MUGENZI v. BPR

# MUGENZI v. BPR

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2014-04-25 - Case/document no.: RCOMAA 0007/12/CS - Collection: Supreme Court

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MUGENZI v. BPR [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – RCOMAA 0007/12/CS (Rugabirwa, P.J., Kayitesi R na Mukandamage, J.) 25 Mata 2014 ] Amategeko agenga amasezerano – Agaciro k’amasezerano – Kuba banki yarasheshwe ntibivuze ko itari ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora no gusinya amasezerano y’inguzanyo, mu gihe icyabaye ari ukwibumbira hamwe mu za koperative, byaje kubyara banki imwe y’abaturage (fusion), bituma ayo ma banki aseswa ariko atavanyweho (dissolution sans liquidation) – Umuburanyi ntiyasaba indishyi avuga ko banki itari ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora amasezerano, mu gihe hari abakozi bayo bahawe ububasha bwo gusinya ku masezerano no gutanga inguzanyo, bivuze ko ayo masezerano yari afite agaciro – Itegeko rigenga amasezerano n°45/2011 ryo kuwa 25/11/2011,ingingo ya 4 n’iya 64 . Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z‘imbonezamubano – Indishyi z‘akababaro zikomoka mu gusiragizwa mu manza ku maherere – Igihembo cya avoka – Kuba banki yarasiragijwe mu manza ku maherere kandi yari ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora amasezerano, nta mpanvu yuko itahabwa indishyi z’akababaro – Itegeko n°21/2012 ryo kuwa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 106. Incamake y’ikibazo: Kuwa 04/09/2008, Banki y’abaturage ya kicukiro yahaye Mugenzi David inguzanyo ya 18.000.000 Frws yo kubaka, atanga ingwate y’inzu ye, yishingirwa n’umugore we. Mugenzi yaje kurega BPR mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Nyamirambo, arusaba ko rwakwemeza ko amasezerano y’inguzanyo yagiranye na banki adafite agaciro kuko itari ifite ubushobozi bwo kuyasinya no kumuguriza kuko iyi banki yari yasheshwwe kuwa 01/04/2008, anasaba indishyi zingana na 13.004. 000 Frws z’uko banki yasinye amasezerano y’inguzanyo kandi idafite ububasha. Uru Rukiko rwemeje ko ikirego kitakiriwe kuko nta nyungu Mugenzi afite muri urwo rubanza, rumutegeka guha banki indishyi zingana na 300.000 frws zo gushorwa mu rubanza rudafite ishingiro. Mugenzi yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, rwemeza ko ubujurire nta shingiro bufite, rumutegeka guha BPR indishyi z’akababaro zingana na 200.000 frws zo kuyisiragiza mu manza. Yongeye kujurira mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga asaba ko rwakwemeza ko ayo masezerano bagiranye nta agaciro afite , kubera ko iyo banki yasinye amasezerano nta bushobozi ibifitiye kandi ko yari yasheshwe, anasaba indishyi zinyuranye. Ku byerekeye kumenya niba BPR ya kicukiro itari ifite ubushobozi bwo gukora amasezerano, uburanira Mugenzi avuga ko BPR itari ifite ubushobozi bwo gusinya amasezerano y’inguzanyo yo kuwa 04/09/2008 kuko iyo banki yari yasheshwe kuwa 01/04/2008, anasaba yuko Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwakwemeza ko ayo masezerano nta gaciro afite. Uburanira banki avuga ko yari ifite ubushobozi bwo gukorana na Mugenzi amasezerano y’inguzanyo kuko itasheshwe, igikora ikanatanga inguzanyo, avuga ko icyabaye ari uko amakoperative ya banki y’abaturage y’u rwanda ya kera yibumbiye hamwe yaje guhinduka BPR imwe mu gihugu cyose, anavuga ko ayo masezerano afite agaciro kuko yakorewe imbere ya noteri, anasaba yuko banki itaha Mugenzi indishyi asaba kuko atishyuye inguzanyo yamuhaye.

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Ku byerekeye kumenya niba indishyi Mugenzi yaciwe zifite ishingiro, umuburanira avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rutagombaga gumishaho imikirize y‘urubanza rwaciwe ku rwego rwa mbere, kuko mu gihe urukiko rwabanje rwemeje ko ikirego cye kitakiriwe, ntago rwagombaga kumuca indishyi z’uko yashoye banki mu manza nta mpanvu, ko kandi banki nayo itagombaga kugenerwa izo ndishyi kuko nta kirego kigamije kwiregura yatanze mu rwego rwa mbere. Uburanira banki avuga ko inkiko zabanje zaciye Mugenzi indishyi zo kuyisiragiza mu manza kubera ko zasanze yarakoze amakosa yo kuyirega nta mpanvu. Ku byerekeye ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwa BPR, uyiburanira avuga ko yatanze ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi asaba ko Mugenzi yayishyura umwenda-remezo hamwe n’inyungu zawo. Uburanira Mugenzi avuga ko atishyura banki kuko ariyo nyirabayazana yatumye yiyambaza inkiko kuko banki yashatse kuteza cyamunara inzu ye. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Hashingiwe ku gitekerezo cy’umuhanga mu mategeko yerekeranye n’amasosiyete y’ubucuruzi avuga mu ko ikomatanya ry’amasosiyete, (fusion) ribaho iyo amasosiyete abiri cyangwa menshi yibumbiye hamwe kugira ngo abyare sosiyete nshya imwe, ko muri icyo gihe, ayo masosiyete aseswa, ariko atavanyweho kuko imitungo yayo itaba yagabanywe kubera ko aba yahindutse abanyamigabane ba sosiyete nshya yavutse. Bityo Kuba imitungo hamwe n’imyenda by’ama Banki yakomatanyirijwe hamwe (fusion),bituma ayo mabanki aseswa, ariko atavanyweho(dissolution sans liquidation) kuko yakomeje ibikorwa byayo by’ubucuruzi . 2. Iyo umuburanyi asiragijwe mu manza ku maherere, indishyi z’akababaro yasaba ziba zifite ishingiro. Ahabwa amafaranga y’ikurikirana rubanza hamwe n’igihembo cya avoka kuko aba yatanze amafaranga ye mu manza nta mpanvu. Ubujurire bwa Mugenzi David nta shingiro bufite; Ubujurire bwuririye kubundi bwa banki bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe; Ubujurire bwuririye kubundi bwa banki kubirebana n’umwenda-remezo ntibwakiriwe; Amagarama y’urubanza aherereye kuwareze. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko rigenga amasezerano n°45/2011 ryo kuwa 25/11/2011, ingingo ya 4 n’iya 64, Itegeko n°21/2012 ryo kuwa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 106. Nta manza zifashishijwe: Urubanza

I.IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Kuwa 04/09/2008, Banki y’Abaturage ya Kicukiro yagiranye na Mugenzi David amasezerano y’inguzanyo ya 18.000.000 Frw yo kubaka. Mugenzi David yatanze ingwate igizwe n’inzu ye iri mu Murenge wa Niboyi, Akarere ka Kicukiro, Umujyi wa Kigali anishingirwa n’umugore we Murekatete Laurence.

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[2] Mugenzi David yareze Banki y’Abaturage, Ishami rya Remera, mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Nyarugenge asaba ko rwakwemeza ko ayo masezerano adafite agaciro ( nullité du contrat) kuko Banki y’Abaturage ya Kicukiro itari ifite ubushobozi (défaut de capacité) bwo kuyasinya no kumuguriza 18.000.000 Frw kuko yari yarashehwe kuwa 01/04/2008, asaba ko yamuha 13.004.000 Frw y’indishyi. [3] Urwo Rukiko rwemeje ko ikirego cya Mugenzi David kitakiriwe kubera ko nta nyungu afite muri urwo rubanza, rumutegeka guha Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda, Ishami rya Remera 300.000 Frw y’indishyi zo gushorwa mu rubanza rudafite ishingiro. [4] Urwo Rukiko rwasobanuye ko Banki y’Abaturage ya Kicukiro itakuweho kuko igikora nk’agashami ka Kicukiro, k’ishami rya Remera, muri Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda SA, ko kandi Mugenzi atakwitwaza ko iyo Banki yasheshwe kuko nawe ubwe yagombaga kubimenya mbere y’uko bakorana amasezerano hashingiwe ku ihame ry’uko ntawe ushobora kwitwaza ko atazi amategeko (Nul n’est censé ignorer la loi), keretse niba yarayasinye agamije kwigwizaho umutungo utari uwe (enrichissement sans cause), ko rero agomba kubahiriza ayo masezerano nk’uko ingingo ya 33 y’Igitabo cya gatatu cy’urwunge rw’amategeko y’imbonezamubano ibiteganya. [5] Mugenzi David yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, rumutegeka guha Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda, Ishami rya Remera 200.000 Frw y’indishyi z’akababaro zo kuyisiragiza mu manza n’igihembo cya avoka. [6] Mugenzi David yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ikirenga asaba ko rwakwemeza ko amasezerano yo kuwa 04/09/2008 nta gaciro afite ( nullité du contrat) kubera ko Banki y’Abaturage ya Kicukiro yayasinye nta bushobozi (défaut de capacité) ibifitiye kuko yari yarasheshwe kuwa 01/04/2008, asaba ko yamuha indishyi zinyuranye. [7] Iburanisha ry’urubanza ritangiye, uburanira Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda, Ishami rya Remera yatanze inzitizi zo kutakira ubujurire bwa Mugenzi David kubera ko butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, no kuba bwarakererewe. [8] Kuwa 14/01/2014,Urukiko rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Mugenzi David buri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, kandi ko butakererewe, rutegeka ko iburanisha ry’urubanza rizakomeza kuwa 25/03/2014. [9] Uwo munsi ugeze, urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame, Mugenzi David ahagarariwe na Me Rwigema Vincent, naho Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda, Ishami rya Remera, ihagarariwe na Me Ntaganda Kabare Festo. II. IBIBAZO BIRI MU RUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYABYO Kumenya niba Banki y’Abaturage ya Kicukiro itari ifite ubushobozi (défaut de capacité) bwo gukora amasezerano yo ku itariki ya 04/09/2008 n’agaciro kayo. [10] Uburanira Mugenzi David avuga ko Banki y’Abaturage ya Kicukiro itari ifite ubushobozi (défaut de capacité) bwo gusinya amasezerano y’inguzanyo yo kuwa 04/09/2008 kuko yari yarasheshwe kuwa 01/04/2008 nk’uko bigaragazwa n’Igazeti ya Leta y’u Rwanda n°

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07 yo kuwa 01/04/2008 irimo inyandiko-mvugo y’inama idasanzwe ya Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda SA yo kuwa 05/01/2008, yemeje ko imitungo (actifs) n’imyenda (passifs) byose by’ama Koperative ya Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda yahujwe (fusion) hanemezwa ko azakorera muri Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda SA, ko kandi yemeje ko ufite ububasha bwo gusinya amasezerano y’inguzanyo mu izina ryayo ari Umuyobozi Mukuru wayo (Directeur Général) cyangwa uwo yabihereye ububasha wo muri Komite Nyobozi yayo (Comité Exécutif), bivuga rero ko kuva icyo gihe, Umucungamari wa Banki y’Abaturage ya Kicukiro wasinye ku masezerano y’inguzanyo yavuzwe haruguru atari abifitiye ububasha. [11] Avuga kandi ko Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwakwemeza ko ayo masezerano nta gaciro afite kuko atujuje ibisabwa n’ingingo ya 8 y’Igitabo cya gatatu cy’urwunge rw’amategeko y’imbonezamubano, kubera ko yasinywe na Banki y’Abaturage ya Kicukiro itari ikibifitiye ubushobozi nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, ariko ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rutasuzumye icyo kibazo, ko ahubwo rwaciye urubanza rushingiye ku mahame rusange ataraburanyweho igihe cy’iburanisha ajyanye n’uko Mugenzi David atagombaga kwitwaza ko atamenye ko Banki yasheshwe kuko nta wakwitwaza ko atazi amategeko (Nul n’estcensé ignorer la loi), keretse niba yarasinye amasezerano ashaka kwigwizaho umutungo utari uwe (enrichissement sans cause), ko rero urwo rubanza rwaciwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’ingingo ya 6 y’Itegeko n° 18/2004 ryo kuwa 29/01/2004 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi ryakurikizwaga icyo gihe,ibuza umucamanza guca urubanza ashingiye ku ngingo rusange z’amategeko cyangwa amabwiriza. [12] Asobanura ko Urukiko rw’Ikirenga nirumara kwemeza ko amasezerano yavuzwe haruguru atagifite agaciro, aribwo Mugenzi David azishyura Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda Ltd amafaranga y’inguzanyo yamugurije atarimo inyungu zayo, kuko nta kosa (turpitude) yakoze, ko ahubwo ari Banki y’Abaturage ya Kicukiro yarikoze igihe yamusinyishaga amasezerano inamuha inguzanyo nta bubasha ibifitiye, ariko ko Mugenzi yayasinye kubera ko bari basanzwe bayagirana (théorie de l’apparence). [13] Asaba ko Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda, Ishami rya Remera yaha Mugenzi David 13.004.000 Frw y’indishyi yasabye ku rwego rwa mbere, 1.000.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya avoka yo mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi na 2.000.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya avoka yo muri uru Rukiko. [14] Uburanira Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda, Ishami rya Remera avuga ko yari ifite ubushobozi bwo gukorana na Mugenzi amasezerano y’inguzanyo kuko itasheshwe, ko ahubwo igikora ikanatanga inguzanyo nk’Agashami k’Ishami rya Remera rya Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda Ltd. [15] Asobanura ko ama Koperative ya Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda ya kera yibumbiye hamwe, abyara Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda SA yaje guhindura Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda Ltd imwe mu gihugu hose, yiyandikisha mu Kigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Iterambere (RDB) nk’uko bigaragazwa na “Certificate of domestic registration” yo kuwa 21/01/2008, ko kuba iyi Banki yarashyizeho n’Udushami (Sous-Branches) twayo turimo Agashami ka Kicukiro ari ukugira ngo yegereze abakiriya bayo serivisi zayo (décentralisation).

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[16] Avuga kandi ko ayo masezerano afite agaciro kuko ari inyandiko mvaho kuko yakorewe imbere ya Noteri, ko Mugenzi David atayatesha agaciro yitwaje uburiganya cyangwa indi mpamvu iyo ariyo yose mu gihe nta rubanza rw’inshinjabyaha yahaye uru Rukiko rugaragaza ko ari impimbano hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 13 y’Itegeko n° 15/2004 ryo kuwa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo. [17] Yongeraho ko Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda, Ishami rya Remera itaha Mugenzi David indishyi asaba kuko yakoze amakosa yo kutayishyura inguzanyo yamuhaye. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [18] Ku bijyanye n’agaciro k’amasezerano, ingingo ya 4 y’Itegeko N°45/2011 ryo kuwa 25/11/2011 rigenga Amasezerano, iteganya ko “Ibisabwa by’ibanze mu ikorwa ry’amasezerano ni ibi bikurikira: Kwemeranya kw’impande zombi zigirana amasezerano, ubushobozi bwo gukora amasezerano, ishingiro ry’amasezerano, n'impamvu yemewe n'amategeko”.Naho ingingo ya 64 y’Itegeko rimaze kuvugwa, ikavuga ko “Amasezerano akozwe ku buryo bukurikije amategeko, aba itegeko ku bayagiranye. Ashobora guseswa ari uko babyumvikanyeho cyangwa ku mpamvu zemewe n’amategeko. Agomba kubahirizwa nta buriganya“. [19] Ku birebana n’ubushobozi bwa Banki y’Abaturage ya Kicukiro bwo gukora amasezerano y’inguzanyo yabaye kuwa 04/09/2008, inyandiko-mvugo y’inama idasanzwe ya Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda SA yo kuwa 05/01/2008 yatangajwe mu Igazeti ya Leta y’u Rwanda n° 7 yo kuwa 01/04/2008, igaragaza ko imitungo (actifs) n’imyenda (passifs) by’ama Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda yakomatanyirijwe hamwe (fusion),bituma ayo mabanki aseswa, ariko atavanyweho(dissolution sans liquidation) kuko yakomeje ibikorwa byayo by’ubucuruzi muri Banki nshya ariyo Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda SA (BPR SA) ifite imari-shingiro (capital social) ingana na 10.278.692.755 Frw, kubera ko yahise aba abanyamigabane bayo, ko amashami (Branches) n’Udashami (Sous-Branches) twayo twanganaga na128 harimo n’Ishami rya Remera (Branche de Remera) n’Agashami kayo ka Kicukiro (Sous-Branche de Kicukiro) nk’uko bigaragazwa na Sitati z’iyo Banki yatangajwe muIgazeti ya Leta yavuzwe haruguru. [20] Muri iyonyandiko-mvugo, hemejwe kandi ko mu gihe cy’inzibacyuho, Umucungamari (gérant), ushinzwe imitangirey’inguzanyo ( responsable des crédits) hamwe n’ushinzwe kuyishyuza (agent de recouvrement) bafite ububasha bwo gutanga inguzanyo kugera ku gipimo cya 80%, ariko ko mbere yo gutanga inguzanyo irenze icyo gipimo, bagomba kubanza kubihererwa uruhushya n’Umujyanama witwa “Conseiller Technique”, ko kandi amasezerano y’inguzanyo azajya ashyirwaho imikono n’Umucungamari afatanyije n’ushinzwe imitangire y’inguzanyo. [21] Umuhanga mu mategeko yerekeranye n’amasosiyete y’ubucuruzi witwa Philippe Merle avuga mu gitabo cye ko Ikomatanya ry’amasosiyete (fusion) ribaho iyo amasosiyete abiri cyangwa menshi yibumbiye hamwe kugira ngo abyare sosiyete nshya imwe, ko muri icyo gihe, ayo masosiyete aseswa, ariko atavanyweho kuko imitungo yayo itaba yagabanywe kubera ko aba yahindutse abanyamigabane ba sosiyete nshya yavutse“1. 1“La fusion est l’opération par laquelle deux ou plusieurs sociétés se réunissent pour en former qu’une seule. Elle peut résulter soit de la création d’une société nouvelle par les sociétés existantent, soit de l’absorption d’une société par une autre (…). La fusion entraîne la dissolution sans liquidation des

