igika cya 22 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa.

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biteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange; ibyo bihano akaba ari byo bito bishoboka gutangwa mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha6. [20] Hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rusanga ubujurire bwa Manizabayo Gilbert Alias Nkurunziza Jean Pierre nta shingiro bufite, bityo Urubanza n’Urukiko Rukuru RPA00700/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 23/01/2023 rukaba rugomba kugumana agaciro mu ngingo zarwo zose. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [21] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Manizabayo Gilbert Alias Nkurunziza Jean Pierre nta shingiro bufite. [22] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA00700/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 21/01/2023 idahindutse. [23] Rwemeje ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw) yahanishijwe kidahindutse. [24] Rutegetse ko asonerwa gutanga amafaranga y’amagarama y’urubanza kubera ko aburana afunzwe.

6Ingingo ya 2 (a), (d), y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko “iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano, ko igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). Igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe.