Re MASUMBUKO

# Re MASUMBUKO

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-08-14 - Case/document no.: RCA00001/2025/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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Re MASUMBUKO [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RCA00001/2025/CA (Ngagi, P.J.) 14 Kanama 2025] Amategeko yerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza Mbonezamubano – gusobanura cyangwa gukosora urubanza – Ikirego gisaba gusobanura urubanza kigomba kugaragaza icyibeshyweho; icyemejwe mu buryo butumvikana cyangwa mu buryo bushobora kumvikana mu buryo bunyuranye. Incamake y’ikibazo: uru rubanza rwatangiye Nyirarukundo arega Masumbuko mu Rukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Gasabo asaba gatanya maze Urukiko mu rubanza RC01079/20201/TB/GSBO rwemeza ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Nyirarukundo nta shingiro gifite. Nyirarukundo yajuririye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, narwo mu rubanza RCA00152/2023/TGI/GSBO, rwemeza ko urubanza rujurirwa ruhindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose, rwemeza ko Nyirarukundo atandukanye burundu na Masumbuko. Masumbuko yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru,narwo mu mu rubanza RCAA00002/2024/HC/KIG rwemeza ko ubujurire bwa Masumbuko bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe ; ko ururubanza rujuririrwa ruhindutse ku bijyanye n’imigabane bafite mu ishuri Masumboko agomba gufata ingana na 25% na Nyirarukundo agasigarana 25. Rwemeza ko umutungo utimukanwa ubaruye kuri UPI; 1/02/09/02/1890, ikibanza giherereye mu Murenge wa Bumbogo, Akarere ka Gasabo, Umujyi wa Kigali, imodoka ya Pick up Hilux n'umutungo wimukanwa ugizwe n'ibikoresho byo mu rugo Nyirarukundo na Masumbuko bafitanye babigabana ku buryo bungana, byananirana bakabigurisha amafaranga abivuyemo bakayagabana ku buryo bungana; rwemeje kandi ko Nyirarukundo na Masumbuko bafatanya kwishyura umwenda bafitiye Zigama CSS. Nyuma yizi manza Nyirarukundo Fanny yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rukuru asaba gusobanura urubanza RCAA00002/2024/HC/KIG, avuga ko Urukiko rutasobanuye neza ibijyanye no kugabana imigabane ya 50% bafite mu ishuri; asobanura ko ari we ureberera iryo shuri akaba agomba guha Masumbuko 25% by’agaciro k’iyo migabane, ko bitakunda ko baribanamo kuko batandukanye. Urukiko mu rubanza RS/INTERT/RC00001/2025/HC/KIG ruburanishwa bitabaye ngombwa guhamagaza ababuranyi, rwemeza ko ikirego cya Nyirarukundo gifite isgingiro, ruvuga ko ko imigabane ya 25% yavuzwe mu rubanza asobanuza, Masumbuko agomba kuyahabwa mu buryo bw’agaciro kayo, akayitwara atabaye umunyamigabane muri iryo shuri. Masumbuko Venuste yajuririye Urukiko rw’ubujurire avuga ko Urukiko rukuru mu rubanza RS/INTERT/RC00001/2025/HC/KIG rwasobanuraga urubanza RCAA00002/2024/HC/KIG, rwahinduye icyemezo cyafashwe mu rubanza RCAA00002/2024/HC/KIG. Urukiko mu rubanza RCA00001/2025/CA, rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Masumbuko nta shingiro bufite kuko mu rubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko rutahinduye icyemezo mu rubanza rusobanura urundi. Incamake y’icyemezo: Ikirego gisaba gusobanura urubanza kigomba kugaragaza icyibeshyweho; icyemejwe mu buryo butumvikana cyangwa mu buryo bushobora kumvikana mu buryo bunyuranye. Bityo, hasobanurwa ibyaciweho urubanza bitumvikana mu myandikire yarwo cyangwa bishobora kumvikana mu buryo bunyuranye bitera urujijo mu rubanza (…) kandi ko n’umuburanyi atakoresha iyo nzira agamije gusa kunenga icyemezo kitamunyuze. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Nta mategeko yashingiweho.

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Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RS/INTER/CIV0001/14/CS, haburana SOCOBICO INDUSTRIES S.A. rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 20/06/2014, Urubanza RS/INTERT/RC 00001/2022/SC, haburana Ntagungira Jerome rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 18/11/2022 Inyandiko z’abahanga zifashishijwe: Albert FETTWEIS, Manuel de procédure civile, 2e édition, Liège, 1987, p. 259 Urubanza. I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Nyirarukundo Fanny na Masumbuko Venuste bashyingiranywe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, nyuma yaho imibanire yabo yaje kuba mibi. Nyirarukundo Fanny yaregeye Urukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Gasabo asaba ubutane, maze mu rubanza RC01079/20201/TB/GSBO rwaciwe ku wa 26/05/2023, urwo Rukiko rwemeza ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Nyirarukundo Fanny gisaba ubutane bwa burundu nta shingiro gifite. [2] Nyirarukundo Fanny yajuririye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, mu rubanza RCA00152/2023/TGI/GSBO rwaciwe ku wa 30/11/2023, urwo Rukiko rwemeza ko urubanza RC01079/20201/TB/GSBO rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Gasabo ku wa 26/05/2023 ruhindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose, ko Nyirarukundo Fanny atandukanye burundu na Masumbuko Venuste bari barasezeranye. Rutegeka ibintu bitandukanye nk’uko bikubiye muri kopi y’urwo rubanza. [3] Masumbuko Venuste yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, mu rubanza RCAA00002/2024/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 06/02/2025, urwo Rukiko mu gika cya 22 rusanga ku bijyanye n’imitungo haragaragajwe ko hari ibitari byasuzumwe bijyanye n’ishuri, bikaba bigomba gusuzumwa, ko bose bemera ko bafitemo 50% y’imigabane umwe akaba yafata 25% n’undi agafata 25%, hanyuma rwemeza ko : Ubujurire bwa Masumbuko Venuste bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe ; Urubanza RCA00152/2023/TGI/GSBO rwaciwe ku wa 30/11/2023 ruhindutse ku bijyanye n’imigabane bafite mu ishuri Masumboko Venuste agomba gufata ingana na 25% na Nyirarukundo Fanny agasigarana 25% ; Umutungo utimukanwa ubaruye kuri UPI ; 1/02/09/02/1890, uherereye mu Mudugudu wa Rindiro, Akagari ka Kibagabaga, Umurenge wa Kimironko, Akarere ka Gasabo, Umujyi wa Kigali, ikibanza giherereye mu Murenge wa Bumbogo, Akarere ka Gasabo, Umujyi wa Kigali, imodoka ya Pick up Hilux n'umutungo wimukanwa ugizwe n'ibikoresho byo mu rugo Nyirarukundo Fanny na Masumbuko Venuste bafitanye babigabana ku buryo bungana, byananirana bakabigurisha amafaranga abivuyemo bakayagabana ku buryo bungana; Nyirarukundo Fanny na Masumbuko Venuste bafatanya kwishyura umwenda bafitiye Zigama CSS. [4] Nyuma y’uko urubanza RCAA00002/2024/HC/KIG ruciwe, Nyirarukundo Fanny yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rukuru asaba gusobanura urubanza RCAA00002/2024/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 06/02/2025, avuga ko Urukiko rutasobanuye neza ibijyanye no kugabana imigabane ya 50% bafite mu ishuri ; asobanura ko ari we ureberera iryo shuri akaba agomba guha Masumbuko 25% by’agaciro k’iyo migabane, ko bitakunda ko baribanamo kuko batandukanye.

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[5] Urubanza rwahawe RS/INTERT/RC 00001/2025/HC/KIG ruburanishwa bitabaye ngombwa guhamagaza ababuranyi, rucibwa ku wa 14/03/2025. Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze kuba Nyirarukundo Fanny na Masumbuko Venuste baramaze gutandukana, byumvikana ko batashobora gukorana ngo babashe kumvikana mu micungire y’ishuri, bivuze rero ko imigabane ya 25% byavuzwe ko agomba guhabwa, ari ukuyihabwa mu buryo bw’agaciro kayo, akayitwara atabaye umunyamigabane muri iryo shuri, maze rwemeza ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Nyirarukundo Fanny gifite ishingiro, rutegeka ko urubanza RCAA00002/2024/HC/KIG rusobanuwe ko Masumbuko Venuste agomba guhabwa 25% by’agaciro k’imigabane k’ishuri, ko atagomba kuba umunyamigabane mu ishuri. [6] Masumbuko Venuste yajuririye uru Rukiko, ubujurire bwe bwandikwa kuri RCA00001/2025/CA, iburanisha ryarwo rishyirwa ku wa 12/08/2025, ruburanishwa bitabaye ngombwa ko ababuranyi bahamagazwa hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 1401 n’iya 190, igika cya 2. [7] Muri uru rubanza ikibazo gisuzumwa ni ukumenya niba gusobanura urubanza byakozwe mu rubanza RS/INTERT/RC00001/2025/HC/KIG byarahinduye icyemezo cyafashwe mu rubanza rwasabiwe gusobanurwa. II. KIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYACYO Kumenya niba gusobanura urubanza byakozwe mu rubanza RS/INTERT/RC 00001/2025/HC/KIG byarahinduye icyemezo cyafashwe mu rubanza rwasabiwe gusobanurwa [8] Mu myanzuro ye, Masumbuko Venuste avuga ko icyemezo cyafashwe mu rubanza RS/INTERT/RC 00001/2025/HC/KIG rusobanura urundi cyahinduye icyemezo cyafashwe mu rubanza rwasabiwe gusobanurwa rufite RCAA00002/2024/HC/KIG. Asobanura ko mu isesengura ry’urubanza RCAA00002/2024/HC/KIG mu gika cya 24, Urukiko rwemeje ko hari ibitari byarasuzumwe bijyanye n’ishuri, bikaba bigomba gusuzumwa, ko bose bemera ko bafite 50% y’imigabane umwe akaba yafata 25% n’undi agafata 25% ; mu gika cya 30, Urukiko rugaruka ku igabana ry’imigabane, aho rwagaragaje imvugo z’ababuranyi, rusanga Nyirarukundo agomba guha Masumbuko Venuste 25%, kuko imigabane yose yari yanditse kuri Nyirarukundo Fanny. [9] Akomeza asobanura ko mu cyemezo cy’Urukiko, mu gika cya 44, Urukiko rwemeje ko urubanza RCA00152/2023/TGI/GSBO rwaciwe ku wa 30/11/2023 ruhindutse ku bijyanye n’imigabane bafite mu ishuri, ko Masumbuko Venuste agomba gufata 25% na Nyirarukundo Fanny agasigarana 25%, ko mu rubanza RS/INTERT/RC 00001/2025/HC/KIG, Urukiko rwasobanuye ibyavuzwe na Nyirarukundo Fanny mu rubanza, rubishingiraho, ruhindura icyemezo kuko rwemeje ko Nyirarukundo Fanny agomba gusubiza agaciro k’iyo migabane 25%. Asaba uru Rukiko kwemeza ko gusobanura urubanza byahinduye icyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko mu rubanza rwasabiwe gusobanurwa kandi muri urwo rubanza ibyemezo byafashwe bisobanutse. [10] Nyirarukundo Fanny, mu myanzuro ye avuga ko ubujurire bwa Masumbuko Venuste nta shingiro bufite. Asobanura ko nk’uko Masumbuko Venuste abyivugira, habayeho urubanza RCAA00002/2024/HC/KIG, Urukiko rwemeza ko bagomba kugabana 50% y’imigabane y’ishuri, Nyirarukundo afite mu ishuri ryitwa God is mission school riherereye mu Karere ka Gasabo, Umurenge wa Nduba, Akagari ka Gatunga, Umudugudu wa Rebero, ko buri wese agomba guhabwa 25% nk’uko bikubiye mu gika cya 24 cy’urwo rubanza, ko Urukiko rutigeze ruvuga ko bose bazajya gukorera muri iryo shuri, usibye guhabwa agaciro gahwanye n’imigabane buri wese afite, cyane ko iryo shuri atari inyubako bubatse kuko bakodesha, ko rero nta kindi cyakorwa usibye kugurisha ibikoresho bafite mu ishuri ku ruhare rwa Nyirarukundo Fanny akamuha imigabane y’agaciro kabyo ingana na 25%; bityo ko

1 Iyi ngingo iteganya ko Iteganya ko “ikirego gikosora cyangwa gisobanura urubanza kiburanishwa nk’inyandiko nsobanurakirego itanzwe n’umuranyi umwe (…)”.

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kuba Nyirarukundo Fanny yarasobanuje urubanza rwavuzwe haruguru babona bifite ishingiro, kuko Urukiko rutari rwasobanuye uburyo buri wese azahabwa agaciro gahwanye n’imigabane ye ingana na 25%. [11] Asobanura kandi ko kuba Nyirarukundo Fanny yarasabye Urukiko gusobanura neza ibijyanjye n’imigabane y’ishuri ari ukugira ngo bigende neza nk’uko n’indi mitungo igomba kugurishwa ikagabanwa ku buryo bungana, akaba rero asanga ibyo Urukiko rwemeje mu gihe cyo gusobanura urubanza ari uko rwabonye ko ari byo n’ubundi bishobora gutanga amahoro ku baburanyi bose mu gihe ubwabo babwiye Urukiko ko batagikeneye kubana ndetse no kugira ahandi hantu bahurira, cyane ko bazajya bahuzwa gusa n’abana babyaranye. [12] Akomeza asobanura ko kuba Masumbuko Venuste yahabwa agaciro gahwanye n’imigabane ye kuri iryo shuri ntacyo byaba bimutwaye cyane ko Nyirarukundo Fanny ari ho akorera nk’umukozi wa buri munsi ndetse n’umushahara ahembwa akaba ari wo utunga abana yabyaranye na Masumbuko Venuste, ko rero asaba Urukiko ko mu nyungu z’ubutabera rwabona ko icyemezo cyo gufata agaciro k’imigabane nyuma y’uko hakozwe igenagaciro ari bwo buryo bwiza bwo gukemura ikibazo mu nyungu z’umuryango ndetse n’umutekano w’abashakanye. Asaba ko icyemezo cy’Urukiko Rukuru gisobanura urubanza RCAA00002/2024/HC/KIG cyagumaho mu rwego rwo kwirinda amakimbirane ashobora gukomoka ku batandukanye. Asoza asaba ko ubujurire bwa Masumbuko butahabwa ishingiro. Uko urukiko rubibona [13] Ibijyanye n’urubanza rusobanura urundi byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza RS/INTER/CIV0001/14/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 20/06/2014, aho Urukiko rwasobanuye ko Ikirego gisaba gusobanura urubanza kigomba kugaragaza icyibeshyweho; icyemejwe mu buryo butumvikana cyangwa mu buryo bushobora kumvikana mu buryo bunyuranye2. Mu rubanza No RS/INTERT/RC 00001/2022/SC rwaciwe ku wa 18/11/2022 rwatanze umurongo ko “hasobanurwa ibyaciweho urubanza bitumvikana mu myandikire yarwo cyangwa bishobora kumvikana mu buryo bunyuranye bitera urujijo mu rubanza (…) kandi ko n’umuburanyi atakoresha iyo nzira agamije gusa kunenga icyemezo kitamunyuze. [14] Umuhanga mu mategeko Albert FETTWEIS na we avuga ko mu gusobanura urubanza, Umucamanza atemerewe kugira icyo agabanya, yongera cyangwa ahindura ku burenganzira yamaze kwemeza. Agomba kwibanda gusa ku kumvikanisha ibyo yashatse kuvuga mu rubanza rusabirwa gusobanurwa atagize icyo aruhinduraho3. Agomba guhagarara ku cyemezo cy’ibanze yafashe agiha ishusho nziza arushaho ku cyumvikanisha ariko atagize icyo agihinduraho cyangwa acyongeraho4. [15] Nk’uko bigaragara mu rubanza RCAA00002/2024/HC/KIG rusabirwa gusobanurwa, mu gika cya 27, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze Masumbuko Venuste na Nyirarukundo Fanny bafite imigabane mu ishuri ingana na 50%, hanyuma rusanga Nyirarukundo agomba guha Masumbuko Venuste imigabane ya 25% muri iryo shuri nk’uruhare rwe. Dosiye igaragaza ko iryo shuri ryitwa God is mission school kandi ko riherereye mu Karere ka Gasabo, Umurenge wa Nduba, Akagari ka Gatunga, Umudugudu wa Rebero. [16] Nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, nyuma y’uko urubanza RCAA00002/2024/HC/KIG ruciwe, Nyirarukundo Fanny yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rukuru asaba gusobanura urwo rubanza, avuga ko

2 Reba urubanza RS/INTER/CIV0001/14/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 20/06/2014, haburana SOCOBICO INDUSTRIES S.A. 3 Le juge, en interprétant, ne peut étendre, restreindre ou modifier les droits qu’il a consacrés. Il doit se borner à fixer le sens et la portée des dispositions du jugement sans les dénaturer. Il doit maintenir sa décision initiale en lui donnant une forme meilleure sans pouvoir modifier ou compléter l’acte juridictionnel ( Albert FETTWEIS, Manuel de procédure civile, 2e édition, Liège, 1987, p. 259). 4 Ibidem

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Urukiko rutasobanuye neza ibyijyanye no kugabana imigabane ya 50% bafite mu ishuri ryavuzwe haruguru. [17] Imikirize y’urubanza RCAA00002/2024/HC/KIG ari rwo rwasabiwe gusobanurwa, igaragaza koko ko Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko Masumbuko Venuste afata 25% y’imigabana bafite mu ishuri ryavuzwe haruguru, naho Nyirarukundo Fanny agasigarana izindi 25%, kuko bombi bari bafite muri iryo shuri5, imigabane ingana na 50%, ariko ntirwasobanura uburyo Nyirarukundo Fanny agomba guha Masumbuko Venuste imigabane ya 25% muri iryo shuri nk’uruhare rwe, ari byo byatumye Nyirarukundo Fanny atanga ikirego gisonanuza urwo rubanza. [18] Mu rubanza RS/INTERT/RC00001/2025/HC/KIG rusobanura urubanza RCAA00002/2024/HC/KIG, Urukiko rwasanze koko hari ibigomba gusobanuka bitagaragaye mu rubanza rusabirwa gusobanurwa, maze mu gika cya 8 cy’urwo rubanza, rusanga hashingiwe ku kuba Nyirarukundo Fanny na Masumbuko Venuste baramaze gutandukana, byumvikana ko batashobora gukorana ngo babashe kumvikana mu micungire y’ishuri, rusobanura ko imigabane ya 25% Masumbuko Venuste agomba guhabwa, ari ukuyihabwa mu buryo bw’agaciro kayo, akayitwara atabaye umunyamigabane muri iryo shuri. [19] Urukiko rurasanga kuba Urukiko rwarasobanuye neza icyemezo cyarwo kugira ngo kirusheho kumvikana, bitafatwa ko rwahinduye icyo cyemezo, kuko icyo rwemeje mu rubanza rusabirwa gusobanurwa ni uko buri wese ahabwa imigabane ingana na 25%, kandi ibyo ntabwo byavugurujwe mu rubanza rusobanura urundi, ahubwo icyemezo cy’urwo rubanza cyaje cyuzuza icy’urubanza rwa mbere, rugaragaza neza uko ibintu bizagenda kugira ngo birusheho kumvikana, gusobanuka neza no kurangwizwa mu buryo bworoshye. Urukiko rurasanga na none ntaho mu rubanza rusabirwa gusobanurwa, Urukiko rwigeze rwemeza ko Masumbuko Venuste na Nyirarukundo Fanny bakomeza kubana muri iryo shuri, ku buryo byaba byahinduwe n’urubanza rusobanura urundi. Bityo ibyo Masumbuko Venuste avuga ko urubanza RS/INTERT/RC 00001/2025/HC/KIG rwahinduye ibikubiye mu rubanza RCAA00002/2024/HC/KIG nta shingiro bifite. [20] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro bimaze gutangwa, Urukiko rurasanga, gusobanura urubanza byakozwe mu rubanza RS/INTERT/RC 00001/2025/HC/KIG bitarahinduye icyemezo cyafashwe mu rubanza No RCAA00002/2024/HC/KIG rwasabiwe gusobanurwa; bityo ubujurire bwa Masumbuko Venuste nta shingiro bufite. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [21] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Masumbuko Venuste nta shingiro bufite. [22] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RS/INTERT/RC 00001/2025/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 14/03/2025, idahindutse. [23] Ruvuze ko amagarama y’urubanza aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta

5 Reba igika cya 43 cy’urubanza RCAA 00002/2024/HC/KIG rwavuzwe haruguru