MBERABAHIZI N’ UNDI vs. EQUITY BANK RWANDA Ltd N’ ABANDI

# MBERABAHIZI N’ UNDI vs. EQUITY BANK RWANDA Ltd N’ ABANDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-05-18 - Case/document no.: RCOMAA 00013/2022/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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MBERABAHIZI N’ UNDI vs. EQUITY BANK RWANDA Ltd N’ ABANDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RCOMAA 00013/2022/CA, (Ngagi, P.J.) 18 Gicurasi 2023] Amategeko agenga ubugwate ku mutungo utimukanwa – Amasezerano yo gutiza ingwate – Agaciro k’amasezerano y’ingwate – Ingwate isubizwa uwayitanze ari uko umwenda ishingiyeho wishyuwe wose – Igihe cyose umwenda wishingiwe utarishyurwa, ingwate yawishingiye ikomeza kugira agaciro – Itegeko N°10/2009 ryo ku wa 14/05/2009 ryerekeye ubugwate ku mutungo utimukanwa, ingingo ya 11. Incamake y’ ikibazo: Nyirahabimana Christine afatanyije na Mberabahizi Chrétien Raymond bagiranye amasezerano yo gutiza ingwate na sosiyete Mundo Investment Ltd, maze bayitiza ingwate igizwe n’ imitungo itimukanwa kugira ngo ihabwe inguzanyo muri Equity Bank Ltd. Nyuma yaho, Nyirahabimana Christine na Mberabahizi Chrétien Raymond batanze ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi barega Mundo Investment Ltd, Murego Emile, Ndoli James na Equity Bank Ltd, bavuga ko babijeje ko bazahabwa imigabane muri sosiyete Mundo Investment Ltd bituma nabo bemera gutanga imitungo yabo ho ingwate, ariko bategereza ko bahabwa imigabane barayibura, bityo bareze basaba ko amasezerano yo gutiza ingwate yateshwa agaciro ku mpamvu z’uko yakozwe mu buryo bw’uburugiranya. Equity Bank Ltd yiregura ivuga ko isanga ikirego nta shingiro gifite kuko Nyirahabimana Christine na Mberabahizi Raymond Chrétien batije sosiyete Mundo Investment Ltd ingwate irawuhabwa ariko ntiyawishyura. Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rushingiye ku kuba abarega nta nenge bagaragaje ku masezerano Mundo Investment Ltd yagiranye na Equity Bank Ltd afite ku buryo yateshwa agaciro ndetse nta kimenyetso cyagaragarijwe Urukiko cyemeza ko amasezerano yo gutiza ingwate yakozwe mu buriganya maze rwemeza ko ikirego gisaba gutesha agaciro no gusesa amasezerano yo gutiza nta shingiro gifite. Nyirahabimana Christine na Mberabahizi Chrétien Raymond bajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, bavuga ko Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rutasuzumye ikirego mu ngingo zacyo zose; bavuga kandi ko amasezerano ya Equity Bank Ltd na Mundo Investment Ltd yagaragayemo uburiganya n’inyandiko mpimbano zitandukanye, bityo bakaba basaba ko ikirego cyabo cyo kuyatesha agaciro cyahabwa ishingiro. Mberabahizi Chrétien Raymond na Nyirahabimana Christine ntibishimiye imikirize y’urubanza maze bayijuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rutahaye agaciro ibimenyetso byatanzwe no kuba rwakoresheje itegeko uko ritari, basaba ko amasezerano yo gutiza ingwate ateshwa agaciro, kuko batahawe imigabane babijeje muri sosiyete Mundo Investment Ltd kandi ko yashyizweho umukono na Noteri utabifitiye ububasha.

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Equity Bank Ltd yiregura ivuga ko amasezerano yo gutiza ingwate adakwiye guteshwa agaciro kuko akurikije mategeko. Abavuga ko batije ingwate aribo Nyirahabimana Christine na Mberabahizi Chrétien Raymond biregura kuri iyi ngingo bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwavuze ko ubwumvikane bwo gutiza ingwate bwakorewe imbere ya noteri w’aho imitungo iherereye binyuranye n’ukuri kuko nta bwumvikane bwabaye bakoreye imbere ya Noteri. Equity Bank Ltd nayo yiregura ivuga ko kuba amasezerano yo gutiza ingwate atakorewe imbere ya Noteri ubifitiye ububasha w’aho imitungo iherereye nkuko abajuriye babivuga bitakwambura agaciro icyo impande zombi ziyemeje kijyanye no gutanga ingwate ku mwenda, bityo ko ubujurire bwabo butahabwa ishingiro. Incamake y’icyemezo: Ingwate isubizwa uwayitanze ari uko umwenda ishingiyeho wishyuwe wose. Igihe cyose umwenda wishingiwe utarishyurwa, ingwate yawishingiye ikomeza kugira agaciro. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amagarama y’urubanza ahwanye n’ibyarukozwemo. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N°10/2009 ryo ku wa 14/05/2009 ryerekeye ubugwate ku mutungo utimukanwa, ingingo ya 11. Imanza zifashishijwe: RS/INJUST/RC0M 00003/2021/SC, hagati ya Equity Bank Rwanda Plc, BES & Supply Ltd na Uwimana Saidi Salim, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 18/11/2022. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Nyirahabimana Christine afatanyije na Mberabahizi Chrétien Raymond bagiranye amasezerano yo gutiza ingwate na Mundo Investment Ltd, bayitiza imitungo itimukanwa ibaruye kuri REG 010605/2017/0RG UPI: 1/02/10/04/640 na REG 010626/2017/0RG UPI 1/02/01/01/3 kugira ngo iyitangeho ingwate muri Equity Bank Ltd ku nguzanyo ya 240.000.000 Frw. Nyirahabimana Christine na Mberabahizi Chrétien Raymond batanze ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi barega Mundo Investment Ltd, Murego Emile, Ndoli James na Equity Bank Ltd, basaba ko amasezerano yo gutiza ingwate yateshwa agaciro ku mpamvu z’uko yakozwe mu buryo bw’uburugiranya. [2] Basobanura ko bijejwe ko bazahabwa imigabane muri Mundo Investment Ltd baribeshya bemera gutanga imitungo yabo ho ingwate ariko bategereza ko bahabwa imigabane barayibura kuri ubu bishyuzwa umwenda ungana na 224.932.311 Frw. Basaba Urukiko ko rwatesha agaciro no gusesa amasezerano y’ingwate bagiranye na Mundo Investment Ltd kuko yakozwe mu buriganya.

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[3] Equity Bank Ltd ivuga ko isanga ikirego cyatanzwe na Nyirahabimana Christine nta shingiro gifite kuko Nyirahabimana Christine na Mberabahizi Raymond Chrétien batije Mundo Investment Ltd ingwate ihabwa umwenda ariko Mundo Investment Ltd ntiyawishyura. Mundo Investment Ltd, Murego Emile, Ndoli James na Karasira Peter Claver bahamagawe bikurikije amategeko ariko ntibitaba, urubanza ruburanishwa badahari. [4] Mu rubanza RCOM 02511/2018/TC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 30/04/2019, urwo Rukiko rushingiye ku kuba abarega nta nenge bagaragaje amasezerano Mundo Investment Ltd yagiranye na Equity Bank Ltd afite ku buryo yateshwa agaciro ndetse nta kimenyetso cyagaragarijwe Urukiko cyemeza ko amasezerano yo gutiza ingwate yakozwe mu buriganya cyangwa se ko umwenda wagurijwe Mundo Investment Ltd wishyuwe, rwemeje ko ikirego gisaba gutesha agaciro no gusesa amasezerano yo gutiza ingwate ku mutungo wa Nyirahabimana Christine na Mberabahizi Chrétien Raymond nta shingiro gifite. Rutegeka Nyirahabimana Christine kwishyura Equity Bank Ltd 700.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka no gukurikirana urubanza. [5] Nyirahabimana Christine na Mberabahizi Chrétien Raymond bajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, bavuga ko Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rutasuzumye ikirego mu ngingo zacyo zose, ko inshingano bari bafite zagombaga gukorwa na Murego Emile na Ndoli James kuko bemeye ko bambuye Mundo Investment Ltd inshingano bakazisigarana, ko amasezerano ya Equity Bank Ltd na Mundo Investment Ltd yagaragayemo uburiganya n’inyandiko mpimbano zitandukanye, basaba ko ikirego cyabo gihabwa ishingiro. [6] Ku wa 19/11/2021, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwaciye urubanza RCOMA 00581/2019/HCC rwemeza ko ubujurire bwa Nyirahabimana Christine na Mberabahizi Chrétien Raymond nta shingiro bufite, ko imikirize y’urubanza RCOMA 02511/2018/TC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 30/04/2019 igumyeho. Rwemeza ko Nyirahabimana Christine na Mberabahizi Chrétien Raymond bagomba guha Equity Bank Ltd na NDOLI James 100.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza kuri buri wese, no guha Equity Bank Ltd 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka, ko 40.000 Frw batanzeho ingwate y’igarama bajurira ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza. [7] Mberabahizi Chrétien Raymond na Nyirahabimana Christine ntibishimiye imikirize y’urubanza bayijuririra muri uru Rukiko bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rutahaye agaciro ibimenyetso byatanzwe no kuba rwakoresheje itegeko uko ritari. Bavuga kandi ko amasezerano yo ku wa 26/09/2017 n’ayo ku wa 28/09/2017 akwiye guteshwa agaciro, kuko Murego Emile na Ndoli James batabahaye imigabane babijeje muri Mundo Investment Ltd no kuyiyobora nk’uko bari babyemeranyijwe, ko kandi yashyizweho umukono na Noteri utabifitiye ububasha. Bakomeza bavuga ko nta nshingano bafite zo kwishyurira Mundo Investment Ltd kuko yambuwe inshingano n’abanyamigabane bayo ari bo Murego Emile na Ndoli James biyemeje ko bazishyura uwo mwenda bishingiye nk’uko bigaragara muri board resolution yo ku wa 27/11/2017, 31/01/2018 no ku wa 05/02/2018, maze ubujuririre bwabo bwandikwa kuri RCOMAA 00013/2022/CA. Equity Bank Ltd yo ivuga ko ayo masezerano adakwiye guteshwa agaciro kuko akurikije mategeko, ko kandi ibibera muri Mundo Investment Ltd bitayireba, icyo yo ireba ari umwenda wahawe Mundo Investment Ltd n’ingwate yawutangiye. [8] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhamwe ku wa 03/05/2023, Mberabahizi Chrétien Raymond na Nyirahabimana Christine bahagarariwe na Me Idahemuka Tharcisse, Equity Bank