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[22] Hashingiwe ku mategeko n’ibisobanuro byatanzwe haruguru, Urukiko rurasanga Banki y’Abaturage ya Kicukiro yarasheshwe, ariko ntiyavanwaho(dissolution sans liquidation) kuko yakomeje gukora nk’Agashami k’Ishami rya Remera ryaBanki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda SA (BPR SA) yahindutse ubu Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda Ltd ibereye umunyamigabane nk’uko bigaragazwa na “Certificate of domestic registration” yo kuwa 21/01/2008 iri muri dosiye, ko kandi Umucungamari (gérant) n’ushinzwe imitangire y’inguzanyo ( responsable des crédits), ndetse n’ushinzwe kuyishyuza (agent de recouvrement) bayobahawe ububasha bwo gukomeza gutanga inguzanyo nk’uko bigaragazwa n’inyandiko-mvugo yavuzwe haruguru, ikaba rero yari ifite ububasha bwo gukorana amasezerano na Mugenzi Davidi yo kuwa 04/09/2008. [23] Urukiko rurasanga rero kuba abakozi ba Banki y’Abaturage ya Kicukiro bavuzwe haruguru barakomeje kugira ububasha bwo gusinya amasezerano no gutanga inguzanyo nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, bivuga ko amasezerano y’inguzanyo yagiranye na Mugenzi David kuwa 04/09/2008 agaragaza ko yamugurije 18.000.000 Frw afite agaciro hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 64 y’Itegeko n°45/2011 ryavuzwe haruguru kuko yujuje ibisabwa n’ingingo ya 4 y’iri Tegeko, bityo Mugenzi David, akaba rero atagomba guhabwa indishyi asaba kuko nta shingiro zifite. Kumenya niba indishyi Mugenzi David yaciwe zifite ishingiro [24] Uburanira Mugenzi David avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rutagombaga guhamishaho imikirize y’urubanza rwaciwe ku rwego rwa mbere kuko mu gihe Urukiko rwabanje rwemeje ko ikirego cye kitakiriwe, rutagombaga kumuca 300.000 Frw y’indishyi z’uko yashoye Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda, Ishami rya Remera mu rubanza nta mpamvu, ko kandi itagombaga kugenerwa izo ndishyi kuko nta kirego kigamije kwiregura yatanze ku rwego rwa mbere, ko rero urwo rubanza rwaciwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’ingingo ya 107 y’Itegeko n° 18/2004 ryo kuwa 29/01/2004 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi ryakurikizwaga icyo gihe, iteganya ko ikirego kigamije kwiregura kidashobora gukurikiranwa iyo icy’iremezo kivuyeho. [25] Avuga kandi ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rutagombaga kugenera Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda, Ishami rya Remera 200.000 Frw y’indishyi z’akababaro z’uko yayisiragije mu manza kuko itagira akababaro, ko kandi itazisabye mu bujurire bwayo bwuririye ku bundi,ko rero urwo rubanza rwaciwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’ingingo ya 147, igika cya 2y’Itegeko n° 18/2004 ryo kuwa 29/01/2004 ryavuzwe haruguru, iteganya ko buri rubanza ruciwe rugomba kugaragaza impamvu zose rushingiyeho. [26] Uburanira Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda, Ishami rya Remera avuga ko Inkiko zabanje zaciye Mugenzi David indishyi zo kuyisiragiza mu manza n’igihembo cya avoka kubera ko zasanze yarakoze amakosa (turpitude) yo kuyirega nta mpamvu, ko kandi Banki ikwiye guhabwa izo ndishyi kuko yagiye izisaba banki nk’uko bigaragazwa n’ikirego cyayo kigamije kwiregura yatanze ku rwego rwa mbere hamwe n’ubujurire bwayo bwuririye ku bundi nk’uko bigaragazwa n’amakopi y’imanza zaciwe ari muri dosiye. sociétés qui disparaissent et la transmission universelle de leur patrimoine aux sociétés bénéficaires. Elle entraîne simultanément l’acquisition, par les associés des sociétés qui disparaissent, de la qualité d’associés des sociétés bénéficaires“, par Philippe Merle, Droit Commercial, S

ociétés

Commerciales,

10 ème Edition, Dalloz, Paris, 2005, p. 856.

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UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [27] Ingingo ya106 y’Itegeko n°21/2012 ryo kuwa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya ko “Ikirego kiregera kwiregura ni igitangwa n’uregwa agamije gusaba ko urega agira ibyo acibwa”. [28] Muri dosiye, hari umwanzuro wo kuwa 16/03/2010, ugaragaza ko Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda, Ishami rya Remera yasabye ko Mugenzi David wayireze ku maherere yayiha 1.000.000 Frw y’indishyi zo kuyisiragiza mu rubanza n’igihembo cya avoka. [29] Urukiko rurasanga ibyo Mugenzi David aburanisha by’uko Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda,Ishami rya Remera itagombaga kugenerwa indishyi z’akababaro kubera ko ntako yagira nta shingiro bifite, kuko indishyi yagenewe ari izijyanye n’amafaranga yatanze kuri izo manza zombi bitari ngombwa, kandi akaba yaraburanirwaga na Avoka, hakaba nta kibuza ko sosiyete ihabwa bene izo ndishyi. [30] Ku birebana n’izo ndishyi zatanzwe ku rwego rwa mbere,Urukiko rurasanga, kuba Urukiko rwabanje rwari rwemeje ko Banki y’Abaturage ya Kicukiro yari ifite ubushobozi bwo gukorana na Mugenzi David amasezerano y’umwenda nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, urwo Rukiko ntirwagomba kwemeza ko ikirego cye kitakiriwe, ahubwo rwagombaga kucyakira, ariko rukavuga ko nta shingiro gifite. Kuba icyo kirego cyaragombaga kwakirwa, Urukiko rurasanga nta kosa Urukiko rwakoze ubwo rwemezaga ko Mugenzi David agomba guha Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda, Ishami rya Remera 300.000 Frw y’indishyi z’uko yayisiragije mu rubanza nta mpamvu hashingiwe ku ngingo ya106 y’Itegeko n° 21/2012 ryo kuwa 14/06/2012 ryavuzwe haruguru nk’uko n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwabyemeje. [31] Ku byerekeranye n’indishyi Mugenzi David yaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi,Urukiko rurasanga Mugenzi David yaragombaga koko guha Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda, Ishami rya Remera indishyi zingana na 200.000 Frw kubera ko yayisiragije mu manza ku maharere hamwe n’igihembo cya avoka, ko kandi Banki yari yarazisabye mu bujurire bwayo bwuririye ku bundi nk’uko bigaragazwa n’umwanzuro wayo w’ubujurire uri muri dosiye (C 36 na C 37), bivuga rero ko indishyi Mugenzi David yaciwe n’Inkiko zabanje zifite ishingiro. Ubujurire bwuririre ku bundi bwa Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda, Ishami rya Remera [32] Uburanira Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda, Ishami rya Remera avuga ko atanze ubujurire bwuririre ku bundi asaba ko Mugenzi David yayishyura 15.000.000 Frw y’umwenda-remezo ugaragarira mu masezerano y’umwenda yo kuwa 04/09/2008 na “historique bancaire” biri muri dosiye,30.015.000 Frw y’inyungu zisanzwe zibazwe kuva kuwa 04/09/2008 kugera kuwa 24/03/2014, 3.335.000 Frwy’inyungu z’ubukererwe zibariwe kuri 4% kuva kuwa 04/09/2008 kugera kuwa 24/03/2014 na 500.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza, yosehamwe akaba 48.850.000 Frw. [33] Uburanira Mugenzi David avuga ko ataha Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda,Ishami rya Remera15.000.000 Frw y’umwenda-remezo n’inyungu zawo isaba kuko bitaburanweho mu Nkiko zabanje,ko kandi atayiha 500.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza kuko ariyo nyirabayazana

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yatumye yiyambaza Inkiko kuko iyo Banki yashatse guteza cyamunara inzu ye ishingiye ku masezerano adafite agaciroyavuzwe haruguru UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [34] Ingingo ya 168 y’Itegeko n° 21/2012 ryo kuwa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya ko “ Ku rwego rw’ubujurire ntihashobora kuregerwa ikirego gishya” keretse gusa ibiteganyijwe muri iyo ngingo. [35] Ku birebana n’uru rubanza, dosiye igaragaza ko amafaranga y’umwenda-remezo n’inyungu zawoBanki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda,Ishami rya Remera isaba atigeze aburanwaho ngo anacirirweho urubanza kurwego rwa mbere n’urwa kabiri, koahubwoiyasabiye bwa mbere mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga, Urukiko rukaba rusanga ari ikirego gishya gitangiwe bwa mbere mu rwego rw’ubujurire, bityo kikaba kitagomba kwakirwa hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 168 y’Itegeko rimaze kuvugwa haruguru. [36] Ku bijyanyen’amafaranga y’ikurikirana rubanza Banki isaba, Urukiko rurasanga Mugenzi David agomba guha Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda, Ishami rya Remera300.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza kuko iyakwiriye, akaba agenwe n’Urukiko mu bushishozi bwarwoyiyongera kuyo yagenewe n’Inkiko zibanza. [37] Urukiko rurasanga rero igiteranyo cy’amafaranga Mugenzi David agomba guhaBanki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda,Ishami rya Remera ari 300.000 Frw y’indishyi zo gushorwa mu rubanza nta mpamvu yo ku rwego rwa mbere + 200.000 Frw y’indishyi zo kuyisiragiza mu manza nta mpamvu n’igihembo cya avoka yo ku rwego rw’ubujurire + 300.000 Frwy’ikurikiranarubanza yo kuri uru rwego, bityo yose hamwe akaba angana na 800.000 Frw. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [38] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Mugenzi David nta shingiro bufite; [39] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bubwuririyeho bwatanzwe na Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda, Ishami rya Remera bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe; [40] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwatanzwe na Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda ,Ishami rya Remera, butakiriwe ku birebana n’umwenda-remezo n’inyungu zawo kuko bitaburanyweho ku rwego rwa mbere; [41] Rutegetse Mugenzi David guha Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda, Ishami rya Remera 800.000 Frw nk’uko byasobanuwe; [42] Rutegetse Mugenzi David gutanga amagarama y’uru rubanza angana na 35.100 Frw habariwemo n’ayo yaciwe mu Rukiko Rukuru, atayatanga mu gihe cy’iminsi umunani, ayo mafaranga agakurwa mu bye ku ngufu za Leta.