MUGANGA v. HOPITAL LA CROIX DU SUD

# MUGANGA v. HOPITAL LA CROIX DU SUD

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-12-30 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RSOC00002/2021/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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MUGANGA v. HOPITAL LA CROIX DU SUD [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RS/INJUST/RSOC00002/2021/CA (Munyangeri, P.J., Kamere na Rutazana, J.) 30 Ukuboza 2024] Amategeko agenga imanza z’umurimo – Amasezerano y’umurimo – Isubikwa ry’amasezerano y’umurimo – Kuba umukozi afunzwe by’agateganyo n’urwego rubifitiye ububasha mu gihe kitarenze amezi atandatu, ntabashe kubimenyesha umukoresha we, ariko akabimumenyesha akimara gufungurwa, ntibifatwa nk’ikosa rikomeye ryo guta akazi, ahubwo ni impamvu yumvikana ituma amasezerano y’umurimo asubikwa by’agateganyo. Incamake y’ikibazo: Muganga yari umuforomo muri Hôpital La Croix du Sud, bafitanye amasezerano y’igihe kitazwi yatangiye ku wa 01/10/2019. Yaje kwirukanwa kubera ikosa rikomeye ryo guta akazi, aho avuga ko yafunzwe na Police ubwo yitabaga “convocation” ya kane, biturutse k’umukoresha we (Hôpital La Croix du Sud) wamwimye uruhushya rwo kwitaba “convocation” zigera muri 3. Avuga ko yafunzwe ku wa 07/11/2014 maze umukoresha amwirukana ku wa 24/11/2014 kandi yari abizi ko impamvu yatumaga atajyaga ku kazi ari uko afunzwe. Hôpital La Croix du Sud yireguye ivuga ko Urega atirukanwe binyuranyije n’amategeko, kuko yirukanwe biturutse ku ikosa rikomeye ryo guta akazi, cyane ko ubwo yamwirukanaga itari izi ko afunzwe. Mu rubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, hemejwe ko ikirego cy’Urega gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe, ko yirukanwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, rutegeka Uregwa kumuha indishyi zitandukanye zijyanye n’uko kwirukanwa. Uregwa yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko mu rubanza rujuririrwa Urukiko rwemeje ko Urega yirukanwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko rushingiye ku miburanire ye gusa, nyamara yarirukanwe kubera ikosa rikomeye ryo guta akazi, kandi akaba atarabizi ko yari afunzwe. Urega yireguye ashimangira ko umukoresha we yamwirukanye azi neza ko afunzwe, kuko umwana we yabibwiye umuhesha w’inkiko wari umuzaniye iyo baruwa imwirukana mu kazi. Mu rubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, hemejwe ko ubujurire bwa Hôpital La Croix du Sud bufite ishingiro, ko imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe ihindutse kuri byose, maze rutegeka Muganga kuyiha amafaranga y’ibyagiye kuri urwo rubanza. Urega yasabye ko icyo cyemezo gisubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane arabyemererwa, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwemeza ko ruburanishwa n’uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, aho yarugaragarije ko akarengane ke gashingiye ku kuba Urukiko Rukuru rwarirengagije amategeko n’ibimenyetso, rukemeza ko yirukanwe ku kazi mu buryo bukurikije amategeko ngo kubera ko ubwo Uregwa yamwirukanaga ku mpamvu yo guta akazi, atari azi aho aherereye, kuba atarahawe indishyi yasabye zirimo izo kwirukanwa binyuranyije n’amategeko, iz’ikiruhuko cy’umwaka wa 2014 atahawe, izo kudahabwa icyemezo cy’imirimo yakoze, ndetse no kuba atarahawe indishyi z’ikurikirana rubanza n’igihembo cy’avoka. Urega asobanura ko yirukanwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko kuko uwari umukoresha we yari abizi ko yafunzwe kubera kutitaba hamagara za Polisi zigera kuri eshatu k’ubwo kumwima uruhushya, maze bakaza kumureba ku kazi nk’aho yabuze. Avuga kandi ko akimara gufungurwa ubwe yabwiye umukoresha we ko atazaga ku kazi kubera ko yari afunzwe ndetse amwereka ikibihamya, ariko ko umukoresha atabihaye agaciro agakomeza kumufata nk’uwari warataye akazi. Muri uru rubanza rw’akarengane, Uregwa asobanura ko usibye kuvuga ko ngo yari azi neza ko afunzwe ariko akarenga akamwirukana, Urega nta bimenyetso bidashidikanywaho abigaragariza. Avuga kandi ko ibyo kuba yari afunzwe, yabimenye ari uko Urega agarutse ku kazi akabyivugira, ariko agasanga yaramaze kumwirukana.

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Incamake y’icyemezo: Kuba umukozi afunzwe by’agateganyo n’urwego rubifitiye ububasha mu gihe kitarenze amezi atandatu, ntabashe kubimenyesha umukoresha we, ariko akabimumenyesha akimara gufungurwa, ntibifatwa nk’ikosa rikomeye ryo guta akazi, ahubwo ni impamvu yumvikana ituma amasezerano y’umurimo asubikwa by’agateganyo. Ikirego gisaba gusubirishamo urubanzaku mpamvu z’akarengane, gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko No 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, ingingo ya 55. Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 12 n’iya 111. Itegeko No 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, ingingo ya 25, 29, 32, 33 n’iya 60. Imanza zifashishijwe: RS/INJUST/RC00008/2019/SC, Gahire Athanase na Mukarushakiro Gloriose, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 12/11/2021. RS/REV/INJUST/RAD00005/2018/SC, Umujyi wa Kigali na Ndakengerwa Gasana Aimable, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 15/03/2019. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Muganga Eugénie yakoreye Hôpital La Croix du Sud kuva ku wa 01/10/2009 kugeza ku wa 24/11/2014 ubwo yirukanwaga ku kazi, akaba yari umuforomo ufite amasezerano y’igihe kitazwi. Avuga ko yaje kugira urubanza yagombaga kwitaba kuri Police, ahabwa “convocations” (hamagara) eshatu (3) ariko izo nshuro zose umukoresha we amwima uruhushya rwo kwitaba, kugeza ubwo ku wa 17/11/2014 yitabaga convocation ya kane (4), police igahita imufunga biturutse ku kuba ataritabye “convocations” 3 zabanje. [2] Asobanura ko ubuyobozi bwa Hôpital La Croix du Sud bukimara kumenya ko afunzwe, bwihutiye gusesa amasezerano y’akazi bari bafitanye, kuko nyuma y’ibyumweru bibiri (2) yafunguwe, agasanga iwe mu rugo ibaruwa yo ku wa 24/11/2014 isesa ayo masezerano ku mpamvu y’uko ngo yataye akazi, nyamara ataragataye kuko icyo gihe yakimaze afunzwe ndetse n’umukoresha we abizi, ariyo mpamvu yaregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge asaba indishyi zitandukanye zituruka kuri iryo yirukanwa. [3] Hôpital La Croix du Sud yireguye ivuga ko Muganga Eugénie atirukanwe binyuranyije n’amategeko, kuko yirukanwe biturutse ku ikosa rikomeye ryo guta akazi, cyane ko ubwo yirukanwaga Hôpital La Croix du Sud itari izi ko afunzwe. [4] Mu rubanza RSOC00318/2017/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 25/05/2018, urwo Rukiko, rushingiye ku ngingo ya 29, iya 32 n’iya 33 z’Itegeko No 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda (itegeko ryariho ubwo Muganga Eugénie yirukanwaga), n’iya 12 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, rwemeje ko ikirego cya Muganga Eugénie gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe, ko Hôpital La Croix Du Sud iha Muganga Eugénie 2.326.780Frw akubiyemo indishyi zitandukanye, kandi ikamusubiza 50.000Frw y’ingwate y’igarama.