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Ltd ihagarariwe na Me Mulindabigwi Myriam hamwe na Me Muhiganwa Damas, Mundo Investment Ltd, Murego Emile na Ndoli James batitabye kandi bataritabye no mu nama ntegurarubanza, ariko barahamagajwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. Urukiko rwemeje ko urubanza ruburanishwa badahari kuko bazi itariki y’urubanza. Urukiko rwabanje gusuzuma ubusabe bw’uhagarariye Mberabahizi Chrétien Raymond na Nyirahabimana Christine ko iburanisha ry’uru rubanza ryaba rihagaze, rigategereza ko urubanza rw’inshinjabyaha ruri mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rucibwa, ko ibaruwa bashyize muri dosiye igaragaza ko ruteganyijwe kuburanishwa ku wa 15/06/2023, maze Urukiko rwemeza ko urubanza ruburanishwa kuko ibivugwa mu ibaruwa yatanzwe n’abajuriye bidahura n’ikiburanwa muri uru rubanza, kandi bikaba bitumvikana uburyo basaba ko iburanisha riba rihagaze kandi ari bo bajuriye. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO 1. Kumenya niba amasezerano y’ingwate yo ku wa 26/09/2017 n’ayo ku wa 28/09/2017 akwiye guteshwa agaciro [9] Uhagarariye Nyirahabimana Christine na Mberabahizi Chrétien Raymond avuga ko abajuriye banenga kuba mu rubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwaravuze ko bo, Equity Bank Ltd, Mundo Investment Ltd, Murego Emile na Ndoli James bumvikaniye imbere ya noteri, nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 30 cy’urubanza RCOMA 00581/2019/HCC, aho Urukiko rwavuze ko rusanga icyo Noteri yemeje muri ayo masezerano ari ibyumvikanyweho n’impande zombi, kandi ntawe uhakana ko ubwo bwumvikane bwabayeho ndetse ko bwakorewe imbere ye, ko asanga ibyo binyuranye n’ukuri kuko nta bwumvikane aba baburanyi bakoreye imbere ya Noteri w’Umurenge wa Nyamabuye mu Karere ka Muhanga, na cyane ko Nyirahabimana Christine na Mberabahizi Chrétien Raymond batageze imbere ye. [10] Asobanura ko inyandiko bo babonye yari iyo kugaragaza ko bemera kuzatanga ingwate, mu gihe ibyo basezeranyijwe byo guhabwa imigabane muri Mundo Investment Ltd no kuyiyobora ari byo byari kubanza, Ko Murego Emile na Ndoli James bababwiye ko ari ibyo kugira ngo Equity Bank Ltd ihereho kugira ngo ibone ko umwenda uzagira ingwate inategure amasezerano. Ko ibyo bijejwe batabihawe, ari na yo mpamvu habayeho uburiganya bwo kujya kwemeza imikono yabo imbere ya Noteri utabifitiye ububasha. [11] Avuga kandi ko muri icyo gika cya 30 cy’urwo rubanza, Urukiko rwavuze ko kuba imitungo ari iyo mu Murenge utari uwe (Noteri) ntaho bibangamye mu rwego rw’amategeko, cyane ko n’iyo iyo nyandiko itajyanwa kwa Noteri bitari kuyambura agaciro mu gihe ibyasezeranwe bihari. Ko icyo banenga ari uko ibyo Urukiko rwavuze muri iki gika binyuranye n’amategeko ku birebana n’ububasha bwa Noteri ku mutungo utimukanwa. Kandi ko nta gaciro amasezerano y’ingwate yari kugira atajyanywe kwa Noteri, kandi amategeko ateganya ko amasezerano y’ingwate agira agaciro ari uko yemejewe na Noteri, kuko iyo atayemeza nta gaciro agira. Ko muri muri icyo gika na none Urukiko rwavuze ko kuba amasezerano atarajyanwe kwa Noteri bitari kuyambura agaciro mu gihe ibyasezeranwe bihari, ibyo bikaba binyuranyije n’ukuri kuko ibyasezeranywe bidahari, bigizwe n’imigabane yagombaga kubanza gutangwa, ububasha bw’ubuyobozi no gucunga umwenda wari gutangwa.

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[12] Akomeza avuga ko mu gika cya 31 cy’urubanza RCOMA 00581/2019/HCC rujuririrwa, Urukiko rwaranzwe no kwivuguruza, ruvuga ko amasezerano y’ingwate yubahirije ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 64 y’Itegeko N° 45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano, iteganya ko amasezerano aba itegeko ku bayagiranye, kandi nta buriganya, mu gihe rwari rwagaragarijwe uburiganya bwayabanjirije n’ubwayakurikiye. Ko ariko Urukiko rwafashe icyemezo ku masezerano y’umwenda yabaye hagati ya Equity Bank Ltd na Mundo Investment Ltd kandi rwararegewe amasezerano y’ingwate yiswe Abstract of mortgage agreement, rukanemeza ko inenge rwasuzumye zigomba kuregerwa mu rundi rubanza nk’aho amasezerano agizwe n’ingingo imwe gusa. [13] Avuga ko ashingiye ku ngingo ya 3 y’Iteka rya Perezida N°02/01 ryo ku wa 28/01/2006 rigena abakozi ba Leta bakora imirimo ya Noteri, icyicaro n’ifasi y’ibiro bya Noteri, iteganya ko ifasi y’ibiro bya noteri by’umurenge ari Umurenge, no ku ngingo ya 15 y’iryo Tegeko, ivuga ko ba noteri birengera ubwabo amakosa bakoze mu kazi yaba aturutse ku burangare cyangwa ku kutubahiriza amategeko, asanga Urukiko rukaba rwarayikoresheje nabi, aho rwavuze ko icyo noteri yemeje ari ibyumvikanweho n’impande zose imbere ye, ko ntawahakanye ko habayeho ubwumvikane kandi ibyo bitarabayeho. [14] Avuga kandi ko Nyirahabimana Christine na Mberabahizi Chrétien Raymond basanga kwemeza ko ikirego cyabo nta shingiro gifite arukubahatira inshingano badafite kandi banyirazo bazemera bikaba binyuranye n'ihame mpuzamahanga ry’uko urubanza mbonezamubano ari ikintu cyabo (le proces civil (commercial ) est une affaire de parties, le droit civil est supplétif aux conventions des parties), ko amategeko mbonezamubano cyangwa y’ubucuruzi ari inyongera ku bwumvikane bw'abantu, ko kuba rero Murego Emile na Ndoli James bemera ko bambuye Mundo Investment Ltd inshingano zayo bakazisigarana haba muri Board Resolution yo ku wa 17/11/2017, haba inyandiko zitandukanye zirimo nizo banditse mugihe cy'iburanisha, inyandiko yo ku wa 31/01/2019 ya Murego Emile, inyandiko zo ku wa 31/01/2019 ya Ndoli James, zose bigaragaza ko izo nshingano bazikuweho. [15] Avuga na none ko abajuriye basobanuriye Urukiko uruhare rwa Equity Bank Ltd mu buriganya bwo kugabanya ingwate yahawe ku mwenda igamije ko ubwishyu bwose bwazava mu mutungo w’abareze bonyine, kandi amasezerano yari afite ubwishingizi 12 ikabanza gukuramo inzu 3, ikongera igakuramo ubwishingizi bw’abagize inama y’ubutegetsi, ntiyanacunga umutungo wimukanwa yari yahaweho ingwate, ko ariko Urukiko rwavuze ko amasezerano abarega bagiranye na Mundo Investment Ltd yo gutiza ingwate atareba Equity Bank Ltd kandi na yo yari mu bayemeje. [16] Abahagarariye Equity Bank Ltd biregura kuri iyi ngingo y’ubujurire ya Nyirahabimana Christine na Mberabahizi Chrétien Raymond bavuga ko nta shingiro ifite, kuko bitiranya agaciro k’amasezerano no kuba yakwemezwa na Noteri. Kandi ko ubwabo biyemerera ko batanze ingwate y’umutungo wabo bakayitiza Mundo Investment Ltd kubera ibyo yari yabijeje, ibyo bikaba bihura neza n’ibyo Urukiko rwasobanuye mu gika cya 30 cy’urubanza RCOMA 00581/2019/HCC, aho rwagaragaje ko kuba ntawe uhakana ko ubwo bwumvikane bwabayeho ndetse bigakorerwa imbere ya Noteri, ko kuba byarakorewe imbere ya Noteri w’aho imitungo idaherereye bitakwambura agaciro icyo impande zombi ziyemeje kijyanye no gutanga ingwate ku mwenda. Kandi ko ibivugwa n’abajuriye babishingira ku ngingo z’Itegeko ryavuyeho, ngo kuko Itegeko ry’abanoteri ryakoreshwaga icyo gihe ari itegeko ryasohotse muri 2014. Byongeye

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kandi ko amasezerano areba abayagiranye, kandi ayo masezerano y’ingwate impande zombi zayagiranye zikaba ziyemeranyaho. [17] Bavuga kandi ko kuva ku ngingo ya 40-55 z’Itegeko rigenga amasezerano, izo ngingo zisobanura neza impamvu zishobora gutuma amasezerano ateshwa agaciro ari zo: ukwibeshya, kugaragaza ibintu uko bitari no kuba amasezerano akozwe ku gahato cyangwa kubera igitinyiro gikabije, kandi ko muri izi mpamvu zose zituma amasezerano ateshwa agaciro nta n’imwe Nyirahabimana Christine na Mberabahizi Chrétien Raymond bagaragaza ngo ibe yaherwaho mu kugaragaza ko amasezerano bakoze afite inenge, bityo ko akwiye kubahirizwa ku mpande zombi zayagiranye. [18] Bakomeza bavuga ko indi mpamvu ituma iyi ngingo y’ubujurire idakwiye guhabwa ishingiro, ari uko ibyo abajuriye bavuga byaburanywe ku rwego rwa mbere mu rubanza RCOM 02511/2018/TC no mu bujurire bwa mbere mu rubanza RCOMA 00581/2019/HCC, hanyuma Urukiko rukemeza ko ayo masezerano nta nenge afite. [19] Bavuga kandi ko ibivugwa n’abajuriye ko Mundo Investment Ltd yahawe umwenda itagifite inshingano zo kuwishyura, nta shingiro bifite kuko ayo masezerano bashingiraho ya Board Resolution yabaye hagati y’abanyamuryango ba Mundo Investment Ltd atareba Equity Bank Ltd cyane cyane ko itayazi itigeze inayamenyeshwa. Mundo Investment Ltd ikaba ifite inshingano zo kwishyura umwenda yahawe na Equity Bank Ltd kuko uwo mwenda