MUA RWANDA LTD V MBYAYINGABO

MUA RWANDA LTD V MBYAYINGABO

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2022-06-30 - Case/document no.: RCA 00056/2021/HC/RSZ - Collection: High Court

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MUA RWANDA LTD V MBYAYINGABO [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU - RCA 00056/2021/HC/RSZ (Habimana, P.J.) 30 Kamena 2022] Indishyi z'ibangamiraburambe- Kutaba ngombwa gutakaza umushahara kugira ngo ubone guhabwa indishyi mbangamiraburambe - Uwahohotewe ntabanza gutakaza umushahara kugira ngo agire uburenganzira ku ndishyi mbangamiraburambe. Iteka rya perezida No 31/01 ryo kuwa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw'umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, ingingo ya 19. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rukomoka ku mpanuka yakozwe n’imodokari yo mu bwoko bwa Fuso igonga uwitwa Mbyayingabo arakomereka asigarana ubumuga bungana na 42% ndetse n’ibangamiraburanga riri ku rwego rwa gatatu. Yaje kwandika ibaruwa asaba indishyi umwishingizi yanga kuzimuha bituma atanga ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwaje kwemeza ko yahabwa indishyi zinyuranye. MUA Rwanda Ltd yahise ijuririra icyo cyemezo ivuga ko Urukiko rwisumbuye rwaratanze indishyi mbangamirabukungu kandi urega nta gihombo yatewe n’impanuka kuko yakomeje guhembwa aho yakoraga no kuba haratanzwe indishyi mbangamiraburambe kandi zidakwiye. Abisobanura avuga ko urega yari asanzwe ari umwalimu akaba yarahembwaga n’Akarere kandi amaze gukora impanuka akaba yarakomeje guhembwa umushahara we wose bigaragaza ko impanuka yagize itagize ingaruka ku mushahara we bityo akaba nta ndishyi mbangamirabukungu

(mbonezamusaruro) yagombaga kugenerwa kuko ntacyo yahombye kirebana n’umushahara. Yongeraho ko aramutse anazigenewe atabarirwa nk’umuntu udafite akazi kazwi kamuha umushahara uzwi ngo abarirwe ku mushahara fatizo wa Frw 3000 ku munsi kuko we yari umwalimu ufite umushahara uzwi. Akomeza avuga kandi ko nta ndishyi mbangamiraburambe zagombaga gutangwa kuko uwahohotewe yakomeje akazi nk’ibisanzwe ndetse agabawa n’umushahara we yari asanzwe abona. Mbyariyingabo we avuga ko ntaho itegeko ribuza uwahohotewe ufite akazi agakomeza guhembwa kuba yahabwa indishyi mbangamirabukungu. Akomeza kandi asobanura ko ubumuga yatewe n’impanuka buzagira ingaruka ku burambe yari kuzagira ku kazi kuko ubwo burambe buzagabanuka bityo akaba akwiye guhabwa indishyi mbangamiraburambe. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Umushahara w’umukozi niwo ugomba kubarirwaho indishyi, bityo ibyakozwe muri uru rubanza ku rwego rwa mbere mu rukiko rwisumbuye habarirwa ku mushahara w’amafaranga 3.000Frw bikaba bikosowe habarirwa ku mushahara Mbyariyingabo yahembwaga aho kubarirwa ku mushahara fatizo wa Frw 3000 ku munsi mu buryo bukurikira: (94.831Frw x 12 x 25 x 42%): 1+(7,813%X 25) = 4.046.293Frw.