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[5] Hôpital La Croix du Sud yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, ivuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwemeje ko Muganga Eugénie yirukanwe binyuranyije n’amategeko, kuko yirukanwe ku mpamvu y’uko yataye akazi, nyamara yari afunzwe ndetse Hôpital La Croix du Sud ibizi, ariko ikarenga ikamwirukana ku kazi, ibyo rukaba rwarabishingiye ku miburanire ya Muganga Eugénie, aho yavuze ko ubwo Umuhesha w’Inkiko yageraga iwe amushyiriye inyandiko imumenyesha ikosa rikomeye yakoze ryo guta akazi n’inyandiko isesa amasezerano, umwana we yabwiye uwo muhesha w’inkiko ko nyina yafunzwe. [6] Ivuga ko mu gufata icyo cyemezo Urukiko rwirengagije ko nta kimenyetso kigaragaza ko Umuhesha w’Inkiko yabwiye Hôpital La Croix du Sud ko Muganga Eugénie afunzwe, ko rero Urukiko rutari rukwiye gushingira kuri iyo miburanire idafitiwe gihamya, ngo rwemeze ko Hôpital La Croix du Sud yirukanye Muganga Eugénie ibizi neza ko afunzwe, cyangwa ngo rwemeze ko atataye akazi, ko ahubwo rwari gushimangira imiburanirea yayo igaragaza ko Muganga Eugénie yirukanwe kubw’ikosa rikomeye ryo guta akazi, kuko yamaze iminsi irenga ibiri (2) atagera ku kazi kandi batazi aho ari, mu gihe amabwiriza ya Hôpital La Croix du Sud ateganya ko kumara iminsi ibiri utagera ku kazi kandi nta ruhushya bifatwa nk’ikosa rikomeye. [7] Mu kwiregura kwa Muganga Eugénie, yongeye gushimangira ko Hôpital La Croix du Sud yamwirukanye izi neza ko afunzwe, kuko umwana we yabibwiye umuhesha w’inkiko. [8] Mu rubanza RSOCA00157/2018/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 26/04/2019, urwo Rukiko rushingiye ku ngingo ya 25 n’iya 60 z’Itegeko No 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 ryavuzwe, n’iya 83 agace ka b n’iya 84 agace ka b z’amategeko agenga imikorere ya Hôpital la Croix du Sud, rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Hôpital La Croix du Sud bufite ishingiro, ko imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe ihindutse kuri byose, ko Muganga Eugénie atirukanwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. Rutegeka Muganga Eugénie guha Hôpital La Croix du Sud 1.000.000Frw y’igihembo cy’avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza. [9] Muganga Eugénie yasabye ko urubanza RSOCA00157/2018/HC/KIG rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, maze mu cyemezo nimero 231/CJ/2021 cyo ku wa 30/09/2023, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yemeza ko urwo rubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, arwoherereza Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kugira ngo abe ari rwo ruzaruburanisha, ikirego cyandikwa kuri RS/INJUST/RSOC00002/2021/CA. [10] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 04/12/2024, Muganga Eugénie yunganiwe na Me Niyibizi Diogène, naho Hôpital La Croix du Sud ihagarariwe na Me Muhozi Paulin, urubanza rurapfundikirwa isomwa ryarwo rishyirwa ku wa 20/12/2024, ariko ryimurirwa ku wa 30/12/2024. [11] Mu myanzuro no mu miburanire, Muganga Eugénie n’umwunganira bavuga ko mu rubanza rusubirishwamo habayemo akarengane gashingiye ku kuba Urukiko Rukuru rwarirengagije amategeko n’ibimenyetso rukemeza ko yirukanwe ku kazi mu buryo bukurikije amategeko ngo kubera ko ubwo Hôpital La Croix du Sud yamwirukanaga ku mpamvu yo guta akazi, itari izi aho aherereye, no kuba Urukiko Rukuru rutaramuhaye indishyi yasabye zirimo izo kwirukanwa binyuranyije n’amategeko, iz’ikiruhuko cy’umwaka wa 2014 atahawe, izo kudahabwa icyemezo cy’imirimo yakoze, ndetse no kuba atarahawe indishyi z’ikurikirana rubanza n’igihembo cy’avoka. Uburanira Hôpital La Croix du Sud avuga ko nta karengane kabaye kuri Muganga Eugénie kuko yabuze ku kazi kandi nta mpamvu yamenyekanishije, Hôpital La Croix du Sud ibonye ko ataza ku kazi, ku wa 24/11/2014 ifata icyemezo cyo gusesa amasezerano bari bafitanye, kandi ko igihe yirukanwaga umukoresha we atari yarigeze amenyeshwa ko yari afunzwe, bityo ko indishyi asaba ntazo akwiye, ko ahubwo Hôpital La Croix du Sud ariyo ikwiye guhabwa indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’avoka. [12] Hashingiwe kuri izi mpaka, ibibazo Urukiko rusuzuma ni ibi bikurikira: - Kumenya niba Muganga Eugénie yarirukanwe binyuranyije n’amategeko,

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- Kumenya niba Muganga Eugénie yahabwa indishyi zitandukanye asaba zituruka ku iyirukanwa rinyuranyije n’amategeko, - Ibijyanye n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’avoka asabwa n’ababuranyi. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URU RUBANZA 1. Kumenya niba Muganga Eugénie yarirukanwe binyuranyije n’amategeko [13] Muganga Eugénie n’umwunganira bavuga ko yirukanwe binyuranije n’amategeko kuko yirukanwe ku mpamvu yo kuba yarataye akazi, nyamara ataragataye, ahubwo yari afunzwe ndetse n’umukoresha we abizi neza ko afunzwe, kuko ubwo yimwaga impushya inshuro eshatu zose zo kujya kwitaba polisi, abapolisi bambaye imyambaro y’akazi kabo baje kumureba ku kazi nk’aho yabuze, ababwira ko ari bubitabe ku munsi ukurikiraho mu gitondo nasoza akazi, maze bucyeye ku wa 17/11/2014 yitabye ahita afungwa, bivuze ko ngo umukoresha we nawe yari azi neza aho aherereye. [14] Bavuga kandi ko umukozi witwa Antoinette wari wararanye izamu na Muganga Eugénie mu ijoro ribanziriza umunsi yitabiyeho agafungwa, nawe yavuganye n’abo bapolisi bari baje kumereba ndetse ko yagiye kumusura aho yari afungiye, akamubwira ko hamaze gukorwa inama (Staff meeting) maze Hôpital La Croix du Sud ikamutuma kureba niba koko afunzwe, bityo ko yandikiwe inyandiko zimwirukana zikazanwa mu rugo iwe n’umuhesha w’inkiko nyuma y’uko Hôpital La Croix du Sud yari yaramenye neza ko ataza ku kazi kubera ko afunzwe, kandi ko umwana umuhesha w’inkiko yasanze mu rugo iwe yamubwiye ko nyina afunzwe. Bavuga ko n’ubwo nta kigaragaza ko ayo makuru uwo mwana yayabwiye umuhesha w’inkiko, ariko mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko narwo rukwiye kubona ko bigoye ko umukozi yabura ku kazi, umukoresha ntamenye amakuru cyangwa ngo ayashakishe. [15] Bakomeza bavuga ko Muganga Eugénie akimara gufungurwa, nawe ubwe yabwiye umukoresha we ko atazaga ku kazi kubera ko yari afunzwe ndetse amwereka ikibiahamya, ariko ko umukoresha atabihaye agaciro agakomeza kumufata nk’uwari warataye akazi. [16] Bavuga ariko kandi ko n’ubwo Muganga Eugénie yirukanwe kandi yari afunze, ngo no kuba ibaruwa imwirukana igaragaza ko yanditswe ku wa 21/11/2014 bigaragaza ko icyo cyemezo cyafashwe hatarashira iminsi ibiri (2) iteganyijwe n’amabwiriza ya Hôpital La Croix du Sud kugira ngo umukozi afatwe ko yataye akazi, kuko ngo iminsi yo kuva ku wa 17 kugeza ku wa 21 Ugushyingo 2014 yari ayifiteho ikiruhuko (off), bakaba ngo batumva ukuntu umukozi yafashwe nk’uwataye akazi kandi yari anafite ikiruhuko muri iyo minsi yabanjirije ifatwa ry’icyemezo cyo gusesa amasezerano ye y’akazi. Mu iburanisha, Urukiko rubajije Me Niyibizi Diogène n’uwo yunganira niba ibyo kuba Muganga Eugénie yarirukanwe ari mu kiruhuko barigeze babiburanisha muri uru rubanza mu nkiko zabanje, basubiza ko batigeze babiburanisha. [17] Uburanira Hôpital La Croix du Sud avuga ko uretse gusa kuba Muganga Eugénie avuga ko umukoresha we yari azi neza ko afunzwe ariko akarenga akamwirukana, nta bimenyetso bidashidikanywaho abigaragariza, ko n’amakuru avuga ko umwana we yabwiye umuhesha w’inkiko uyu ntayo yigeze abwira Hôpital La Croix du Sud. Avuga ko ibyo kuba yari afunzwe Hôpital La Croix du Sud yabimenye ari uko Muganga Eugénie amaze gufungurwa, agasubira ku kazi akavuga ko yari afunzwe, ariko agasanga yaramaze kwirukanwa. [18] Avuga ko ku bijyanye no kuba Muganga Eugénie yarirukanwe binyuranyije n’amategeko kuko ngo yirukanwe ari mu kiruhuko (off), adakwiye kubiburanisha bwa mbere urubanza rugeze ku rwego rwo gusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akaregane, kuko ngo haba ku rwego rw’Umuvunyi ndetse no mu Nkiko zose zabanje ntaho yigeze abigaragaza ngo bisuzumwe.

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UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA a. Ku bijyanye n’ingingo yo kuba Muganga Eugénie yarirukaniwe guta akazi mu gihe nyamara we avuga ko yari mu kiruhuko [19] Ingingo ya 55, 2o y’Itegeko No 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko iteganya impamvu zishobora gutuma urubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, harimo kuba mu icibwa ryarwo harirengagijwe amategeko cyangwa ibimenyetso bigaragarira buri wese. Ibi bivuze ko, mu gusobanura aho akarengane kabo gashingiye, ababuranyi berekana ibimenyetso cyangwa amategeko byagaragarijwe urukiko mu rubanza basaba ko rusubirishwamo rukabyirengagiza kandi byari kubagirira akamaro. Ibyo bikaba binasobanuye ko ibitaraburanyweho, ni ukuvuga ibyo umuburanyi atagaragarije umucamanza ngo amusabe kubisuzuma, adashobora kuvuga ko yabimurenganyijeho1. [20] Urukiko rurasanga mu rubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, ikibazo kijyanye no kuba Muganga Eugénie yarirukanwe ari mu kiruhuko, kitarigeze kivugwaho n’ababuranyi, ibyo kandi bikaba bishimangirwa n’imiburanire y’impande zombi muri uru Rukiko, aho Hôpital La Croix du Sud ivuga ko Muganga Eugénie iyo mpamvu atigeze ayiburanisha mu Nkiko zabanje, Muganga Eugénie n’umwunganizi we nabo bakaba ariko babyemera. Bityo rero Muganga Eugénie akaba atavuga ko yagize akarengane ku kibazo atigeze asaba Urukiko gusuzuma hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 55 yavuzwe haruguru; kubera iyo mpamvu, iyo ngingo y’akarengane ikaba nta shingiro yahabwa. b. Ku bijyanye n’ingingo yo kuba Muganga Eugénie yarirukanwe kubera guta akazi mu gihe nyamara yari afunzwe [21] Ingingo ya 25, 7o y’itegeko No 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda (itegeko ryariho ubwo Muganga Eugénie yirukanwaga) iteganya ko Amasezerano y’akazi asubikwa iyo umukozi afunzwe by’agateganyo mu gihe kitarenze amezi atandatu (6). [22] Ikibazo cyo kumenya niba umukozi yakwirukanwa kubera impamvu yo guta akazi kandi igihe umukoresha avuga ko yagatayemo yarakimaze afunzwe, ntabashe kubimenyesha umukoresha we ahubwo akabimumenyesha akimara gufungurwa, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, rushingiye ku ngingo y’Itegeko yibukijwe haruguru, rwaragisesenguye runagitangaho umurongo mu rubanza RS/REV/INJUST/RAD00005/2018/SC rwaciwe ku wa 15/03/2019, haburana Umujyi wa Kigali na Ndakengerwa Gasana Aimable, cyane cyane aho mu gika cya 24 cy’urwo rubanza Urukiko rwasanze igihe cy’iminsi irindwi Ndakengerwa Gasana Aimable yabuze ku kazi (kuva ku wa 04/09/2015 kugera ku wa 11/09/2015) gihura n’igihe yamaze afunzwe n’Urwego rwa Polisi, kandi akaba yarahise abimenyesha ubuyobozi bumukuriye akimara kurekurwa, maze bituma rwanzura ko ikosa ryo guta akazi riri mu yo yari yirukaniwe ritamuhama, “kuko atari kubasha kujya ku kazi kandi afunzwe n’urwego rubifitiye ububasha”. [23] Dosiye igaragaza inyandikomvugo yo ku wa 17/11/2014 igaragaza ko guhera uwo munsi Muganga Eugénie yafungiwe kuri Police ya Remera, ibaruwa ya Hôpital La Croix du Sud yo ku wa 21/11/2014 igaragaza ko Muganga Eugénie yakoze ikosa rikomeye ryo guta akazi kuva ku wa 17/11/2014, ari naryo yirukaniwe ibaruwa ibimumenyesha umuhesha w’inkiko akayigeza mu rugo rwe adahari ku wa 24/11/2014. [24] Mu rubanza RSOCA00157/2018/HC/KIG rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze Hôpital La Croix du Sud idahakana ko mu gihe cyose Muganga Eugénie yabuze ku kazi yari afunzwe, ariko ko ikibazo ari uko yafashe icyemezo cyo gusesa amasezerano bari bafitanye itaramenyeshwa ko yari afunzwe, bityo mu gika cya 12 cy’urwo rubanza, Urukiko Rukuru rushingiye ku kuba Muganga Eugénie atagaragaza ikimenyetso cy’uko mu gihe yari afunzwe yamenyesheje umukoresha

1Ibyo byasobanuwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC00008/2019/SC waciwe ku wa 12/11/2021, haburana Gahire Athanase na Mukarushakiro Gloriose.

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we ko impamvu yatumaga ataza ku kazi ari uko yari afunzwe, cyangwa se ikigaragaza ko atashoboraga kubona uwo atuma kubimenyesha umukoresha we, rwanzura ko umukoresha we yamwirukanye bikurikije amategeko kuko yamwirukanye ataramenyeshwa ko afunzwe. [25] Urukiko rurasanga, hatitawe ku buryo butandukanye bugibwaho impaka Muganga Eugénie avuga ko umukoresha we yaba yarabimenyeshejwe mu gihe yari agifunzwe, hakarebwa gusa kuba impamde zombi zemeranwa ko akimara gufungurwa Muganga Eugénie yahise ajya ku kazi akamenyesha umukoresha we ko yari yarabuze ku kazi kubera ko yari afunzwe, ibyabaye kuri Muganga Eugénie bisa neza neza nk’ibyabaye kuri Ndakengerwa Gasana Aimable mu rubanza rwavuzwe haruguru yaburanyemo n’Umujyi wa Kigali. [26] Urukiko rurasanga, kimwe no kuri Ndakengerwa Gasana Aimable, ikitagibwaho impaka ari uko igihe bivugwa ko Muganga Eugénie yataye akazi yakimaze afunzwe, ko kandi amaze gufungurwa yabimenyesheje umukoresha we Hôpital la Croix du Sud. Bityo nk’uko Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rutahamije Ndakengerwa Gasana Aimable ikosa yari yarirukaniwe n’umukoresha we ryo guta akazi mu gihe kingana n’icyo yamaze afunzwe kuko rwasanze gufungwa kwe ari impamvu itari gutuma abasha kumenyesha umukoresha we ibyamubayeho byo gufungwa, Urukiko rurasanga no ku bireba Muganga Eugénie muri uru rubanza Urukiko Rukuru rutaragombaga kumuhamya ikosa rikomeye ryo guta akazi yirukaniwe mu gihe nawe kutaboneka ku kazi kwe byatewe no kuba yari afunzwe, akabasha kubyimenyeshereza umukozi we ari uko amaze gufungurwa. [27] Urukiko rurasanga n’ubwo Hôpital La Croix du Sud ivuga ko yirukanye Muganga Eugénie itaramenya ko afunzwe, n’Urukiko Rukuru rukabishingiraho rwemeza ko yirukanwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko kubera guta akazi, ubwo yamaraga kumenyesha umukoresha we ko yari afunzwe by’agateganyo hari ibyaha akurikiranweho n’urwego rubifitiye ububasha, iyi kandi ikaba ari impamvu y’isubikwa ry’amasezerano y’akazi nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo y’itegeko yibukijwe haruguru, ntabwo uyu mukoresha yari akwiye gukomeza kumufata nk’aho yataye akazi kandi yari amaze kumenya ko yari afunzwe. Bityo rero kuba yarakomeje kumufata muri ubwo buryo, aho gukurikiza amategeko akurikizwa iyo umuntu yari afunzwe muri ubwo buryo, ahubwo igakomeza gutsimbaraba ku cyemezo yafashe cyo kumwirukana kubw’ikosa rikomeye ryo guta akazi, Urukiko rurasanga bigaragara ko Muganga Eugénie yirukanwe binyuranije n’amategeko hashingiwe ku murongo wavuzwe haruguru watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku kibazo gisa n’iki, bityo aka kakaba ari akarengane kabaye mu rubanza rusubirishwamo. 2. Kumenya niba Muganga Eugénie yahabwa indishyi zitandukanye asaba zituruka ku iyirukanwa rinyuranyije n’amategeko [28] Uburanira Muganga Eugénie avuga ko, kuba uyu yarirukanwe binyuranyije n’amategeko abisabira indishyi zingana n’umushahara we w’amezi atandatu (6), agasobanura ko yahembwaga 285.000Frw buri kwezi, bivuze ko indishyi asaba zingana na 1.710.000Frw (285.000Frw x 6 mois). [29] Avuga kandi ko umwaka wa 2014 Muganga Eugénie yirukanwemo atigeze ahabwa ikiruhuko kijyanye nawo yemererwa n’amategeko, bityo ko abisabira indishyi zingana n’umushara we w’ukwezi kumwe wa 285.000Frw. Asobanura ko n’ubwo Hôpital La Croix du Sud yashyize muri dosiye inyandiko ya “decompte final” ndetse na “Cheque” bigamije kugaragaza ko ayo mafanga yayahawe, iyo cheque Muganga Eugénie ntayo yigeze ashyikirizwa, ndetse n’ayo mafaranga akaba ntayo yabonye kuri compte ye, ko Hôpital La Croix du Sud ikwiye kugaragaza ikimenyetso gihamya ko ayo mafaranga yaba yaramugezeho koko, ko baramutse bagaragaje nka historique ya Bank aho ayo mafaranga yaba yaravuye kuri Hôpital La Croix du Sud agahabwa Muganga Eugénie byakwemerwa hatiriwe habaho ipfundurwa ry’urubanza rigamije kuvuga kuri icyo kimenyetso. [30] Mu myanzuro ye kandi uburanira Muganga Eugénie yavugaga ko anasaba indishyi zo kuba atarahawe na Hôpital La Croix du Sud icyemezo cy’imirimo yakoze.

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[31] Uburanira Hôpital la Croix du Sud, avuga ko indishyi zo kwirukanwa binyuranije n’amategeko, nta nshingiro zifite, kuko Muganga Eugénie yirukanwe kubw’ikosa rikomeye yakoze ryo guta akazi. [32] Avuga ko indishyi zijyanye n’ikiruhuko cy’umwaka wa 2014 nta nshingiro zifite, kuko Muganga Eugénie yazihawe nk’uko bigaragara muri decompte final ye ndetse na sheki yishyuwe biri muri dosiye muri IECMS. Yongeraho ko ku bijyanye n’ayo mafaranga yumvaga nta kibazo kigihari kuko mu nkiko zabanje Muganga Eugénie atigeze aburana agaragaza ko atayahawe. [33] Akavuga ko ibirebana n’indishyi zo kudahabwa icyemezo cy’imirimo yakoze ari ingingo nshya itagomba gusuzumwa bwa mbere mu rubanza ku rwego rwo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA a. Ku bijyanye n’indishyi zo kwirukanwa binyuranije n’amategeko [34] Ingingo ya 33 y’Itegeko No 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 ryavuzwe haruguru iteganya ibikurikira: iseswa ryose ry’amasezerano y’akazi rinyuranyije n’amategeko rishobora gutuma hatangwa indishyi z'akababaro. Indishyi z’akababaro zihabwa umukozi wirukanwe binyuranije n’amategeko ntizishobora kujya munsi y’umushahara w’amezi atatu (3), ariko kandi ntizishobora kurenza amezi atandatu (6). [35] Urukiko rurasanga indishyi zo kwirukanwa binyuranyije n’amategeko Muganga Eugénie asaba akwiye kuzihabwa nk’uko yazisabye, bivuze ko akwiye indishyi zingana na 285.000Frw x 6 mois = 1.710.000Frw, hashingiwe ku ngingo y’Itegeko yibukijwe haruguru kandi yanashingiweho n’uru Rukiko mu zindi manza nyinshi zisa nk’uru, ingano y’indishyi zasabwe ikaba ikwiye ku mukozi wirukanwe mu kazi yari amazemo imyaka igera kuri itanu (5). b. Ku bijyanye n’indishyi nsimburakiruhuko cy’umwaka wa 2014 [36] Nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru, ingingo ya 55, 2o y’Itegeko No 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko iteganya ko mu gusobanura aho akarengane kabo gashingiye, ababuranyi berekana ibimenyetso cyangwa amategeko byagaragarijwe urukiko mu rubanza basaba ko rusubirishwamo rukabyirengagiza kandi byari kubagirira akamaro. Ibyo bikaba binasobanuye ko ibitaraburanyweho, ni ukuvuga ibyo umuburanyi atagaragarije umucamanza ngo amusabe kubisuzuma, adashobora kuvuga ko yabimurenganyijeho. [37] Dosiye igaragaza ko mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, Muganga Eugénie yasabye guhabwa indishyi zitandukanye zituruka ku kwirukanwa binyuranije n’amategeko, muri izo ndishyi hakaba harimo n’iz’ikiruhuko atahawe mu mwaka wa 2014. Urukiko Rwisumbuye, rushingiye ku kuba muri dosiye harimo “decompte final” ndetse na “cheque” bigaragaza ko Muganga Eugénie yahawe ayo mafaranga, rwemeje ko yayahawe adakwiye kongera kuyahabwa. [38] Dosiye igaragaza ko ubwo Hôpital la Croix du Sud yajuririraga urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru isaba ko rwahinduka ngo kuko Muganga Eugénie yirukanwe bikurukije amategeko, Muganga Eugénie yireguje ko ubwo bujurire nta shingiro bufite, maze anatanga ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi asaba gusa kugenerwa indishyi z’igihembo cy’avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza, asoza asaba Urukiko Rukuru kwemeza ko urubanza rwajuririwe ruhindutse gusa ku gihembo cy'abavoka n’ikurikiranarubanza. [39] Urukiko rushingiye ku bimaze kugaragazwa haruguru biri muri dosiye, rurasanga Urukiko Rwisumbuye mu kwemeza ko Muganga Eugénie adakwiye guhabwa indishyi zisimbura ikiruhuko cy’umwaka wa 2014, rwarashingiye ku kuba rwarasanze muri dosiye harimo ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko ayo mafaranga yayahawe, ibyo bimenyetso bikaba bigizwe na “decompte final” ndetse na “cheque”.

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[40] Urukiko rurasanga Muganga Eugénie atarigeze ajuririra icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru ngo agaragaze ko ayo mafaranga atageze kuri konti ye cyangwa ngo agaragaze ko iyo cheque ntayo yahawe, ahubwo yasabye ko icyemezo cy’Urukiko Rwisumbuye cyahinduka gusa ku bijyanye n’igihembo y’avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza; bityo rero Urukiko rukaba rusanga ibyo atasabye Urukiko rwaciye urubanza rurimo gusibirishwamo ngo rusuzume, adakwiye kubifata ko yabirenganyijweho ngo byemererwe gusuzumwa kuri uru rwego. b. Ku bijyanye n’indishyi zikomoka ku kudahabwa icyemezo cy’imirimo [41] Ku birebana n’izi ndishyi z’icyemezo cy’imirimo Muganga Eugénie avuga ko atahawe, Urukiko rurasanga mu iburanisha impande zombi zaremeranyijwe n’Urukiko ko iyo ngingo itigeze igibwaho impaka mu nkiko zabanjye kuko Muganga Eugénie atigeze ayiregera, hemeranwa ko ko iyo ngingo itirirwa isuzumwa kuri uru rwego. 3. Ibijyanye n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’ibihembo bya Avoka asabwa n’ababuranyi [42] Muganga Eugénie n’umwunganira bavuga ko yashowe mu manza kubw’amaherere, akaba asaba 1.500.000Frw y’igihembo cy’avoka ku nzego zose, na 200.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza. [43] Uburanira Hôpital La Croix du Sud yiregura avuga ko Muganga Eugénie ariwe wishoye mu manza, kandi azi neza ko yirukanwe bikurikije amategeko, ko rero indishyi asaba atazihabwa, agasaba ahubwo ko Muganga Eugénie ari we wishyura 1.500.000Frw y’igihembo cy’Avoka na 200.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza, yiyongera ku ndishyi zagenwe mu Rukiko Rukuru. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [44] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ibikurikira: ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafarangay’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe. [45] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka Muganga Eugénie asaba ayakwiye, kuko uru rubanza rwatumye yiyambaza Avoka wo kumuburanira kuri uru rwego no ku nzego ebyiri zabanje, rurasanga kandi 1.500.000Frw y’igihembo cya avoka asaba ku nzego eshatu akwiye, habazwe 500.000Frw kuri buri rwego, ndetse na 200.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza kuri izo nzego zose eshatu akaba akwiye. [46] Ku byerekeye amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya avoka asabwa na Hôpital La Croix du Sud, Urukiko rurasanga nta shingiro afite kuko Hôpital La Croix du Sud itsindwa urubanza ku kiburanwa cy’iremezo. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [47] Rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Muganga Eugénie gisaba gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z'akarengane urubanza RSOCA00157/2018/HC/KIG rwaciwe n'Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 26/04/2019 gifite inshingiro kuri bimwe. [48] Rwemeje ko Hôpital La Croix du Sud yirukanye mu kazi Muganga Eugénie binyuranyije n’amategeko.

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[49] Rutegetse Hôpital La Croix du Sud kwishyura Muganga Eugénie amafaranga yose hamwe miliyoni eshatu n’ibihumbi magana ane na cumi (3.410.000Frw), akubiyemo 1.710.000 y’indishyi kubera kwirukanwa binyuranyije n’amategeko, 1.500.000Frw y’igihembo cya avoka na 200.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza ku nzego zose.