itawishyuye naho Mberabahizi Chrétien Raymond na Nyirahabimana Christine nabo bakagumana inshingano zo kwishingira uyu mwenda nk’uko bawishingiye bakemera kuwutangira ingwate ndetse bakanakora amasezerano y’ingwate bemera ko uwo mwenda ni utishyurwa, iyo ingwate izagurishwa ikavanwamo ubwishyu. Ko ibyo ari nabyo Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwashimangiye mu bika bya 38,39,40 by’urubanza rujuririrwa. Bityo ko impande zose zigifite inshingano yo kubahiriza amasezerano zagiranye, ni ukuvuga amasezerano y’umwenda yabaye hagati ya Equity Bank Ltd na Mundo Investment Ltd, ndetse n’amasezerano y’ingwate yabaye hagati ya Equity Bank Ltd na Nyirahabimana Christine afatanyije n’umugabo we Mberabahizi Chrétien Raymond. [20] Bavuga na none ko ku bijyanye no kuba Nyirahabimana Christine na Mberabahizi Chrétien Raymond bavuga ko bagaragarije Urukiko uburiganya Equity Bank Ltd yakoze ngo ariko rukabyirengagiza, ko ibyo bitigeze biburanwaho mu manza zose zaciwe. Bityo ko iyi ngingo idakwiye guhabwa ishingiro kuko itatangirwa bwa mbere kuri uru rwego rw’ubujurire. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [21] Ingingo ya 64 y’itegeko N° 45/11 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano iteganya ibikurikira: “Amasezerano akozwe ku buryo bukurikije amategeko aba itegeko ku bayagiranye. Ashobora guseswa ari uko babyumvikanyeho cyangwa ku mpamvu zemewe n'amategeko. Agomba kubahirizwa nta buriganya”. Naho ingingo ya 4, agace ka 1, y’iryo Tegeko rimaze kuvugwa haruguru iteganya ko ibisabwa by’ibanze mu ikorwa ry’amasezerano bigizwe no kwemeranya kw’impande zigirana amasezerano, ubushobozi bwo gukora amasezerano, ishingiro ry’amasezerano n’impamvu yemewe n’amategeko.

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[22] Ingingo ya ya 11 y’Itegeko N°10/2009 ryo ku wa 14/05/2009 ryerekeye ubugwate ku mutungo utimukanwa iteganya ko uwatanze ingwate afite uburenganzira bwo gusubizwa ingwate ye igihe cyose amaze kwishyura umwenda we wose hakurikijwe ibyumvikanyweho mu masezerano y’ubugwate. [23] Urukiko rusomeye hamwe izi ngingo zimaze kuvugwa rusanga zumvikanisha ko mu gihe habayeho amasezerano yo gutanga ingwate agakorwa mu buryo bukurikije amategeko aba agomba kubahizwa, kandi ingwate isubizwa ari uko umwenda wishuwe. Mu yandi magambo uwatije ingwate aba agomba kuzirikana ko azayisubizwa mu gihe uwo yishingiye azaba amaze kwishyura umwenda wishingiwe n’iyo ngwate. Ni nako byemejwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza Nº RS/INJUST/RC0M 00003/2021/SC, ko igihe cyose umwenda wishingiwe utarishyurwa, ingwate yawishingiye ikomeza kugira agaciro kuko amasezerano y‘ingwate ari amasezerano y’inyongera ku masezerano y‘umwenda wishingiwe1. [24] Muri uru rubanza, igisuzumwa ahanini ni ukureba niba hari impamvu zemewe n’amategeko zatuma amasezerano yo gutiza ingwate ateshwa agaciro kubera inenge yaba afite ku buryo abatije Mundo Investment Ltd ingwate ari bo Mberabahizi Chrétien Raymond na Nyirahabimana Christine bayisubizwa. [25] Mu rubanza RCOM 02511/2018/TC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 30/04/2019, bigaragara ko Mberabahizi Chrétien Raymond na Nyirahabimana Christine baburanye bavuga ko impamvu basaba ko amasezerano yo gutiza ingwate ateshwa agaciro ari uko bijejwe ko bazahabwa imigabane muri Mundo Investment Ltd baribeshya bemera gutanga imitungo yabo ho ingwate ariko bategereza ko bahabwa imigabane barayibura bakaba bishyuzwa umwenda ungana na 224.932.311 Frw. [26] Mu rubanza RCOMA 00581/2019/HCC mu miburanire yabo, Mberabahizi Chrétien Raymond na Nyirahabimana Christine bavuze ko hari izindi mpamvu bashingiyeho basaba ko amasezerano ateshwa agaciro ariko Urukiko nti rwagira icyo ruzivugaho; muri izo mpamvu harimo ijyanye nuko batigeze bajya kwandikisha ingwate kuko byakorewe imbere y’uwitwa Rugaza Bititi Olivier nka noteri mu Murenge wa Nyamabuye mu Karere ka Muhanga udafite ububasha ku mitungo iri mu Mirenge ya Kinyinya na Bumbogo mu Karere ka Gasabo. Indi mpamvu ngo ni uko Urukiko rwasabwe gusuzuma ingaruka z’ihindurwa ry’ufite inshingano zo kwishyura nk’uko byagaragajwe muri Board resolution ya Mundo Investment Ltd iyambura inshingano zigasigarana Murego Emile na Ndoli James barigishije inguzanyo kandi Equity Bank Rwanda Ltd yarabimenyeshejwe ntiyagira icyo ibikoraho. Basobanuye kandi ko n’ubwo batatanze ingwate mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko, ngo niyo bayitanga, izo nshingano zari kubavaho igihe cyose uwo bari kwishingira atagifite izo nshingano (principe de novation) ariko ngo ntabwo byasuzumwe. Izi mpamvu ni nazo zashyikirijwe uru Rukiko. Indi ngo ni uko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rutahaye agaciro ukwiyemerera kwa Equity Bank Ltd yemeye ko yakoze amasezerano atandukanye agabanya ingwate abajuriye batabizi ndetse ko inyungu zo gutiza ingwate zitubahirijwe kandi ko icyo umwenda wasabiwe atari cyo wakoreshejwe ariko ngo ntabwo byahawe ishingiro. 11 Reba urubanza RS/INJUST/RC0M 00003/2021/SC, rwaciwe ku wa 18/11/2022 haburana Equity Bank Rwanda Plc, BES & Supply Ltd na Uwimana Saidi Salim.

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[27] Dosiye y’uru rubanza igaragaramo amasezerano y’inguzanyo ya 240.000.000 Frw yo ku wa 09/08/2017 yabaye hagati ya Equity Bank Ltd na Mundo Investment Ltd, iyi nguzanyo ikaba yaragombaga kwishyurwa mu mezi 48, hishyurwa 6.863.283 Frw, buri kwezi. Ingingo ya 6 y’ayo masezerano igaragaza ko hatanzwe ingwate zitandukanye zirimo iz’abajuriye zigizwe na UPI: 1/02/01/01/3 na UPI: 1/02/10/04/640 ariko hari n’izindi zatanzwe zigizwe na UPI: 1/03/10/02/1413, UPI: 1/03/07/01/1628, UPI: 1/02/14/07/2678 na UPI: 5/03/04/05/1981. Igaragaza ko hari amasezerano yandi yo ku wa 23/10/2017 yerekana ko ingwate zimaze kuvugwa haruguru zagabanyijwe hasigaramo iz’abajuriye, UPI: 1/03/10/03/576 na UPI: 5/03/04/05/3684. [28] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaramo amasezerano abiri yo ku wa 24/09/2017 yiswe Abstract of Mortgage Agreement yabaye hagati ya Mundo Investment Ltd na Equity Bank Ltd, muri ayo masezerano Mberabahizi Chrétien Raymond na Nyirahabimana Christine bagaragara nk’abatije Mundo Investment Ltd ingwate, kandi bose bayashyizeho umukono imbere ya Noteri w’Umurenge wa Nyamabuye/ Muhanga. Ingwate imwe ifite agaciro ka 46.644.631 Frw indi ikagira agaciro ka 78.695.651 Frw. [29] Dosiye igaragaza na none ko hari icyemezo cy’Inama y’Ubutegetsi ya Mundo Investment Ltd cyo ku wa 27/11/2017 cyerekana ko mu myanzuro yafashe harimo ko Murego Emile yiyemeje kwishyura inguzanyo Mundo Investment Ltd yahawe na Equity Bank Ltd ingana na 240.000.000Frw ariko ko we na Ndoli James bagumye kuba abanyamigabane b’iyo sosiyete. [30] Urukiko rurasanga mu bujurire bwa Mberabahizi Chrétien Raymond na Nyirahabimana Christine batije ingwate batagaragaza ko amasezerano Mundo Investment Ltd yagiranye nabo yaba atujuje ibisabwa n’amategeko kugira ngo agire agaciro kayo nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 4 y’Itegeko N°45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 ryibukijwe haruguru22. Kuba rero Mberabahizi Chrétien Raymond na Nyirahabimana Christine bavuga ko Mundo Investment Ltd yabasezeranyije ko bazaba abanyamigabane bayo bigatuma bayitiza ingwate, ariko ikaba itarabikoze ibyo ntabwo byaba impamvu yo gutesha agaciro ayo masezerano, ahubwo babiryoza uwabibasezeranyije ntabyubahirize. [31] Urukiko rurasanga Mberabahizi Chrétien Raymond na Nyirahabimana Christine badahakana ko batatije ingwate, nta nubwo bahakana imikono yabo iri ku masezerano yo gutiza ingwate bagiranye na Mundo Investment Ltd, ibyo rero ubahagarariye avuga ko batigeze bajya imbere ya Noteri w’Umurenge wa Nyamabuye nta shingiro byahabwa kuko nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru, mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, ubwabo bivugiye ko impamvu basaba ko amasezerano yo gutiza ingwate ateshwa agaciro ari uko bijejwe ko bazahabwa imigabane muri Mundo Investment Ltd baribeshya bemera gutanga imitungo yabo ho ingwate ariko bategereza ko bahabwa imigabane barayibura bakaba bishyuzwa umwenda ungana na 224.932.311 Frw. Bivuze ko nabo bemera ko bageze imbere ya Noteri, cyane ko amazina n’imikono yabo bigaragara kuri ayo masezerano. Urikiko rurasanga ibyo bavuga ko bibeshye bigatuma basinya amasezerano kuko hari ibyo bari bijejwe na Mundo Investment Ltd Ltd nabyo nta shingiro byahabwa, kuko ibyo bitafatwa nko kwibeshya bituma amasezerano ateshwa agaciro, ahubwo 22 Ingingo ya 4 agace ka 1 y’Itegeko no 45/2011 ryo kuwa 25/11/2011 rimaze kuvugwa haruguru iteganya ko ibisabwa by’ibanze mu ikorwa ry’amasezerano bigizwe no kwemeranya kw’impande zigirana amasezerano, ubushobozi bwo gukora amasezerano; ishingiro ry’amasezerano n’impamvu yemewe n’amategeko.

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bijyanye no kuba Mundo Investment Ltd itarubahirije inshingano zayo, ikaba yakwirengera ingaruka zijyanye nabyo imbere y’abo yasezeranyije imigabane. [32] Ku bijyanye n’ibyo uhagarariye Mberabahizi Chrétien Raymond na Nyirahabimana Christine avuga ko amasezerano yo gutiza ingwate yagomba guteshwa agaciro kubera ko yakorewe imbere ya noteri utabifitiye ububasha, Urukiko rurasanga, nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwabibonye, iyo atari impamvu yatuma ayo masezerano ateshwa agaciro, kuko icyo noteri yemeje ni uko impande zombi zumvikanye ku bikubiye mu masezerano akorewe imbere ye. Urukiko rurasanga na none kuba Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwarasanze ntawe uhakana ko ubwo bwumvikane bwabayeho ndetse bigakorerwa imbere ya noteri, ko kandi kuba imitungo ari iyo mu Murenge utari uwe bitakwambura agaciro icyo impande zombi ziyemeje, cyane ko n’iyo iyo nyandiko itajyanwa kwa noteri, bitari kuyambura agaciro mu gihe ibyasezeranwe bihari, nta kosa rwakoze. Rurasanga na none ingingo y’Iteka rya Perezida N° 02/01 ryo ku wa 28/01/2006 rigenga abakozi ba Leta bakora imirimo ya noteri, icyicaro n’ifasi by’ibiro bya noteri, Mberabahizi Chrétien Raymond na Nyirahabimana Christine bashingiraho, kuba ivuga ko ifasi y’ibiro bya noteri w’umurenge ari umurenge akoreramo, bidashatse kuvuga ko byanze bikunze inyandiko yemeza ko zikorewe imbere ye zigomba kuba zireba abantu cyangwa imitungo itimukanwa bibarizwa mu ifasi y’umurenge akoreramo, cyane ko atari Noteri w’ubutaka kuko ariwe wemeza ibijyanye n’ihererekanya ry’ubutaka buri mu murenge akoreramo gusa. [33] Ku bijyanye n’ibyo uhagarariye Mberabahizi Chrétien Raymond na Nyirahabimana Christine avuga ko Murego Emile na Ndoli James bemera ko bambuye Mundo Investment Ltd inshingano zayo bakazisigarana, bityo ko ntacyo baryozwa, Urukiko rurasanga nabyo nta shingiro byahabwa kuko mu gihe umwenda Mundo Investment Ltd ibereyemo Equity Bank Ltd utarishyurwa cyangwa se uberewemo umwenda ngo abe yawuhaze, ingwate ikomeza umurimo wayo wo kwishyingira uwo mwenda. Ntaho rero abatije ingwate bahera bavuga ko amasezerano y’ubugwate yateshwa agaciro. Urukiko rurasanga na none mu gihe nta masezerano ari hagati ya Equity Bank Ltd na Murego Emile hamwe na Ndoli James agaragaza ko inshingano za Mundo Investment Ltd zimukiye kuri Murego Emile na Ndoli James, bityo ko ntacyo Equity Bank Ltd izabaza Mundo Investment Ltd, ibyo Mberabahizi Chrétien Raymond na Nyirahabimana Christine bavuga ko nta shingiro byahabwa. Rurasanga kandi kuba Equity Bank Ltd yarabimenye bitavuga ko yabyemeye, kuko iyo iza kubyemera harigukorwa andi maserano hagati ya Equity Bank Ltd na Murego Emile hamwe na Ndoli James hakanagenwa amerekezo y’ingwate yatijwe Mundo Investment Ltd. Urukiko rurasanga rero nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwabibonye, kuba Equity Bank Ltd yaratanze inguzanyo hanyuma igahabwa ingwate zayo ndetse hakumvikanwa n’uburyo igomba kwishyurwa, byumvikanisha ko kugira ngo habe hagira igihindurwa mu bigize ayo masezerano yaba ay’inguzanyo cyangwa ay’ingwate, nayo igomba kubigiramo uruhare kuko amasezerano akozwe ku buryo bukurikije amategeko aseswa ari uko abayagiranye babyumvikanyeho cyangwa ku mpamvu zemewe n’amategeko. [34] Urukiko rurasanga ibyo uhagarariye Mberabahizi Chrétien Raymond na Nyirahabimana Christine avuga ko abajuriye basobanuriye Urukiko uruhare rwa Equity Bank Ltd mu buriganya bwo kugabanya ingwate yahawe ku mwenda igamije ko ubwishyu bwose bwazava mu mutungo w’abareze bonyine, kandi amasezerano yari afite ubwishingizi 12 ikabanza gukuramo inzu 3, ikongera igakuramo ubwishingizi bw’abagize inama y’ubutegetsi, ntiyanacunga umutungo wimukanwa yari yahaweho ingwate, ari impamvu yari gutuma amasezerano yo gutiza ingwate

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ateshwa agaciro nabyo nta shingiro byahabwa, kuko niyo koko Equity Bank Ltd yaba yaragabanyije ingwate yahawe, ibyo niyo byagiraho ingaruka zo kwivutsa amahirwe yo kwishyurwa, ariko ntabwo byaba impamvu yo gutesha agaciro amasezerano. Naho ibyo kuba ishobora kuba itaracunze umutungo wimukanwa yahaweho ingwate, Urukiko rurasanga ntaho byaba bihuriye n’inenge zishobora gutuma amasezerano yo gutiza ingwate ateshwa agaciro, ahubwo byashakirwa ku buryozwe bwo kutubahiriza amasezerano, uruhande rutayubahirije rukaba rwabitangira indishyi. [35] Urukiko rurasanga na none, ibyo uhagarariye Mberabahizi Chrétien Raymond na Nyirahabimana Christine avuga ko Urukiko rwafashe icyemezo ku masezerano y’umwenda yabaye hagati ya Equity Bank Ltd na Mundo Investment Ltd kandi rwararegewe amasezerano y’ingwate yiswe Abstract of mortgage agreement, ntacyo byabamarira, kuko nk’uko byagaragajwe mu bika bibanziriza iki ikibazo nyamukuru, n’icyo kumenya niba Mberabahizi Chrétien Raymond na Nyirahabimana Christine baragombaga gusubizwa ingwate batije Mundo Investment Ltd, mu gihe umwenda iyi ibereyemo utarishyurwa. [36] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro bimaze gutangwa, Urukiko rurasanga ubujurire bwa Mberabahizi Chrétien Raymond na Nyirahabimana Christine nta shingiro bufite, bityo imikirize y’urubanza RCOMA 00581/2019/HCC rwaciwe, n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 19/11/2021, igumyeho. 2.Kumenya niba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa muri uru rubanza afite ishingiro [37] Uhagarariye Nyirahabimana Christine na Mberabahizi Chrétien Raymond avuga ko basaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka abaregwa bose guha Mberabahizi Chrétien Raymond na Nyirahabimana Christine 3.500.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka kuri bombi kuko basangiye inyungu, na 1.000.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza kuri buri wese. [38] Abahagarariye Equity Bank Ltd yiregura ku mafaranga Mberabahizi Chrétien Raymond na Nyirahabimana Christine basaba avuga ko nta shingiro akwiye guhabwa, kuko kuva na mbere ntayo bigeze babona, cyane ko kujurira ari uburyo bwo gutinza urubanza. [39] Avuga kandi ko ashingiye ku ngingo ya 111, igika cya 1 y’Itegeko N°22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza mbonezamubano iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko: “Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza”, asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka abajuriye guha Equity Bank Plc 1.000.000 Frw y'igihembo cya Avoka na 300.000 Frw y'ikurikiranarubanza. [40] Uhagarariye Nyirahabimana Christine na Mberabahizi Chrétien Raymond yiregura ku mafaranga Equity Bank Ltd isaba avuga ko nta shingiro yahabwa, kubera ko abajuriye bagaragaza ko amakosa ya Equity Bank Ltd yo kujyana imikono y’abarega kwa Noteri batahibereye byafashije Murego Emile na Ndoli James kugera ku mugambi wabo w’uburiganya, kuko iyo bitagenda bityo batari kuwugeraho. Ikindi gituma Equity Bank Ltd idakwiye guhabwa amafaranga isaba ari uko yibasira gusa umutungo wabo wonyine, kandi yarahawe imitungo myinshi ntiyicunge kugeza aho irigishijwe.

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UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [41] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 28/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza mbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ibikurikira: “Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe”. [42] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka, Mberabahizi Chrétien Raymond na Nyirahabimana Christine basaba batagomba kuyahabwa kuko ubujrire bwabo nta shingiro bufite. [43] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka Equity Bank Ltd isaba afite ishingiro, ariko ayo isaba ni menshi harebwe ibyakozwe ku rubanza, bityo mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko, ruyigeneye 500.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 200.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza agomba gutangwa na Mberabahizi Chrétien Raymond afatanije na Nyirahabimana Christine kuri uru rwego; yiyongera kuri 1.300.000Frw akubiyemo ay’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka yagenwe mu manza zabanje, yose hamwe akaba 2.000.000 Frw. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [44] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Nyirahabimana Christine na Mberabahizi Chrétien Raymond nta shingiro bufite. [45] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RCOMA 00581/2019/HCC rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 19/11/2021, igumyeho. [46] Rutegetse Nyirahabimana Christine na Mberabahizi Chrétien Raymond gufatanya kwishyura Equity Bank Ltd 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 200.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza yinyongera kuri 1.300.000Frw yagenewe n’inkiko zabanje. [47] Ruvuze ko amagarama yatanzwe ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza.