MBARUSHIMANA v. NTIVUGURUZWA N’ABANDI

# MBARUSHIMANA v. NTIVUGURUZWA N’ABANDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-11-22 - Case/document no.: RCAA 00009/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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MBARUSHIMANA v. NTIVUGURUZWA N’ABANDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RCAA 00009/2024/CA (Kamere, P.J.) 22 Ugushyingo 2024] Amategeko agenga ububasha bw’Inkiko – Ububasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire – Gutsindwa mu Nkiko zombi ku mpamvu zimwe – Mu gusuzuma niba umuburanyi yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, harebwa icyaburanwaga n’imitekerereze ya buri rukiko (raisonnement juridique) mu kugaragaza impamvu zashingiweho kugira ngo rugere ku cyemezo rwafashe, hitawe ku kureba niba ingingo zaburanywe mbere ari zo zagarutsweho mu bujurire kandi ko inkiko zombi zazishubijeho mu buryo bumwe. Amategeko agenga ububasha bw’Inkiko – Ububasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire – Gutsindwa mu Nkiko ku mpamvu zimwe – Ibyaburanwe mu rwego rwa mbere ni byo ubusanzwe bigomba kuburanwa mu rwego rw’ubujurire, umucamanza wo mu rwego rw’ubujurire akibanda cyane cyane ku kugenzura niba amategeko ku rwego rwa mbere yarubahirijwe uko bikwiye hakurikijwe ibisobanuro n’ibimenyetso byari byatanzwe muri urwo rubanza, byaba ngombwa agakosora aho bikenewe. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi Ntivuguruzwa arega Mbarushimana arusaba kumutegeka kumukorera ihererekanyamutungo ku isambu baguze, ikandukurwa kuri Karasankima uhagarariwe na Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin ikamwandikwaho, anasaba indishyi z’akababaro, indishyi mbonezabukungu, iz’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ubutaka bubaruye kuri UPI :3/01/12/02/4086, bwanditse kuri Karasankima uhagarariwe na Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin bwandikwa kuri Ntivuguruzwa Ignace wabuguze, rwemeza kandi ko Mbarushimana yishyura Ntivuguruzwa Ignace amafaranga ibihumbi magana abiri (200.000 Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka. Mbarushimana yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Rusizi atanga impamvu zitandukanye z’ubujurire bwe harimo no kuba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi rwarahaye agaciro amasezerano y'ubugure bw'umutungo utimukanwa yakozwe n'abatabifitiye ububasha ndetse no mu buryo budakurikije amategeko. Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Rusizi rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ubujurire bwa Mbarushimana nta shingiro bufite, ko ubutaka bubaruye kuri UPI: 3/01/12/02/4086, bwanditse kuri Karasankima uhagarariwe na Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin bwandikwa kuri Ntivuguruzwa Ignace wabuguze mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. Mbarushimana yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko Urukiko rutasuzumye ububasha bw’ababuranyi hakurikijwe ikiregerwa cyangwa icyo rwasabwe, no kuba rwaremeje ihererekanya rudasuzumye agaciro k’amasezerano urisaba ashingiraho ikirego cye. Asoza asaba ko indishyi yategetswe kwishyura Ntivuguruzwa Ignace ku rwego rubanza zakurwaho, ahubwo agategekwa kumwishyura iz’igihembo cya Avocat zingana na 2.000.000 Frw zo kuva ku rwego rubanza kugera aha.

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Ntivuguruzwa mbere yo kwisobanura ku mpamvu z’ubujurire za Mbarushimana, yatanze inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko hashingiwe ku kuba yaratsinzwe mu Nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, bityo asaba ko ubujurire bwe butakirwa. Mbarushimana mu kwiregura kuri iyi nzitizi avuga ko nta shingiro ifite, ngo kuko atatsinzwe hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe kuko ngo impamvu inkiko zombi zabanje zashingiyeho icyemezo cyazo atari zimwe. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Mu gusuzuma niba umuburanyi yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, harebwa icyaburanwaga n’imitekerereze ya buri rukiko (raisonnement juridique) mu kugaragaza impamvu zashingiweho kugira ngo rugere ku cyemezo rwafashe, hitawe ku kureba niba ingingo zaburanywe mbere ari zo zagarutsweho mu bujurire kandi ko inkiko zombi zazishubijeho mu buryo bumwe. 2. Ibyaburanwe mu rwego rwa mbere ni byo ubusanzwe bigomba kuburanwa mu rwego rw’ubujurire hashingiwe ku ihame risanzwe mu micire y’imanza rivuga ko umucamanza wo mu rwego rwa mbere yita ku igenzura ry’ibimenyetso n’amategeko ugereranyije n’ikiburanwa, naho umucamanza wo mu rwego rw’ubujurire akibanda cyane cyane ku kugenzura niba amategeko ku rwego rwa mbere yarubahirijwe uko bikwiye hakurikijwe ibisobanuro n’ibimenyetso byari byatanzwe muri urwo rubanza, byaba ngombwa agakosora aho bikenewe. Inzitizi ifite ishingiro. Amagarama ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza. Nta mategeko yashingiweho

Imanza zifashishijwe: RS/INJUST/RCOM 00002/2020/SC; Road Solution Pavement Product Ltd vs MAILCO Ltd rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 25/09/2020; RS/INJUST/RCOM 00003/2020/SC; SANLAM AG Plc AG Ltd Vs University of Rwanda (UR) rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 27/11/2020. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Karasankima Charles wari usanzwe afite isambu isabirwa ihererekanyamutungo (mutation), yagize uruhare muri Genocide yakorewe Abatutsi mu mwaka wa 1994 yangiza imitungo, maze Urukiko Gacaca rurabimuhamya, runamutegeka kugira ibyo yishyura. Nyuma y’ifatwa ry’uwo mwanzuro, ku wa 23/10/2008, umwana we witwa Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin unahagarariye uwo muryango we afatanyije na barumuna be, mu rwego rwo kuwushyira mu bikorwa bagurishije Ntivuguruzwa Ignace iyo sambu. [2] NtivuguruzwA Ignace avuga ko kuva icyo gihe yagiye asaba Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin kumukorera ihererekanyamutungo kuri iyo sambu baguze akabyanga, bikagera n’aho

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inzego z’Ubuyobozi zitandukanye zinjira muri icyo kibazo zikamusaba kumukorera ihererekanyamutungo ry’iyo isambu baguze hakemurwa ikibazo se Karasankima Charles yateje, ariko byose ntibigire icyo bitanga. [3] Ntivuguruzwa Ignace yareze Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi, arusaba kumutegeka kumukorera ihererekanyamutungo ku isambu baguze, ikandukurwa kuri Karasankima uhagarariwe na Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin ikamwandikwaho, anasaba indishyi z’akababaro, indishyi mbonezabukungu, iz’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. [4] Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin mbere yo kwiregura ku rubanza mu mizi, yatanze inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi, avuga ko nta bubasha rufite bwo kuburanisha icyo kirego, ngo kuko ikiburanwa atari mutation nk’uko byanditse, ko ahubwo ari uburenganzira ku butaka. Avuga kandi ko Ntivuguruzwa Ignace nta nyungu n’ubushobozi afite bwo kumurega, ngo kuko atari we nyir’umutungo uburanwa, ntanabe n’uhagarariye umuryango, ko atari we wamugurishije uwo mutungo, bityo ko Ntivuguruzwa Ignace yareze uwo atagombaga kurega. [5] Ku birebana n’urubanza mu mizi, Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin yiregura avuga ko ku wa 23/10/2008 bamwe mu bagize umuryango wa Karasankima bagurishije Ntivuguruzwa Ignace ubutaka buteyeho ishyamba, bubaruye kuri UPI:3/01/12/02/4086, ariko ko abo bavukana batagize uruhare mu kugurisha ubwo butaka banze kwemera ubwo bugure, ariko ko kuba baramaze kwakira amafaranga y’uwaguze, abataremeye ubugure basaba ko Ntivuguruzwa Ignace yasubizwa amafaranga ye, ubutaka bukagaruka mu maboko y’umuryango kugeza igihe hazabera izungura. [6] Mu rubanza RC 00044/2021/TGI/KNG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi ku wa 11/10/2022 rwemeje ibi bikurikira : a. Ko inzitizi zatanzwe na Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin nta shingiro zifite ; b. Ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Ntivuguruzwa Ignace gifite ishingiro ; c. Ko ubutaka bubaruye kuri UPI :3/01/12/02/4086, bwanditse kuri Karasankima uhagarariwe na Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin bwandikwa kuri Ntivuguruzwa Ignace wabuguze ; d. Ko Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin yishyura Ntivuguruzwa Ignace amafaranga ibihumbi magana abiri (200.000 Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka ; e. Ko Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin yishyura Ntivuguruzwa Ignace amafaranga ibihumbi makumyabiri (20.000 Frw) yatanzeho ingwate y’amagarama arega. [7] Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin ntiyishimiye icyo cyemezo, bituma akijuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, ku mpamvu zikurikira : a. Kuba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi nta bubasha rwari rufite bwo kuburanisha ikirego cyatanzwe na Ntivuguruzwa Ignace, ahubwo cyaragomba kuburanishwa ku rwego rwa mbere n'Urukiko rw’Ibanze, hashingiwe ku kuba ubutaka buburanwa bwari bufite agaciro kangana na miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi magana atanu (1.500.000 Frw), kandi impaka zayavutsemo ari zo zatumye adashyirwa mu bikorwa ;

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b. Kuba rwarahaye agaciro amasezerano y'ubugure bw'umutungo utimukanwa yakozwe n'abatabifitiye ububasha ndetse no mu buryo budakurikije amategeko ; c. Kuba urubanza rwaciwe ku baburanyi batarezwe kuko succession Karasankima ntiyabaye umuburanyi muri uru rubanza. Asoza asaba indishyi z’igihembo cya Avoka n’iz’ikurikiranarubanza. [8] Muri urwo rubanza hagobokamo abitwa Uwera Marie Solange na Rukundo Bonaventure, bavuga ko ari bene Karasankima Charles. [9] Mbere yo kwiregura kuri izi ngingo z’ubujurire, Ntivuguruzwa Ignace n’umwunganizi we Me Mukundamana Eric basabye Urukiko kutakira ukugoboka kwa Uwera Marie Solange na Rukundo Bonaventure, bashingiye ku kuba ntacyerekana ko Karasankima Charles yaba yarapfuye ku buryo baza kuburana ibye. Basaba Urukiko kubategeka kwerekana ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko koko Karasankima Charles yapfuye, baramuka batabigaragaza bagakurwa muri urwo rubanza, ngo kuko nta bubasha baba bafite. [10] Ntivuguruzwa Ignace n’umwunganizi we Me Mukundamana Eric mu kwiregura ku birebana n’ingingo z’ubujurire, bavuze ko bataregeye amasezerano, ko ahubwo baregeye ihinduranyamutungo/mutation, hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 31 igika cya 1 y’Itegeko N°30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena Ububasha bw’Inkiko, bityo ko Urukiko rw'Ibanze nta bubasha rufite bwo kuburanisha urwo rubanza, ngo kuko ikiburanwa ari ukwandukurwaho ubutaka yaguze bufite UPI:3/01/12/02/4086, aho kuba impaka (contestation) ku masezerano, kandi ko atari succession Karasankima yanditse ku cyangombwa, ko ahubwo handitseho Karasankima 100% uhagarariwe n'umuhungu we Mbarushimana, kuvuga ko hari kuregwa Succession Kasarankima atari byo, kuko nta cyerekana ko yapfuye atakiriho. Kandi ko uwo mutungo wagurishijwe hishyurwa imitungo y'abandi Karasankima yangije n’Ubuyobozi bukaba bwari bubizi. [11] A titre subsidiaire, bavuga ko n’ubwo bataregeye umutungo, ariko ko Urukiko rwazanasuzuma ibirebana n’agaciro ubwo butaka bwari bufite igihe ikirego cyatangwaga, ngo kuko Ntivuguruzwa Ignace amaze kuwugura yawongereye agaciro, aho kuri ubu kageze kuri 100.000.000 Frw, bityo Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi rukaba rwari rufite ububasha bwo kukiburanisha, kandi ko nta kosa rwakoze ryakosorwa. Naho ku birebana n’indishyi z’igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin asaba, bavuga ko ntazo yahabwa, ko ahubwo Ntivuguruzwa Ignace ari we ukwiye kuzihabwa zingana na 350.000 Frw ahwanye na kimwe cya kabiri (1/2) cy’izo yahawe ku rwego rubanza zingana na 700.000 Frw, izo asaba zikiyongereho, akanasubizwa amafaranga ibihumbi makumyabiri 20.000 Frw yatanzeho ingwate y’igarama arega. [12] Mu rubanza RCA 00055/2022/HC/RSZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi ku wa 16/11/2023 rwemeje ibi bikurikira : a. Ko Ubujurire bwa Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin nta shingiro bufite ; b. Ko Uwera Marie Solange, Rukundo Bonaventure batemerewe kugoboka ; c. Ko urubanza RC 00044/2021/TGI/KNG rwaciwe ku wa 11/10/2022 n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi ruhamanye agaciro karwo ;

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d. Ko ubutaka bubaruye kuri UPI : 3/01/12/02/4086, bwanditse kuri Karasankima uhagarariwe na Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin bwandikwa kuri Ntivuguruzwa Ignace wabuguze mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. [13] Ku wa 15/12/2023 Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin yajuririye urubanza RCA 00055/2022/HC/RSZ mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, ubujurire bwe bwandikwa kuri RCAA 00009/2024/CA, ku mpamvu zo kuba Urukiko rutarasuzumye ububasha bw’ababuranyi hakurikijwe ikiregerwa cyangwa icyo rwasabwe, no kuba rwaremeje ihererekanya rudasuzumye agaciro k’amasezerano urisaba ashingiraho ikirego cye. Asoza asaba ko indishyi yategetswe kwishyura Ntivuguruzwa Ignace ku rwego rubanza zakurwaho, ahubwo agategekwa kumwishyura iz’igihembo cya Avocat zingana na 2.000.000 Frw zo kuva ku rwego rubanza kugera aha. [14] Ntivuguruzwa Ignace mbere yo kwiregura kuri izi ngingo z’ubujurire za Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin, atanga inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, hashingiwe ku kuba yaratsinzwe mu Nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, bityo asaba ko ubujurire bwe butakirwa. Naho ku birebana n’ingingo z’ubujurire, azireguraho avuga ko nta shingiro zifite. [15] Iburanisha ry’urubanza ryashyizwe ku wa 06/11/2024, ruburanishwa Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin ahagararariwe na Me Mwizerwa Alexis, Ntivuguruzwa Ignace yunganiwe na Me Mukundamana Eric, naho Uwera Marie Solange na Rukundo Bonaventure ntibitabye Urukiko, abandi baburanyi babona ko ntacyo aba ataje ntacyo babagomba nta n’icyo basabwa gutanga, bityo basaba ko urubanza rwakomeza batari muri uru rubanza, Urukiko rurabyemera , Hasuzumwe inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire yatanzwe n’ibigenda ku rubanza mu gihe rurangiriye aho, Urukiko rutangaza ko ruzabifatira icyemezo ku wa 22/11/2024, akaba ari wo munsi rusomeweho. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URU RUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO

Gusuzuma niba ubujurire bwa kabiri bwatanzwe na Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin buri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. [16] Me Mwizerwa Alexis uhagarariye Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin mu kujurira, yashingiye ku ngingo ya 52 igika cyayo cya 2 agace ka 8º y' Itegeko N°30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena Ububasha bw’Inkiko, kuko ikiburanwa gifite agaciro kagera kuri miliyoni ijana na mirongo ine (140.000.000 Frw), nk’uko bigaragazwa na expertise iri ku mugereka wa cumi (10) w’urubanza RCA 00055/2022/HC/RSZ, kandi ko ako gaciro kagiweho impaka n'ababuranyi nk'uko bigaragara mu gika cya 23 cy'urwo rubanza. Bityo ko asaba uru Rukiko kwakira no gusuzuma mu mizi ubu bujurire. [17] Me Mukundamana Eric wunganira Ntivuguruzwa Ignace we, ashingiye ku ngingo ya 52 igika cya 3 y’Itegeko N°30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko1, atanga inzitizi

1 Iyo ngingo ya 52, igika cya 3 iteganya ibi bikurikira: ʺIcyakora kandi ubujurire bwa kabiri ntibushobora kwakirwa ku manza z’ababuranye bemera ibyo baregwa, cyangwa ku muburanyi watsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimweʺ.

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y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, asaba ko ubujurire bwa Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin butakirwa ngo kuko yatsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, ngo kuko bwanditswe, hatitawe ku bikubiye muri iyi ngingo. [18] Asobanura ko ku birebana no kumenya niba umuburanyi yaratsinzwe hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje, byatanzweho umurongo mu manza zitandukanye zirimo urubanza RS/INJUST/RCOM 00002/2020/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 25/09/2020, haburana Road Solution Pavements Product na Mailco Ltd, aho urwo Rukiko rwatanze umurongo uvuga ko mu gusuzuma niba umuburanyi yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje ku mpamvu zimwe, harebwa icyaburanwaga n’imitekerereze ya buri Rukiko (raisonnement juridique) mu kugaragaza impamvu zashingiweho, kugira ngo rugere ku cyemezo rwafashe, hitawe ku kureba niba ingingo zaburanywe mbere ari zo zagarutsweho mu bujurire kandi ko inkiko zombi zazisubijeho mu buryo bumwe. [19] Me Mukundamana Eric avuga ko mu rubanza RCA 00055/2022/HC/RSZ rujuririrwa icyaburanwaga ari ihererekanya ry'umutungo w'ubutaka wagurishijwe, ko ingingo nyamukuru zasuzumwe muri uru rubanza ari izerekeye inzitizi y'iburabubasha bw'Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi yatanzwe, n’ijyanye no kumenya niba Ntivuguruzwa Ignace nta nyungu, ububasha n’ubushobozi bwo kurega Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin yari afite, ndetse no kumenya niba Ntivuguruzwa Ignace yakwandikwaho ubutaka yaguze, hanyuma inkiko zombi mu kuzisuzuma zemeza ko nta shingiro zifite, ngo kuko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi rwari rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha icyo kirego, no kuba zose zarasanze Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin yaragombaga kuregwa, kandi icyaregewe cyari ihererekanya ry’ubutaka (mutation) aho kuba gusesa amasezerano. [20] Avuga ko iyo urebye imitekerereze ya buri Rukiko n'umwanzuro wagiye ufatwa kuri buri ngingo, usanga ibyemezo byafashwe mu nkiko zombi ari bimwe 100%, ibyo bigashimangirwa n'uko mu isesengura Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, rwakoze mu gika cya 43 cy’urubanza RCA 00055/2022/HC/RSZ, rwasanze nta kosa Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi rwakoze ryakosorwa, bityo rwemeza ko hagumyeho imikirize y’urubanza RC 00044/2021/TGI/KNG. [21] Me Mukundamana Eric asobanura ko ku ngingo yerekeranye n’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko Rwisumbuye, Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin yabitsindiwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje, aho zose zasanze iyo nzitizi Mbarushimana n'umwunganizi we batanga nta shingiro ifite, nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 11 cy’urubanza RC 00044/2021/TGI/KNG, aho Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi rwagize ruti: "Rusanga mu byaregewe ari ukwandikwaho umutungo ndetse ari na byo bisabwa kandi Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin wemera ko habaye amasezerano y’ubugure atagaragaza ikindi kiburanwa gikubiye mu ngingo ya 27 y’Itegeko N°30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’Inkiko yavuzwe ku buryo yavuga ko biri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’ibanze, bityo nk’uko ntaho Itegeko rigena ububasha bw’inkiko ryavuze habaho ibirego bijyanye no kwandikwaho umutungo mu gihe nta mpaka zihari zo kumenya nyirawo, ikijyanye no kuwandikwaho kiri mu bivugwa mu ngingo ya 31 igika cya mbere, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rukaba rufite ubwo bubasha”. Ngo ibyo byagarutsweho mu gika cya 30 cy’urubanza RCA 00055/2022/HC/RSZ, aho Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi narwo rwasuzumye iyo nzitizi maze rugasanga nta shingiro yari ifite, rushingiye ku kuba icyaregewe cyari ihererekanya ry’ubutaka (mutation), kandi kikaba cyari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi.

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[22] Me Mukundamana Eric avuga ko ku ngingo ya kabiri yasuzumwe irebana no kumenya niba Ntivuguruzwa Ignace adafite inyungu ububasha n’ubushobozi bwo kurega Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin, iyi mpamvu na yo inkiko zombi zibanza zayisuzumye zigasanga Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin ayitsindwaho, nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 15 cy’urubanza RC 00044/2021/TGI/KNG, aho Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi rwasanze Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin ari we ukwiye kuregwa, rushingiye ku kuba atagaragaza ko Ntivuguruzwa Ignace adafite ububasha n’ubushobozi busobanurwa mu ngingo ya 2, agace ka 7 n’aka 8 CPCCSA [Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi], ku buryo ikirego kitakwakirwa, bityo kuvuga gusa ko atagombaga kuregwa bitagize impamvu yatuma ikirego kitakirwa ku wareze ahubwo bisobanurwa mu rubanza mu mizi, hakarebwa niba icyo aregwa atari we ugomba kukiregwa ku buryo uregwa yabitsindirwa. Ngo naho mu bujurire mu gika cya 36 cy’urubanza RCA 00055/2022/HC/RSZ, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi rwasanze ingingo irebana no kuba Ntivuguruzwa Ignace yarareze Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin ataragombaga kuregwa ngo kuko atari we nyir’umutungo nta shingiro yahabwa, kuko uwaguze yaguze na Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin nk’uhagarariye umuryango. Akanzura ko n’iyi ngingo yayitsinzweho mu nkiko zombi zabanje ku mpamvu zimwe. [23] Ku ngingo yerekeranye no kumenya niba Ntivuguruzwa Ignace yakwandikwaho ubutaka yaguze, na yo yasuzumwe n’inkiko zombi zabanje, Me Mukundamana Eric asobanura ko inkiko zombi zasanze Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin ayitsindwaho nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 25 cy’urubanza RC 00044/2021/TGI/KNG, aho Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi rwavuze ko kuba hari icyangombwa cy’umutungo cyanditseho ko ari Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin uhagarariye Karasankima, yari inshingano zo gukorera Ntivuguruzwa Ignace ihererekanya ry’ubutaka nk’uko ingingo ya 22 y’Itegeko Nº27/2021 rigenga ubutaka mu Rwanda iteganya ko uwanditse ku butaka ari we ukora ihererekanya, kutabikora kandi nta kindi agaragaza cyabimubujije bitabuza Ntivuguruzwa Ignace kwandikwaho ubutaka bubaruye kuri UPI: 3/01/12/02/4086 bwanditse kuri Karasankima uhagarariwe na Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin, bityo rwemeza ko bumwandikwaho rushingiye ku masezerano y’ubugure no ku ibaruwa yo ku wa 25/05/2012 yanditswe na Perezida wa Komisiyo y’ubutaka mu Karere ka Karongi, ivuga ko Ntivuguruzwa Ignace yari afite uburenganzira bwo kwandikwaho ubutaka yaguze ndetse no mu gika cya 47 cy’urubanza RCA 00055/2022/HC/RSZ, aho Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi rwemeje ko nta gihindutse na gito ku mikirize y’urubanza RC 00044/2021/TGI/KNG. Bityo ko muri rusange asanga Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rudakwiye kwakira ngo rusuzume mu mizi ubujurire bwa Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin kuko butari mu bubasha bwarwo. [24] Me Mwizerwa Alexis uhagarariye Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin mu kwiregura ku nzitizi y'iburabubasha bw'Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ishingiye ku kuba Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, avuga ko nta shingiro ifite, ngo kuko atatsinzwe hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe nk’uko Ntivuguruzwa Ignace abivuga, kuko ngo impamvu inkiko zombi zabanje zashingiyeho icyemezo cyazo atari zimwe. [25] Asobanura ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi mu gusesengura urubanza rwashingiye ku kuba Karasankima yari atakiriho, naho Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, mu gusesengura urubanza rwavuze ko Karasankima akiriho, ko ariko muri ubu bujurire uregwa yemera kandi akemeza ko Karasankima yapfuye aguye muri Congo.

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UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [26] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ikibazo ababuranyi bafitanye gishingiye ku kumenya niba Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zibanza hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe ku kibazo cy’inzitizi y'iburabubasha bw'Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi yari yatanzwe, n’ijyanye no kumenya niba Ntivuguruzwa Ignace nta nyungu, ububasha n’ubushobozi bwo kurega Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin yari afite, n’ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Ntivuguruzwa Ignace yakwandikwaho ubutaka yaguze. Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin we avuga ko atatsinzwe ku mpamvu zimwe, kuko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi mu gusesengura urubanza rwashingiye ku kuba Karasankima yari atakiriho, naho Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, mu gusesengura urubanza rwavuze ko Karasankima akiriho, ko ariko muri ubu bujurire uregwa yemera kandi akemeza ko Karasankima yapfuye aguye muri Congo. [27] Ku bijyanye n’ibisobanuro by’impamvu zimwe, zumvikana nk’ibisobanuro buri Rukiko rwashingiyeho mu gufata icyemezo cyarwo rugendeye ku byabaye no ku byo amategeko ateganya, kandi ni zo zishingirwaho mu kugaragariza no gusobanurira ababuranyi icyatumye Urukiko rufata icyemezo, akaba ari na zo ziherwaho ababuranyi basuzuma niba imiburanire yabo yarasesenguwe n’Urukiko, bitewe n’uko buri cyemezo cy’Urukiko kigomba kuba cyasobanuriwe impamvu2. [28] Ikibazo cyerekeranye no gutsindwa mu nkiko zombi zibanza hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe cyafashweho umurongo mu manza zinyuranye zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga3 ndetse n’uru Rukiko, aho zagaragaje ko mu gusuzuma niba umuburanyi yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, harebwa icyaburanwaga n’imitekerereze ya buri rukiko (raisonnement juridique) mu kugaragaza impamvu zashingiweho kugira ngo rugere ku cyemezo rwafashe, hitawe ku kureba niba ingingo zaburanywe mbere ari zo zagarutsweho mu bujurire kandi ko inkiko zombi zazishubijeho mu buryo bumwe. [29] Nyuma y’ibisobanuro byatanzwe kuri iki kibazo cyo kumenya niba Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zibanza hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe mu gihe we avuga ko atatsinzwe ku mpamvu zimwe, harifashishwa umurongo watanzwe mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RCOM 00003/2020/SC, rwaciwe ku wa 27/11/2020 hagati ya SANLAM AG Plc AG Ltd na University of Rwanda (UR), aho mu gika cya 23, rwasanze -Ibi kandi binumvikanisha ko ibyaburanwe mu rwego rwa mbere ari na byo ubusanzwe bigomba kuburanwa mu rwego rw’ubujurire hashingiwe ku ihame risanzwe mu micire y’imanza rivuga ko umucamanza wo mu rwego rwa mbere yita ku igenzura ry’ibimenyetso n’amategeko ugereranyije n’ikiburanwa, naho umucamanza wo mu rwego rw’ubujurire akibanda cyane cyane ku kugenzura niba amategeko ku rwego rwa mbere yarubahirijwe uko bikwiye hakurikijwe ibisobanuro n’ibimenyetso byari byatanzwe muri urwo rubanza, byaba ngombwa agakosora aho bikenewe-, ukaba ugomba guhuzwa n’uko inkiko zabanje zasesenguye imiburanire y’ababuranyi Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin na Ntivuguruzwa Ignace.

2 Reba igika cya 22 cy’urubanza no RCOMAA 0051/14/CS hagati ya RRA na SECAM Ltd rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 04/12/2015 n’igika cya 21 cy’urubanza, n° RCOMAA 0038/16/CS - RCOMAA 0033/2016/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 21/04/2017 hagati ya Bank of Kigali Plc na MULISA KANA Martin. 3 Urubanza n˚ RS/INJUST/RCOM 00002/2020/SC rwaciwe ku wa 25/09/2020, hagati ya Road Solution Pavement Product Ltd na MAILCO Ltd, igika cya 24.

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[30] Dosiye igaragaza ko mu rubanza RC 00044/2021/TGI/KNG rwaciwe ku wa 11/10/2022, hasuzumwe niba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rudafite ububasha bwo kuburanisha iki kirego kuko haregerwa uburenganzira ku butaka, Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin atsindwa n’uko mu byaregewe ari ukwandikwaho umutungo ndetse ari na byo bisabwa kandi Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin wemera ko habaye amasezerano y’ubugure atagaragaza ikindi kiburanwa gikubiye mu ngingo ya 27 y’Itegeko N°30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’Inkiko ku buryo yavuga ko biri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ibanze; maze rwemeza ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rufite ububasha ku kijyanye no kwandikwaho kiri mu bivugwa mu ngingo ya 31 igika cya mbere cy’iryo Tegeko [Reba igika cya 11 cy’urwo rubanza]. [31] Dosiye igaragaza ko ku kibazo cyo gusuzuma niba Ntivuguruzwa Ignace adafite inyungu ububasha n’ubushobozi bwo kurega Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin, Urukiko rwasanze itegeko ryarerekanye ko ububasha n’ubushobozi burebwaho igihe harebwa ko ikirego cyakirwa ari iby’urega gusa, kandi muri uru rubanza Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin akaba aterekana ko urega yaba adafite ububasha n’ubushobozi bisobanurwa mu ngingo ya 2, agace ka 7 n’aka 8 k’itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ku buryo ikirego kitakwakirwa; bityo atsindwa no kuba avuga ko yarezwe ataragombaga kuregwa bitagize impamvu yatuma ikirego kitakirwa ku wareze ahubwo bisobanurwa mu rubanza mu mizi hakarebwa niba icyo aregwa atari we ugomba kukiregwa ku buryo urega yabitsindirwa, nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 11 cy’urwo rubanza. [32] Dosiye igaragaza kandi ko ku kibazo cyo gusuzuma niba ubutaka bubaruye kuri UPI: 3/01/12/02/4086, bwanditse kuri Karasankima uhagarariwe na Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin bwakwandikwa kuri Ntivuguruzwa Ignace wabuguze, Urukiko rwasanze hari amasezerano y’ubugure yo ku wa 23/10/2008 yabaye hagati ya Mbarushimana P. Célestin na barumuna be bagurishije isambu ifite numero 69/86 Ntivuguruzwa Ignace, bakaba barayisigiwe na se Karasankima Charles, igurishwa ku mafaranga 2.500.000 Frw kugira ngo bishyure imitungo se yarihishijwe n’inkiko Gacaca ingana na 2.404.000 Frw; rusanga hari amasezerano y’ubukode burambye y’umutungo utimukanwa ubaruye kuri UPI: 3/01/12/02/4086, bwanditse kuri Karasankima 100% ahagarariwe na Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin, atsindwa no kuba ari we wari ufite inshingano zo gukorera Ntivuguruzwa Ignace ihererekanya nk’uko ingingo ya 22 y’Itegeko N° 27/2021 ryo ku wa 10/06/2021 rigenga ubutaka mu Rwanda yasobanuwe hejuru ivuga ko uwanditse ku butaka ari we ukora ihererekanya. Ibi bikaba biboneka mu bika 22-25 by’urwo rubanza. [33] Dosiye igaragaza ko ku rwego rw’ubujurire bwa mbere, mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, mu rubanza RCA 00055/2022/HC/RSZ rwaciwe ku wa 16/11/2023, hasuzumwe na none ingingo nyamukuru yerekeranye no kumenya niba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi nta bubasha rwari rufite, maze mu bika bya 29-31 by’urubanza Urukiko Rukuru rusanga nk’uko byasobanuwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi ibi birego nk’ibi ntaho itegeko ryigeze rivuga hihariye biregerwa, bityo narwo rwemeza ko kuba byaregerwa mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye ku rwego rwa mbere nta tegeko ryaba ryishwe. Ku kibazo kijyanye n’uko Ntivuguruzwa Ignace yareze uwo atagomba kurega kuko Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin atari we nyir’umutungo, mu bika bya 36-41 Urukiko Rukuru rumaze kubona ko uwaguze yaguze na Mbarushimana nk’uhagarariye umuryango wa Karasankima ndetse ahabwa uburenganzira n’abo bavukana kuri uwo mubyeyi, kuba umutungo wagurishijwe atari uw’abazungura ba Karasankima ahubwo wari uwe ku giti cye kandi byagombye kumvikana ko icyaha ari gatozi ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo ntawundi zagombye

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kubaho, ari yo mpamvu hagurishijwe umutungo wa Karasankima kugira ngo yishyure ibyo yangije, rwasanze Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin atsindwa n’uko yarezwe nk’uwari uhagarariye umuryango wa Karasankima abanje kumwereka ko abavandimwe be babyemeye ndetse banasinya no kumasezerano y’ubugure. [34] Hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa haruguru bivuye mu igereranya ry’imanza zombi zaciwe n’inkiko zabanje, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga inkiko zombi zabanje zarasobanuye kimwe impamvu z’ugutsindwa kwa Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin ku bibazo byasuzumwe. Kubera izo mpamvu, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rukaba rusanga ubujurire bwa kabiri bwatanzwe na Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin butagomba kwakirwa kubera ko butari mu bubasha bwarwo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’iyo ngingo ya 52 igika cya 3 yavuzwe hejuru.

Gusuzuma ishingiro ry’indishyi z’ibigenda ku rubanza zisabwa na Ntivuguruzwa Ignace. [35] Me Mukundamana Eric wunganira Ntivuguruzwa Ignace avuga ko uyu asaba Urukiko rw'Ubujurire gutegeka Mbarushimana Pierre Celestin kumwishyura amafaranga y'igihembo cya Avoka angana na miliyoni imwe (1.000.000Frw), ngo kuko mu rubanza rujuririrwa nta ndishyi Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi rwamugeneye kandi yari azikwiye kuko yaburaniwe n’umunyamategeko. [36] Me Mwizerwa Alexis uhagarariye Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin yiregura kuri izi ndishyi zisabwa na Ntivuguruzwa Ignace avuga ko ntazo Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin yamugenera, ngo kuko yamureze umutungo utari uwe. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [37] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya ibikurikira : ʺIkirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe”. [38] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka Ntivuguruzwa Ignace asaba kuri uru rwego afite ishingiro, kuko byumvikana ko yashatse Avoka wo kumwunganira imbere y’Urukiko no gukurikirana urubanza, rukaba rugomba kumugenera amafaranga agenwe mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko angana n’ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka kuri uru rwego. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [39] Rwemeje ko inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko yatanzwe na Ntivuguruzwa Ignace ifite ishingiro.

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[40] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa kabiri bwatanzwe na Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin butakiriwe, kuko butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. [41] Rutegetse Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin kwishyura Ntivuguruzwa Ignace amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka, kuri uru rwego. [42] Ruvuze ko amafaranga y’ingwate y’amagarama Mbarushimana Pierre Célestin yatanze ajurira, ahwanye n’ibyakozwe muri uru rubanza.