MAZIMPAKA vs RWIGEMA

# MAZIMPAKA vs RWIGEMA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-01-10 - Case/document no.: RCA 00013/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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MAZIMPAKA vs RWIGEMA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RCA 00013/2024/CA (Munyangeri, P.J.) 10 Mutarama 2025] Amategeko yerekeye imiburanishize y’imanza mbonezamubano – ikirego cyihutirwa – umuburanyi utaratangije urubanza rw’iremezo, ntiyemerewe gutanga ikirego cyihutirwa. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiye Mazimpaka arega Rwigema mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, arusaba kumutegeka kumuha uruhare rwe ku mitungo yasizwe n’umubyeyi we wapfuye witwa Mazimpaka Ndwaniye uregwa yiyandikishijeho, indi akayigurisha mu buryo budakwiye. Rwigema yireguye avuga ko Mazimpaka Christian yigize mwene Mazimpaka Ndwaniye nyuma y’urupfu rwe kandi ko uwo yita se atigeze amwemera nk’umwana we, bityo ko nta bubasha afite bwo gutanga ikirego. Urukiko mu rubanza RC00067/2023/TGI/GSBO rushingiye ku ngingo ya 52, iya 73 n’iya 75 z’itegeko N˚ 27/2016 ryo ku wa 08/07/2016 rigenga imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe, impano n’izungura, no ku ngingo ya 111 y’itegeko N˚ 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, rwemeje ko, ikirego cyatanzwe na Mazimpaka Christian gifite ishingiro; ko ahabwa uruhare rwe ku mitungo yasizwe na se Mazimpaka Ndwaniye Déogratias wapfuye; agahabwa n’amafaranga y’ikuriranarubanza n’igihembocya Avoka. Rwigema yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, Mu gihe rutaraburanishwa, Mazimpaka yatanze ikirego cyihutirwa asaba urukiko kuba rumugeneye aho aba kuko abayeho nabi. Urukiko mu rubanza RC00024/2024/HC/KIG, rushingiye ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RCA 005/13/CS, rwemeje ko ikirego cya Mazimpaka gifite ishingiro, rutegeka Rwigema guha Mazimpaka aho aba, mu gihe hategerejwe ko urubanza rwajuririwe rucibwa burundu, rutegeka ko amuha inzu iri mu kibanza gifite UPI: 1/02/08/03/357. Rwigema yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, asaba Urukiko gusuzuma niba hari impamvu zihutirwa zatuma Mazimpaka ahabwa aho kuba by’agateganyo kandi umuryango utemera ko ari umuzungura wa nyakwigendera, no gusuzuma niba inzu umupfakazi arereramo abana b’imfubyi ari yo igomba guhabwa Mazimpaka. Mazimpaka yireguye avuga ko ingingo z’ubujurire za Rwigema zidafite ishingiro. Urukiko rubyibwirije, rwazamuye inzitizi irebana no kumenya niba Mazimpaka yari afite ububasha bwo gutanga ikirego cyihutirwa kandi atari we wareze mu rubanza rw’iremezo. Mazimpaka yasobanuye ko umuburanyi uwo ariwe wese mu rubanza rw’iremezo, afite uburenganzira bwo gutanga ikirego cyihutirwa. Rwigema yavuze ko yasobanuriye Urukiko Rukuru ko icyo kirego cyihutirwa kitari gikwiye kwakirwa ariko ntirwabiha agaciro. Urukiko mu rubanza RCA00013/2024/CA, rwemeje ko ikirego cy’ihutirwa kitari kwakirwa mu Rukiko Rukuru kuko uwagitanze atari we watanze ikirego cy’iremezo cy’ubujurire. Incamake y’icyemezo: Umuburanyi utaratangije urubanza rw’iremezo, ntiyemerewe gutanga ikirego cyihutirwa. Bityo, mu gihe gihe uregwa atanze ikirego cyihutirwa, icyo kirego ntikigomba kwakirwa ngo gisuzumwe. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N˚ 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, Ingingo ya 129, igika cya 2.

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Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RCOMA00004/2023/CA, haburana Life Goal Company Ltd na Niyonsaba Edouard rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 16/02/2024, igika cya 21. Urubanza RCOM00004/2023/CA, haburana Entreprise Muhamyankaka Venuste na Wild Urban International Development Ltd rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 14/07/2023, igika cya 15-16. Urubanza RCOMA 00006/2022/CA, haburana Nzirorera Cyprien na Muhimpundu Rosine rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 23/05/2022, igika cya 23. Urubanza RCOM0011/13/CS, haburana Ben Benzinge na Natural Resources Development Rwanda Ltd, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 10/01/2013, igika cya 15 Urubanza. I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Mazimpaka Christian yaregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, arusaba gutegeka Rwigema Joséphine kumuha uruhare rwe ku mitungo yasizwe n’umubyeyi we wapfuye witwa Mazimpaka Ndwaniye Déogratias uregwa yamaze kwiyandikishaho, indi akayigurisha mu buryo budakwiye. [2] Rwigema Joséphine yireguye avuga ko Mazimpaka Christian yigize mwene Mazimpaka Ndwaniye Déogratias nyuma y’urupfu rwe kandi ko uwo yita se atigeze amwemera nk’umwana we, bityo ko nta burenganzira bushingiye ku mategeko yaheraho atanga ikirego gisaba ibyo yaregeye. [3] Mu rubanza RC00067/2023/TGI/GSBO rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo ku wa 20/06/2024, urwo Rukiko rushingiye ku ngingo ya 52, iya 73 n’iya 75 z’itegeko N˚ 27/2016 ryo ku wa 08/07/2016 rigenga imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe, impano n’izungura, no ku ngingo ya 111 y’itegeko N˚ 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, rwemeje ko : Ikirego cyatanzwe na Mazimpaka Christian gifite ishingiro; Ahabwa uruhare rwe ku mitungo yasizwe na se Mazimpaka Ndwaniye Déogratias wapfuye; Umutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 1/02/11/03/1993, uherereye mu Karere ka Gasabo, Umurenge wa Ndera, Akagari ka Kibenga; Umutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 1/02/11/03/2641, uherereye mu Karere ka Gasabo, Umurenge wa Ndera, Akagari ka Kibenga; Umutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 1/02/13/02/791, uherereye mu Karere ka Gasabo, Umurenge wa Remera, Akagari ka Nyarutarama; Umutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 1/02/08/03/357, uherereye mu Karere ka Gasabo, Umurenge wa Kimihurura, Akagari ka Rugando, Umudugudu wa Gasange, yose yanditswe kuri Rwigema Joséphine, Mazimpaka Christian ahabwaho uruhare rwe rungana na 8.3 % by’igiteranyo cyayo; Rwigema Joséphine aha Mazimpaka Cjristian amafaranga ibihumbi magana atandatu (600,000Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka n’amafaranga ibihumbi makumyabiri (20,000Frw) yatanzeho ingwate arega. [4] Rwigema Joséphine yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, ubujurire bwe bwandikwa kuri RCA00279/2024/HC/KIG. Mu gihe rutaraburanishwa, Mazimpaka Christian yatanze ikirego cyihutirwa asaba urukiko kuba rumugeneye aho yaba abaye by’agateganyo. Yavuze ko impamvu y’ikirego cyihutirwa ari uko abayeho nabi cyane, ko nta kazi afite ngo abe yakodesha inzu yo kubamo, akaba amaze

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amezi atatu (3) atishyura amafaranga y’ubukode, bityo ko atinya ko bazamusohora mu nzu ntabone aho aba. [5] Uhagarariye Rwigema Joséphine yireguye avuga ko ikirego cyihutirwa Mazimpaka Christian yatanze kidakwiye guhabwa ishingiro, kubera ko asaba kuba ahawe aho kuba mu mutungo wa Mazimpaka Ndwaniye Déogratias kandi nta kigaragaza ko ari umwe mu bana be, ko nta n’ubwihutirwe agaragaza ndetse nta n’igihombo kidasubirwaho agaragaza yagira aramutse adahawe aho aba abaye mu gihe urubanza rutaracibwa mu mizi. Yavuze kandi ko ibyo asaba inkiko zamaze kubifataho ibyemezo, ko niba ashaka ko ibyo asaba byihuta, yakoresha ADN cyangwa se agategereza ko urubanza rucibwa burundu. [6] Mu rubanza RC00024/2024/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 28/11/2024, urwo Rukiko rushingiye ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RCA005/13/CS rwo ku wa 10/02/2014, haburana Nyiramana Chantal na Nayino Patricie, rwemeje ko ikirego cya Mazimpaka Christian cyakiriwe kandi ko gifite ishingiro, rutegeka Rwigema Joséphine guha by’agateganyo Mazimpaka Christian, mu gihe hategerejwe ko urubanza RCA00279/2024/HC/KIG rucibwa burundu, inzu yo kubamo, iri mu kibanza UPI: 1/02/08/03/357, iri mu Mudugudu wa Gasave, Akagari ka Kimihurura, Umurenge wa Kimihurura, Akarere ka Gasabo, Umujyi wa Kigali, rutegeka ko indishyi zasabwe mu rubanza zibaye zisubitswe. [7] Ku wa 30/11/2024, Rwigema Joséphine yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, ubujurire bwe bwandikwa kuri RCA00013/2024/CA, maze nyuma y’imihango ntegurarubanza yose, iburanisha rishyirwa ku wa 08/01/2015. [8] Uwo munsi ababuranyi bitabye Urukiko, Rwigema Joséphine yunganiwe na Me Munini Patrick, Mazimpaka Christian ahagarariwe na Me Ngarambe Luc Martin. Mu myanzuro no mu miburanire, Rwigema Joséphine n’umwunganira basaba Urukiko gusuzuma niba hari impamvu zihutirwa zatuma Mazimpaka Christian ahabwa aho kuba by’agateganyo kandi umuryango utemera ko ari umuzungura wa nyakwigendera, no gusuzuma niba inzu umupfakazi arereramo abana b’imfubyi ari yo igomba guhabwa Mazimpaka Christian usaba kuzungura. [9] Uhagarariye Mazimpaka Christian yireguye avuga ko ingingo z’ubujurire za Rwigema Joséphine zidafite ishingiro. [10] Urukiko rubyibwirije, rwazamuye inzitizi irebana no kumenya niba Mazimpaka Christian yari afite ububasha bwo gutanga ikirego cyihutirwa mu Rukiko Rukuru kandi atari we wareze mu rubanza rw’iremezo. [11] Uhagarariye Mazimpaka Christian yasobanuye ko umuburanyi uwo ariwe wese mu rubanza rw’iremezo, afite uburenganzira bwo gutanga ikirego cyihutirwa. [12] Rwigema Joséphine n’umwunganira bavuze ko bari basobanuriye Urukiko Rukuru ko icyo kirego cyihutirwa kitari gikwiye kwakirwa. [13] Nyuma y’izo mpaka, Urukiko rurasuzuma ibibazo bikurikira: Kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rwaragombaga kwakira ikirego cyihutirwa cyatanzwe na Mazimpaka Christian ; Kumenya niba hari impamvu zihutirwa zatuma Mazimpaka Christian ahabwa aho kuba by’agateganyo; Kumenya niba inzu Rwigema Joséphine abamo n’abana be ari yo ikwiye guhabwa Mazimpaka Christian

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II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rwaragombaga kwakira ikirego cyihutirwa cyatanzwe na Mazimpaka Christian [14] Urukiko rushingiye ku ngingo ya 1291, igika cya kabiri y’itegeko N˚ 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, rwabyukije inzitizi irebana no kuba Mazimpaka Christian ari we watanze ikirego cyihutirwa mu Rukiko Rukuru kandi yararegwaga, mu gihe hari imanza inkiko zatanzeho umurongo uvuga ko ufite ububasha bwo gutanga ikirego cyihutirwa ari uwareze mu rubanza rw’iremezo. [15] Uhagarariye Mazimpaka Christian yavuze ko igihe cyose hari urubanza rw’iremezo, yaba umuburanyi urega cyangwa uregwa, buri wese afite uburenganzira bwo gutanga ikirego cyihutirwa kandi ko hari imanza nyinshi zatanze umurongo ku kibazo gisa n’iki. Avuga kandi ko yumva kuba umuburanyi yatanga ikirego cyihutirwa atabyemerewe, biterekeranye n’ububasha bw’umuburanyi bwo gutanga ikirego, ndetse ko atari inzitizi y’indemyagihugu ku buryo Urukiko rwayibyutsa rubyibwirije. [16] Rwigema Joséphine n’umwunganira bavuga ko mbere hose bari bagaragarije Urukiko Rukuru ko ikirego cyihutirwa cya Mazimpaka Christian kitagombaga kwakirwa, kuko cyari cyaraburanishijwe mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, ko rero kuba atarajuririye icyemezo cyafashwe, byumvikana ko yari yemeye icyemezo Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwari rwarafashe mu rubanza rw’ikirego cyihutirwa. Uko Urukiko rubibona [17] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rwaragombaga kwakira ikirego cyihutirwa cyatanzwe na Mazimpaka Christian. [18] Impaka nk’izi zafashweho umurongo mu rubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ndetse n’imanza zitandukanye zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, aho izo nkiko zasobanuye ko umuburanyi utaratangije urubanza rw’iremezo, atemerewe gutanga ikirego cyihutirwa, ko mu gihe uregwa atanze ikirego cyihutirwa, icyo kirego kitagomba kwakirwa2. [19] Kimwe no muri izo manza, muri uru rubanza naho, Rwigema Joséphine ni we wajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru, ariko Mazimpaka Christian atanga ikirego cyihutirwa, kirakirwa gisuzumwa mu mizi nyamara atari we watanze ikirego cy’iremezo muri urwo Rukiko. [20] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro byatanzwe mu murongo wafashwe mu manza zasuzumwemo ikibazo gisa n’iki, uru Rukiko rurasanga ikirego cyihutirwa Mazimpaka Christian yatanze mu Rukiko Rukuru, kitaragombaga kwakirwa.

1 Iyo ngingo y’itegeko ivuga ko “Iyo inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego ari indemyagihugu nko kurenza igihe cyo kujurira, kutagira ububasha, ubushobozi cyangwa inyungu byo kurega, ishobora kubyutswa n’umuburanyi cyangwa urukiko rubyibwirije igihe icyo ari cyo byose.” 2 Muri izo manza harimo urubanza RCOMA00004/2023/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 16/02/2024, haburana Life Goal Company Ltd na Niyonsaba Edouard, igika cya 21. -Urubanza n˚ RCOM 00004/2023/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 14/07/2023, haburana Entreprise Muhamyankaka Venuste na Wild Urban International Development Ltd, igika cya 15-16. -Urubanza n˚ RCOMA 00006/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 23/05/2022, haburana Nzirorera Cyprien na Muhimpundu Rosine, igika cya 23. -Urubanza n˚ RCOM 0011/13/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 10/01/2013, haburana Ben Benzinge na Natural Resources Development Rwanda Ltd, igika cya 15.

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[21] Ku bijyanye no kuba uhagarariye Mazimpaka Christian avuga ko ikibazo cy’ububasha bw’urega atari inzitizi y’indemyagihugu ku buryo Urukiko rwayibyutsa rubyibwirije, Urukiko rurasanga nta shingiro bifite kuko adasobanura icyo ashingiraho anenga ibyo itegeko riteganya byagaragajwe haruguru. [22] Ibyerekeranye n’inkurikizi zo kuba ikirego cyihutirwa cyatanzwe n’uwarezwe kitagombaga kwakirwa, nabyo byafashweho umurongo mu rubanza RCOMA00004/2023/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 16/02/2024, haburana Life Goal Company Ltd na Niyonsaba Edouard, mu gika cya 23 cy’urwo rubanza, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwasobanuye ko kuba Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwarakiriye ikirego cyihutirwa nyamara rutaragombaga kucyakira, urubanza rwajuririwe rugomba guteshwa agaciro. [23] Kimwe rero no muri uru rubanza, Urukiko Rukuru rwakiriye ikirego cyihutirwa cyatanzwe na Mazimpaka Christian rutaragombaga kucyakira nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru. Kubera izo mpamvu, urubanza RC00024/2024/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 28/11/2024 rugomba guteshwa agaciro. Urukiko rurasanga kandi bitakiri ngombwa gusuzuma ingingo z’ubujurire zatanzwe na Rwigema Joséphine. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [24] Rwemeje ko ikirego cyihutirwa cyatanzwe na Mazimpaka Christian kitagombaga kwakirwa n’Urukiko Rukuru. [25] Rwemeje ko urubanza RC00024/2024/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 28/11/2024 ruteshejwe agaciro. [26] Ruvuze ko amafaranga y’ingwate y’amagarama Rwigema Joséphine yatanze ajurira, ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza.