MUGENI v INGABIRE N’ABANDI

# MUGENI v INGABIRE N’ABANDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2022-12-14 - Case/document no.: RCOMA 00010/2022/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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MUGENI v INGABIRE N’ABANDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RCOMA 00010/2022/CA (Mukandamage, PJ.) 14 Ukuboza 2022] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’ubucuruzi – Urubanza rukosora urundi – ibishingirwaho - Iyo amakosa asabwa gukosorwa mu rubanza nyuma y’uko ruciwe, ibyo umuburanyi ashingiraho bitandukanye n’ibyo yagaragarije inkiko mbere, byemewe byaba ari uguhindura icyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko hafatwa icyemezo gishya, bikaba bitakwitwa gukosora amakosa y’imyandikire. Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’ubucuruzi – Gukosora urubanza - Kuba urubanza rukosora urundi hari uwo rubangamiye si impamvu yashingirwaho ngo urubanza rube rutakosorwa. Incamake y’ikibazo: INGABIRE Aliane yatanze ikirego gisaba gukosora amakosa yagaragaye mu rubanza, maze Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeza ko ikirego yatanze gifite ishingiro, ko muri urwo rubanza ahanditse ko umutungo ufite n° UPI 1/02/09/02/2454 hakosowe, hakandikwa n° UPI 1/02/09/02/2453, ko urubanza n° RS/RECT/RCOM 00023/2022/HCC rwuzuza urubanza n° RCOMA 00404/2022/HCC & RCOMA 00405/2022/HCC. Aho amenyeye imikirize y’urwo rubanza, MUGENI Josiane yararutambamiye avuga ko atigeze amenya iby’izo manza mbere ngo abe yazigobokamo mu gihe yabona zishobora kumwambura umutungo yaguze mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, ko rero yasanze uwo mutungo we waravuzweho mu rubanza rukosora urundi, kandi utarigeze uburanwaho na rimwe, bituma arenganwa n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’ubucuruzi rwawumwambuye ku maherere, kubera ko INGABIRE Aliane yarubeshye akarugusha mu makosa kuko yiyemerera ko mu gutanga ikirego habayemo kwibeshya, ko rero ibyo byari bihagije kugira ngo ikirego yatanze cyo gukosoza urubanza kitakirwa. Urukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ikirego cye nta shingiro gifite, ko nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza rukosora, maze ajuririra Urukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwakosoye urubanza rwirengagije ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 140 y’Itegeko nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza n’umurongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza n° RCAA 00020/2017/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 08/06/2018 kuko rwakosoye amakosa yakozwe n’umuburanyi rukayagira ayarwo, kandi ntaho byabaye, kuko urukiko rukosora gusa amakosa y’imyandikire, nabwo yakozwe n’urukiko, bitari uko umuburanyi aba yayakoze akanabyiyemerera. INGABIRE Aliane avuga ko impamvu y'ubujurire bwa MUGENI Josiane nta shingiro ifite, kuko mu guca urubanza Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, mu bika bya 32 kugeza kuri 35 by’urubanza rujuririrwa, rwagaragaje impamvu rwakosoye amakosa yakozwe n'Umuburanyi. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Amakosa akosorwa ni ayakozwe n’umucamanza si ayakozwe n’umuburanyi. Hashobora ariko kubaho irengayobora nk’igihe umucamanza yasubiye mu makosa yakozwe n’umuburanyi kandi yashoboraga kuyabona iyo agenzura neza. Bityo, kuba mu kuburanisha, umucamanza yaragombaga kubona amakosa, ariko ntayabone, agakomeza kuyagenderaho, ayo makosa yabaye aye, akaba ariyo mpamvu yagombaga gukosorwa nk’uko byemejwe mu manza.

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2. Iyo amakosa asabwa gukosora urubanza nyuma y’uko ruciwe, ibyo umuburanyi ashingiraho bitandukanye n’ibyo yagaragarije inkiko mbere, byemewe byaba ari uguhindura icyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko hafatwa icyemezo gishya, bikaba bitakwitwa gukosora amakosa y’imyandikire. Bityo, kuba Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwarakosoye ikosa riri mu myandikire ya nomero y’umutungo nk’uko byari byasabwe na INGABIRE Aliane nta kosa ryabaye, kubera ko, nk’uko rwabibonye mu rubanza rujuririrwa, n’umucamanza yashoboraga kubona iryo kosa ashingiye ku bimenyetso byatanzwe bigaragaza nomero y’umutungo watejwe cyamunara na ba nyirawo kandi nta yindi nomero ufite uretse UPI:1/02/09/02/2453 yatangiwe ibimenyetso mu rukiko. 3. Kuba urubanza rukosora urundi hari uwo rubangamiye si impamvu yashingirwaho ngo urubanza rube rutakosorwa. Bityo, kuba urwo rubanza rukosora urundi rubangamiye MUGENI Josiane kuko umutungo wamaze kumwandikwaho, bitaba impamvu yashingirwaho ngo urubanza rube rutakosorwa, cyane cyane ko uwo mutungo avuga ko ari uwe awukomora ku cyamunara. Ubujurire bwatanzwe nta shingiro bufite. Urubanza rwajuririwe ntiruhindutse. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 111 na 140. Imanza zashingiweho: Urubanza nº RS/RECT/RC 00003/2021/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 18/02/2022, haburana MUSEFANO Juvens. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] INGABIRE Aliane yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi arega ugurisha ingwate witwa MUKAKIMENYI Joséline na Atlantique Microfinance Plc, asaba ko cyamunara yakozwe ku wa 23/04/2022 ku mutungo n° UPI: 1/02/09/02/2454 afatanyije na BIZIYARENYE David yateshwa agaciro, kuko hari amakosa yakozwe mu kugurisha iyo ngwate. [2] Mu rubanza n° RCOM 00765/2022/TC rwaciwe ku wa 02/06/2022, Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeje ko cyamunara yakozwe ku wa 23/04/2022 ku mutungo n° UPI:1/02/09/02/2454 n’ugurisha ingwate MUKAKIMENYI Joséline iteshejwe agaciro, rutegeka MUKAKIMENYI Joséline kwishyura INGABIRE Aliane 620.000 Frw y’ibyagiye ku rubanza. [3] Atlantique Microfinance Plc na MUKAKIMENYI Joséline bajuririye Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, Atlantique Microfinance Plc isaba gusuzuma niba hari icyo yagombaga kubazwa mu bijyanye n'imanza zo gutesha agaciro cyamunara yabaye n’icyo amategeko abivugaho n’ibijyanye n’indishyi zingana na 3.000.000 Frw yari yasabye ku rwego rwa mbere zitatanzwe, naho MUKAKIMENYI Joséline anenga ko urukiko rwemeje ko cyamunara iseswa rushingiye ku

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mpamvu y’uko uwashinzwe kugurisha ingwate atarindiriye ko habaho cyamunara ya 3, ko n’indishyi zatanzwe zitari zikwiye. INGABIRE Aliane yatanze inzitizi yo kutakira ubujurire kuko bwatanzwe ibihe byararenze. [4] Mu rubanza n° RCOMA 00404/2022/HCC & RCOMA 00405/2022/HCC rwaciwe ku wa 12/07/2022, Urukiko rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa MUKAKIMENYI Joséline butakiriwe, ko ubwa Atlantique Microfinance Plc nta shingiro bufite, ko nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza n° RCOM 00765/2022/TC rwajuririwe, rutegeka MUKAKIMENYI Joséline kwishyura INGABIRE Aliane 500.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka, ko amagarama yatanzwe n’abajuriye aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta. [5] INGABIRE Aliane yatanze ikirego gisaba gukosora amakosa yagaragaye mu rubanza n° RCOMA 00404/2022/HCC & RCOMA 00405/2022/HCC, maze mu rubanza n° RS/RECT/RCOM 00023/2022/HCC Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeza ko ikirego yatanze gifite ishingiro, ko muri urwo rubanza ahanditse ko umutungo ufite n° UPI 1/02/09/02/2454 hakosowe, hakandikwa n° UPI 1/02/09/02/2453, ko urubanza n° RS/RECT/RCOM 00023/2022/HCC rwuzuza urubanza n° RCOMA 00404/2022/HCC & RCOMA 00405/2022/HCC. [6] Aho amenyeye imikirize y’urwo rubanza, MUGENI Josiane yararutambamiye avuga ko atigeze amenya iby’izo manza mbere ngo abe yazigobokamo mu gihe yabona zishobora kumwambura umutungo yaguze mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, ko rero yasanze uwo mutungo we waravuzweho mu rubanza rukosora urundi, kandi utarigeze uburanwaho na rimwe, bituma arenganwa n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’ubucuruzi rwawumwambuye ku maherere, kubera ko INGABIRE Aliane yarubeshye akarugusha mu makosa kuko yiyemerera ko mu gutanga ikirego habayemo kwibeshya, ko rero ibyo byari bihagije kugira ngo ikirego yatanze cyo gukosoza urubanza kitakirwa, ko kandi kitagombaga guhabwa ishingiro kubera ko nta kosa urwo Rukiko rwari rwakoze mu rubanza rwasabirwaga gukosorwa, maze asaba ko urukanza n° RS/RECT/RCOM 00023/2022/HCC rukosora urundi rwavanwaho, agahabwa n’amafaranga y’ibyatanzwe ku rubanza. [7] Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwaciye urubanza n° RCOM 00041/2022/HCC ku wa 12/10/2022 rwemeza ko ikirego cya MUGENI Josiane nta shingiro gifite, ko nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza n° RS/RECT/RCOM 00023/2022/HCC rukosora urubanza n° RCOMA 00404/2022/HCC & CMB RCOMA 00405/2022/HCC, rumutegeka kwishyura INGABIRE Aliane 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka, naho 40.000 Frw y’amagarama yishyuye arega aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta. [8] MUGENI Josiane yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwakosoye urubanza rwirengagije ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 140 y’Itegeko nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi (CPCCSA), n’umurongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza n° RCAA 00020/2017/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 08/06/2018. MUKAKIMENYI Joséline na Atlantique Microfinance Plc nabo niko babibona. [9] INGABIRE Aliane we avuga ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na MUGENI Josiane nta shingiro bufite, kuko urwo Rukiko rwakosoye urubanza mu buryo bukurikije amategeko.