2. Uwahohotewe ntabanza gutakaza umushahara kugira ngo agire uburenganzira ku ndishyi mbangamiraburambe bityo Myariyingabo nubwo yakomeje guhembwa umushahra we ntibikuraho ko yagenerwa indishyi mbangamiraburambe. Ikirego cy’ubujurire nta shingiro gifite;

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Nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza RC 00041/2020/TGI/RSZ. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 111; Iteka rya perezida No 31/01 ryo kuwa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw'umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka, ingingo ya 18, 19. Nta manza zifashishijwe Urubanza I.IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Kuwa 05/10/2019 saa 19h30 mu mudugudu wa Kabuyange akagali ka Rebero, Umurenge wa Nzahaha mu Karerea ka Rusizi habereye impanuka ikomeye y’imodoka Fuso ifite plaque RAB230B yagonze Mbyayingabo Emmanuel arakomereka ku buryo yasigaranye ubumuga bungana na 42% ndetse n’ibangamiraburanga riri ku rwego rwa gatatu “3’. Nyuma yo gusaba kwishyurwa indishyi mu bwumvikane umwishingizi ntabyemere Mbyayingabo Emmanuel yaregeye urukiko asaba indishyi zinyuranye. Urukiko rwisumbuye rwemeje ko MUA Rwanda ltd igomba kumwishyura indishyi zose hamwe zingana n’amafaranga 5.783.515Frw. [2] MUA Rwanda ltd yahise ijuririra icyo cyemezo ikinenga ku kuba Urukiko rwisumbuye ngo rwaratanze indishyi mbangamirabukungu kandi Mbyayingabo Emmanuel nta gihombo yatewe n’impanuka kuko yakomeje guhembwa aho yakoraga. Yanenze kandi kuba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwaragennye indishyi mbangamiraburambe kandi mu isesengura rwari rwasanze zitagomba gutangwa. [3] Ku ruhande rwa

Mbyayingabo Emmanuel waregeye indishyi, yasobanuye ko ibivugwa na MUA Rwanda ltd nta shingiro bifite kubera ko indishyi mbangamirabukungu zatanzwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko ahubwo uhagarariye MUA Rwanda Ltd ashaka gukoresha itegeko icyo ritavuga kuko zidahabwa gusa umuntu utagira akazi. Kubijyanye n’indishyi z’ibangamiraburambe yasobanuye ko izi ndishyi urukiko rwazigennye mu buryo buciye mu mucyo kuko Mbyayingabo Emmanuel mbere y'uko akora impanuka hari imirimo yikoreraga atazongera neza nyuma y’uko imusigiye ubumuga buhoraho bungana na 42%. Mbyayingabo Emmanuel yatanze ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi asaba ko uburyo indishyi mbangamirabukungu zabazwemo byakosorwa kubera ko yabariwe umushahara wa 3.000Frw nk’umuntu udafite umushahara uzwi mu gihe yari yatanze ibimenyetso by’umushahara yatahanaga ku kwezi. [4] Nyuma yo kumva ibisobanuro ku mpande zombi Urukiko rwahise rusuzuma ibibazo bikurikira: - Kumenya niba Mbyayingabo Emmanuel adafite uburenganira ku indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu kuko yakomejwe guhembwa n’umukoresha we;

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- Kumenya niba indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zahawe Mbyayingabo Emmanuel zarabazwe mu buryo bukurikije itegeko; - Kumenya niba Mbyayingabo Emmanuel afite uburenganzira ku ndishyi z’ibangamiraburambe; - Ibijyanye indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya avoka. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA a) Kumenya niba Mbyayingabo Emmanuel adafite uburenganira ku indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu kuko yakomejwe guhembwa n’umukoresha we. [5] Me Munini Patrick mu izina rya MUA Rwanda ltd yasobanuye ko mu kujuririra imikirize y’urubanza RC 00041/2020/TGI/RSZ rwaciwe kuwa 29/10/2021 bashatse kugaragaza ko Urukiko rwisumbuyen rutagombaga kugenera Mbyayingabo Emmanuel indishyi mbangamirabukungu mu gihe ubwe yagaragaje ko yari umukozi w’akarere ka Rusizi (umwalimu) akaba yarahembwaga 94,831Frw, impanuka yo kuwa 05/10/2019 ikaba itaragize ingaruka ku mushahara yahembwaga nka mwalimu mu Karere, bityo akaba nta ndishyi mbangamirabukungu (mbonezamusaruro) urukiko rwagombaga ku mugenera kuko ntacyo yahombye kirebana n’umushahara kubw’iyi mpanuka. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi mu gushakisha igisobanuro ruha izi ndishyi, ngo rwafashe Mbyayingabo Emmanuel nk’utagira akazi kazwi, kandi agafite, katarigeze gahagarikwa n’iriya mpanuka. [6] Me Nyirahabimana Marie mu izina rya Mbyayingabo Emmanuel yasobanuye ko iyi mpamvu y’ubujurire nta shingiro ifite kubera ko izi ndishyi mbangamira bukungu

ziteganywa n’ingingo ya 18 y'iteka rya perezida N0 31 /01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw'umubili ku mpanuka zitewe n'ibinyabiziga byo mu muhanda mu gace kayo ka mbere aho igira iti : "iyo uwahohotewe akora umurimo ahemberwa, ahabwa amafaranga abarwa hakurikijwe igihembo umuntu atahana, urwego rw'ubumuga n'imyaka ye." Itegeko rikaba risobanutse hakaba ntaho ribuza ko umukozi wa leta ukoze impanuka agakomeza guhembwa adakwiye guhabwa indishyi. Mbyayingabo yagize ubumuga bwa 42% bwamuteye kugendera ku mbago ariko ntabwo ubu bumuga bwatumye ahagarika akazi; ni umukozi wa leta, nubu kandi akomeje guhembwa nk'umwarimu mu kigo cya GS Nzahaha. Uhagarariye MUA azi neza ko nawe mu rukiko Rwisumbuye yemezaga ko Mbyayingabo akwiye kubarirwa izi ndishyi, ndetse n'abanyamategeko ba MUA Rwanda ltd ariko babyemeraga, ikitumvikanweho cyatumye Mbyayingabo Emmanuel aregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye akaba ari uburyo izi ndishyi bazibaragamo.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [7] Ingingo ya 18 al.1,2 y’Iteka rya Perezida nº31/01 ryo ku wa 25/082003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga ivuga ko Iyo ari ubumuga buhoraho burengeje 30%, indishyi y'ibangamirabukungu ikorwa hakurikijwe amategeko akurikira: Iyo uwahohotewe akora umurimo ahemberwa, ahabwa amafaranga abarwa hakurikijwe igihembo umuntu atahana, urwego rw'ubumuga n'imyaka ye. Ibi biragaragaza neza ko umukozi usanzwe ufite akazi kamuhemba umushahara uhoraho, ibyo

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bitamuvutsa uburenganzira ku ndishyi mbangamirabukungu igihe yakoreweho impanuka, hatitawe kandi ku kuba yarakomeje guhembwa cyangwa se umushahara warahagaritswe. [8] Kuba rero MUA Rwanda ltd yarajurijwe no kuba uwahohotewe yari umukozi w’akarere ka Rusizi (umwalimu) wari ufite umushahara uzwi kandi ukaba utarahagaritswe bityo ngo akaba atahabwa indishyi mbangamirabukungu ngo kubera ko ntacyo yahombye ; Urukiko rusanga nk’uko bimaze gusobanurwa haruguru nta shingiro bifite kubera ko itegeko ryateganyije ko izi ndishyi zigomba gutangwa hatitawe ku kuba uwahohotewe yarakomeje guhembwa cyangwa se yarahagarikiwe umushahara. Iryo tandukaniro rigira ingaruka gusa ku byerekeranye n’uburyo izo ndishyi zibarwamo nk’uko nabyo biteganywa n’ibindi bika by’iriya ngingo ya 18 ariko bitari busuzumwe muri uru rubanza kubera ko atari cyo kibazo Urukiko rwashyikirijwe. b) Kumenya niba indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zahawe Mbyayingabo Emmanuel zarabazwe mu buryo bukurikije itegeko [9] Me Nyirahabimana Marie mu izina rya Mbyayingabo Emmanuel yasobanuye ko Urukiko rwajuririwe rwasuzuma ibijyanye n’ibarwa ry’indishyi mbangamirabukungu kuko urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi rwirengagije ibimenyetso byose rwashyikirijwe bigaragaza ko yakoze impanuka ari umwarimu uhembwa, uhembwa umushahara uzwi, aho gushingira ibarwa ry’indishyi mbangamirabukungu ku mushahara we ruzibarira ku mushahara fatizo w’amafaranga 3.000Frw ku munsi (SMIG).

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [10] Ingingo ya 18 al.1,2.5 y’Iteka rya Perezida nº31/01 ryo ku wa 25/082003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga ivuga ko Iyo ari ubumuga buhoraho burengeje 30%, indishyi y'ibangamirabukungu ikorwa hakurikijwe amategeko akurikira: Iyo uwahohotewe akora umurimo ahemberwa, ahabwa amafaranga abarwa hakurikijwe igihembo umuntu atahana, urwego rw'ubumuga n'imyaka ye. Indishyi izakorwa mu buryo bukurikira: Umusaruro w'umwaka umuntu atahana X umubare w'imyaka, ashigaje kubaho akora X ijanisha ry'ubumuga. Amafaranga ukagabanya 1 + (igipimo cy'ibitsa X umubare w'imyaka ashigaje kubaho akora) Ibyo ari byo byose, iyo ndishyi ntigomba kurenga, yose hamwe, inshuro mirongo inani umushahara w'umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n'amategeko. [11] Mbyayingabo yakoze impanuka ari Umwarimu mu mashuli abanza muri GS Nzahaha, akorera amafranga angana na 94,831Frw ku kwezi ni ukuvuga ko ku munsi atahana umusaruro ungana na 94,831Frw: 30 = 3.161Frw. Yakoze impanuka afite imyaka 40 y’amavuko akaba yari asigaje imyaka 25 kugira ngo agere mu zabukuru ndetse imusigira ubumuga buhoraho bungana na 42%. Urukiko rusanga umushahara we ariwo agomba kubarirwaho indishyi, biryo ibyakozwe muri uru rubanza ku rwego rwa mbere mu rukiko rwisumbuye habarirwa ku mushahara w’amafaranga 3.000Frw bikaba bikosowe mu buryo bukurikira : (94.831Frw x 12 x 25 x 42%) : 1+(7,813%X 25) = 4.046.293Frw. c) Kumenya niba Mbyayingabo Emmanuel afite uburenganzira ku ndishyi z’ibangamiraburambe

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[12] Me Munini Patrick mu izina rya MUA Rwanda ltd yasobanuye ko banenze kandi uburyo Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi rwategetse ko Mbyayingabo Emmanuel agenerwa indishyi z'ibangamiraburambe ku kazi (prejeduce de carriere), mu gihe urukiko ubwarwo ngo rwasanze atazikwiye mu gika cya [19] cy’urubanza rujuririrwa. Mu isesengura rwakoze muri icyo gika, rwagize ruti: “Urukiko rusanga n’ubwo Mbyayingabo Emmanuel yakoze impanuka akivuza ariko nta kigaragaza igihe yaba yaramaze arwaye uretse gusa kuba ahuza amezi 6 n’ateganywa mu itegeko, akaba nta nikigaragaza ko mu gihe yari arwaye yigeze atakaza umushahara yari asanzwe abona, bityo indishyi z’ibangamiraburambe ku kazi akaba atazihabwa.” Iyi motivation rwari rwakoze ikaba ishimangira ibiteganyijwe mu ngingo ya 4 y’itegeko no 41/2001 ryo kuwa 19/09/2001. [13] Mu kwiregura Me Nyirahabimana Marie mu izina rya Mbyayingabo Emmanuel yasobanuye ko Mbyayingabo yakoze impanuka kuwa 05/10/2019 agakomereka cyane agasigarana ubumuga buhoraho bungana na 42%. Mu by'ukuli ngo umuntu wari warananiwe kujya kubonana na Muganga wa MUA Rwanda Ltd kandi akaba yaranasigaranye ubumuga bukomeye gutya, bigaragara ko atagira uburambe mu kazi bungana nubwo yari kuzagira ari muzima nta mpanuka yakoze. Akaba yarabariwe indishyi mbangamiraburambe ku kazi zishingiye ku mezi atandatu (6) asanzwe ateganywa n'itegeko, nyamara yaramaze amezi 11 adakora arwaye.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [14] Igika cya nyuma cy’ingingo ya 19 y’iteka rya perezida No 31/01 ryo kuwa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw'umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga kivuga ko ibangamira ry'uburambe rireba kandi rikishyurwa mu buryo bukurikira: - Gutakaza amahirwe y'akazi umunyeshuri wo mu mashuri yisumbuye, wo mu mashuri y'imyuga, wo mu mashuri makuru cyangwa andi angana na yo ashobora kwizera; - gutakaza uburambe mu kazi ku muntu wari usanzwe akora. Ku wa mbere, amafaranga agomba gutangwa ntashobora kurenga umushahara w'umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n'amategeko. Ku wa kabiri, ayo mafaranga agarukira gusa ku mezi atandatu y'umusaruro abazwe kandi atarengeje inshuro 30 umushahara w'umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n'amategeko. Kubw’iyi ngingo ntabwo ari ngombwa ko uwahohotewe abanza gutakaza umushahara kugira ngo agire uburenganzira ku ndishyi mbangamiraburambe. [15] Dosiye y’urubanza ibigaragaza ko izi ndishyi z’ibangamiraburambe MUA Rwanda ltd yajuririye zitigeze zitangwa n’ubwo rwose uwahohotewe yari azifitiye uburenganzira. Urukiko rusanga rero iyi ngingo y’ubujurire nta shingiro ifite, ndetse rukaba rutanazisubiraho ngo ruzigenere uwahohotewe kubera ko atigeze azijuririra ngo iki kibazo gisuzumwe ku rwego rw’ubujurire. d) Ibijyanye n’indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya avoka [16] Me Nyirahabimana Marie mu izina rya Mbyayingabo Emmanuel yasabye ko umwishingizi yabishyura indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza ndetse n’igihembo cya avoka zingana

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n’amafaranga 1.000.000Frw, bitewe n’uko yabashoye mu manza; Urukiko rukaba rusanga hagendewe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 111 y’itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi ivuga ko ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ari ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kikaba kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo; kandi kikaba gishobora kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe; Urukiko rurasanga indishyi zisabwe ku rwego rw’ubujurire zifite ishingiro, kandi zihuje n’ibyatakajwe muri uru rubanza hagendewe kandi ku mirimo yarukozwemo harimo ko ababuranyi batitabye urukiko inshuro zirenze eshatu, MUA Rwanda ltd ikaba igomba kwishyura Mbyayingabo Emmanuel indishyi zingana n’amafaranga 500.000Frw. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [17] Rwemeje ko ikirego cy’ubujurire rwashyikirijwe cya MUA Rwanda ltd nta shingiro gifite. [18] Rwemeje ko kirego cy’ubujurire bwuririye k’ubundi cya Mbyayingabo Emmanuel gifite ishingiro. [19] Rwemeje ko nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza RC 00041/2020/TGI/RSZ rwaciwe kuwa 29/10/2021 n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi, usibye z’ibangamirabukungu zikosowe, n’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’avoka byiyongereyeho. [20] Rutegetse MUA Rwanda ltd kwishyura Mbyayingabo Emmanuel indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zingana n’amafaranga 4.046.293Frw, itazishyura ku neza kandi mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko zikazavanwa mu byayo ku ngufu za Leta.