MATABARO v NYIRAHARORIMANA NABANDI

# MATABARO v NYIRAHARORIMANA NABANDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-08-09 - Case/document no.: RCA 00078/2021/HC/NYZ - Collection: High Court

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MATABARO v NYIRAHARORIMANA N’ABANDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU - RCA 00078/2021/HC/NYZ (Ndagijimana, P.J.) 09 Kamena 2023] Amategeko agenga imanza z’imbonezamubano – Ubutaka – Ubutaka bw’umuryango - Ihererekanya ry’uburenganzira ku butaka iryo ari ryo ryose rikozwe n’uhagarariye umuryango rigomba kubanza kwemezwa n’abanditse bose ku mpapuro mpamo z’ubutaka. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko rwisumbuye rwa Huye aho Matabaro yaregaga abazungura ba Ngiyembere, avuga ko yagiranye nabo amasezerano y’ubugure bw’ubutaka bubaruye kuri UPI: 2/04/07/3605 ariko yajya gukora ihererekanyamutungo ntarihabwe kuko Usabyemariya nawe ukomoka kwa Ngiyembere yanze gusinya kuko bagurishije ubwo butaka atabizi kandi harimo igice cy’ubutaka bwe. Urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Huye rwemeje ko ubutaka buburanwa buguma kwandikwa kuri succession Ngiyembere kuko bwagurishijwe umwe mu bazungura atabizi kandi nawe abufiteho uburenganzira. Urega yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko rwakongera rugasuzuma ko yakwandikwaho ubwo butaka kuko nta kibazo afitanye n’abo baguze. Urukiko Rukuru rwasuzumye ikibazo cyo kumenya niba ubutaka bufite N° UPI: 2/04/07/3605 bwakwandukurwa kuri Succession Ngiyembere bukandikwa kuri Matabaro. Urega avuga ko yaguze ubutaka buburanwa n’abazungura ba Ngiyembere ariko ntihabaho ihererekanyamutungo agasaba ko yabwandikwaho kuko ari ubwe akaba afite n’amasezerano yabuguriyeho. Abazungura ba Ngiyembere bo bavuga ko nta kibazo bafitanye na Matabaro kuko bamaze kumugurisha ubutaka bagasaba ko hakorwa ibiteganywa n’amategeko. Usabyemariya we asobanura ko ubwo butaka bwarimo amakimbirane kuko bwagurishijwe atabizi ndetse hakaba harimo n’igice cy’ubutaka bwe, ubwo butaka bwose bakaba barabugurishije batabanje gukuramo icyo gice cye bityo ubwo butaka bukaba bugomba kuguma kwandikwa kuri succession Ngiyembere. Incamake y’icyemezo: Ihererekanya ry’uburenganzira ku butaka iryo ari ryo ryose rikozwe n’uhagarariye umuryango rigomba kubanza kwemezwa n’abanditse bose ku mpapuro mpamo z’ubutaka, bityo kuba Usabyemariya, umwe mu bagize uwo muryango yanze gusinya bituma nta hererekanya ry’uburenganzira ku butaka ryaba Ubujurire bwatanzwe nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N°43/2013 ryo kuwa16/6/2013 rigenga ubutaka mu Rwanda, ingingi ya 22; Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018, ingingo ya 111, 152; Itegeko No 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/5/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, ingingo ya 3;

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Iteka rya Minisitiri N°002/20108 ryo ku wa 01/4/2008 rigena uburyo iyandikishwa ry’ubutaka rikorwa, ingingo ya 34. Imanza zifashishijwe: RS/INJUST/RC 00003/2020/SC rwaciwe ku wa 30 Nzeri 2021 n’ Urukiko rw’ Ikirenga, haburana CIFTCI v Nshimiyimana n’undi; RS/INJUST/RC 00010/2019/SC rwaciwe ku wa 25/09/2020 n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, haburana Twizerimana v Manizabayo Kennedy. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye haburanwa ibijyanye n‘ uko ubutaka bufite N° UPI: 2/04/07/3605 buherereye mu Mudugudu wa Murambi, Akagari ka Mwulire, Umurenge wa Mbazi, Akarere ka Huye, bwandukurwa kuri Succession Ngiyembere bukandikwa kuri Matabaro Gaston biturutse ku masezerano yo ku wa 29/8/2015, Matabaro Gaston bagiranye ajyanye n’ubugure bw’ubwo butaka bwaguzwe kuri Frws 2.700.000 n’abagize umuryango wa Ngiyembere Tobi bahagarariwe na Nyiraharorimana Immaculée ,abagurishije akaba ari Nyiraharorimana Immaculée, Bimenyimana Emmanuel, Hagumamahoro Jean Bosco, Mukeshema Lucie, Nyirabapfakuvuga Suzana, Ubonabaseka Paul, Ngayaboshya Issa, Ntibategejo Saleh, Barimunsi Isidore na Ruvugiro Hategekimana Christophe (P.O Suzana). [2] Matabaro Gaston amaze kuregera urwo Rukiko, urubanza rwaraburanishijwe Ubonabaseka Paul avugira mu iburanisha ku wa 22/7/2021 ko Usabyemariya Salomé ari mushiki we kandi yareze Matabaro Gaston ubu butaka, ko Matabaro Gaston na we yahavugiye ko yareze uyu Usabyemariya Salomé kuko na we asaba ko ubu butaka bufite Salomé akaba atari muri bene Ngiyembere Tobi bagurishije uyu Matabaro Gaston ubu butaka, maze Urukiko ruvuga ko kwemeza ko ubu butaka bwandikwa kuri uyu Matabaro Gaston yarabuguze uyu Usabyemariya Salomé atabizi byumvikana ko ubugure yabuhishwe kandi hakiri amakimbirane atarakemurwa n’inzego buri wese yaregeye nk’ uko urega na we abyemeza, bityo ko kwemeza ko ubu butaka bwandikwa kuri Matabaro Gaston byaba binyuranyije n’ amategeko. Matabaro Gaston yajuririye urwo rubanza asaba ko rwakongera rugasuzuma ko yakwandikwaho ubwo butaka, abo baguze bakavuga ko nta kibazo bafitanye nawe naho Usabyemariya Salomé akavuga ko harimo igice cye kandi akaba atarasinye kandi nawe abarirwa muri abo bazungura. [3] Ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ni ukumenya niba ubutaka bufite n° UPI: 2/04/07/3605 buherereye mu Mudugudu wa Murambi, Akagari ka Mwulire, Umurenge wa Mbazi, Akarere ka Huye, bwakwandukurwa kuri Succession Ngiyemebere bukandikwa kuri Matabaro Gaston. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA

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i. Kumenya niba ubutaka bufite N° UPI: 2/04/07/3605 buherereye mu Mudugudu wa Murambi, Akagari ka Mwulire, Umurenge wa Mbazi, Akarere ka Huye, bwakwandukurwa kuri Succession Ngiyemebere bukandikwa kuri Matabaro Gaston [4] Me Uwimpaye Jean de Dieu uburanira Matabaro Gaston asaba Urukiko kwemeza ko icyemezo cyafashwe n'Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye cyo kutandikaho Matabaro Gaston ubutaka yaguze n'abazungura ba Ngiyembere Tobi gikuweho mu ngingo zacyo zose asobanura ko yagiranye amasezerano y'ubugure bw'ubutaka bubaruye kuri UPI:2/04/07/04/3605 buherereye mu Mudugudu wa Murambi, Akagali ka Mwulire, Umurenge wa Mbazi,akarere ka Huye, Intara y'Amajyepfo n'abagize umuryango wa Ngiyembere bahagarariwe na Nyiraharorimana Immaculée ku mafaranga 2,700,000Frw, Matabaro Gaston asaba abo baguze kugirango bakorane ihererekanya ry’ ubwo butaka ntibyakorwa bityo bituma ubwo butaka butamwandikwaho kandi ari ubwe yaguze mu buryo bukurikije amategeko kugeza n’ ubu bukaba bucyanditse kuri succession Ngiyembere bahagarariwe na Nyiraharorimana Immaculée akaba asaba ko ubwo butaka bumwandikwaho,ko kuba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwaranze ko iyo sambu nyamwandikwaho rugendeye gusa ku kuba Nyiraharorimana afitanye ibibazo na Usabyemariya Salomé asanga ari ugutandukira kuko rwagombaga gusuzuma icyaregewe cyonyine, ko rero akwiye kubwandikwaho nta yandi mananiza kuko nta kigaragaza ko ubwo butaka bwarimo kuburanwa uko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwabivuze, ko kandi nta n’ uruhare Salome yari afite kuri ubwo butaka bwagurishijwe, ko nta n’ ikigaragaza ahaburanwa aho ari ho. [5] Hagumamahoro Jean Bosco uhagarariye umuryango wa Ngiyembere Tobi avuga ko Matabaro Gaston yaguze nta kibazo , ko hakurikizwa amategeko akaba ari yo abakiranura nta kibazo, ko iyi sambu ifite agaciro ka millioni umunani n’ amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu, akaba nta wavuga ko Matabaro Gaston yabafatiranye bafunguwe batazi ibiciro biriho, ko kandi nta kigaragaza ko ubwo butaka Usabyemariya Salome yigeze abutambamira, ko babugurishije mu buryo buzwi , ko ubutaka bwose bwabarurijwe hamwe kubera kwanga gutanga amafaranga menshi, ko amakimbirane azanwa na Usabyemariya Salome kuko hari ibyo apfa na Matabaro. [6] Me Mukamugema Immaculée uburanira Usabyemariya Salomé avuga ko ibyo Matabaro avuga nta shingiro byahabwa kuko ubutaka avuga yaguze harimo igice cya Usabyemariya Salomé kuko na we ari umuzungura wa Ngiyembere, ko kandi nta masezerano y'ubugure bw'ubutaka Matabaro yigeze agirana na Usabyemariya Salomé, ko ibyo binashimangirwa kandi n'icyemezo cyurukiko RC00034/2018/TB/NGO, ko ari muri urwo rwego basaba ko ubujurire bwe butahabwa ishingiro, ko abo baburana bavuze ko ubutaka burimo amakimbirane atari yakemuka n’ uko ubutaka bubaruriye hamwe, ko bahurije ubutaka hamwe , babukoresha hamwe ariko mu kugurisha ntibakuramo cya gice cya Salome kiri muri ubwo butaka, ko mu kugaragaza amakimbirane Urukiko rwashingiye ku mvugo y’abarega n’ imvugo ya Salome kandi nawe abarizwa muri succession , bityo mu gihe atasinye mutation ikaba idashoboka, ko rero ibisabwa n’ urega ko ubwo butaka bwandukurwa kuri succession Ngiyembere Tobi bukandikwa kuri Matabaro bidafite ishingiro kuko muri ubwo butaka harimo igice cya Usabyemariya Salome nk’ uko byategetswe n'Urukiko mu rubanza RC00342018/TB/NGO, ko icyo gice Matabaro nta burenganzira yakigiraho kuko ntacyo Usabyemariya Salome yamugurishije. Uko Urukiko rubibona

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[7] Ingingo ya 22 y’Itegeko N°43/2013 ryo kuwa16/6/2013 rigenga ubutaka mu Rwanda,iteganya ko:«Ihererekanya ry’uburenganzira ku butaka iryo ari ryo ryose rikozwe n’uhagarariye umuryango rigomba kubanza kwemezwa n’abanditse bose ku mpapuro mpamo z’ubutaka. Umuntu udafite ububasha ahabwa n’amategeko bwo guhagararira inyungu ze, ahagararirwa n’uwabiherewe uburenganzira ku buryo bwemewe n’amategeko. Kwemeza ihererekanya ry’ubutaka kw’abagize umuryango bikorwa mu nyandiko nyakuri ishyirwaho umukono cyangwa igikumwe ikorewe imbere ya Noteri ushinzwe iby’ubutaka». [8] Ingingo ya 34 y’Iteka rya Minisitiri N°002/20108 ryo ku wa 01/4/2008 rigena uburyo iyandikishwa ry’ubutaka rikorwa,iteganya ko: “Ihererekanya rishingiye ku masezerano yo kwegurira undi ibintu ntirishobora gukorwa iyo amasezerano rishingiyeho atakozwe ku buryo bw’inyandiko y’umwimerere….Amasezerano yo kwegurira undi abintu ashobora gukorerwa imbere y’Umubitsi w’inyandiko z’ubutaka, abikorera inyandiko mbere yo kubyandika. Umubitsi w’inyandiko z’ubutaka akora inyandiko gusa nyuma y’aho aboneye icyemezo cy’ubyeguriye undi kandi amaze kumenya neza umwirondoro n’ubushobozi bw’abagiranye amasezerano”. [9] Mu kwemeza ko ikirego cya Matabaro Gaston nta shingiro gifite, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwasobanuye ko uwitwa Ubonabaseka Paul yaravugiye mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 22/7/2021 ko kuba Usabyemariya Salomé ari mushiki we kandi yareze Matabaro Gaston ubu butaka,ko mu iburanisha Matabaro Gaston akaba yavuze ko na we yareze uyu Usabyemariya Salome kuko na we asaba ko ubu butaka bufite n°UPI: 2/04/07/3605 bwavuzwe haruguru bumwandikwaho kandi uyu Usabyemariya Salomé akaba atagaragara muri bene Ngiyembere Tobi bagurishije uyu Matabaro Gaston ubu butaka, byatumye rutemeza ko ubwo butaka bwandikwa kuri Matabaro Gaston kandi yarabuguze Usabyemariya Salomé atabizi byumvikana ko ubugure yabuhishwe kandi hakiri amakimbirane atarakemurwa n’inzego buri wese yaregeye nk’ uko urega na we abyemeza, maze runavuga ko ayo makimbirane kuri ubu butaka buburanwa yo ntayo rwaregewe, bituma bitafatwaho icyemezo. [10] Rushingiye ku bimaze gusobanurwa , rugasanga kuba Usabyemariya Salomé atari mu bagurishije Matabaro mu masezerano yo ku wa 29/08/2015, abagurishije bakaba baramugurishije nk’ abagize Umuryango wa Ngiyembere Tobi kandi icyangombwa cy’ubutaka bufite N° UPI: 2/04/07/3605 buburanwa kigaragaza ko cyanditseho ko ari icya succession Ngiyembere 100%, bigaragaza ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rutemera ko ubwo butaka bwandikwa kuri Matabaro Gaston rwari rufite ukuri, kubera ko rwashingiye ku bimenyetso biri muri dosiye birimo imvugo za Matabaro ubwe aho yabajijwe impamvu yareze Usabyemariya Salomé kandi atari mu bamugurishije ubutaka asabirwa kwandikwaho, asubiza ko yamureze kuko na we asaba ko ubu butaka aba ari we bwandikwaho kuko harimo ubwo yahawe na se, bityo ko yamureze kugirango ibyo bibazo bikemukire rimwe, naho Ubonabaseka Paul abajijwe niba yemera ko Matabaro Gaston yandikwaho ubwo butaka bufite n°UPI: 2/04/07/3605 bw’Umuryango wa Ngiyembere yemeza ko bwamwandikwaho kuko yabishyuye ikiguzi cyabwo, ariko yongeraho ko mushiki we Salomé yareze Matabaro Gaston kuba yarabuguze amafaranga makeya, akaba atazi icyakurikiyeho kuko afunze, bityo ibyemejwe n’ Urukiko Rwisumbuye bikaba bitanyuranyije n’ amategeko hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ ingingo ya 22 y’Itegeko N°43/2013 ryo ku wa 16/6/2013 ryavuzwe no ku biteganywa n’ ingingo ya 34 y’Iteka rya Minisitiri N°002/20108 ryo ku wa 01/4/2008 ryavuzwe , zivuga kubijyanye n’ ihererekanya ry’ ubutaka rigenda.

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[11] Ibiteganywa n’ izi ngingo zivuzwe haruguru binashimangirwa n’uko amasezerano y’ubugure ku mutungo utimukanwa agomba gusinyirwa imbere y’umukozi wabiherewe ububasha uhamya ko akubiyemo amakuru yose ya ngombwa ari ku ifishi yabigenewe biteganywa n’ Iteka rya Minisitiri N° 002/2008 ryo ku wa 01/4/2008 rigena uburyo iyandikishwa ry’ubutaka rikorwa, aho iyo ngingo ya 34, igika cya 2 iteganya ifishi igomba gukoreshwa ku mugereka wa 4 waryo, binahura n’ ibyemejwe mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00003/2020/SC rwaciwe ku wa 30 Nzeri 2021 n’ Urukiko rw’ Ikirenga1, kimwe n’ ibyemejwe nanone n’ Urukiko rw’Ikirenga Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwabibonye mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00010/2019/SC rwaciwe kuwa 25/09/2020, cyane cyane mu gika cyarwo cya 24 kugeza mu gika cya 28, aho Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwemeje ko Leta y’u Rwanda yashatse ko umuguzi n’ugurisha, mu gihe ikigurishwa ari umutungo utimukanwa, batajya biherera bonyine ngo bakore amasezerano y’ubugure, ko ayo masezerano agomba byanze bikunze kubahiriza imihango yihariye kugira ngo agire agaciro, iyo mihango yihariye ikaba ari uko amasezerano y’ubugure bw’umutungo utimukanwa agomba gukorerwa imbere ya Noteri, rwemeza kandi ko amasezerano y’ubugure bw’umutungo utimukanwa atakorewe imbere ya Noteri nta gaciro agomba guhabwa. Ku bw’ ibyo kuba ubutaka buburanwa bwarateje ikibazo, abagurishije n’ uwaguze batarabikoze uko amategeko abiteganya, uru Rukiko rusanga ntaho rwahera rwemeza ko hakorwa ihererekanya ry’ ubutaka risabwa, bityo Urukiko Rwisumbuye rubyemeza gutyo akaba nta makosa rwakoze, impamvu z’ ubujurire zikaba nta shingiro. ii. Kumenya niba indishyi z’ ikurikiranarubanza no guhemba Avoka zisabwa zatangwa [12] Mukamugema Immaculée uburanira Usabyemariya Salomé arasaba Urukiko guteka Matabaro kumuhamaha amafaranga y'igihembo cya avoka kingana na 1.000.000frw ndetse n'amafaranga y'ikurikiranarubanza angana na 500.000frw kuko yamushoye mu manza adafite aho ahuriye na zo bigatuma atakaza amafaranga ashaka uzamuhagararira. [13] Me Uwimpaye Jean de Dieu uburanira Matabaro Gaston avuga ko kuba uyu yararegeye Urukiko kugirango ahabwe uburenganzira bwe yandikweho ubwo butaka kandi abo babuguze bahari baranze ku mukorera ihererekanya ku neza, byumvikanisha ko ari bo bamushoye mu manza bakaba bagomba kwirengera ikiguzi byamutwaye,ko rero nta ndishyi yatanga, ku bijyanye n’ n'indishyi za 2.000.000 frw yasabaga abo arega basigara baburana akaba yaraziretse mu nama ntegurarubanza. Uko Urukiko rubibona [14] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe, iteganya ko:" Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ari ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe", iya 152 y’ iryo Tegeko yo igateganya ko uregwa mu Rukiko rujuririrwa ashobora na we kugira ibyo asaba yiregura naho ingingo ya 3 y’Itegeko No 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/5/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo igateganya ko buri muburanyi agomba kugaragaza ukuri kw’ibyo aburana. 1 Urukiko rw’Ikirenga – Urubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00003/2020/SC rwaciwe ku wa 30 Nzeri 2021. Rwabonywe ku kuru: https://decisia.judiciary.gov.rw/rlr ku wa 07/06/2023.

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[15] Uru Rukiko rushingiye ku bimaze gusobanurwa, rugasanga indishyi zisabwa na Usabyemariya Salomé zitatangwa kuko igitumye uwajuriye n’ abamugurishije badatsinze ari uko rwasanze afite ukuri kuko bitasuzumwe uko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwanasobanuye ko Matabaro Gaston atigeze aruregera gukemura amakimbirane afitanye na Usabyemariya Salomé kuri ubu butaka bufite N°UPI: 2/04/07/3605, ahubwo byatewe n’ uko amasezerano y’ubugure bw’ umutungo utimukanwa yo ku wa 29/08/2015 yakozwe mu nyandiko bwite , we atasinyeho nyamara mu masezerano y’ ubukode burambye hariho gusa ko ari succession Ngiyembere 100% uko byasobanuwe , byanatumye kuva haravutse impaka abagiranye ayo masezerano mu nyandiko bwite batarateganyije ngo yubahirize amategeko bituma bibagiraho ingaruka yo kuyashyira mu bikorwa. Ku bw’ ibyo imikirize y’ urubanza RC 00127/2019/TGI/HYE rwaciwe ku wa 09/9/2021 n’ Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye rujuririrwa ikaba itagomba guhinduka mu ngingo zayo zose. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [16] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Matabaro Gaston nta shingiro bufite. [17] Rutegetse ko imikirize y’ urubanza RC 00127/2019/TGI/HYE rwaciwe ku wa 09/9/2021 n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye rujuririrwa idahindutse mu ngingo zayo zose [18] [18] Rutegetse ko amafaranga y’igarama yatanzwe mu kujurira ahwanye n‘ ibyakozwe muri uru rubanza.