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[10] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 08/12/2022, MUGENI Josiane ahagarariwe na Me KAYITERA Canisius, INGABIRE Aliane ahagarariwe na Me NZABIHIMANA Jean Claude, MUKAKIMENYI Joséline yunganiwe na Me NGARAMBE Luc Martin, naho Atlantique Microfinance Plc ihagarariwe na Me Jean Paul MANIRAFASHA, iburanisha rirangiye bamenyeshwa ko urubanza ruzasomwa ku wa 14/12/2022, akaba ari wo munsi rusomwe. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URU RUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO

a. Kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwaragombaga kuvanaho urubanza n° RS/RECT/RCOM 00023/2022/HCC rukosora urubanza n° RCOMA 00404/2022/HCC & CMB RCOMA 00405/2022/HCC kuko rwaciwe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko [11] Uhagarariye MUGENI Josiane avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwirengagije ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 140 y’Itegeko nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi (CPCCSA), kuko rwakosoye amakosa yakozwe n’umuburanyi rukayagira ayarwo, kandi ntaho byabaye, kuko urukiko rukosora gusa amakosa y’imyandikire, nabwo yakozwe n’urukiko, bitari uko umuburanyi aba yayakoze akanabyiyemerera. [12] Avuga ko ibyo umucamanza yaba yaragendeyeho byose, yari agamije kwambura MUGENI Josiane umutungo we ku maherere, cyane cyane ko atigeze aburanisha mu mizi urubanza rwari rwajuririwe, kubera ko ubujurire butakiriwe, akaba rero atari gukosora urubanza atigeze ajya mu mizi yarwo, ko rero atari kuvogera umutungo we awugabiza abandi, mu gihe yawuguze mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko nta buryarya. [13] Avuga kandi ko ibimenyetso byose MUGENI Josiane yagaragaje by’uko umutungo umwanditseho bitahawe agaciro n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, agasaba ko Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwabisuzuma, maze rukemeza ko urubanza rujuririrwa ruhindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose. [14] Uhagarariye Atlantique Microfinance Plc n’uhagarariye MUKAKIMENYI Joselyne bavuga ko urubanza nº RCOM 00041/2022/HCC rujuririrwa, rwari urubanza rutambamira urubanza nº RS/RECT/RCOM 00023/2022/HCC rukomoka ku kirego cyasabaga gukosoza urubanza nº RCOMA 00404/2022/HCC & CMB RCOMA 00405/2022/HCC, izi manza zose uko ari eshatu (3) zikaba zaraciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, zicibwa n’umucamanza umwe, ko ababuranyi batunguwe no kubona umucamanza waciye urubanza rukosora urundi ari we ugize inteko iburanisha itambamira ry’urubanza yaciye, bituma Atlantique Microfinance Ltd isaba uwo mucamanza kwivana mu rubanza kuko yarufashemo icyemezo, mu buryo bwo gutanga ubutabera hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 104 CPCCSA, ko ariko igitangaje ari uko yakomeje kugumamo mu rubanza, bikaba rero byari bigoye ko yivuguruza ku cyemezo yafashe. [15] Bakomeza bavuga ko ingingo ya 140 y’Itegeko n° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko urubanza rukosora urundi rukosora amakosa y’imyandikire, ko mu guca urubanza n° RS/RECT/RCOM 00023/2022/HCC umucamanza yashyizeho irengayobora,

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maze ntiyakosora amakosa y’imyandikire, ahubwo ahindura icyemezo cy’Urukiko, avuga ko ashingiye kuri jurisprudence y’urubanza nº RS/RECT/RC 00003/2021/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 18/02/2022 haburana MUSEFANO Juvens, kandi ivuguruza icyemezo yafashe mu urwo rubanza nº RS/RECT/RCOM 00023/2022/HCC, akosora urubanza RCOMA 00404/2022/HCC & CMB RCOMA 00405/2022/HCC, anahindura icyari cyaregewe cyaburanweho kuva mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi kugeza mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi. [16] Uhagarariye Atlantique Microfinance Plc n’uhagarariye MUKAKIMENYI Joselyne bavuga ko urubanza nº RS/RECT/RC 00003/2021/SC rwavuzwe haruguru rwashingiweho rusa neza n’urubanza RS/RECT/RCOM 00023/2022/HCC rwajuririwe, ko ariko ibyemezo byazifashwemo bihabanye. Basobanura ko mu rubanza nº RS/RECT/RC 00003/2021/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ikirego cyasabaga gukosora urubanza nº RCAA 00020/2017/SC rwaciwe n’urwo Rukiko ku wa 08/06/2018, aho MUSEFANO Juvens yasabaga rwakosora muri urwo rubanza ahanditse nomero y’ikibanza ifite 969, kuko nyuma y’uko urubanza ruciwe yaje gusanga yaribeshye mu gihe yatangaga ikirego, ko nomero y’ikibanza yagombaga kuba yararegeye ari n° 968, maze agaragaza ibaruwa y’Akarere ka Rulindo ndetse n’izindi nyandiko zako zigaragaza ko nomero y’ikibanza y’ukuri ari 968, maze mu guca urubanza Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ruvuga ko rutashingira kuri izo nyandiko, kuko zitandukanye n’ibyo MUSEFANO Juvens yagaragarije inkiko mbere arega, kuko yaregeraga ikibanza nomero 969, bityo ko ruramutse rubihinduye byaba ari uguhindura icyemezo cyari cyafashwe n’Urukiko hafatwa icyemezo gishya ku mutungo utaraburanweho, bikaba bitakwitwa gukosora amakosa y’imyandikire. [17] Ku bijyanye n’uru rubanza rujuririrwa, bavuga ko MUGENI Josiane yari yatambamiye urubanza rwakosowe, muri izo manza zose INGABIRE Aliane akaba yari yaratanze ikirego cyo gusaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara ku mutungo ufite UPI: 1/02/09/02/2454 kuva ku rwego rwa mbere, imanza zimaze kurangira asaba gukosoza urubanza avuga ko yibeshye igihe yatangaga ikirego ko cyamunara yasabaga gutesha agaciro yabaye ku mutungo ufite UPI: 1/02/09/02/2453, ibi akaba aribyo Umucamanza yaje kwemera arabihindura, maze abyita gukosora, bituma bigira ingaruka kuri MUGENI Josiane wari ufite UPI: 1/02/09/02/2453, ibyo rero akaba aribyo yise ko yashyizeho irengayobora ashingiye kuri jurisprudence y’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, mu gihe nyamara Urukiko rw’ikirenga rwanze gukosora iriya numero y’ibibanza 969 ikaba 968, kuko byaba ari ugufata icyemezo gishya ku mutungo utaraburanweho. Basanga rero icyemezo umucamanza yafashe kinyuranyije n’itegeko ndetse n’icyemezo cy’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga cyavuzwe haruguru. [18] Uhagarariye INGABIRE Aliane avuga ko impamvu y'ubujurire bwa MUGENI Josiane nta shingiro ifite, kuko mu guca urubanza Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, mu bika bya 32 kugeza kuri 35 by’urubanza rujuririrwa, rwagaragaje impamvu rwakosoye amakosa yakozwe n'Umuburanyi aho rwagize ruti: "Urukiko rusanga ibivugwa n’ababuranira MUGENI Josiane, Atlantique Microfinance n’ibivugwa na MUKAKIMENYI Joséline ko urukiko rutagombaga gukosora urubanza RCOMA 00404/2022/HCC & CMB RCOMA 00405/2022 rwaciwe ku wa 12/07/2022, ngo ahari handitse ko umutungo wari watejwe mu cyamunara cyaje guteshwa agaciro ari UPI:1/02/09/02/2453 aho kuba UPI:1/02/09/02/2454 , na cyane ko mu kubikora rwarenze kw’itegeko kuko iryo kosa ryo kwandika UPI itariyo ryakozwe n’umuburanyi ariwe INGABIRE Aliane, ko kandi kuba byarakosowe bibangamiye MUGENI Josiane waguze uwo mutungo ndetse wamaze no kuwandikwaho, bitahabwa ishingiro kuko nk’uko byasobanuwe n’urukiko mu rubanza RS/RECT/RCOM 00023/2022/HCC guhera mu gika cya 6 kugeza ku cya 11 ko koko rwemera narwo ko ingingo ya 140, igika cya mbere, CPCCSA iteganya ko amakosa akosorwa mu rubanza

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ari ay’imyandikire gusa, ariko ko rwagaragaje ko iyo bibaye ngombwa habaho irengayobora kuri iri tegeko, nk’aho rwashingiye kubyemejwe n’abahanga mu mategeko basobanura ibyemejwe n’Urukiko Rusesa Imanza rwo mu Bufaransa, aho rusobanura ko umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire yakoze imibare ahereye ku byo yari yashyikirijwe n’ababuranyi, ku buryo akurikije ibyo yari afite, nta kosa ry’imyandikire yakoze, ko icyakora, inkiko zagiye zemera ko habaho irengayobora nk’igihe umucamanza yasubiye mu makosa yakozwe n’umuburanyi kandi byari gushoboka ko ayabona akayakosora iyo agenzura neza, ko iyo asubiye muri ayo makosa, ayo makosa aba ay’umucamanza ku buryo agomba gukosorwa”. [19] Avuga ko uwo murongo ari nawo wafashwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza nº RS/RECT/RC 00003/2021/SC rwaciwe ku wa 18 Gashyantare 2022 narwo rwashingiye ku nyandiko y’abahanga imaze kuvugwa haruguru, rwemeza ko iyo umucamanza yasubiye mu makosa yakozwe n’umuburanyi kandi byari gushoboka ko ayabona akayakosora iyo agenzura neza, hagomba kubaho irengayobora ayo makosa agakosorwa. [20] Avuga na none ko mu gika cya 33 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwavuze ko: "rusanga kuba ibimenyetso byashingiweho mu kuburanisha urubanza rwo gutesha agaciro cyamunara yakozwe kuva ku rwego rwa mbere kugeza mu bujurire, ari ibigaragaza ko umutungo uburanwa ari UPI:1/02/09/02/2453 nk’uko bigaragazwa na raporo ya cyamunara yabaye ku wa 23/04/2022 ikarangira ku wa 25/04/2022 igaragaza ko umutungo watejwe cyamunara ari ufite UPI:1/02/09/02/2453 watanzweho ingwate na INGABIRE Aliane muri Atlantique Microfinance Rwanda Plc; expertise y’inzu yakozwe na ECHECO Ltd igaragaza ko yakorewe k’umutungo UPI:1/02/09/02/2453. (...), maze rugaragaza ko nta makosa yakozwe ku buryo byakwambura INGABIRE Aliane uburenganzira bwe”, rusoza ruvuga ko ikirego cy'uwatambamiye nta shingiro gifite, maze runamutegeka indishyi. [21] Yanzura avuga ko MUGENI Josiane watambamiye urubaza yajuriye mu Rukiko rw'Ubujurire, ariko ko ikirego cye nta shingiro gifite, kuko urukiko rwaciye urubanza rwisunze ibiteganywa n'ingingo ya 9, igika cya mbere n’icya kabiri, y’Itegeko n° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ko rero urubanza yajuririye rugomba kugumaho mu ngingo zarwo zose. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [22] Ubujurire bwatanzwe na MUGENI Josiane bugamije kugaragaza ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeje ko urubanza nº RS/RECT/RCOM 00023/2022/HCC rwaciwe ku wa 23/08/2022 rukosora urubanza nº RCOMA 00404/2022/HCC & CMB RCOMA 00405/2022/HCC rwaciwe ku wa 12/07/2022 rutagomba kuvanwaho nk’uko yari yabiregeye atambamira urwo rubanza, kandi atari byo, kubera ko urwo Rukiko rwakosoye urubanza nº RCOMA 00404/2022/HCC & CMB RCOMA 00405/2022/HCC, maze ruhindura icyemezo cyarufashwemo ndetse n’icyaburanwe kuva ku rwego rwa mbere, mu buryo bunyuranyije n’ingingo ya 140 y’Itegeko n° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi n’umurongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza nº RS/RECT/RC 00003/2021/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 18/02/2022, haburana MUSEFANO Juvens ubwarwo rwashingiyeho.

## Page 7

[23] Ku byerekeye iburanisha ku birego bikosora n’ibisobanura urubanza, ingingo ya 140, igika cya 1, y’Itegeko n° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ibikurikira :”Ikirego gikosora cyangwa gisobanura urubanza kiburanishwa nk’inyandiko nsobanurakirego itanzwe n’umuburanyi umwe. Urubanza rukosora urundi, rukosora gusa amakosa y’imyandikire”. [24] Mu rubanza mu rubanza nº RS/RECT/RC 00003/2021/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 18/02/2022, haburana MUSEFANO Juvens, urwo Rukiko rwasobanuye iyo ngingo imaze kuvugwa, ruyihuza n’ibyanditswe n’abahanga mu mategeko ku byerekeye gukosora makosa y’imyandikire, ndetse n’urubanza rwaciwe mu Rukiko Rusesa imanza mu Gihugu cy’Ubufaransa, maze rutanga umurongo ugaragara mu gika cya 11 cy’urwo rubanza ko: “ a) Gukosora amakosa y’imyandikire ntibigomba kugira icyo bihindura ku cyemezo cyafashwe; b) Amakosa akosorwa ni ayakozwe n’umucamanza si ayakozwe n’umuburanyi. Hashobora ariko kubaho irengayobora nk’igihe umucamanza yasubiye mu makosa yakozwe n’umuburanyi kandi yashoboraga kuyabona iyo agenzura neza.” [25] Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rushingiye kuri uwo murongo, rwasanze amakosa MUSEFANO Juvens yasabaga gukosora mu rubanza nº RCAA 00022/2017/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 08/06/218, ashingiye ku nyandiko zatanzwe n’Akarere ka Rulindo nyuma y’uko urwo rubanza ruciwe, bitandukanye n’ibyo yagaragarije inkiko mbere, ko rero bikozwe byaba ari uguhindura icyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko hafatwa icyemezo gishya ku mutungo utaraburanweho, bikaba bitakwitwa gukosora amakosa y’imyandikire, maze rwemeza ko ikirego cye nta shingiro gifite, ko nta kosa ry’imyandikire ryabaye muri urwo rubanza. [26] Ku birebana n’uru rubanza, bigaragara ko mu rubanza rwajuririwe n° RCOM 00041/2022/HCC rwaciwe ku wa 12/10/2022 n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, urwo rukiko rwasuzumye niba urubanza n° RCOMA 00404/2022/HCC & CMB RCOMA 00405/2022/HCC rwakosowe n’urubanza n° RS/RECT/RCOM 00023/2022/HCC rwavanwaho, rusanga muri urwo rubanza urukiko rwemera narwo ko mu gukosora urubanza hakosorwa amakosa y’imyandikire nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 140 CPCCSA, ko iyo bibaye ngombwa habaho irengayobora kuri iri tegeko nk’igihe umucamanza yasubiye mu makosa yakozwe n’umuburanyi kandi byari gushoboka ko ayabona akayakosora iyo agenzura neza, ko iyo asubiye muri ayo makosa, amakosa aba ay’umucamanza ku buryo agomba gukosorwa. Urukiko rwasanze ari wo murongo wafashwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza nº RS/RECT/RC 00003/2021/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 18/02/2022, haburana MUSEFANO Juvens. [27] Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwasanze rero kuba ibimenyetso byashingiweho mu kuburanisha urubanza rwo gutesha agaciro cyamunara kuva ku rwego rwa mbere kugeza mu bujurire bigaragaza ko umutungo uburanwa ari ufite n° UPI: 1/02/09/02/2453 nk’uko bigaragazwa na raporo ya cyamunara yo ku wa 23/04/2022 ikarangira ku wa 25/04/2022 igaragaza ko umutungo watejwe cyamunara ari ufite n° UPI: 1/02/09/02/2453 watanzweho ingwate na INGABIRE Aliane muri Atlantique Microfinance Plc, expertise y’inzu yakozwe na ECHECO Ltd igaragaza ko yakorewe ku mutungo UPI: 1/02/09/02/2453, inyandiko ikubiyemo amabwiriza y’igurisha ry’ingwate ibaruwe kuri n° UPI: 1/02/09/02/2453, amatangazo ya cyamunara agaragaza umutungo ugurishwa ubaruwe kuri n° UPI: 1/02/09/02/2453, byose biri ku migereka y’ibyemezo by’izo manza, bivuga ko mu kuburanisha, umucamanza yagombaga kubona ayo makosa, ko kuba rero

## Page 8

yarakomeje kuyagenderaho, ayo makosa yabaye aye, akaba ariyo mpamvu yagombaga gukosorwa nk’uko byemejwe mu manza z’ikitegererezo zavuzwe muri urwo rubanza. [28] Urukiko rwasanze rero urubanza n° RS/RECT/RCOM 00023/2022/HCC rutavanwaho nk’uko MUGENI Josiane abisaba, kuko muri urwo rubanza hasobanuwe ibyashingiweho mu gukosora urubanza n° RCOMA 00404/2022/HCC & CMB RCOMA 00405/2022/HCC, ibyo bisobanuro bikaba bitahinduka, ko kandi kuba urwo rubanza rukosora urundi rubangamiye MUGENI Josiane kuko umutungo wamaze kumwandikwaho, bitaba impamvu yashingirwaho ngo urubanza rube rutakosorwa, cyane cyane ko uwo mutungo avuga ko ari uwe awukomora ku cyamunara cyateshejwe agaciro n’inkiko, ndetse n’imanza zamaze kuba itegeko, bisobanuye ko ihererekanyamutungo yakorewe kuri uwo mutungo ritakurikije amategeko, kuko nyuma y’uko cyamunara isheshwe, Atlantique Microfinance Plc yagombaga kumusubiza amafaranga yaguzemo uwo mutungo mu cyamunara, kuko umutungo wari usubijwe nyirawo INGABIRE Aliane. [29] Bigaragara na none ko mu rubanza n° RCOM 00765/2022/TC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 02/06/2022 rwajuririwe mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi kuri n° RCOMA 00404/2022/HCC & CMB RCOMA 00405/2022/HCC, INGABIRE Aliane yareze asaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara yakozwe ku mutungo ufite UPI:1/02/09/02/2454, ariko ibimenyetso byose bijyanye n’iyo cyamunara biri muri dosiye bigaragaza ko umutungo we afatanyije na BIZIYARENYE David batanzeho ingwate muri Atlantique Microfinance Plc watejwe cyamunara ku wa 23/04/2022 n’ugurisha ingwate MUKAKIMENYI Joséline ufite UPI:1/02/09/02/2453. Icyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, kigashimangirwa n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi kuri icyo kirego cyatanzwe na INGABIRE Aliane ni uko cyamunara iseswa kubera ko uwashinzwe kugurisha ingwate atarindiriye ko habaho cyamunara ya 3. [30] Urukiko rurasanga kuba Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwarakosoye ikosa riri mu myandikire ya nomero y’umutungo nk’uko byari byasabwe na INGABIRE Aliane nta kosa ryabaye, kubera ko, nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwabibonye mu rubanza rujuririrwa, n’umucamanza yashoboraga kubona iryo kosa ashingiye ku bimenyetso byatanzwe bigaragaza nomero y’umutungo watejwe cyamunara na ba nyirawo. [31] Urukiko rurasanga kandi kuba iryo kosa ryarakosowe bidahindura icyemezo cyafashwe n’inkiko zabanje, kuko cyamunara yaregewe kandi yasheshe ni iy’umutungo wa INGABIRE Aliane na BIZIYARENYE David, kandi nta yindi nomero ufite uretse UPI:1/02/09/02/2453 yatangiwe ibimenyetso mu rukiko nk’uko byavuzwe haruguru. [32] Urukiko rurasanga ibyo MUGENI Josiane avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwirengagije ingingo ya 140 CPCCSA nta shingiro bifite kubera ko, nk’uko na none byasobanuwe n’urukiko rwabanje, ikosa ryakozwe na INGABIRE Aliane ryasubiwemo n’umucamanza mu kwandika urubanza, nyamara yarashoboraga kuribona ashingiye ku bimenyetso byari muri dosiye bigaragaza nomero y’umutungo watejwe cyamunara, byaba na ngombwa agasobanuza umuburanyi watanze ikirego. [33] Urukiko rurasanga kandi ibyo MUGENI Josiane avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwirengagije umurongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza nº RS/RECT/RC 00003/2021/SC rwaciwe ku wa 18/02/2022, haburana MUSEFANO Juvens nta shingiro bifite, kuko uwo murongo uteganya ihame ko amakosa akosorwa ari ayakozwe n’umucamanza, ko atari

## Page 9

ayakozwe n’umuburanyi, ariko ukanateganya irengayobora (exception) nk’igihe umucamanza yasubiye mu makosa yakozwe n’umuburanyi kandi yashoboraga kuyabona iyo agenzura neza, akaba ari muri uwo murongo urubanza n° RCOMA 00404/2022/HCC & RCOMA 00405/2022/HCC rwakosowemo n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi mu rubanza n° RS/RECT/RCOM 00023/2022/HCC. [34] Urukiko rurasanga na none icyemezo cyafashwe mu rubanza nº RS/RECT/RC 00003/2021/SC rwaciwe ku wa 18/02/2022, haburana MUSEFANO Juvens kigomba gutandukana n’icyo muri uru rubanza, kubera ko nk’uko byasobanuwe muri urwo rubanza ibimenyetso MUSEFANO Juvens yashakaga ko Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rushingiraho rukosora amakosa yakozwe byatanzwe nyuma y’uko inkiko zimaze guca urubanza, mu gihe muri uru rubanza ibimenyetso byari muri dosiye kuva urubanza rwatangira ku rwego rwa mbere kandi bigaragaza umutungo watejwe cyamunara yaregewe, bityo gukosora ikosa rya nomero y’uwo mutungo ntibyakwitwa ko urubanza ruciwe bundi bushya ku mutungo utararegewe. [35] Urukiko rurasanga rero kuba Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rutaravanyeho urubanza n° RS/RECT/RCOM 00023/2022/HCC rukosora urubanza n° RCOMA 00404/2022/HCC & CMB RCOMA 00405/2022/HCC nta kosa rwakoze rikwiye gukosorwa mu bujurire, bityo ubujurire bwatanzwe na MUGENI Josiane nta shingiro bufite. b. Ku byerekeye amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’ibihembo bya Avoka asabwa n’ababuranyi [36] Uhagarariye INGABIRE Aliane avuga ko, ashingiye ku ngingo ya 111 CPCCSA, Urukiko rugomba gutegeka MUGENI Josiane kwishyura amafaranga yatanze yishyura Avoka angana n'ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw), kuko yashowe mu manza z’amaherere n’abazi ukuri ko ibyo baregera ari amahugu yo gushaka ku mwambura umutungo we. [37] Uhagarariye MUGENI Josiane avuga ko ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwa INGABIRE Aliane butahabwa ishingiro, kubera ko MUGENI Josiane yaguze umutungo mu cyamunara kandi Umwanditsi Mukuru yari yamaze kwemeza ko cyamunara yakurikije amategeko, ko rero nta ndishyi izo ari zo zose akwiye kuryozwa, ko ahubwo INGABIRE Aliane yakwishyura igihembo cya Avoka cya 2.000.000 Frw n'ikurikiranarubanza rya 500.000 Frw kubera kwamburwa umutungo umubaruyeho no gusiragizwa mu manza. [38] Uhagarariye Atlantique Microfinance Plc avuga ko INGABIRE Aliane agomba gutegekwa kuyishyura 1.000.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka, kubera ko akomeje kuyikurura mu manza. Naho uhagarariye INGABIRE Aliane akavuga ko atumva impamvu asabwa gutanga ayo mafaranga. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [39] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu iteganya ibikurikira: “Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego

## Page 10

cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe”. [40] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka INGABIRE Aliane asaba MUGENI Josiane afite ishingiro, kubera ko yashatse Avoka wo kumuburanira, ubujurire bwa MUGENI Josiane bukaba nta shingiro bufite, kandi ayo mafaranga asaba ari mu kigero gikwiye, akaba agomba kuyagenerwa. [41] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cya Avoka MUGENI Josiane asaba INGABIRE Aliane atayagenerwa kuko ubujurire yatanze nta shingiro bufite. [42] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cya Avoka Atlantique Microfinance Plc isaba INGABIRE Aliane itagomba kuyagenerwa, kuko yaje mu rubanza kuri uru rwego kubera ubujurire bwatanzwe na MUGENI Josiane. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [43] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na MUGENI Josiane nta shingiro bufite; [44] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwatanzwe na INGABIRE Aliane bufite ishingiro, naho ubwatanzwe na Atlantique Microfinance Plc nta shingiro bufite; [45] Rwemeje ko urubanza rwajuririwe n° RCOM 00041/2022/HCC rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 12/10/2022 rudahindutse; [46] Rutegetse ko ntagindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza n° RCOMA 00404/2022/HCC & CMB RCOMA 00405/2022/HCC rwaciwe ku wa 12/07/2022 rwakosowe kuri n° RS/RECT/RCOM 00023/2022/HCC n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 23/08/2022; [47] Rutegetse MUGENI Josiane kwishyura INGABIRE Aliane 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka; [48] Ruvuze ko amafaranga y’amagarama y’urubanza yatanzwe na MUGENI Josiane ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza.