UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MBANZABUGABO

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MBANZABUGABO

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-01-30 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00318/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MBANZABUGABO [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00318/2024/CA (Rugabirwa, P.J.,) 30 Mutarama 2025] Amategeko agenga ibyaha n’ibihano – Icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi – Uregwa ntiyakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano, iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yarabigabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo. .Incamake y’ikibazo: Uwitwa Mbanzabugabo Jean yafatanwe urumogi rwuzuye envelope rungana n’amagarama 750g. Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi busaba ko ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ingana na 20.000.000 Frw. Mbanzabugabo Jean yaburanye yemera icyaha ariko akavuga ko urumogi yafatanywe rungana n’amagarama 750g atari urwo gucuruza kuko atari umucuruzi warwo, ko ahubwo yari umukomisiyoneri wo gufasha nyirarwo kurucuruza. Uru Rukiko rwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000Frw. Mbanzabugabo Jean ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza maze ajurira mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano avuga ko ari birebire kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko n’ubwo Mbanzabugabo Jean yemera icyaha, atagabanyirizwa ibihano kubera ko icyaha yakoze cyagize ingaruka zikomeye harebwe ingano y’urumogi yafatanywe. Urukiko Rukuru rushingiye ku kwemera icyaha kwa Mbanzabugabo Jean, aho yemeye ko yafatanywe urumogi rungana n’amagarama 750g, kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe n’Inkiko kandi akaba yari asanzwe yitwara neza muri sosiyete, rwaciye urubanza maze rwemeza ko imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe ihindutse gusa ku bijyanye n’ibihano, maze rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.100. 000 000 Frw) Mbanzabugabo Jean yajuririye na none urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko akwiye kongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, kubera ko Urukiko Rukuru rwamuhanishije ibihano birebire kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi, asaba guhanishwa igifungo kiri munsi y’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ingana na 5.000.000 Frw. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Mbanzabugabo Jean atakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, kubera ko yabigabanyirijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, bityo ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, kuko atagaragaje inenge ziri mu rubanza rujuririrwa.

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Incamake y’icyemezo: Uregwa ntiyakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano, iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yarabigabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite.

Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura itegeko N° 68/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 11; Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2.

Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RPA 0129/10/CS, rw’ Ubushinjacyaha na Mpitabakana, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 7/03/2014; Urubanza RPA 0249/13/CS rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Nteziryayo, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 25/11/2016; Urubanza RPAA 00424/2022/CA rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Ngiruwonsanga Ibrahim, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 25/09/2024.

Urubanza

I.IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 21/03/2020, ahagana saa kumi n’ebyiri z’umugoroba (18h00’) Mbanzabugabo Jean yafatanwe urumogi rwuzuye envelope rungana n’amagarama 750g, yafatishijwe n’umuntu wigeze kurunywa wamuhamagaye amubwira ko yamuzanira urumogi rwo kugura, aruzanye, ahita afatwa n’abashinzwe kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge. [2] Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Mbanzabugabo Jean mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi busaba ko ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ingana na 20.000.000 Frw. [3] Mbanzabugabo Jean yaburanye yemera icyaha ariko akavuga ko urumogi yafatanywe rungana n’amagarama 750g atari urwo gucuruza kuko atari umucuruzi warwo, ko ahubwo yari umukomisiyoneri wo gufasha nyirarwo kurucuruza. [4] Urwo Rukiko rushingiye ku kwemera icyaha kwa Mbanzabugabo Jean wemeye ko yafatanywe urumogi rungana n’amagarama 750g rwari muri envelope nk’uko anabishinjwa n’abatangabuhamya ndetse n’inyandiko mvugo y’ifatira yashyizeho umukono igaragaza ko yarufatanwe, rwaciye urubanza RP 00552/2020/TGI/NYNGE ku wa 18/05/2020, rwemeza ko Mbanzabugabo Jean ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, rumuhanisha

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igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000Frw, rutegeka ko anyagwa urwo rumogi rugatwikwa n’inzego zibifite ububasha. [5] Mbanzabugabo Jean yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano birebire yahawe kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha. Naho uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko n’ubwo Mbanzabugabo Jean yemera icyaha, atagabanyirizwa ibihano kubera ko icyaha yakoze cyagize ingaruka zikomeye harebwe ingano y’urumogi yafatanywe. [6] Urukiko Rukuru rushingiye ku kwemera icyaha kwa Mbanzabugabo Jean, aho yemeye ko yafatanywe urumogi rungana n’amagarama 750g arubitse muri envelope, kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe n’Inkiko kandi akaba yari asanzwe yitwara neza muri sosiyete, rwaciye urubanza RPA 00758/2020/HC/KIG ku wa 11/03/2024, rwemeza ko imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe ihindutse gusa ku bijyanye n’ibihano, ruhanisha Mbanzabugabo Jean igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.100. 000 000 Frw)11. [7] Mbanzabugabo Jean yajuririye na none urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, ubujurire bwe bwandikwa kuri RPAA 00318/2024/CA, urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 10/01/2025, Mbanzabugabo Jean yunganiwe na Me RWIMO Clotilde, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Ntawangundi Béatrice, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [8] Mu mwanzuro w’ubujurire no mu miburanire, Mbanzabugabo Jean n’umwunganira, bavuga ko akwiye kongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano kubera ko yemera icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi, kuba ari ubwa mbere agikoze kuko yari asanzwe yitwara neza, kuba icyaha yakoze nta ngaruka cyateje, kuko yafashwe arimo ashaka umuguzi w’urumogi yafatanwe, ko ahubwo ariwe wumvise ingaruka zacyo. [9] Naho uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Mbanzabugabo Jean atakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano kubera ko ibyo asaba yabihawe n’Urukiko Rukuru. [10] Urukiko ruhereye kuri izo mpaka, rurasanga ikibazo gikwiye gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ari icyo kumenya niba Mbanzabugabo Jean yakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano kubera ko yemera icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi. II. IKIBAZO KIRI MU RUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYACYO

Kumenya niba Mbanzabugabo Jean yakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano kubera ko yemera icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi [11] Mbanzabugabo Jean n’umwunganira, bavuga ko akwiye kongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, kubera ko Urukiko Rukuru rwamuhanishije ibihano birebire kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi, agahanishwa igifungo kiri munsi y’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ingana na 5.000.000 Frw nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 (a) na (d) y’Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa

1Muri motivation, Urukiko Rukuru rwasobanuye ko Mbanzabugabo Jean agomba guhanishwa ihazabu ingana na 5.100.000 Frw, ariko mu cyemezo cyarwo rwandika ko ahanishijwe miliyoni eshanu (5.100.000 Frw).

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04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo kuwa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, aho kuba ihazabu ingana 5.100.000 Frw hashingiwe kuri iyo mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha, no kuba ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha, kuko yari asanzwe yitwara neza, kuba yaragororotse, ndetse no kuba yarabonye ingaruka z’icyaha yakoze kuko yashyize umuryango we mu kaga. [12] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Mbanzabugabo Jean atakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, kubera ko yabigabanyirijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, rumuhanisha ibihano bito bingana n’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.100.000 Frw biteganywa n’ingingo ya 2, agace ka (a) na (d) y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ryavuzwe haruguru, bityo ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, kuko atagaragaje inenge ziri mu rubanza rujuririrwa. [13] Asobanura ko kuba Mbanzabugabo Jean atarakwirakwije ibiyobyabwange by’urumogi, bitaturutse ku bushake bwe, ko ahubwo byatewe n’uko yarufatanwe n’abashinzwe kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [14] Ingingo ya 11 y’Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura itegeko N° 68/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko “Umuntu wese ukora, uhinga, uhindura, utunda, ubika, uha undi, ugurisha mu gihugu ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo mu buryo bunyuranije n’amategeko, aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko ahanishwa: 1 º igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda arenze miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw) ariko atarenze miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 Frw) ku byerekeye ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye”. [15] Naho ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko: “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15“; “(d) igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe”. [16] Ikibazo cy’uko uregwa atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano, iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yarabigabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo, cyatanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RPA 0129/10/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 7/03/2014, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mpitabakana. Uwo murongo ninawo wagiye ushingirwaho mu manza zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga nk’urubanza RPA 0249/13/CS rwaciwe ku wa 25/11/2016 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nteziryayo n’imanza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko nk’urubanza RPAA 00424/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 25/09/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ngiruwonsanga Ibrahim ( mu gika cya 18). [17] Nk’uko bigaragarira mu bika bya 10 n’icya 11 by’urubanza rwajuririwe muri uru Rukiko, Urukiko Rukuru rwagabanyirije Mbanzabugabo Jean ibihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha z’uko yemeye icyaha anagisabira imbabazi kuva agifatwa kugera muri urwo Rukiko, kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe n’Inkiko kuko yari asanzwe yitwara neza muri

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sosiyete, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5. 100 000Frw, aho kuba igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000 Frw yari yahawe mbere. [18] Hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 (a) na (d) y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, no ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RPA 0129/10/CS rwaciwe ku wa 7/03/2014 rwavuzwe haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga kuba urumogi rungana n’amagarama 750g, Mbanzabugabo Jean yafatanwe rwari urwo gucuruza, kuko yafashwe arimo kurushakira umuguzi nk’uko yabyiyemereye mu mwanzuro wo ku wa 06/05/2024 yatanze muri uru Rukiko, Urukiko Rukuru rukaba rwaramuhanishije igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.100.000 Frw hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshya cyaha zavuzwe haruguru, aho kuba igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000 Frw nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 11 y’Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 ryavuzwe haruguru, bigaragara ko Mbanzabugabo Jean atakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, kuko yabigabanyirijwe bihagije ahanishwa ibihano bito (minimum) biteganyirijwe icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi yahamijwe nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru. [19] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ibivugwa na Mbanzabugabo Jean n’umwunganizi we, by’uko yahanishwa igihano cy’ihazabu kingana na 5.000.000 Frw, aho kuba 5.100.000 Frw yahawe mbere nta shingiro bifite, kuko nta kosa Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze mu kumuhanisha ihazabu ingana na 5.100.000 Frw, kuko harebwe imyandikire y’ingingo ya 2, agace ka (d) y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ryavuzwe haruguru2, umucamanza adategetswe byanze bikuze kugabanyiriza uregwa igihano cy’ihazabu akakigeza kuri kimwe cya kane cyacyo, ko ahubwo icy’ingenzi aruko igihano yamuhanishije kiba kiri mu mbibi z’icyo amategeko ateganya hashingiwe ku mikorere n’uburemere bw’icyaha cyakozwe nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko Nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu33. [20] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rero ubujurire bwa Mbanzabugabo Jean nta shingiro bufite, bityo n’urubanza rwajuririwe rukaba rutagomba guhinduka. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [21] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Mbanzabugabo Jean nta shingiro bufite. [22] Ruvuze ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA 00758/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, ku wa 11/03/2024, idahindutse, ko igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni

2Ingingo ya 2 (d) y’Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko: “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: “(d) igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe.

3 Ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko Nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, iteganya ko “Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw'icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo”.

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eshanu n’ibihumbi ijana (5.100.000 Frw) Mbanzabugabo Jean yahanishijwe n’urwo Rukiko bigumyeho. [23] Rutegetse ko amagarama y’urubanza aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta.