UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MISAGO

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MISAGO

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-11-21 - Case/document no.: RPAA 01306/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MISAGO [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 01306/2024/CA (Umugwaneza, P.J.) 21 Ugushyingo 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Gutunda ibiyobyabwenge – Kugabanya igihano – Umuntu wahamwe n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge ntashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano ku buryo kijya munsi y’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5 000 000 Frw iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, kuko aricyo gito guteganyijwe n’itegeko kuri icyo cyaha, ndetse no ku kindi cyaha gihanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. Incamake y’ikibazo: Misabo Elie yakurikiranyweho n’Ubushinjacyaha icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, nyuma yuko afatanywe udupfunyika 203 tw’urumogi; nyuma y’iperereza bwamuregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo busaba ko cyamuhama, akagihanirwa. Nyuma yuko uregwa aburanye yemera icyaha, urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni makumyabiri n’imwe (21.000.000Frw). Misago atishimiye icyo gihano yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko yemeye icyaha ariko ahanishwa igihano kirekire. Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko igifungo cy’imyaka 15 yahanishijwe kigumyeho, agatanga n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw. Misago yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano agahabwa bito, biri munsi y’icyo Itegeko riteganya, bashingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ze ndetse no kuba amaze kugororoka, akaba akomeje kwicuza ibikorwa bigayitse yakoze. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ibihano bito uregwa asaba kandi biteganywa n’itegeko yabihawe, bityo ko nta yindi mpamvu ihari yatuma agabanyirizwa igihano. Incamake y’icyemezo: Umuntu wahamwe n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge ntashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano ku buryo kijya munsi y’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5 000 000 Frw iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, kuko aricyo gito guteganyijwe n’itegeko kuri icyo cyaha no ku kindi cyaha cyose gihanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ntiruhindutse. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, Ingingo ya 2. Imanza zifashishijwe:

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RPAA 00391/2023/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 17/04/2025, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Ntamakiriro Ezechiel Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 03/11/2022, Polisi y’igihugu ishami rishinzwe kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge na magendu, kumakuru yahawe n’abaturage ko Misago Elie arimo acuruza urumogi mu Mudugudu wa Tetero, Akagari ka Kabuye mu Murenge wa Jabana, yagiyeyo kumushaka, imufatana ibipfunyika binini 5 by’urumogi, kimwe akigurisha ku mafaranga ibuhumbi bitatu (3.000Frw), bamusaba kwerekana aho atuye ntiyabikora, bikorwa n’abaturage, polisi ijyayo, isanga mu rugo rwe utundi dupfunyika 198 tw’urumogi, rwose hamwe rukaba ari udupfunyika 203. Ashyikirizwa Ubugenzacyaha. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba ko cyamuhama, akagihanirwa. [3] Misago Elie, yaburanye yemera icyaha aregwa akanagisabira imbabazi, asobanura ko yafatanwe udupfunyika 203 tw’urumogi, akaba yaramaze amezi atatu arucuruza ndetse ko muri 2017 yigeze kurufungirwa arabireka ariko yongeye kurucuruza abitewe no kuba yaramaze amezi atatu nta kazi afite kandi afite umugore n’abana batatu baba mu nzu ikodeshwa. Asaba imbabazi, avuga ko atazongera gucuruza urumogi. [4] Mu rubanza RP 01184/2022/TGI/GSBO, rwaciwe ku wa 21/12/2022, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, rwasanze hari ibimenyetso bihamya Misago Elie icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi bigizwe na: a) Ukwemera icyaha kwe akanagisabira imbabazi no kuba yarafatanwe udupfunyika 203 tw’urumogi; b) Imvugo z’umutangabuhamya Nkurikiyinka Geoffrey, umushinja kugurisha urumogi; c) Raporo ya polisi ishinzwe kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge igaragaza uburyo yafashwe acuruza urumogi ndetse inagaragaza ingano y’ibiyobyabwenge yafatanwe. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwashingiye kuri ibyo bimenyetso, rwemeza ko Misago Elie ahamwe n’icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi. Rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni makumyabiri n’imwe (21.000.000Frw). [5] Misago Elie yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko yemeye icyaha ariko ahanishwa igihano kirekire.

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[6] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Misago Elie yagabanyirijwe ibihano bihagije bukurikije igihe yaburanye n’ibihano yagombaga guhanishwa icyo gihe. Bukaba busanga igihano yahanishijwe cy’imyaka 15 kitajya munsi yacyo ukurikije Itegeko rishya bityo ko atakongera kugabanyirizwa. [7] Mu rubanza RPA 00331/2023/HC/KIG, rwaciwe ku wa 29/10/2024, Urukiko Rukuru, nyuma yo gusuzuma impamvu z’ubujurire za Misago Elie, rwasanze igifungo cy’imyaka 15 yahanishijwe gihuye n’ibiteganywa n’Itegeko rishya riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, bityo ko atakongera kukigabanyirizwa, ahubwo kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha akaba akwiriye kugabanyirizwa ihazabu yahanishijwe. Rwemeza ko igifungo cy’imyaka 15 yahanishijwe kigumyeho, agatanga n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw. [8] Misago Elie yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa RPAA 01306/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 06/11/2025, Misago Elie yunganiwe na Me Byiringiro Kalisa, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Harindintwari Côme, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’igihugu. [9] Mu mwanzuro w’ubujurire, Misago Elie n’umwunganizi we, basaba ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano agahabwa bito, biri munsi y’icyo Itegeko riteganya, bashingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ze ndetse no kuba amaze kugororoka, akaba akomeje kwicuza ibikorwa bigayitse yakoze. [10] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire za Misago Elie zidafite ishingiro kuko ibyo asaba yarabihawe n’Urukiko, agabanyirizwa ibihano ahabwa bito biteganywa n’Itegeko, bityo ko nta yindi mpamvu yabona ituma agabanyirizwa igihano. [11] Hakurikijwe izo mpaka, muri uru rubanza harasuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Misago Elie akwiriye kugabanyirizwa ibihano. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba Misago Elie akwiriye kugabanyirizwa ibihano [12] Misago Elie n’umwunganira, basaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano, agahabwa gito kiri munsi y’icyo Itegeko riteganya kingana n’igifungo cy’imyaka irindwi (7) bashingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha z’uko yemeye icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho, kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu butabera ku buryo buzwi, kuba nta ngaruka icyaha yakoze cyateje muri sosiyete, akaba akomeje kucyicuza no kugisabira imbabazi. [13] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwagabanyirije Misago Elie ibihano nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 6 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, rukaba rwaramuhanishije igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw, akaba aribyo bihano bito biteganywa n’Itegeko bityo ko kitakongera kugabanywa. Busaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kwemeza ko imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe idahindutse. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA Impaka kuri iyi ngingo, zishingiye kukumenya niba Misago Elie akwiriye kugabanyirizwa igihano kuri uru rwego kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha yagaragaje, kuburyo yahanishwa

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igifungo kiri munsi y’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru. [14] Ku birebana no kugabanya igihano mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko: “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: …; (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, … (d) igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe.” [15] Ku kibazo kijyanye no kumenya niba umuntu wahamijwe icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge ashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha, cyakemuwe mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, kuva aho Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange risohokeye, aho Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje ko icyo gihano kidashobora kugabanywa kuko aricyo gito giteganywa n’itegeko kuri icyo cyaha ndetse no ku kindi cyaha cyose gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu. Muri izo manza harimo n’urubanza RPAA 00391/2023/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 17/04/2025, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Ntamakiriro Ezechiel1. [16] Nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 62, Urukiko Rukuru, rwagabanyirije Misago Elie igihano cy’ihazabu, rushingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha z’uko yemeye icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho, akaba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe mu buryo buzwi mu butabera, rukaba rutaramugabanyirije igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye kuko rwasanze gihuye n’icyo ingingo ya 2 agace ka a y’Itegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018, riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya; rumugumisha ku gifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), rumuhanisha ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ingana na miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw) aho kuba miliyoni makumyabiri n’imwe (21.000.000Frw) yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye. [17] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, rushingiye ku ngingo ya 2 agace ka (a) n’aka (d), y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ryagarutsweho mu gika cya 14 cy’uru rubanza ndetse no ku murongo wafashwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rugendeye kuri iyo ngingo nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru mugika cya 15, rurasanga igihano Misago Elie yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw) aricyo gito gishoboka ku cyaha yahamijwe mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, bityo kikaba kidakwiye kugabanywa. [18] Hashingiwe kubimaze kuvugwa byose, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ibyasabwe na Misago Elie n’umwunganizi we, ko yagabanyirizwa igihano yahawe cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), agahabwa gito kingana n’imyaka irindwi (7), bashingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ze, nta shingiro bifite, kuko yahanishijwe igihano gito gishoboka, kitajya munsi y’icyo yahanishijwe hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 n’umurongo byavuzwe mu gika kibanziriza iki.

1 Reba igika cyarwo cya 14. 2 Reba urubanza no RPA 00331/2023/HC/KIG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 29/10/2024.

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III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [19] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Misago Elie nta shingiro bufite; [20] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA 00331/2023/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, ku wa 29/10/2024, rudahindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose, Misago Elie, akaba akomeje guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw).