UBUSHINJACYAHA vs MBARUSHIMANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA vs MBARUSHIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-11-22 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00516/2023/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA vs MBARUSHIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00516/2023/CA (Rukundakuvuga P.J.) 22 Ugushyingo 2024] Amategeko yerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha – Amategeko agenga ikoreshwa ry’imanza zitanga umurongo – Mu rwego rwo kubahiriza amahame agenga guca imanza hagendewe ku manza zatanze umurongo, izaciwe nyuma nizo zigomba kugenderwaho kuruta izaciwe mbere. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ubushinjacyaha bwareze MBARUSHIMANA Claude mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, busaba ko ahamwa n’icyo cyaha, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25). Uregwa yaburanye yemera icyaha, asobanura uko yagikoze anagisabira imbabazi. Urukiko rwaciye urubanza rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’umwe (21) n’amezi atatu (3). Uregwa yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru/urugereko rwa Rwamagana asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha akagisabira imbabazi kandi akacyicuza, akaba ari bwo bwa mbere yari akurikiranywe n’ubutabera no kuba D.C ariwe wamusanze aho yari acumbitse, agasaba ko bifatwa nk’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zituma agabanyirizwa igihano. Urwo Rukiko rushingiye ku mirongo yatanzwe mu rubanza no RPAA 00291/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/09/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NDAYAMBAJE Sylvain, urubanza no RPAA 00175/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 22/09/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na HAKIZIMANA Félicien n’urubanza n° RPAA 00575/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 24/02/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na MANIRAKIZA Sylvère bose bahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) hashingiwe ku mpamvu zijya gusa n’iza MBARUSHIMANA Claude, rwemeje ko mu rwego rwo gutanga ubutabera bungana ku bibazo bisa, MBARUSHIMANA Claude nawe akwiye kugabanyirizwa agahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), ariko yongera kujuririra Urukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko akomeje gutakambira urukiko ngo ruce inkoni izamba rumugabanyirize ibihano. Incamake y’icyemezo: Mu rubanza nº RPAA 00232/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 20/09/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NDAMAGE Thierry w’imyaka 22 wasambanyije umwana w’imyaka 15, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye ku kuba yaraburanye yemera icyaha, rwamuhanishije igifungo cy’imyaka 13. Naho mu rubanza nº RPAA 00518/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 27/09/2024 haburama Ubushinjacyaha na NIZEYIMANA Martin w’imyaka 24 nawe wasambanyije umwana w’imyaka 15, waburanye yemera icyaha, nawe rwamuhanishije igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 13. Nubwo urubanza nº RPAA 00057/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 19/04/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NSABIMANA Daniel w’imyaka 34 wasambanyije umwana w’imyaka 15 rwatanze igihano cy’imyaka 15, kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha, mu rwego rwo kubahiriza amahame agenga guca imanza hagendewe ku manza zatanze umurongo, izi zaciwe nyuma nizo zigomba kugenderwaho MBARUSHIMANA Claude akaba akwiye guhanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 13. Amategeko yakoreshejwe: Itegeko n˚ 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 49. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPA 00060/2021/CA Ubushinjacyaha vs NSABIMANA Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022. RPAA 00291/2022/CA, Ubushinjacyaha vs NDAYAMBAJE Sylvain rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/09/2023. RPAA 00175/2022/CA, Ubushinjacyaha vs HAKIZIMANA Félicien rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/09/2023.

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RPAA 00575/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha vs MANIRAKIZA Sylvère rwaciwe ku wa 24/02/2023. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro; Urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukururuhindutse gusa ku bijyanye n’igihano. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 30/09/2020 mu gihe cya 16:00, MBARUSHIMANA Claude, ari mu Mudugudu wa Kabigembe, Akagari ka Rugoma, Umurenge wa Nasho, Akarere ka Kirehe, Intara y’Iburasirazuba, yaketsweho gusambanya D.C1 wari ufite imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) y’amavuko, arafatwa ashyikirizwa Ubugenzacyaha butangira gukora iperereza. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwamuregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, busaba ko ahamwa n’icyo cyaha, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25). MBARUSHIMANA Claude yaburanye yemera icyaha, asobanura uko yagikoze anagisabira imbabazi. [3] Mu rubanza no RP 01000/2020/TGI/NGOMA rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma ku wa 25/11/2020, Urukiko rushingiye ku kwemera icyaha k’uregwa, imvugo z’abatangabuhamya, n’icyemezo cy’amavuko cy’uwasambanyijwe rwemeje ko MBARUSHIMANA Claude ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana D.C, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’umwe (21) n’amezi atatu (3). [4] MBARUSHIMANA Claude yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru/urugereko rwa Rwamagana; asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha akagisabira imbabazi kandi akacyicuza, ko ari bwo bwa mbere yari akurikiranywe n’ubutabera no kuba D.C ariwe wamusanze aho yari acumbitse, agasaba ko bifatwa nk’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zituma agabanyirizwa igihano. [5] Mu rubanza no RPA 00165/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe ku wa 27/11/2023, Urukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rushingiye ku mirongo yatanzwe mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, rwasanze kuba MBARUSHIMANA Claude yaraburanye ku rwego rubanza yemera icyaha, agisabira imbabazi, akaba aribwo bwa mbere yari akurikiranyweho icyaha ku buryo buzwi (les bons antécédents du coupable), akaba atari asanzwe azwiho imyitwaririre mibi no kuba yarakoze icyaha akiva mu busore kuko yari afite imyaka makumyabiri n’itandatu (26) y’amavuko, ibyo bikwiye gushingirwaho agabanyirizwa igihano, rwemeza ko ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), gisimbura igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’umwe (21) n’amezi atatu (3) yahanishijwe mbere. [6] MBARUSHIMANA Claude ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza ajurira mu rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza rwe ruhabwa n° RPAA 00516/2023/CA. Iburanisha mu ruhame ryashyizwe ku wa 13 Ugushyingo 2024, uwo munsi ugeze MBARUSHIMANA Claude yitaba yunganiwe na Me NZAKAMWITA Faustin naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na NTAHONDI Béatrice. [7] Mu bujurire bwe MBARUSHIMANA Claude n’umwunganizi we bavuga ko yaburanye yemera icyaha ku buryo budashidikanywaho, anagisabira imbabazi, akaba ari ubwa mbere yari akoze icyaha kandi yari asanzwe yitwara neza no kuba nta ngaruka zikomeye icyaha yakoze cyateje; akaba akomeje gutakambira urukiko ngo ruce inkoni izamba rumugabanyirize ibihano.

1 Iri ni izina uwahohotewe yahawe muri izi manza mu rwego rwo kumurindira umutekano.

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[8] Uhagararariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko MBARUSHIMANA Claude atagaragaza icyo anenga imikirize y’urubanza ajuririra, nk’uko biteganywa mu ngingo ya 183 y’Itegeko nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, iteganya ko ujurira agomba kugaragaza mu mwanzuro we icyo anenga urubanza ajuririra cyangwa akerekana amakosa yakozwe noneho akanagaragaza impamvu n’ibimenyetso ashingiraho asaba ko bikosorwa. [9] Urukiko rusanga ikibazo gikwiye gusuzumwa ari ikijyanye no kumenya niba MBARUSHIMANA Claude ashobora kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba MBARUSHIMANA Claude akwiye kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. [10] MBARUSHIMANA Claude n’umwunganizi we bavuga ko yajuririye igihano cy’igifungo cy'imyaka 15 yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Rwamagana. Basobanura ko MBARUSHIMANA Claude atakambira urukiko rw’Ubujurire arusaba guca inkoni izamba, rukita ku kuba yemera icyaha ku buryo budashidikanywaho, kuba bwari ubwa mbere aguye mu cyaha, kuba nta yindi myitwarire mibi yigeze imuranga, no kuba hari itegeko rishya ryashyizeho uburyo bushya bwo kugabanya igihano, bumworohereza (loi favorable). Basaba Urukiko gushingira kuri ibyo, rukamuvana ku gifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) yahawe, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10) kugira ngo abashe gusubira muri sosiyete. [11] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko MBARUSHIMANA Claude n’umwunganizi we batagaragaza icyo banenga imikirize y’urubanza ajuririra, nk’uko biteganywa mu ngingo ya 183 y’Itegeko nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha. Asobanura ko MBARUSHIMANA Claude akomeza gusaba kugabanyirizwa kandi yaragabanyirijwe bihagije n’Urukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Rwamagana. Ku bijyanye n’itegeko rishya rigena uburyo bushya bwo kugabanya ibihano, avuga ko hari imanza zashingiye kuri iryo tegeko kandi zatanze igihano nk’icyo MBARUSHIMANA Claude yahawe cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), muri izo manza atanga urugero rw’urubanza no RPAA 00486/2021/CA. Akavuga ko rero hashingiwe kuri ibyo, MBARUSHIMANA Claude adakwiye kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [12] Impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba MBARUSHIMANA Claude ashobora kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. [13] Ikibazo cyo kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano mu gihe ariyo mpamvu yonyine y’ubujurire, uru Rukiko rwagitanzeho umurongo mu rubanza n° RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha, NSABIMANA Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be. Muri urwo rubanza Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwagaragaje ko mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga rubanza rwajuririwe uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo ari rwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko n˚ 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange2. [14] Mu bika bikurikira, harasuzumwa niba MBARUSHIMANA Claude akwiye kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano, hitawe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zari zemewe n’Urukiko Rukuru/Urugereko

2 Reba rubanza N° RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha, NSABIMANA Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be, igika cya 252-254.

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rwa Rwamagana n’igihano yahawe ndetse rubihuze n’ibihano uru Rukiko rwagiye rutanga ku bandi nkawe mu rwego rwo gutanga ubutabera bumwe ku bibazo bisa. [15] Nk’uko bigaragara mu rubanza rujuririrwa kuva mu gika cya 18 kugeza mu gika cya 20, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwasobanuye ko hashingiwe ku kuba MBARUSHIMANA Claude yaraburanye yemera icyaha, kuba ari bwo bwa mbere yari akurikiranywe n’ubutabera no kuba yicuza icyaha yakoze, rusanga mu manza ziheruka gucibwa n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku bantu bahamijwe icyaha mu buryo bwenda gusa nk’ubwe baragabanyirijwe igihano. [16] Urwo Rukiko rushingiye ku rubanza no RPAA 00291/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/09/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NDAYAMBAJE Sylvain, urubanza no RPAA 00175/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 22/09/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na HAKIZIMANA Félicien n’urubanza n° RPAA 00575/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 24/02/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na MANIRAKIZA Sylvère bose bahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) hashingiwe ku mpamvu zijya gusa n’iza MBARUSHIMANA Claude, rwemeje ko mu rwego rwo gutanga ubutabera bungana ku bibazo bisa, MBARUSHIMANA Claude nawe akwiye kugabanyirizwa agahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). [17] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga koko Urukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwarageneye MBARUSHIMANA Claude igihano rugendeye ku manza zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku kibazo gisa nk’icye. Rusanga ariko imanza zose rwashingiyeho zaraciwe mbere y’uko hasohoka itegeko no 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ryashyizeho uburyo bushya bwo kugabanya ibihano3; bityo zikaba zidashobora gushingirwaho n’uru Rukiko, mu gihe hari imanza rwaciye ku kibazo gisa n’icye nyuma y’uko hasohotse itegeko rishya kandi rigabanya ibihano. [18] Mu rubanza nº RPAA 00232/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 20/09/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NDAMAGE Thierry w’imyaka 22 wasambanyije umwana w’imyaka 15, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye ku kuba yaraburanye yemera icyaha, kuba ari bwo yari akiva mu myaka y’ubuto, kuba ari n’ubwa mbere yari akurikiranwe mu butabera ku buryo buzwi, rwamuhanishije igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itatu (13). Naho mu rubanza nº RPAA 00518/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 27/09/2024 haburama Ubushinjacyaha na NIZEYIMANA Martin w’imyaka 24 nawe wasambanyije umwana w’imyaka 15, waburanye yemera icyaha, ari bwo bwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha ku buryo buzwi, uru Rukiko nawe rwamuhanishije igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itatu (13). [19] Turasanga izi manza zivuzwe mu gika kibanziriza iki, zose zarashingiye ku mpamvu zisa n’izashingiweho MBARUSHIMANA Claude agabanyirizwa igihano mu rubanza rujuririrwa, ndetse abaregwa bakaba bari mu kigero cy’imyaka ijya kungana: imyaka 22 na 24 y’amavuko, mu gihe MBARUSHIMANA Claude afite imyaka 26. Ibi bigaragaza ko nawe ari mu kigero kidatandukanye cyane n’abaregwaga mu manza zavuzwe, bityo akaba akwiye guhanishwa igihano kimwe nabo. [20] Ku bijyanye n’ibyo Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko nyuma y’uko hasohokeye itegeko rishya rivugurura uburyo bwo kugabanya ibihano, hari imanza zashingiye kuri iryo tegeko kandi zatanze igihano nk’icyo MBARUSHIMANA Claude yahawe cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), muri izo manza bugatanga urugero rw’urubanza no RPAA 00486/2021/CA, uru Rukiko rurasanga uru rubanza Ubushinjacyaha butangaho urugero rudashobora kugereranywa n’urubanza rwa MBARUSHIMANA Claude, kuko ari urubanza ku cyaha cyo kunywa ibiyobyabwenge kandi uwaregwaga akaba yarahanishijwe igihano cy’imyaka itanu (5). Icyakora, uru Rukiko rusanga koko hari urubanza rwaciwe nyuma y’uko itegeko rishya risohotse ku kibazo

3 mu ngingo ya kabiri y’iryo tegeko rivuga ko uregwa ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: “… (b) igifungo kimara igihe kizwi kiva ku mezi 6 kuzamura gishobora kugabanywa, ariko ntikijye munsi ya kimwe cya kabiri cy’igihano gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe”.

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gisa n’icya MBARUSHIMANA Claude rwatanze igihano cy’imyaka 15, urwo ni urubanza nº RPAA 00057/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 19/04/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NSABIMANA Daniel w’imyaka 34 wasambanyije umwana w’imyaka 15, waburanye yemera icyaha kandi ari ubwa mbere akurikiranweho icyaha mu nkiko. [21] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ariko, imanza zavuzwe mu gika cya 18 zaraciwe nyuma y’uru tuvuze mu gika kibanziriza iki, bityo, mu rwego rwo kubahiriza amahame agenga guca imanza hagendewe ku manza zatanze umurongo, izi zaciwe nyuma akaba arizo zigomba kugenderwaho4; bityo MBARUSHIMANA Claude akaba akwiye guhanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 13 nk’icyatanzwe mu manza zavuzwe. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [22] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa MBARUSHIMANA Claude bufite ishingiro; [23] Rwemeje ko urubanza no RPA 00165/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe ku wa 27/11/2023, n’Urukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, ruhindutse gusa ku bijyanye n’igihano; [24] Ruhanishije MBARUSHIMANA Claude igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itatu (13); [25] Rutegetse ko MBARUSHIMANA Claude asonewe amagarama y'urubanza kuko aburana afunze.

4 Mu rubanza n° RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha, NSABIMANA Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi mu gika cyarwo cya 55 rwasobanuye ko Guhindura umurongo bishobora gukorwa mu buryo bweruye (explicite) cyangwa buteruye (implicite). Iyo bikozwe mu buryo bweruye, ari nabwo buryo bukunze kubaho kandi bukwiriye, urukiko rugereranya ikiburanwa n’icyemezo rwafashe ku bibazo bisa nacyo, rwamara kwemeza ko bisa, rugasuzuma umurongo rwari rwafashe, rugasobanura impamvu udakwiye gukomeza kugenderwaho; ko rwari rwibeshye ruwufata, ko utakijyanye n’igihe cyangwa se indi mpamvu rwasobanura; hanyuma rukemeza ko uwo murongo uhindutse. Icyakora, bishobora kubaho ko urukiko rusuzuma ikibazo rwashyikirijwe, rukagifataho icyemezo rutabanje kugenzura ko icyo kibazo cyasuzumwe mbere mu rubanza rwabaye itegeko rukagifataho umurongo runaka, rugafata icyemezo kiri mu murongo unyuranye cyangwa uvuguruza usanzweho. Ibyo bishobora guterwa no kutamenya, uburangare cyangwa ubucukumbuzi buke. Ibyo aribyo byose, iyo ibyo bibaye, hubahirizwa umurongo watanzwe nyuma. Mu yandi magambo umurongo uherutse niwo uba ukwiye kubahirizwa n’urwo Rukiko ndetse n’inkiko ziri munsi yarwo.