MANUMETAL LTD v. TEDMER INT TRADE CO LTD

# MANUMETAL LTD v. TEDMER INT TRADE CO LTD

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2022-07-22 - Case/document no.: RCOMAA 00058/2022/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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MANUMETAL LTD v. TEDMER INT TRADE CO LTD [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RCOMAA 00058/2022/CA (Ngagi, P.J.) 22 Nyakanga 2022] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza – Ubujurire bwa Kabiri – Ifatira ry’umutungo w’urimo umwenda – Ikirego cyihutirwa – Ikirego cyihutirwa ni ikirego gishamikiye ku kirego cy’iremezo. Bene icyo kirego kijuririrwa inshuro imwe gusa ariko urubanza rushingiye ku ifatira ryakozwe n’Umuhesha w’inkiko abisabwe n’uberewemo umwenda ushingiye ku gikorwa cy’ubucuruzi, rusaba Urukiko kwemeza umwenda ni ibirego bisanzwe ariko biburanishwa mu buryo bw’ikirego cyihutirwa, bikaba bishobora kujuririrwa inshuro irenze imwe. Incamake y’ikibazo: MANUMETAL Ltd yareze TEDMER INT TRADE CO Ltd mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi mu buryo bw’ikirego cyihutirwa, ishingiye ku kuba ikirego gisaba kwemeza umwenda kigomba kutangwa mu gihe kitarenze amasaha 48, kandi kikaburanishwa mu buryo bw’ibirego byihutirwa, isaba Urukiko kwemeza umwenda w’ubukode bw’amazu yayo ungana na 97.526 USD iyibereyemo, inarusaba kwemeza ko igenerwa indishyi zo kwica amasezerano n’iz’ikurikiranarubanza. Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko TEDMER INT CO Ltd ibereyemo MANUMETAL Ltd umwenda w’ubukode bw’inzu yayo yakoreragamo ungana na 97,526 USD ikaba igomba kuwishyura, Rutegeka TEDMER INT CO Ltd kwishyura MANUMETAL Ltd umwenda w’ubukode bw’inzu atishyuye n’indishyi mbonezamusaruro, byose bihwanye na 129.709,58 USD. TEDMER INT TRADE CO Ltd yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ivuga ko ikirego cyatanzwe na MANUMETAL Ltd kitagombaga kwakirwa, ko Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rutagombaga kwemeza umwenda ngo runayice inyungu n’indishyi. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ikirego cya MANUMETAL Ltd kitagombaga kwakirwa n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, ko icyemezo cy’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi cyajuririwe giteshejwe agaciro. MANUMETAL Ltd yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire ivugako ukutakirirwa ikirego cyayo byatewe n’uburiganya bwa TEDMER INT TRADE CO Ltd yakuye amafaranga kuri konti yayo kandi yarafatiriwe ku buryo bukurikije amategeko, Uregwa yatanze inzitizi y’iburabubasha ry’urukiko rw’ubujurire akavugako MANUMETAL Ltd ishingira ububasha bw’urukiko ku ngano y’amafaranga gusa, nyamara ubwayo kuva ku rwego rwa mbere igaragaza ko ikirego yatanze ari ikirego cyihutirwa, ibi birego bikaba bijuririrwa inshuro imwe gusa ari yo yakorewe mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, bibaka rero bivuze ko Urukiko rw’Ubujurire nta bubasha rufite bwo kuburanisha ubujurire bwatanzwe na MANUMETAL Ltd. Ku byerekeranye n’iyi nzitizi uwajuriye avugako nubwo urubanza rujuririrwa rwaburanishijwe nk’ikirego cyihutirwa, kuko ari ko amategeko abiteganya ko biburanishwa mu buryo bwihuse ariko atari ikirego cyihutirwa kuko nta kindi kirego cy’iremezo gishamikiyeho, ko rero gishobora kujuririrwa inshuro irenze imwe.

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Incamake y’icyemezo: Ikirego cyihutirwa ni ikirego gishamikiye ku kirego cy’iremezo. Bene icyo kirego kijuririrwa inshuro imwe gusa ariko urubanza rushingiye ku ifatira ryakozwe n’Umuhesha w’inkiko abisabwe n’uberewemo umwenda ushingiye ku gikorwa cy’ubucuruzi, rusaba Urukiko kwemeza umwenda ni ibirego bisanzwe ariko biburanishwa mu buryo bw’ikirego cyihutirwa, bikaba bishobora kujuririrwa inshuro irenze imwe. Inzitizi y’iburaburasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire nta shingiro ifite. Amagarama ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza. Amategeko yifashishijwe: Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 185 igika cy 1, n’iya 232 igika cya 1. Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RCOMAA 00012/2019/CA; NZITONDA Kiyengo vs COGEBANQUE Ltd, HIGIRO Martin, Umwanditsi Mukuru muri RDB na GASHEMA Félicien, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 09/12/2019. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] TEDMER INT TRADE CO Ltd yari isanzwe ikodesha inyubako za MANUMETAL Ltd, hanyuma MANUMETAL Ltd iza kuyituma ibicuruzwa hanze y’igihugu, ariko muri uko kuyituma haza kuzamo ikibazo bituma impande zombi zitabaza Urwego rw’Ubukemurampaka, maze ku wa 29/06/2017, urwo Rwego rutegeka MANUMETAL Ltd kugira amafaranga yishyura TEDMER INT TRADE CO Ltd. Impande zombi zaje kwicara zihitamo kwikiranura kuri icyo cyemezo. Aho kucyubahiriza uko giteye, ku wa 16/3/2018 zigirana amasezerano yo kwikiranura yiswe Settlement Agreement. Muri ayo masezerano, MANUMETAL Ltd yagombaga kwishyura TEDMER TRADE CO Ltd 150.000 USD, naho TEDMER TRADE CO Ltd igakomeza kuguma mu nzu ya MANUMETAL Ltd itishyura, ariko guhera muri Mata 2020, igatangira kwishyura 4.433 USD ku kwezi nk’uko bigaragara mu ngingo ya 4 y’ayo masezerano. Ayo masezerano yo kwikiranura nayo yaje kuzamo ibibazo, kuko aho kuyubahiriza TEDMER TRADE CO Ltd yakomeje kurangiza icyemezo cy’Ubukemurampaka. [2] Mu rubanza RCOMAA 00097/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, aho MANUMETAL Ltd yasabaga Urukiko kwemeza ko amasezerano yo ku wa 16/3/2018 yabaye hagati yayo na TEDMER INT TRADE CO Ltd yateshejwe agaciro no gukomeza kubahiriza ibikubiye mu manza RCOMA 00506/2017/CHC/HCC n’icyemezo cy’abakemurampaka KIAC CASE Nº 20162017/43 cyo ku wa 29/6/2017, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 19/11/2021, rwemeje ko ayo masezerano yo kwikiranura akomeza gukurikizwa, runategeka MANUMETAL Ltd kwishyura TEDMER INT TRADE CO Ltd 1.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza no kuyisubiza 70.000 Frw y’ingwate y’amagarama.

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[3] TEDMER INT TRADE CO Ltd ishingiye kuri urwo rubanza yatangiye kwishyuza MANUMETAL Ltd 150.000 USD avugwa mu masezerano yo ku wa 16/3/2018, MANUMETAL Ltd na yo ikayisaba ko iyishyura ivanyemo amafaranga y’ubukode angana n’amezi 22 imaze ikodesha amazu yayo yanga kwishyura, umwenda ukaba ugeze kuri 4433 USD/ukwezi X amezi 22 = 97.526 USD, ariko ko TEDMER TRADE CO Ltd yatambamiye imitungo yayo, ikaba ibyitwaza ishaka ko iyishyura 150.000 USD yose uko angana hatabanje kuvanwamo ayo iyigomba. MANUMETAL Ltd yaje kwemera kwishyura ayo madolari, ariko kugira ngo itazabura ubwishyu, kubera ko abanyamigabane bari abanyamahanga bashobora kwigendera igihe icyo ari cyo cyose, ishingiye ku ngingo ya 231 no ku ya 232 z’Itegeko nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegtsi, yahise ifatira ayo madolari nk’uko bigaragazwa n’inyandiko y’ifatira y’Umuhesha w’inkiko. [4] MANUMETAL Ltd yareze TEDMER INT TRADE CO Ltd mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi mu buryo bw’ikirego cyihutirwa, ishingiye ku kuba ikirego gisaba kwemeza umwenda kigomba kutangwa mu gihe kitarenze amasaha 48, kandi kikaburanishwa mu buryo bw’ibirego byihutirwa, isaba Urukiko kwemeza umwenda w’ubukode bw’amazu yayo ungana na 97.526 USD iyibereyemo, inarusaba kwemeza ko igenerwa indishyi zo kwica amasezerano n’iz’ikurikiranarubanza. [5] Mu rubanza RCOM 00283/2022/TC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 09/03/2022, urwo Rukiko rwemeje ko ifatira ryakozwe n’Umuhesha w’inkiko rihindutse ifatirabwishyu, ko TEDMER INT CO Ltd ibereyemo MANUMETAL Ltd umwenda w’ubukode bw’inzu yayo yakoreragamo ungana na 97,526 USD ikaba igomba kuwishyura, ko kandi TEDMER INT CO Ltd iha MANUMETAL Ltd 32.183.53 USD y’indishyi mbonezamusaruro zo kwica amasezerano n’ubukererwe, ikanayiha 900.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza, igarama n’igihembo cya Avoka. Rutegeka TEDMER INT CO Ltd kwishyura MANUMETAL Ltd umwenda w’ubukode bw’inzu atishyuye n’indishyi mbonezamusaruro, byose bihwanye na 129.709,58 USD ; runayitegeka guha MANUMETAL Ltd 900.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza, igarama n’igihembo cya Avoka. [6] TEDMER INT TRADE CO Ltd yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ivuga ko ikirego cyatanzwe na MANUMETAL Ltd kitagombaga kwakirwa, ko Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rutagombaga kwemeza umwenda ngo runayice inyungu n’indishyi, isaba indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka kuri buri rwego. [7] Ku wa 31/03/2022, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwaciye urubanza RCOMA 00201/2022/HCC rwemeza ko ikirego cya MANUMETAL Ltd kitagombaga kwakirwa n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, ko icyemezo cy’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi mu rubanza RCOM 00283/2022/TC rwajuririwe giteshejwe agaciro. Rutegeka MANUMETAL Ltd kwishyura TEDMER INT TRADE CO Ltd 1.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza yo ku rwego rwa mbere no ku rwego rw’ubujurire. [8] MANUMETAL Ltd yajuririye uru Rukiko ivuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi mu kwemeza ko ikirego cyayo kitagombaga kwakirwa ku rwego rwa mbere rwashingiye ku buriganya bwakozwe na TEDMER INT TRADE CO Ltd yakuye amafaranga kuri konti yayo kandi yafatiriwe, ko basanga ibyo bitari kuba impamvu ituma ikirego cyayo kitakirwa mu gihe

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ifatira ryari ryakozwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, ko kandi rwageneye TEDMER INT TRADE CO Ltd amafaranga y’ibyagiye ku rubanza rwirengagije ko ari yo yayihemukiye, isaba ibyo yatakaje mu rubanza, ubujurire bwayo bwandikwa kuri RCOMAA 00058/2022/CA. [9] Urubanza rwahamagajwe ku wa 06/07/2022, kuri uwo munsi ntirwaburanishwa kubera ko Me Niyomugabo Christophe, uhagarariye MANUMETAL Ltd yari mu kiruhuko cy’uburwayi, rwimurirwa ku wa 12/07/2022. Uwo munsi urubanza ruburanishwa MANUMETAL Ltd ihagarariwe na Me Niyomugabo Christophe, naho TEDMER INT TRADE CO Ltd ihagarariwe na Me Muhirwa Ngabo Audace. Hemezwa ko inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire yatanzwe na TEDMER INT TRADE CO Ltd izasuzumirwa hamwe n’impamvu z’ubujurire za MANUMETAL Ltd. III. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO A. INZITIZI Y’IBURABUBASHA BW’URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE Kumenya niba ubujurire bwa MANUMETAL Ltd butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire [10] Uhagarariye TEDMER INT TRADE CO Ltd avuga ko ingingo ya 188, igika cya gatatu, y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko ubujurire bw’ibyemezo byafashwe ku birego byihutirwa bushyikirizwa urukiko rwisumbuyeho kandi bijuririrwa inshuro imwe gusa. Asobanura ko MANUMETAL Ltd ishingira ububasha bw’uru Rukiko ku ngano y’amafaranga gusa, nyamara ubwayo kuva ku rwego rwa mbere igaragaza ko ikirego yatanze ari ikirego cyihutirwa, ibi birego bikaba bijuririrwa inshuro imwe gusa ari yo yakorewe mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, bibaka rero bivuze ko Urukiko rw’Ubujurire nta bubasha rufite bwo kuburanisha ubujurire bwatanzwe na MANUMETAL Ltd. [11] Avuga kandi ko ibyo uhagarariye MANUMETAL Ltd avuga nta shingiro bifite hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 232, igika cya nyuma, y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, kuko ivuga ko bene ibyo birego biburanishwa mu buryo bw’ibirego byihutirwa, bivuze ko imihango yose ikorwa nk’iy’ikirego cyihutirwa, bikaba binahura n’ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 188 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru. [12] Uhagarariye MANUMETAL Ltd avuga ko inzitizi yatanzwe na TEDMER INT TRADE CO Ltd nta shingiro ifite kubera ko nubwo Umushingamategeko yateganyije ko bene ibi birego biburanishwa mu buryo bwihuta, ariko iki ikirego atari ikirego cyihutirwa (référé) kuko ikirego cyihutirwa kigomba kuba gifite ikirego cy’iremezo nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 185 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru. Asobanura ko nubwo urubanza rujuririrwa rwaburanishijwe nk’ikirego cyihutirwa, kuko ari ko amategeko abiteganya ko biburanishwa mu buryo bwihuse ariko atari ikirego cyihutirwa kuko nta kindi kirego cy’iremezo gishamikiyeho, ko rero gishobora kujuririrwa inshuro irenze imwe, ko ibyo bavuga bishimagirwa n’ibyemezo by’inkiko birimo urubanza RCOMAA 0031/2016/SC-RCOMAA 00036/16/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 06/04/2018, haburana BK Ltd na Habimana Védaste,

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kuko Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwemeje ko ruri mu bubasha bw’urwo Rukiko kubera agaciro k’ikiburanwa, n’urubanza RCAA 00005/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 10/09/2020. [13] Avuga kandi ko ingingo ya 52, igika cya 2, agace ka 8°, y’Itegeko N°30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, iteganya ko ″Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rufite kandi ububasha bwo kuburanisha mu rwego rw’ubujurire bwa kabiri imanza zaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi n’Urukiko Rukuru rwa Gisirikare, iyo izo manza: 8 (…) ⁰ zagenwemo n’urukiko indishyi zingana nibura na 75.000.000 Frw cyangwa zifite agaciro kagenwe n’umucamanza mu gihe habaye impaka kangana na 75.000.000 Frw″, avuga ko ubujurire bwa MANUMETAL Ltd buri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, kuko ikiburanwa gifite agaciro karengeje 75.000.000 Frw avugwa mu Itegeko, kuko yaregeye kwemeza umwenda ungana na 97.526 USD, ahwanye na 97.526,000 Frw y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda, uyabariye ku gipimo cy’ivunjisha ririho ubu. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [14] Ingingo ya 185, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya ibikurikira : “Iyo hari ikirego cy’iremezo, ariko hagomba kugira icyemezwa by’agateganyo mu buryo bwihuta ku rubanza rwaregewe urukiko rutaraburanishwa, ikirego cyihutirwa gishyikirizwa umucamanza ushinzwe kurangiza impaka zihutirwa w’aho zigomba gukemurirwa hakurikijwe uburyo busanzwe bw’ihamagara”. Ingingo ya 188, igika cya gatatu, y’iryo Tegeko iteganya ibikurikira : “Ubujurire bw’ibyemezo byafashwe ku birego byihutirwa bushyikirizwa, urukiko rwisumbuyeho kandi bijuririrwa inshuro imwe gusa”. [15] Ingingo ya 232, igika cya 1, y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru ivuga abantu bashobora gusaba Umuhesha w’inkiko gufatira ibintu by’umubereyemo umwenda, mu gika cya kabiri ikavuga mu gihe kitarenze amasaha 48, uberewemo umwenda agomba kuba yagejeje ikirego cy’iremezo mu rukiko rubifitiye ububasha kugirango hemezwe umwenda aberewemo. Igika cya gatatu cy’iyo ngingo giteganya ko Ifatira rivugwa mu gika cya 2 cy’iyi ngingo rigumaho, keretse iyo muri urwo rubanza uwafatiriwe asabye ko rivaho akabyemererwa n’urukiko. Urubanza rwa burundu ku kirego cy’iremezo rutuma ifatira rihinduka ifatirabwishyu iyo uwareze atsinze. Bene urwo rubanza ruburanishwa mu buryo bw’ibirego byihutirwa. [16] Urukiko rusomeye hamwe ingingo zavuzwe haruguru, rusanga zumvikanisha ko ikirego cyihutirwa ari ikirego gishamikiye ku kirego cy’iremezo, ko kandi bene icyo kirego kijuririrwa inshuro imwe gusa. Zumvikanisha kandi ko urubanza rushingiye ku ifatira ryakozwe n’Umuhesha w’inkiko abisabwe n’uberewemo umwenda ushingiye ku gikorwa cy’ubucuruzi, rusaba Urukiko kwemeza umwenda aberewemo ruburanishwa mu buryo bw’ibirego byihutirwa, bivuze ko ibyo birego atari ibirego byihutirwa bivugwa mu ngingo 185 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru kandi bijuririrwa inshuri imwe, ahubwo ni ibirego byihagije ariko biburanishwa mu buryo bw’ibirego byihutirwa. Mu yandi magambo ni ibirego bisanzwe ariko biburanishwa mu buryo bw’ikirego cyihutirwa, bikaba bishobora kujuririrwa inshuro irenze imwe.

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[17] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko MANUMETAL Ltd yatanze ikirego isaba Urukiko kwemeza ko TEDMER INT TRADE CO Ltd ibereyemo MANUMETAL Ltd umwenda wa 97.526 USD ukomoka ku bukode bw’inzu ya MANUMETAL Ltd ikodesha, no kwemeza ko wishyurwa ; indishyi zo kutubahiriza amasezerano ; igihembo cya Avoka, n’amafararanga y’ikurikiranurabanza. [18] Urukiko rurasanga nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, ikirego MANUMETAL Ltd yatanze kuva ku rwego rwa mbere atari ikirego cyihutirwa kijuririrwa inshuro imwe, ahubwo ni ikirego cyihagije kuko kidafite ikindi kirego cy’iremezo gishamikiyeho, kikaba rero gishobora kujuririrwa bwa kabiri. Ibi binahura n’ibyo uru Rukiko rwasobanuye mu rubanza RCOMAA 00012/2019/CA rwa Nzitonda Kiyengo na COGEBANQUE Ltd n’abandi aho rwemeje ko mu gihe ikirego gisaba guhagarika cyangwa gutesha agaciro cyamunara muri kamere yacyo atari ikirego cyihutirwa kuko nta kindi kirego gishamikiyeho, ahubwo ari ikirego cyihagije kiregerwa kandi kikaburanishwa mu bihe byashyiriweho ibirego byihutirwa nta kibuza ko gikorerwa ubujurire bwa kabiri1. Urukiko rurasanga rero inzitizi yatanzwe na TEDMER INT TRADE CO Ltd nta shingiro ifite. [19] Urukiko rurasanga nyuma yo gusanga inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko yatanzwe na TEDMER INT TRADE CO Ltd nta shingiro ifite hagomba gusuzumwa ubujurire bwatanzwe na MANUMETAL Ltd. B. UBUJURIRE BWA MANUMETAL Ltd 1. Gusuzuma niba hari amakosa Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwakoze kwemeza ko ikirego cya MANUMETAL Ltd kitagombaga kwakirwa [20] Uhagarariye MANUMETAL Ltd avuga ko mu gika cya 21 kugeza ku cya 23 by’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeje ko ikirego cyayo kitagombaga kwakirwa rushingiye ku buriganya bwa TEDMER INT TRADE CO Ltd yabikuje amafaranga yafatiriwe, ko basanga rero ibyo bitari kuba impamvu ituma ikirego cyayo kitakirwa mu gihe ifatira ryari ryakozwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. Asobanura ko basanga ibyo Urukiko rwakoze ari ugushyigikira uburiganya bwa TEDMER INT TRADE CoLtd na KCB BANK RWANDA Plc kuko ifatira ryakozwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko cyane ko MANUMETAL Ltd yishyuye 154.000.000 Frw kuri iyo konti igahita inayafatira, ko kuba TEDMER INT TRADE Co Ltd cyangwa se SELAHATTIN baragiranye uburiganya na KCB BANK RWANDA Plc bagakuraho ayo mafaranga kandi yari yafatiriwe bitagombaga gutuma ikirego cya MANUMETAL Ltd kitakirwa mu gihe ifatira ryabaye mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, ko ahubwo niba ayo mafaranga yarakuweho, ibyo byazaryozwa Banki yemeye ko ayo mafaranga 1 Reba igika cya 15 n’icya 16 by’urubanza No RCOMAA 00012/2019/CA, NZITONDA Kiyengo aburanamo na COGEBANQUE Ltd, HIGIRO Martin, Umwanditsi Mukuru muri RDB na GASHEMA Félicien, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 09/12/2019.

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akurwaho kandi yafatiriwe ariko uburiganya bwakozwe na TEDMER INT TRADE CO Ltd na KCB BANK RWANDA Plc budahawe umugisha n’urukiko. [21] Avuga kandi ko basanga yaba ari na precedent mbi cyane kuko ifatira ntacyo ryazaba rikimaze mu gihe Banki n’uwafatiriwe biyumvikaniye bagakuraho amafaranga yafatiriwe, ubundi uwafatiriye akabihomberamo, ko basanga rero ntacyo byakwica ku kirego kuko mu gihe Umucamanza yaba amaze kwemeza umwenda, ko ifatira rihinduka ifatirabwishyu, uwatwaye ayo mafaranga cyangwa se uwayakuyeho mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko yayaryozwa mu iyubahirizwa ry’icyo cyemezo, ko rero basanga Urukiko rutaragombaga kwemeza ko ikirego cya MANUMETAL Ltd kitagombaga kwakirwa, ko ahubwo cyari kwakirwa urukiko rugategeka ko ifatira ryakozwe rihinduka ifatirabwishyu, ayo mafaranga yabura KCB BANK RWANDA Plc yemeye ko agenda ikayishyura cyane cyane ko ingingo ya 232, igika cya 3, y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru ivuga ko iryo fatira rigumaho keretse iyo muri urwo rubanza uwafatiriwe asabye ko rivaho akabyemererwa n’urukiko. Asoza asaba Urukiko kwemeza ko ikirego cya MANUMETAL Ltd cyagombaga kwakirwa, rugakuraho icyemezo cy’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, urubanza rugasubizwa mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rukaburanishwa mu mizi. [22] Uhagarariye TEDMER INT TRADE Co Ltd avuga ko ubugiranya MANUMETAL Ltd ivuga itabasha kubugaragaza, ko yirengagiza ibiteganywa n’igika cya mbere cy’ingingo ya 231 y’itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryibukijwe haruguru, giteganya ko iyo ukodesha inzu, umurima cyangwa ibindi bintu yanze kwishyura ubukode, nyir’umutungo ukodeshwa ashobora gusaba Umuhesha w’inkiko gufatira ibintu byimukanwa, ibihingwa cyangwa ibindi biri muri uwo mutungo by’ukodesha ndetse n’ibyahakuwe atabyemeye, n’ibitegaywa mu gika cya mbere cy’ingingo ya 232 y’iryo Tegeko ko Umuntu wese: 1° ufite urwandiko rw’ubucuruzi rutegeka urimo umwenda kwishyura; 2° ufite urwandiko rw’amasezerano y’ubwishyu; 3° ufite sheki itazigamiwe ; 4° uberewemo umwenda ushingiye ku gikorwa cy’ubucuruzi; ashobora gusaba Umuhesha w’inkiko gufatira ibintu by’umubereyemo umwenda amaze kugenzura agaciro k’inyandiko zavuzwe haruguru no guhamya ko umwenda utishyuriwe. [23] Asobanura ko bitangaje kuba MANUMETAL Ltd yaratanze ikirego ku rwego rwa mbere ivuga ko cyihutirwa kandi gishingiye ku ngingo z’amategeko zavuzwe haruguru, nyamara akagaragaza ko imitungo yafatiriye, atari iya TEDMER INT TRADE Co Ltd ahubwo ari konti y’umuntu ku giti cye witwa SELAHATTIN KARA, ko ibyo bivuze ko ingigo z’amategeko zavuzwe haruguru zitubahirijwe, ari yo mpamvu Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeje ko iki kirego kitagombaga kwakirwa. Avuga ko nta buriganya bwabayeho, kuko MANUMETAL Ltd ubwayo yiyemerera ko uwafatiriwe konti, atandukanye n’uwarezwe mu rubanza, bikaba rero bitashoboka ko Urukiko rutegeka ko ifatira ryakozwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, rishobora guhinduka ifatirabwishyu cyane ko ryakorewe ku mutungo utari uwa TEDMER INT TRADE Co Ltd. [24] Avuga kandi ko kuba TEDMER INT TRADE Co Ltd. Yarigeze gusaba ko ubwishyu bw’abagombaga kuyishyura bunyuzwa kuri konti runaka, bidahita bivuga ko ibiri kuri iyo konti ari ibyayo, cyane ko byari ikibazo cy’imikoranire yayo na nyiri iyo konti kandi kikaba cyararangiye, na cyane ko urega atagaragaza ko amafaranga yari yasabwe kunyuzaho yaba yarayanyujijeho koko. Kubera izo mpamvu rero, basanga nta kosa na rito Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwakoze, icyemezo rwafashe kikaba gikwiye kugumana agaciro kacyo.

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UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [25] Ingingo ya 232 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ibikurikira: “Umuntu wese: 1° ufite urwandiko rw’ubucuruzi rutegeka urimo umwenda kwishyura; 2° ufite urwandiko rw’amasezerano y’ubwishyu; 3° ufite sheki itazigamiwe; 4° uberewemo umwenda ushingiye ku gikorwa cy’ubucuruzi; ashobora gusaba umuhesha w’inkiko gufatira ibintu by’umubereyemo umwenda amaze kugenzura agaciro k’inyandiko zavuzwe haruguru no guhamya ko umwenda utishyuriwe”. Igika cya kabiri cy’iyo ngingo, giteganya ko mu gihe kitarenze amasaha mirongo ine n’umunani (48), uberewemo umwenda agomba kandi kuba yagejeje ikirego cy’iremezo mu rukiko rubifitiye ububasha kugirango hemezwe umwenda aberewemo. Naho igika cya gatatu cy’iyo ngingo iteganya ko ifatira rivugwa mu gika cya 2 cy’iyi ngingo rigumaho, keretse iyo muri urwo rubanza uwafatiriwe asabye ko rivaho akabyemererwa n’urukiko. Urubanza rwa burundu ku kirego cy’iremezo rutuma ifatira rihinduka ifatirabwishyu iyo uwareze atsinze. Bene urwo rubanza ruburanishwa mu buryo bw’ibirego byihutirwa. [26] Ingingo ya 231, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru iteganya ibikurikira : “Iyo ukodesha inzu, umurima cyangwa ibindi bintu yanze kwishyura ubukode, nyir’umutungo ukodeshwa ashobora gusaba umuhesha w’inkiko gufatira ibintu byimukanwa, ibihingwa cyangwa ibindi biri muri uwo mutungo by’ukodesha ndetse n’ibyahakuwe atabyemeye”. [27] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza inyandiko yandikiwe Umuyobozi Mukuru wa KCB BANK RWANDA Plc yo ku wa 21/02/2022, ifite impamvu ikurikira : “Gufatira amafaranga angana na 93.093 USD ari kuri konti nomero 4491126372 ya SELAHATTIN KARA”. Igaragaza kandi historique ya konti 4491126372 ya SELAHATTIN KARA yatanzwe na KCB BANK RWANDA Plc, ikaba igaragaza ko ku wa 21/02/2022, konti 4491126372 ya SELAHATTIN KARA yashyizweho 154.050.000 Frw, ariko uwo munsi SELAHATTIN KARA abikuza 154.045.000 Frw, konti isigaraho 3.500 Frw. [28] Imikirize y’urubanza rujuririrwa igaragaza ko ikirego cyatanzwe na MANUMETAL Ltd gishingiye ku ifatira ry’amafaranga ivuga ko yari imaze kwishyura. Ibi bikaba bigaragaza ko gishingiye ku ngingo ya 232 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryibukijwe haruguru, ko rero kidashingiye ku ngingo ya 231 y’iryo Tegeko, kuko ikirego gishingiye kuri iyi ngingo gitangwa ari uko habanje gufatirwa ibintu byimukanwa cyangwa ibindi bintu biri muri ya nzu ikodeshwa, ko rero Urukiko rutari kwakira ikirego cya MANUMETAL Ltd rushingiye kuri iyi ngingo yashingiweho na MANUMETAL Ltd igitanga. [29] Urukiko rurasanga ifatira ryakozwe n’Umuhesha w’inkiko ku wa 21/02/2022, kuri konti nomero 4491126372 ya SELAHATTIN KARA ryari rigamije kugira ngo rizahinduke ifatirabwishyu maze ibyafatiriwe bivemo ubwishyu bwa MANUMETAL Ltd. [30] Nk’uko byemejwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi mu rubanza rujuririrwa, ku wa 21/02/2022, kuri konti no 4491126372 ya SELAHATTIN KARA hashyizweho 154.050.000 Frw, ariko uwo munsi SELAHATTIN KARA ahita ayabikuza, ifatira ry’ayo mafaranga naryo rikorwa uwo munsi, Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rukaba rutaragombaga kwakira ikirego cyatanzwe na

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MANUMETAL Ltd kuko icyo cyari kigamije ari ukugira ngo Urukiko nirwemeza umwenda, ifatira ryakozwe n’Umuhesha w’inkiko rizahinduke ifatirabwishyu maze ibyafatiriwe bivemo ubwishyu bwa MANUMETAL Ltd, bikaba rero bitari gushoboka mu gihe icyafatiriwe kitari kigihari, cyane ko n’uhagarariye MANUMETAL Ltd yiyemereye mu rubanza rujuririrwa ko icyafatiriwe ari amafaranga ari kuri konti, ko hatafatiriwe konti Nº 4491126372 ya SELAHATTIN KARA. [31] Urukiko rurasanga konti yafatiriwe ifite nomero 4491126372 ari iya SELAHATTIN KARA nk’uko bigaragazwa n’inyandiko y’ifatira y’Umuhesha w’inkiko yo ku wa 21/02/2022 na historique y’iyo konti, Urukiko rurasanga rero bitumvikana ukuntu ifatira ryakozwe ku mutungo utari uwa TEDMER INT TRADE CO Ltd ryari guhinduka ifatirabwishyu ry’umwenda MANUMETAL Ltd ivuga ko iyibereyemo, bityo nta kosa Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwakoze kwemeza ko ikirego cya MANUMETAL Ltd kitagombaga kwakirwa ku rwego rwa mbere. [32] Ku byo uhagarariye MANUMETAL Ltd avuga ko kubikuza amafaranga yafatiriwe byakozwe mu buriganya bwa TEDMER INT TRADE CO Ltd bitari kuba impamvu ituma ikirego cyayo kitakirwa mu gihe ifatira ryari ryakozwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, ko ahubwo niba ayo mafaranga yarakuweho, ibyo byari kuryozwa Banki yemeye ko ayo mafaranga akurwaho kandi yafatiriwe, Urukiko rurasanga nta shingiro bifite, kuko usibye kuvuga gusa ko habayeho uburiganya mu kubikuza ayo mafaranga, ariko nta agaragaza uburiganya bwakozwe na TEDMER INT TRADE CO Ltd kugira ngo SELAHATTIN KARA abikuze kuri konti ye ifite no 4491126372 amafaranga yari yashyizweho ku wa 21/02/2022, cyane ko SELAHATTIN KARA na TEDMER INT TRADE CO Ltd ari abantu babiri batandukanye. Nk’uko kandi byasobanuwe haruguru nta kosa Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwakoze kuko bitumvikana ukuntu Urukiko rwari kwemeza ko ifatira ryakozwe n’Umuhesha w’inkiko rihinduka ifatirabwishyu kandi amafaranga yafatiriwe ntayo atari akiri kuri iyo konti. 2. Gusuzuma niba hari amakosa Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwakoze kugenera TEDMER INT TRADE Co Ltd indishyi z’ibyagiye ku rubanza [33] Uhagarariye MANUMETAL Ltd avuga ko MANUMETAL Ltd itagombaga gucibwa indishyi kuko ikirego cyayo cyagombaga kwakirwa, agasaba ko indishyi yaciwe zikurwaho. Asobanura ko MANUMETAL Ltd yishyuye TEDMER INT TRADE CO Ltd 154.000.000 Frw ihita ifatira konti iyashyizeho kugira ngo irebe ko yayishyura 97.526 USD yari iyirimo kuko yari yanze ko bishyurana (compensation) ngo MANUMETAL Ltd ibahe asigaye kuyo yishyuzaga, ko ibyo yabiterwaga ni uko hari imitungo MANUMETAL Ltd yashakaga kugurisha kandi TEDMER INT TRADE CO Ltd yarayishyizeho itambama (caveat), ikayikangisha ko niba itishyuye yose itavanaho itambama, biba ngombwa ko MANUMETAL Ltd yishyura yose ariko ihita ikora ifatira kugira ngo nayo izabone ubwishyu, ko kuba rero harabayeho iryo fatira hanyuma TEDMER INT TRADE CO Ltd ifatanyije na Banki bagaca inyuma bakarekura ayo mafaranga, ariko Urukiko ntirubone ubwo buriganya rukivugira ko ikirego kitari kwakirwa, basanga rwaragombaga gushishoza neza ntiruce indishyi MANUMETAL Ltd ku maherere, ko rero basaba ko izo ndishyi zikurwaho kuko ikirego cyayo cyaragombaga kwakirwa. [34] Uhagarariye TEDMER INT TRADE CO Ltd avuga ko ibyo uhagarariye MANUMETAL Ltd avuga ko yakorewe ubuhemu n’uregwa, nyamara akaba atagaragaza ikirego nshinjabyaya cyaba cyaratanzwe ngo TEDMER INT TRADE CO Ltd igikurikiranweho, basanga indishyi

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zatanzwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi zifite ishingiro, kuko zishingiye ku gihombo yatejwe na MANUMETAL Ltd, bityo zikaba zikwiye kugumaho. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [35] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, iteganya ibikurikira : “Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe”. [36] Urukiko rurasanga TEDMER INT TRADE CO Ltd yarashatse Avoka wo kuyiburanira, kuba rero Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwarasanze ikirego cyatanzwe MANUMETAL Ltd ku rwego rwa mbere kitaragombaga kwakirwa kandi n’uru Rukiko rukaba rusanga ari byo, rurasanga nta kosa rwakozwe rutegeka MANUMETAL ltd kwishyura TEDMER INT TRADE CO Ltd 1.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza yo kurwego rwa mbere no ku rwego rw’ubujurire kuko ari ingaruka z’uko ikirego cyayo kitagombaga kwakirwa, bityo iyi mpamvu y’ubujurire nta shingiro ifite. 3. Kumenya niba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa muri uru rubanza afite ishingiro [37] Uhagarariye MANUMETAL Ltd asaba Urukiko gutegeka TEDMER INT TRADE CO Ltd guha MANUMETAL Ltd 2.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka cyo ku rwego rwa mbere, 2.000.000 Frw yo ku rwego rw’ubujurire bwa mbere na 2.000.000 Frw yo kuri uru rwego, ndetse na 500.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza, no kuyisubiza igarama ryo ku rwego rwa mbere ringana na 20.000 Frw na 50.000 Frw y'igarama kuri uru rwego. [38] Uhagarariye TEDMER INT TRADE CO Ltd avuga ko kuba ibyo MANUMETAL Ltd isaba mu bujurire bwayo nta shingiro bifite, binavuze ko n’indishyi isaba itazihabwa kuko ari yo nyirabayazana w’izi manza, ikaba ikwiye kwirengera ingaruka zabyo. [39] Avuga kandi ko TEDMER INT TRADE CO Ltd yashowe mu manza z’amaherere, kubera iyo mpamvu ikaba isanga MANUMETAL Ltd ikwiye guhatirwa n’Urukiko kuyishyura 500.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza na 1.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cy’avoka mu gihe ubujurire bwayo buzaba butakiriwe cyangwa budawe ishingiro. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [40] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’Avoka MANUMETAL Ltd isaba itagomba kuyahabwa kuko ubujurire bwayo nta shingiro bwahawe. [41] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza TEDMER INT TRADE CO Ltd isaba ikwiye kuyahabwa, kuko byabaye ngombwa ko ishaka Avoka wo kuyiburanira, ariko rukaba rusanga ayo isaba ari menshi harebwe ibyakozwe mu rubanza ; bityo mu bushishozi bwarwo rukaba ruyigeneye 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka

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na 200.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza, kuri uru rwego, yiyongera kuri 1.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza yagenewe mu rubanza rujuririrwa. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [42] Rwemeje ko inzitizi y’iburabusha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire yatanzwe na TEDMER INT TRADE CO Ltd nta shingiro ifite. [43] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na MANUMETAL Ltd nta shingiro bufite. [44] Rwemeje ko imikirize y‘urubanza RCOMA 00201/2022/HCC rwaciwe n'Urukiko Rukuru rw'Ubucuruzi ku wa 31/03/2022, idahindutse. [45] Rutegetse MANUMETAL Ltd kwishyura TEDMER INT TRADE CO Ltd 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 200.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza, kuri uru rwego, yiyongera kuri 1.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza yagenewe mu rubanza rujuririrwa. [46] Ruvuze ko amafaranga y’amagarama yatanzwe ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza.