UBUSHINJACYAHA vs. MUGIMBA Jean Baptiste

UBUSHINJACYAHA vs. MUGIMBA Jean Baptiste

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2022-03-17 - Case/document no.: RP/GEN 00002/2017/HC/HCCIC - Collection: High Court

Text

Page 1

UBUSHINJACYAHA vs. MUGIMBA [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU – RP/GEN 00002/2017/HC/HCCIC (Muhima, J. P., Nsanzimana Ndagijimana, J.) 17 Werurwe 2022] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Ibyaha bya jenoside – Icyaha cyo gucura umugambi wo gukora jenoside – Ni icyaha gikorwa k’ubwumvikane bw’abantu babiri cyangwa benshi bugamije gukora jenoside, uyikora cyangwa abayikora bakaba bafite ubushake bwihariye bwo kurimbura itsinda ry’abantu bose cyangwa bamwe muri bo bahuriye ku bwenegihugu, ku bwoko, ibara ry’uruhu cyangwa ku idini bazira icyo bari cyo. Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Ibyaha bya jenoside – Kuba icyitso muri jonoside – Ni ugukora ibikorwa bifatika bigize icyaha cya jenoside, ubikora akabikora afasha undi mu gukora icyaha cy’ibanze kandi akamufasha azi neza ibyo arimo gukora, nubwo atari ngombwa ko aba afite umugambi wo gukora jenoside nk’ufitwe n’uwo wakoze icyo cyaha cy’ibanze. Incamake y’ikibazo: Mugimba wari warahungiye mu gihugu cy’Ubuholandi, Ubushinjacyaha bugasaba ko yakoherezwa mu Rwanda ngo aburanishwe ku byaha akekwaho, bwamuregeye uru Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko ruburanisha ibyaha mpuzamahanga n’ibyaha byambuka imbibi buvuga ko ku wa 08/04/1994 yakoresheje inama iwe mu rugo yigiwemo ibyo kwica abatutsi, ikorerwamo amalisiti yabo, hemezwa ishyirwaho rya za bariyeri n’uburyo haboneka imbunda zo gukoresha muri ubwo bwicanyi. Yanarezwe kuba mu bantu batoje ibya

gisirikare urubyiruko rw’ishyaka rya CDR, abakwirakwije intwaro, abayoboye ibitero ahantu hatandukanye muri segiteri Nyakabanda no mu nkengero zayo, ndetse anaba mu bashishikarije banakangurira abandi ibikorwa byo kwica abatutsi no kuba ari mu bashinze iradiyo ya RTLM yashishikarizaga abantu gukora jenoside. Buvuga kandi ko ibyo bikorwa bigize icyaha cya jenoside, gucura umugambi wo gukora jenoside, ubufatanyacyaha mu gukora jenoside no gushishikariza abantu gukora jenoside ariko mu iburanisha ry’urubanza mu mizi buvuga ko bumukurikiranyeho gusa icyaha cyo kuba icyitso cy’abakoze jenoside n’icyo gucura umugambi wo gukora jenoside. Mugimba Jean Baptiste we ahakana ibyaha aregwa avuga ko nta bimenyetso ubushinjacyaha bushingiraho ibyaha bumurega, dore ko atigeze akurikiranwa n’inkiko Gacaca kubera ko mu gihe cy’ikusanyamakuru ryazo nta muntu wigeze avuga uruhare yaba yaragize mu iyicwa ry’abatutsi muri segiteri ya Nyakabanda yari atuyemo ndetse akaba ataranashyizwe ku rutonde rw’Umushinjacyaha Mukuru rwasohokaga mu igazeti ya Leta rw’abakekwagaho gukora jenoside. Akomeza avuga ko nta myitwarire mibi yagize ahubwo asanga ko ikirego cy’Ubushinjacyaha gishingiye ku mwanya yari afite mu ishyaka rya CDR aho gushingira ku bikorwa yakoze ku giti cye. Ikindi ni uko icyo kirego gishingiye ku bugambanyi yakorewe n’abashakaga kumutwarira imitungo bavuga ko ngo yabasahuye

kandi bamubeshyera. Ibi kandi ngo bishimangirwa n’abatangabuhamya batanzwe n’uruhande rw’Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko baranzwe no kwivuguruza, kuvuguruzanya no kwisubiraho, bitewe n’uko bahatirwaga cyangwa bingingirwaga guhamya ibintu bitabayeho. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Icyaha cyo gucura umugambi wo gukora jenoside ni icyaha gikorwa k’ubwumvikane bw’abantu babiri cyangwa benshi bugamije gukora jenoside, uyikora cyangwa abayikora bakaba bafite ubushake bwihariye bwo kurimbura itsinda ry’abantu bose cyangwa bamwe muri bo bahuriye ku bwenegihugu, ku bwoko, ibara ry’uruhu cyangwa ku idini bazira icyo bari cyo.

2. Kuba icyitso muri jonoside ni ugukora ibikorwa bifatika bigize icyaha cya jenoside, ubikora akabikora afasha undi mu gukora icyaha cy’ibanze kandi akamufasha azi neza ibyo arimo gukora, nubwo atari ngombwa ko aba afite umugambi wo gukora jenoside nk’ufitwe n’uwo wakoze icyo cyaha cy’ibanze.

Page 2

Uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucura umugambi wa jenoside n’icyo kuba icyitso muri jenoside. Uregwa ahanishijwe igihano cy’imyaka makubiri n’itanu (25). Amategeko yashingiweho: La Revision du 18/01/1996 de la Loi Fondamentale (J.O., 1996, n° 3 du 1er février 1996), le 2ème, 3ème, 4ème alinéa de l’article 12 de la Constitution du 10 juin 1991. Itegeko Ngenga No 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho Igitabo cy’amategeko ahana, ingingo ya 98, 132 n’iya 762. Amasezerano Mpuzamahanga yo ku wa 09/12/1948 arebana no gukumira no guhana icyaha cya jenoside, u Rwanda rwashyizeho umukono ku wa 12/02/1975, ingingo ya 3. Amasezerano mpuzamahanga yerekeye uburenganzira mu by’imbonezamubano no mu bya politique, ingingo ya 15. Amasezerano y’ibihugu by’iburayi y’uburenganzira bwa muntu, ingingo ya 7. Itegeko-Teka N° 21/77 ryo ku wa 18 Kanama 1977 ryerekeye Igitabo cy’Amategeko ahana, ingingo ya 91. Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, ingingo ya 48, 107 n’iya 108. Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2, 20, 92, 93, 106 n’iya 335. Itegeko Nº 47/2013 ryo ku wa 16/06/2013 rigena kwimurira imanza muri Repubulika y’u Rwanda, ingingo ya 8. Itegeko Ngenga No 04/2012/OL ryo ku wa 15/06/2012 rikuraho inkiko Gacaca rikanagena uburyo bwo gukemura ibibazo byari mu bubasha bwazo, ingingo ya

8. Itegeko No 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, ingingo ya 62, 65 n’iya 119. Imanza zifashishijwe: RS/INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/SC Kabasinga Florida c/ Leta y’u Rwanda rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 04/12/2019. RS/REV/INJUST/PEN 0001/17/CS-RP 0001/2017/SC Bahirwe Geoffrey c/ Mukagatoya Marie rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 13/04/2017. RPAA 00032/2019/CA MP c/ Nzafashwanimana Jean de Dieu rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/02/2020. RPA/GEN 0001/15/CS MP c/ Bandora Charles rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 22/03/2019 igika cya 53. Arret Croatia c/ Serbie sur L’ Application de la Convention pour la prévention et la repression du crime de genocide du 3 février 2015, Cour Internationale de Justice, p.46, par. 87. 500-10-004416-093 (500-73-002500-052) Munyaneza C.R du 7/05/2014, par. 26 ICTR-98-44D-T, Le Procureur c./Nzabonimana, du 31 Mai 2012, P. 385, par 1740. ICTR-2000-61-T, Le Procureur c/ Jean Baptiste Gatete, 31 Mars 2011, p.43, par.130. ICTR-98-42-T, le Procureur c/ Nyiramasuhuko Pauline et crts du 24 Juin 2011, P. 1645, par.

5655. ICTR-97-31-T., The Prosecutor v. Renzaho Tharcisse, 14 July 2009, para.183. ICTR-2001-72-T, Le Procureur c/ Bikindi Simon du 02/12/2008, para.

32. ICTR-98-41-T, Le Procureur c. Théoneste Bagosora et consorts, 18/12/2008, p.234, par.

642. ICTR-99-52-A, Le Procureur c/ Nahimana Ferdinand et crts, 28 novembre 2007, p. 347 et ss, par.894. Blagojevic and Jokic, (Trial Chamber), January 17, 2005, par.

639. Le Procureur c/ Emamnuel Ndindabahizi; ICTR-2001-71-T du 15/07/2004 Para.

457. Le procureur c/ Juvénal Kagelijeli, ICTR-98-44A-Tdu 1er Décembre 2003, Para.

768. ICTR-96-13-T, Le Procureur contre Alfred Musema du 27 janvier 2000, par.

43. The Prosecutor V. Akayezu, ICTR-96-4-T of 2nd September 1998, par. 527.

Page 3

ICTR-96-I 0-A et ICTR-96-17-A, Le Procureur c/ Elisaphan Ntakirutimana et Gérard Ntakirutimana, para.

364. Arrêt IT-04-84-A. Haradinaj et al, par.

219. ICTR-95-1-T Kayishema Clément et Ruzindana Obed. Inyandiko z’abahanga zifashishijwe: M. Cherif Bassiouni, Introduction au droit international, Bruylant Bruxelles, 2001, P.75-76. Kenneh G. Levitt, University of Minnesota Law School, 1992, p 1018. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Muri Segiteri Nyakabanda kimwe n’ahandi hose mu gihugu, muri Mata 1994 habaye ibitero binyuranye byishe abatutsi bibasanze mu ngo zabo, kuri za bariyeri n’ahandi bari barahungiye. Ababigizemo uruhare bamwe bakurikiranwe n’inkiko zisanzwe n’izihariye nk’inkiko Gacaca, abandi bakurikiranwa n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda ndetse n’inkiko z’ibihugu bahungiyemo, hakaba hari n’abagishakishwa. Mugimba Jean Baptiste wari utuye muri iyo segiteri Selire ya Kabuguru mu mazu y’abakozi ba Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda aho nawe yakoraga ari mu bashakishwaga. Uretse kuba yarakoraga muri iyo Banki yari n’umunyamabanga mukuru w’agateganyo w’ishyaka rya CDR1 ku rwego rw’igihugu. [2] Mugimba Jean Baptiste yari yarahungiye mu gihugu cy’Ubuholandi, bigeze mu Gushyingo 2012 Ubushinjacyaha bw’u Rwanda busaba ko icyo gihugu kimufata, akoherezwa kugira ngo aburanishwe n’inkiko z’u Rwanda ku byaha birebana na jenoside, ibyibasiye inyoko muntu no kurema umutwe w’abagizi ba nabi akekwaho. Ku wa 11/07/2014, urukiko rwo mu Buholandi (The Hague Court District) rwafashe icyemezo cy’uko Mugimba Jean Baptiste

yoherezwa kuburanira mu Rwanda maze ku wa 03/06/2015, Minisiteri y’umutekano n’ubutabera y’icyo gihugu ishingiye kuri icyo cyemezo no ku byo u Rwanda rwiyemeje kubahiriza (guarantees) iramwohereza kugira ngo aburanishwe ku byaha bikubiye mu rwandiko mpuzamahanga rwo kumufata, inavuga ko atoherejwe kuburanishwa ku cyaha cyo kurema umutwe w’abagizi ba nabi kubera ko kidateganywa n’amasezerano arebana n’icyaha cya jenoside2. [3] Mugimba Jean Baptiste ageze mu Rwanda, ubushinjacyaha bwamuregeye uru Rugereko ruburanisha ibyaha mpuzamahanga n’ibyaha byambuka imbibi busobanura ko ku wa 08/04/1994 yakoresheje inama iwe mu rugo yigiwemo ibyo kwica abatutsi, ikorerwamo amalisiti yabo, hemezwa ishyirwaho za zabariyeri n’uburyo haboneka imbunda zo gukoresha muri ubwo bwicanyi. Yanarezwe kuba mu bantu batoje ibya gisirikare urubyiruko rw’ishyaka rya CDR, abakwirakwije intwaro, abayoboye ibitero ahantu hatandukanye muri segiteri Nyakabanda no mu nkengero zayo, ndetse anaba mu bashishikarije banakangurira abandi ibikorwa byo kwica abatutsi no kuba ari mu bashinze iradiyo ya RTLM yashishikarizaga abantu gukora jenoside. Bukavuga ko ibyo bikorwa bigize icyaha cya jenoside, gucura umugambi wo gukora jenoside, ubufatanyacyaha mu gukora jenoside no gushishikariza abantu gukora jenoside ariko mu iburanisha ry’ urubanza mu mizi buvuga ko bumukurikiranyeho gusa icyaha cyo kuba icyitso cy’ abakoze jenoside n’icyo gucura umugambi wo gukora jenoside.

1 Coalition pour la défense de la République (CDR). 2 The extradition was refused for the facts as described in count 7 of indictment as mentioned under 1.2, given that Netherlands laws, this fact constitutes an offence under general criminal law (….) which the Genocide Convention does not apply to.

Page 4

[4] Mugimba Jean Baptiste we ahakana ibyaha aregwa avuga ko nta bimenyetso ubushinjacyaha bushingiraho ibyaha bumurega, ko ikibigaragaza ari uko atigeze akurikiranwa n’inkiko Gacaca kubera ko mu gihe cy’ikusanyamakuru ryazo atigeze avugwa mu bantu bagize uruhare mu iyicwa ry’abatutsi muri segiteri ya Nyakabanda yari atuyemo ndetse akaba ataranashyizwe ku rutonde rw’Umushinjacyaha mukuru rwasohokaga mu igazeti ya Leta rw’abakekwagaho gukora jenoside. [5] Mbere yo gutangira kuburanisha urubanza mu mizi, urukiko rubisabwe n’Ubushinjacyaha, runashingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 8 y’Itegeko Ngenga No 04/2012/OL ryo ku wa 15/06/2012 rikuraho inkiko Gacaca rikanagena uburyo bwo gukemura ibibazo byari mu bubasha bwazo rwatesheje agaciro icyemezo cy’Urukiko gacaca rw’ubujurire rw’umurenge wa Nyarugunga cyemeje ko Mug.imba Jean Baptiste ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusahura. [6] Mu iburanisha ry’urubanza ababuranyi batanze abatangabuhamya babo barahamagazwa, maze buri ruhande ruhabwa umwanya wo kubaza abatangabuhamya ku buryo butaziguye (cross examination), Urukiko narwo rugira ibyo rubabaza mu rwego rwo kurushaho gusobanukirwa n’ibijyanye n’ubuhamya bwatanzwe. Bamwe mu batangabuhamywa babajijwe barindiwe umutekano, bahawe amazina atuma batamenyekana n’amajwi yabo yahinduwe, abandi babarizwa mu ruhame. [7] Ibibazo bigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza akaba ari ukumenya niba Mugimba Jean Baptiste

yarakoresheje inama iwe mu rugo zicurirwamo umugambi wo gukora jenoside no kumenya niba Mugimba Jean Baptiste yaratanze inkunga ya ngombwa imugira icyitso muri jenoside. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA 1. Kumenya niba Mugimba Jean Baptiste yarakoresheje inama iwe mu rugo zicurirwamo umugambi wo gukora jenoside - Imiburanire y’Ubushinjacyaha [8] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Mugimba Jean Baptiste nk’umunyamabanga mukuru w’ishyaka rya CDR, akanaba nyumbakumi mu mazu ya BNR aho yari atuye, yagiye akoresha inama iwe mu rugo mbere ya 1994, zarangira abatutsi bagahohoterwa. Bunavuga ko by’ umwihariko bigeze ku wa 08/04/1994 hagati ya saa mbili na saa yine za mu gitondo, iwe mu rugo yahakoreshereje inama igamije kwiga uburyo abatutsi bagomba kwicwa, ko iyo nama yitabiriwe n’abantu batandukanye barimo Mbarushimana Callixte, Mugenzi Joseph, Mudahinyuka Jean Marie Vianney alias Zuzu, Twagira Oreste, Rwagahungu Innocent, Niyibizi Alphonse, Kivuta Regero Innocent, abasirikari barimo Koloneli Hakizimana Edouard wari uyoboye ingabo mu karere k’imirwano ka Nyamirambo n’abaliyetona barimo Kanyamuhanda na Museruka, abakonseye ba segiteri Nyakabanda, Biryogo, Gitega na Nyamirambo, ko yari inarimo abahagarariye interahamwe n’impuzamugambi bo muri ayo masegiteri nka Ndahayo Godefroid wa Nyakabanda, Habyarimana wa Nyamirambo, Zuberi wa Biryogo na Stanley wa Gitega. [9] Buvuga kandi ko muri iyo

nama ariho hacuriwe umugambi wo kwica abatutsi, hakorwa amalisiti y’abagomba kwicwa, Mugimba Jean Baptiste ubwe atanga izina rya Ndungutse Jean Bosco bakoranaga muri BNR, anasaba Koloneli Hakizimana Edouard kumuha imbunda zo gukoresha muri Nyakabanda, banumvikana ko hashyirwaho bariyeri zo gutangira abatutsi no kubaka ibyangombwa mu ma masegiteri ya Nyakabanda, Nyamirambo, Biryogo na Gitega, hanigwa uburyo haboneka imbunda zo gukoresha. [10] Bukomeza buvuga ko ibyo gutumiza iyo nama yo ku wa 08/04/1994 yabikoze kubera ko mu gihe jenoside yakorwaga nta tegeko rigendanye n’imikorere y’ubuyobozi bwa Leta ryari ricyubahirizwa cyane cyane iyo byarebanaga no kwica abatutsi kuko umuntu wese wabaga abifitemo umwete

Page 5

n’umurava yashoboraga gutumiza abantu akabaha amabwiriza, by’umwihariko Mugimba Jean Baptiste we akaba yari n’umunyamabanga mukuru w’ishyaka rya CDR ku rwego rw’igihugu byumvikanisha ko yashoboraga kumvwa aho yari atuye. [11] Bunavuga ko ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Mugimba Jean Baptiste yakoresheje iyo nama ari imvugo z’ababajijwe mu iperereza barimo abavuze ko bari muri iyo nama, bavuga abo bari kumwe, ibyayivugiwemo birebana no gukora lisiti y’abagombaga kwicwa, gushyiraho bariyeri, gusaba imbunda no kuba ari Mugimba Jean Baptiste watumije iyo nama aranayiyobora, ko rero ubwumvikane bwabereye muri iyo nama ari bwo bwabaye intandaro yo kwica abatutsi bari batuye muri segiteri ya Nyakabanda. [12] Busoza buvuga ko mu rwego rw’amategeko ibyo bikorwa bigize icyaha cyo gucura umugambi wo gukora jenoside gisobanurwa nk’ ubwumvikane hagati y’abantu babiri cyangwa benshi bugamije gukora jenoside bikozwe n’umwe cyangwa benshi muri bo kandi bafite ubushake bwihariye bwo kurimbura itsinda ry’abantu bose cyangwa bamwe muri bo bahuriye ku bwenegihugu, ku bwoko, ku ibara ry’uruhu no ku idini nk’uko byagiye binasobanurwa mu manza zaciwe n’Inkiko mpanabyaha mpuzamahanga. - Imyiregurire ya Mugimba Jean Baptiste [13] Mugimba Jean Baptiste yunganiwe na Me Gatera Gashabana na Me Baragondoza Jean Damascène ahakana ibivugwa n’ubushinjacyaha by’uko yatumije inama iwe mu rugo, aranayiyobora, icurirwamo

umugambi wo kwica abatutsi, ikorerwamo lisiti y’abagomba kwicwa, yemerezwamo ishingwa rya za bariyeri, inasabirwamo imbunda kuko nta bimenyetso bifatika ubushinjacyaha bwatanze bigaragaza ko iyo nama yabayeho. Anavuga ko n’ibazwa rya bamwe mu batangabuhamya mu iperereza ritakurikije amategeko kuko hari ababajijwe kandi barahamwe n’ icyaha cya jenoside. [14] Akomeza avuga ko nta n’ububasha yari afite bwo gutumiza inama ngo izemo abayobozi ba gisivile n’abagisirikare kuko nta rwego rw’ubuyobozi yari ahagarariye, ko atari na « nyumbakumi » muri zone ya BNR, selire ya Kabuguru, segiteri ya Nyakabanda nk’uko ubushinjacyaha bubivuga kuko icyo gihe uwari nyumbakumi ari uwitwa Kwitonda Thadée, ko atari no kuyitumiza mu rwego rw’ishyaka yarimo rya CDR ngo narangiza ayitumiremo interahamwe z’ishyaka rya MRND n’abasirikare atari afiteho ijambo. Anasobanura ko kuri iyo tariki ya 08/04/1994 atari gukoresha inama kuko ari wo munsi we n’umuryango we bavuye aho bari batuye i Nyamirambo mu mazu ya BNR bajya gucumbika mu Kiyovu, aho baje kuva bajya iwabo ku Gisenyi. [15] Kubirebana n’ibimenyetso,avuga ko umutangabuhamya wahawe izina rya DAM ari we wenyine uvuga iby’iyo nama ariko ko ibyo avuga bidakwiye guhabwa agaciro kuko mu mabaruwa yandikiye inkiko Gacaca muri 2005 no muri 2007 yemera ibyaha yakoze agaragaza abo babikoranye ariko ko atigeze amuvuga cyangwa ngo avuge iby’iyo nama yo ku wa

08/04/1994, ko bitumvikana rero uburyo nyuma yahindura imvugo akamushinja nk’uwo bari kumwe muri iyo nama cyane cyane ko hari n’abandi batangabuhamya barimo Kivuta Regero Innocent na Imananibishaka Jean Berchmans alias Sukari bivugwa ko bari muri iyo nama bemeje ko itabayeho. [16] Anavuga ko ikindi kigaragaza ko iyo nama itabayeho ari uko uwo mutangabuhamya w’ubushinjacyaha wahawe izina rya DAM bushingiraho wemeza ko yari muri iyo nama avuga ko nta mukonseye wari uyirimo mu gihe ikirego cyabwo kigaragaza ko inama bumurega yarimo abakonseye, ko ikindi kandi amasaha ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko iyo nama yabereyeho bikaba bitari gushoboka kuko nk’uko bigaragara mu rubanza rwa Renzaho Tharcisse rwaciwe n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda ku wa 14/07/2009 havugwamo ko ku wa 08/04/1994 Renzaho yayoboye inama y’umutekano kuri perefegitura irimo Amri Karekezi wari konseye wa segiteri

Page 6

ya Biryogo na Célestin Sezibera wari uwa segiteri Nyamirambo mu masaha amwe3 n’ayo ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko nawe yari yatumije inama iwe mu rugo irimo abo bakonseye. [17] Mugimba Jean Baptiste anavuga ko ikusanyamakuru ry’inkiko Gacaca ryabereye muri segiteri Nyakabanda ritigeze rigaragaza ko hari uruhare yagize mu bwicanyi bwahabaye, ko na Komisiyo y’igihugu ishinzwe kurwanya jenoside mu ibaruwa yo ku wa 26/01/2017 isubiza iy’ubushinjacyaha bwayisabaga amakuru ku byaha bya jenoside yakekwagaho gukorera mu cyahoze ari segiteri Nyakabanda mu Mujyi wa Kigali, yasubije ko nta makuru imufiteho. [18] Avuga na none ko ikindi gishimangira ko atagizeuruhare mu byo bamurega ari uko atigeze ashyirwa ku rutonde rw’abantu bakekwagaho icyaha cya jenoside rwasohorwaga buri mwaka n’Umushinjacyaha mukuru, ko nta n’indi myitwarire mibi yagize kuko yagiye ahabwa pasiporo y’u Rwanda, ko rero asanga ikirego cy’ubushinjacyaha gishingiye ku mwanya yari afite mu ishyaka rya CDR aho gushingira ku bikorwa yakoze ku giti cye, ko anasanga gishingiye ku bugambanyi yakorewe n’abashakaga kumutwarira imitungo, bamureze muri Gacaca kubasahura bamubeshyera. Anavuga ko ibisobanuro ubushinjacyaha butanga ku cyaha cyo gucura umugambi wo gukora jenoside bwifashishije imanza zaciwe n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda zirimo urubanza rwa Nahimana na bagenzi be buvuga ko ari abayobozi ba CDR nka

we, nta gaciro byahabwa kuko ibikorwa aregwa bidahura n’ibisobanuro byatanzwe n’urwo rukiko kuri icyo cyaha uretse ko nabyo byateshejwe agaciro ku rwego rw’ubujurire. [19] Asoza avuga ko atagombye no gukurikiranwa hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’Itegeko Ngenga No 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’ amategeko ahana, kubera ko ibyaha akurikiranyweho byakozwe mbere y’uko iryo tegeko rijyaho, bityo akaba asanga ikirego cy’ubushinjacyaha kinyuranyije n’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda n’amahame mpuzamahanga arebana n’uko ntawe uhanirwa ibyo amategeko y’igihugu cyangwa mpuzamahanga atafataga nk’icyaha igihe byakorwaga. Yongeraho ko n’u Rwanda rutubahirije amasezerano mpuzamahanga yo ku wa 09/12/1948 arebana no gukumira no guhana icyaha cya jenoside rwashyizeho umukono kuko rutashyizeho itegeko rihana icyaha cya jenoside, bivuze ko mu 1994 igihe jenoside yakorerwaga abatutsi nta bihano byari biteganyirijwe icyo cyaha, ko rero hashingiwe ku ihame ry’uko ibyaha n’ibihano bigomba kuba biteganyijwe n’itegeko n’uko nta tegeko risubira inyuma mu guhana ibikorwa byakozwe mbere y’uko rijyaho, asanga atakurikiranwa ku bikorwa aregwa bitari bigize icyaha mu 1994. - Ubuhamya bwatanzwe ku nama zivugwa ko Mugimba Jean Baptiste yagizemo uruhare [20] Mu batangabuhamya babajijwe mu rukiko harimo abemeza ko ku wa 08/04/1994, Mugimba Jean Baptitse yakoresheje inama iwe mu rugo

yacuriwemo umugambi wo kwica abatutsi n’abandi bavuga ko nta nama bazi yahabereye. [21] Mu bemeza ko iyo nama yabayeho igacurirwamo umugambi wo kwica abatutsi harimo umutangabuhamya DAM, wahawe iri zina kubera kurindirwa umutekano. Mu buhamya bwe mu rukiko yavuze ko ku wa 08/04/1994 yazindukiye ku biro bya segiteri agiye gutanga ibyangombwa ku bantu bari barataye indangamuntu, bigeze nka saa moya n’igice uwitwa Nkamirabashaka Sostène aza kumubwira ko Mugimba Jean Baptiste amushaka iwe, ajyayo ahagera saa moya n’iminota mirongo itatu n’itanu (7h35), ahasanga abantu bari mu nzu bagera kuri cumi na babiri (12) barimo Koloneli

3 ICTR-97-31-T., The Prosecutor v. Renzaho Tharcisse, 14 July 2009, para.183: “Le 8 avril 1994, il avait participé à une réunion du Comité urbain de crise vers 9 heures. Ensuite, selon ses propres termes, il avait assisté à une réunion de sécurité du Conseil urbain, de 9 h 30 à 14 heures. Étaient présents à cette seconde réunion Renzaho lui-même, les bourgmestres Munyansanga et Pierre-Claver Nyirinkwaya, le major de gendarmerie, Ngirabatware, ainsi que les conseillers qui étaient disponibles, notamment Amri Karekezi et Célestin Sezibera”,

Page 7

Hakizimana Edouard, Dr Mugenzi Joseph, Mbarushimana Callixte wakoraga muri PNUD, Kivuta Regero Innocent, Kigingi Habyarimana wari interahamwe, Rwagahungu Innocent wari resiponsabule wa selire ya Kabuguru, Sakabaka wabaga kwa Ngenzi, Zakariya umuhungu wa Rwatambuga, Mudahinyuka Jean Marie Vianney alias Zuzu, Nyabyenda,Twahirwa n’abandi benshi bagera ku munani (8) bari hanze barinze abari mu nzu, ko nka saa mbili mugimba Jean Baptiste yabakoresheje inama yagejeje nka saa yine n’igice, ko uretse we wari uhagarariye konseye wa Nyakabanda, nta wundi mukonseye wari uyirimo. [22] Yakomeje avuga ko icyo iyo nama yari igamije kwari ukubwirwa ko indege ya Perezida Habyarimana yahanuwe, ko bagomba kwirwanaho bakarwanya ibyitso n’uko bugarijwe n’inkotanyi, ko icyo gihe Mugimba Jean Baptitse yasabye Koloneli Hakizimana Edouard wari muri iyo nama imbunda zo kwirinda bakarwanya abatutsi, hanakorwa amalisiti y’abagomba kwicwa barimo abatutsi bitaga ibyitso n’abahutu batavugaga rumwe n’ishyaka rya MRND, ko buri wese mu bari mu nama yatangaga izina ry’uwagombaga kwicwa, Mugimba Jean Baptiste avuga Ndungutse Jean Bosco, Higiro Isaie na Dogiteri Emmanuel wakoraga muri ONAPO, ko nawe ubwe yatanze amazina y’abandi barimo umuryango wa Bagabo Dany, Mukakimenyi na Kayibanda kandi ko nyuma abavuzwe baje kwicwa. Yasobanuye ko uwakoze lisiti yandika amazina ari Niyibizi Alphonse, ko arangije yayihaye

Mugimba Jean Baptiste, uyu nawe ayiha uwitwa Kigingi. Yanavuze ko n’ubwo yari umuyobozi muri segiteri ya Nyakabanda, yitabiriye iyo nama yatumijwe na Mugimba Jean Baptiste kuko uyu yari afite ububasha nka nyumbakumi wamuyoboraga, akaba yari n’umunyabwenge wari muri comité de crise yarimo abantu bize bunganiraga abakonseye mu gukora ubwicanyi yashyizweho ku wa 30/04/1994, akaba yari n’umunyamabanga mukuru w’ishyaka rya CDR, ko bakoranaga kuko MRND na CDR bari bamwe. [23] Hari n’umutangabuhamya DFM nawe wahawe iri zina kubera kurindirwa umutekano, atanga ubuhamya mu rukiko wavuze ko iby’uko ku wa 08/04/1994 Mugimba Jean Baptiste yatumiye iwe mu rugo inama yitabirwa n’abantu benshi barimo abitwa Kigingi, Niyibizi Alphonse na Koloneli Hakizimana yabibwiwe n’abantu bakoranaga bari bayirimo, ko yanayibwiwe na resiponsabule wa selire witwa Kaboneye Théoneste n’uwitwa Nyirimanzi Grégoire abasanze imbere ya sitade i Nyamirambo ari kumwe n’abaturage bavugiraga rimwe ko abantu bahiciwe biturutse ku nama yabereye kwa Mugimba Jean Baptiste no ku nterahamwe yitwaga Zuzu. [24] Mu bavuze ko nta nama bazi yabereye kwa Mugimba Jean Baptiste harimo Nyabyenda Jean Marie Vianney watanze amakuru mu rukiko kuko yahanishijwe igifungo cya burundu, yavuze ko mu gihe cya jenoside nta hantu na hamwe yigeze ahurira na Mugimba Jean Baptiste, ko uyu atigeze anaba nyumbakumi cyangwa resiponsabule aho yari

atuye mu mazu ya BNR. Yanavuze ko nta n’inama yabereye iwe ku wa 08/04/1994 azi, ko icyo yibuka yanasobanuriye ubushinjacyaha abazwa ari uko kuri iyo tariki ku kabari k’uwitwa Musonera mu kagari ka Munanira segiteri ya Nyakabanda aho abayobozi b’ishyaka rya CDR n’irya MRND bateraniraga, bakahita kuri Etat Major y’interahamwe habereye inama yari yatumijwe na Ntamfurayishyari yarimo Koloneli Hakizimana Edouard wayoboraga akarere k’imirwano ka Kigali, Liyetona Kanyamuhanda wari murumuna wa Ntamfurayishyari, Liyetona Musekura, Liyetona Kamali, Liyetona Baziruwiha, Serija Majoro Protogène, ko hari n’abahoze ari abasirikare nka Rwamparage Pierre wari sebukwe wa Koloneli Ndekezi, Kabananiye Eustache, Kaboneye Théoneste wari Resiponsabule w’Akagali ka Kabuguru kugeza 1994, hari n’Interahamwe zatorejwe i Gabiro, Kajuga Robert n’abayobozi b’interahamwe za Nyakabanda, Biryogo,Gitega na Nyamirambo, ko iyo nama ariyo yateguriwemo ubwicanyi bwabereye mu Nyakabanda nyuma yo gufatirwamo icyemezo cyo kwegeranya urubyiruko rutagiye mu myitozo y’interahamwe, icyo gutanga amalisiti y’abatutsi yakozwe na baresiponsabule b’amaselire n’uko interahamwe zari zivuye mu myitozo i Gabiro zagombaga kwifatanya n’abasirikare kujya mu bwicanyi no gutoza urubyiruko mu cyiswe défense civile, ko nta ruhare azi Mugimba Jean Baptiste yagize mu ifatwa ry’ibyo byemezo. Yanavuze ko amakuru y’iyo nama yayamenyeye muri Gereza bari mu ikusanyamakuru.

Page 8

[25] Nyabyenda Jean Marie Vianney yanavuze kandi ko muri iyo nama hakorezwe amalisiti y’abatutsi bagombaga kwicwa, hatangwa imbunda, zishyirwa kuri za bariyeri hirya no hino, Ntamfurayishyari asaba Koloneli Hakizimana izindi ntwaro ziyongera ku zo bari bafite nawe yemera kuzitanga, anasaba interahamwe kujya gufatanya na bamwe mu basirikare yari ayoboye, maze we n’abasirikare bafatanije n’interahamwe bahaguruka muri iyo nama bagera kuri magana abiri (200) bagaba ibitero mu bigo by’abihayimana bitandukanye, kuri Saint André, Paruwasi Karoli Lwanga, ku kigo cy’abasaveri i Nyamirambo n’icy’abafurere b’abajosefite, bica abaturage bari bahahungiye, bahava bajya kuri Sitade i Nyamirambo, kuri hoteli Baobab, bajya no kwica abatutsi bari bakiri mu ngo zabo, ko ibyo bitero byakomeje kugera ku wa 11/04/1994 ariko ko atigeze abibonamo Mugimba Jean Baptiste. [26] Umutangabuhamya Murasandonyi Augustin nawe atanga ubuhamya mu rukiko yavuze ko inama zaberaga ku murenge wa Nyakabanda zayoborwaga na Robert Kajuga na Nyirimanzi Grégoire bakazitangiramo imbunda, zigahabwa interahamwe, ko we nta nama yigeze ajyamo, ko ahubwo yabonaga abazivuyemo ariko ko nta nama azi yabereye hafi yo kwa Mugimba Jean Baptiste. [27] Umutangabuhamya DIM wahawe iri zina kubera kurindirwa umutekano, atanga ubuhamya mu rukiko we yavuze ko ku wa 07 no ku wa 08/04/1994 mu Nyakabanda hagiye habera utunama tw’udutsiko, ko

ku wa 08/4/1994 kuri Segiteri Nyakabanda habereye inama ariko ko atazi uwayiyoboye n’isaha yabereyeho kuko atayigiyemo, ko abayivagamo ari bo bazaga bababwira kujya ku marondo. Yanavuze ko hari inama yabaye ku wa 08/04/1994 mu ma saa yine iberamo igikorwa cyo kwimika Konseye Nyirimanzi Grégoire ariko ko yabonye umugabo wari uyiyoboye atamuzi, ko abayikoreshaga banakanguriye abaturage gushakisha ibyitso, anavuga ko we nta nama azi Mugimba Jean Baptiste yagiyemo kuko no muri Gacaca yagiyemo nta n’imwe yigeze yumva bavuga inama yayoboye. [28] Mugabire Jean de Dieu atanga ubuhamya mu rukiko yavuze ko inama zo gutanga imbunda zaberaga ku murenge, ko yanumvaga bavuga ko hari inama zaberaga mu ngo ariko ko ntayakoreshejwe na Mugimba Jean Baptiste azi. Yanavuze ko ibikorwa azi Mugimba Jean Baptiste yakoze ari uko yari umuntu ukomeye muri CDR, ko iyo habaga imyigaragambyo ikomeye, kimwe n’igihe Bucyana yicwaga bamujyanaga kumurindira umutekano, ko yanamubonye mu gutangiza mitingi ya CDR kuri sitade i Nyamirambo ariko ko atamenye niba hari ijambo yahavugiye kuko we yahise ataha kuko yari yajyanywe yo no kureba ishyaka ryadutse. [29] Umutangabuhamya DJM atanga ubuhamya mu rukiko we yavuze ko mu gihe cya jenoside yabonye Mugimba Jean Baptiste inshuro imwe gusa ku Gitega ari ku itariki ya 08/04/1994 saa mbili n’igice cyangwa saa tatu ubwo yari aje iwabo azanye abana be kwa se avuga ko aho

atuye hari umutekano muke, ko icyo gihe we n’umuryango we bari mu modoka, inyuma yayo hari indi irimo umumajoro n’abandi basirikari babiri (2), Mugimba Jean baptiste abwira se ko abo basirikari bashobora kumuherekeza, bakamutambutsa kuri za bariyeri bakamugeza i Gisenyi. [30] Umutangabuhamya DKM, wahawe iryo zina kubera kurindirwa umutekano, atanga ubuhamya mu rukiko we yavuze ko ku wa 08/04/1994 saa yine ari bwo yabonye Mugimba Jean Baptiste mu gipangu aho yabaga aje kubishyuza amafaranga y’ubukode, ko ahagera yari mu modoka y’umukara ari kumwe n’abana be batatu (3) n’umugore we, inyuma hari indi modoka irimo umusirikari uherekejwe n’abandi basirikari batatu (3) ariko ko atitaye kumenya impamvu yari kumwe nabo kubera ko yari afite ubwoba, ko nyuma y’icyo gihe atongeye kumubona. Yanavuze ko yabwiwe n’uwitwa Mama Shadia ko mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi Mugimba Jean Baptiste atari muri Kigali, ko yagiye i Gisenyi. [31] DBM watanze amakuru mu rukiko ahawe iryo zina kubera impamvu z’umutekano yemeza ko indege ya Habyarimana imaze kugwa yari kuri radiyo RTLM, ko haje uwitwa Manirareba Bernard wari ushinzwe interahamwe zo ku Gitega, azanye inkuru y’uko abayobozi ba MRND, CDR na Power bateraniye mu kigo cy’abasirikare barinda umukuru w’igihugu (Camp GP), anababwira ko bafashe

Page 9

icyemezo cyo guhaguruka bakica abatutsi batarabatanga ngo babice kandi ko Mugimba Jean Baptiste yari muri iyo nama. - Icyo Mugimba Jean Baptiste avuga ku buhamya bwatanzwe mu rukiko [32] Mugimba Jean Baptiste yunganiwe na Me Gatera Gashabana na Me Baragondoza Jean Damascene avuga ko muri rusange abatangabuhamya b’Ubushinjacyaha baranzwe no kwivuguruza, kuvuguruzanya no kwisubiraho, ko asanga byaratewe n’uko bahatirwaga cyangwa bingingirwaga guhamya ibintu bitabayeho, ko ikindi kigarara ari uko benshi muri bo bagaragaza ko bimwe mu bikubiye mu nyandikomvugo zabo zo mu iperereza atari bo babivuze. [33] Asobanura ko nk’ ubuhamya bwa DFM butashingirwaho nk’ikimenyetso kuko avuga ko yamumenye mu 1980 akora muri BNR kandi icyo gihe yarigaga mu gihugu cy’Ububiligi, ko n’ibyo avuga ko yamubonaga mu nama zitandukanye no kuri bariyeri bitera urujijo kuko hari aho avuga ko yamubonye kuri Hôtel des diplomates ahagararanye n’abayobozi agakeka ko bari kumwe mu nama, ahandi akavuga ko yamubonaga mu nama z’ishyaka rya CDR kandi ntayo bigeze bahuriramo, akaba atari no guhagararira iryo shyaka ku rwego rwa komini Nyarugenge, urwa perefegitura y’Umujyi wa Kigali ngo anarihagararire ku rwego rw’igihugu nkaho ari we wari urihagarariye muri izo nzego zose. Anavuga ko hari n’aho DFM avuga ko atigeze amubona yica umuntu cyangwa hari uwo ahohotera uretse kumubona kuri bariyeri yambaye imyenda ya

gisirikare, ko n’imodoka yo mu bwoko bwa Audi avuga yamubonyemo yigeze gutunga yari umutuku aho kuba umuhondo nk’uko abivuga. [34] Akomeza avuga ko umutangabuhamya wahawe izina rya DIM nawe nta kintu gifatika amushinja kuko atagaragaza ko hari ijambo yavugiye muri mitingi ya CDR yabereye kuri sitade i Nyamirambo kandi avuga ko bayihuriyemo, ko n’iby’urupfu rw’uwitwa Kabanda amushinja atari byo kuko uwo muntu atigeze aba umukozi wa BNR cyangwa ngo ature mu mazu yayo, uretse ko n’urupfu rwe ataruregwa. Anavuga ko icyo urukiko rwakwitaho ari icyo yavuze cy’uko lisiti z’abatutsi bagombaga kwicwa muri jenoside zaturukaga kuri segiteri zikozwe na Nyirimanzi Grégoire, ko ibyo bigaragaza ko nta lisiti z’abatutsi yakoresheje n’uko nta nama yabereye iwe mu rugo ku wa 08/04/1994 kuko avuga inama zaberaga kuri segiteri ya Nyakabanda. [35] Avuga kandi ko amakuru yatanzwe na DBM atashingirwaho kuko agenda yivuguruza, hamwe yemeza ikintu ariko yakongera kukibazwaho agahindura imvugo, nk’aho mu rukiko yivugiye ko ari Mugimba Jean Baptiste na Simbizi bazanaga amatangazo kuri RTLM, ahandi akavuga ko atari Mugimba Jean Baptiste wayazanaga ahubwo ko yazanwaga n’umupalanto, ko ibi byo kwivuguruza cyane byabaye impamvu yatumye mu rubanza rwa Nahimana Ferdinand rwaciwe n’Urukiko mpanabyaha mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda agaragazwa nk’utagomba kwizerwa kuko icyo gihe yabwiye urwo rukiko ko iyo

abazwa n’ubushinjacyaha abeshya kugira ngo yirengere. [36] Avuga nanone ko ubuhamya bwa DAM nabwo butashingirwaho nk’ikimenyetso cyemeza ko inama yo ku wa 08/04/1994 ivugwa ko yabereye mu rugo rwe yabayeho kuko avuga ko muri iyo nama nta mukonseye bigeze bayihuriramo mu gihe ubushinjacyaha bwo buvuga ko iyo nama yarimo abakonseye ba Nyakabanda, Biryogo, Gitega na Nyamirambo, ko rero inama ubushinjacyaha buvuga itandukanye n’iyo uwo mutangabuhamya avuga, ko ikindi kigaragaza ko iyo nama itabayeho ari uko umutangabuhamya avuga ko uwaje kumutumira mu nama yamusanze ari mu gikorwa cyo guha abaturage indangamuntu kandi kuri iyo tariki abanyarwanda bari basabwe kuguma mu ngo zabo, ko atanashoboye gusobanura aho inzu avuga yabereyemo inama yari iherereye kandi yemeza ko iyo nama yari ayirimo. [37] Anavuga ko ibindi bigaragaza ko iyo nama itabayeho ari ukuba DAM yemeza ko yari resiponsabule wa selire ya Kabuguru kandi Nyabyenda Jean Marie Vianney watanze amakuru mu rukiko we yemeza ko uwari resiponsabule wa selire Kabuguru ari uwitwa Kaboneye Théoneste,

Page 10

bishimangirwa n’ibyavuzwe mu rubanza rwa Renzaho Tharcisse rwaciwe n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahaga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda by’uko mbere y’itariki ya 14/04/1994 DAM yari umuntu utazwi mu nzego z’ubuyobozi bwa za selire zo muri segiteri Nyakabanda yo mu Mujyi wa Kigali kandi nawe atanga ubuhamya mu rukiko akaba yaravuze ko yasoreshaga mu isoko rya Nyamirambo no mu mabutiki yaho, ko n’ibyo avuga ko nawe yari nyumbakumi mu mazu ya BNR atari byo kuko bamwe mu babajijwe n’urukiko nka Nyabyenda n’abandi babajijwe n’ubutabera bwo mu gihugu cy’Ubuholandi bemeje ko uwari nyumbakumi ari Kwitonda Thadée, bihura n’ibiri mu rwandiko mpuzamahanga rwo gufata Kwitonda Thadée. [38] Anavuga ko n’ibyo umutangabuhamya DAM yavuze ko yamutanzeho amakuru mu nkiko gacaca atari byo kuko iperereza ryakozwe n’urukiko ryagaragaje ko ntabyo yamuvuzeho nk’uko yari yarabivuze mu buhamya bwe, ko inyandiko zakuwe muri iryo perereza zakozwe n’inkiko gacaca zigaragaza ko DAM yavuze gusa ko Mugimba Jean Baptiste yari umwe mu bagize comité de crise ya segiteri Nyakabanda kandi ko iyo komite itari igamije kwica ko we atanemera ko yabaye muri iyo comité de crise. Anavuga ko ibyavuye muri iryo perereza bitagaragaza ibirebana n’inama yo ku wa 08/04/1994 kuko abazwa ahaberaga inama yavuze ahandi hantu hatandukanye harimo ku makomini atatu (3) n’ahandi ariko atavuga ko hari inama yabereye kwa Mugimba Jean Baptiste, ko ku

bindi bikorwa aregwa birimo kujya mu bitero, kuri bariyeri, gutanga imbunda n’urupfu rwa Ndungutse Jean Bosco nabyo ntacyo yabivuzeho icyo gihe kuko n’izina rya Ndungutse Gaston riragaragara muri izo nyandiko ahanditse Mugimba Jean Baptiste asanga atari Ndungutse Jean Bosco wari utuye mu mazu ya BNR ari n’umukozi wayo utandukanye n’uwo Gaston utari uzwi muri Rwezamenyo akaba ari nayo mpamvu urukiko Gacaca rutamukurikiranye ku rupfu rwa Ndungutse. [39] Anavuga ko n’ubuhamya bwa Mugabire Jean de Dieu butashingirwaho kuko abazwa mu bugenzacyaha yavuze ko Mugimba Jean Baptise n’abaturanyi be aribo bagambaniye Ndungutse Jean Bosco kugira ngo yicwe ariko ageze mu bushinjacyaha arahindura avuga ko uyu yamutabaje amuhamagara mu izina, ageze mu rukiko avuga ko bamujyana yamutakambiye amubwira ko nyina ari we mututsikazi, ko ikindi ari uko ibyo avuga mu buhamya bwe binyuranye n’ibyavuzwe n’abandi batangabuhamya bemeza ko Ndungutse jean Bosco yarasiwe kuri bariyeri yari hafi y’akabari ka “Green corner” mu gihe we yemeza ko aticiwe kuri bariyeri kuko avuga ko iyo bariyeri yagiyeho nyuma y’iminsi ibiri yishwe, ko ibyo bigaragaza ko atamenye aho yiciwe n’igihe yiciwe. [40] Yongeraho ko n’umutangabuhamya Murasandonyi Augustin yanyomoje ubuhamya bwa Mugabire Jean de Dieu ku byerekeranye n’urupfu rwa Ndungutse Jean Bosco kuko we yemeza ko yarasiwe kuri bariyeri Mugimba Jean Baptiste adahari.

Anavuga ko n’ibyo uyu mutangabuhamya yari yaramushinje mu iperereza by’uko yamubonye kuri bariyeri afite umupanga yageze mu rukiko yemeza ko atigeze awumubonana, anavuga ko inama azi ari izaberaga kuri segiteri. Ku byerekeranye n’ubuhamya bwa Nkomeje Isaac, avuga ko ubushinjacyaha bwari bwamuzanye kugira ngo yemeze ko yamubonye mu bitero ariko nawe atanga ubuhamya mu rukiko yavuguruje ibikubiye mu nyandiko mvugo ye yo mu iperereza yemeza ko atigeze amubona mu bitero, asobanura ko iby’uko Mugimba Jean Baptiste yagiye mu bitero ari abantu bazaga kubimubwira, anavuga ko atigeze anumva ko hari inama yabereye mu rugo rwe. [41] Asoza avuga ko n’ibyo Nyabyenda Jean Marie Vianney yari yaramushinje abazwa n’Ubushinjacyaha birebana n’inama yo ku wa 08/04/1994 n’iby’uko yatoreje urubyiruko rw’interahamwe n’impuzamugambi mu kigo cya gisirikare cya Gabiro bitafatwaho ukuri kuko atanga amakuru mu rukiko yamushinjuye avuga ko iyo nama yo ku wa 08/04/1994 yabereye aho bitaga kuri Etat major y’interahamwe za Nyakabanda ku witwa Musonera, anasobanura ko impamvu yari yaravuze ko yabereye kwa Mugimba Jean Baptiste ari uko yashyizweho agahato kugira ngo akunde ashyire umukono ku nyandikomvugo y’ibazwa rye. - Icyo ubushinjacyaha buvuga ku buhamya bwatanzwe

Page 11

[42] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko uretse abatangabuhamya babajijwe mu rukiko, hari n’abandi babajijwe mu iperereza ari bo Mutegandege Charles, Mutamuriza Xaverine, Mugenzi Védaste, Kivuta Regero Innocent, Imanibishaka Jean Berchmans alias Sukari bavuze bishimangira ubuhamya bwatanzwe mu rukiko bw’uko Mugimba Jean Baptiste yakoresheje inama iwe mu rugo, kuko abo bagaragaza ko atigeze ava mu Mujyi wa Kigali kugeza mu kwezi kwa Kamena 1994 n’uko yari afite abasirikare bamurinda n’uko yajyaga mu bitero byishe abatutsi. [43] Buvuga kandi ko kubirebana n’ abatangabuhamya batanzwe na Mugimba Jean Baptiste muri rusange barangwa no kwivuguruza, ko nta n’ubumenyi bafite ku byo batanzeho ubuhamya mu rukiko birebana no kuba atari i Kigali mu gihe jenoside yakorwaga, ko rero busanga ibyo bavuze bitavuguruza ibimenyetso bishinja bwatanze bigaragaza ko mu gihe jenoside yakorwaga Mugimba Jean Baptiste yari i Kigali, ko muri abo batangabuhamya yatanze harimo nk’uwahawe izina rya DJM wavuze gusa ko yamubonye ku wa 08/04/1994 aje kureba se wari utuye ku Gitega, uyu akaba yaragiye anivuguruza kuko hamwe avuga ko atari azi aho Mugimba Jean Baptiste yari atuye ahandi akavuga ko yahajyanye na murumuna wa Mugimba Jean Baptiste ku wa 14/04/1994, nyuma aza kuhasubira izindi ncuro ebyiri mu kwezi kwa gatanu 1994, ko rero batari kujyayo batazi ko ahari, ko DKM we atashoboye kugaragaza ko Mugimba Jean Baptiste

atabaga muri Kigali kuko atanga ubuhamya icyo yemeje gusa ari uko ku wa 08/04/1994 yaje aho yari atuye kumwishyuza amafaranga y’ubukode bw’inzu aherekejwe n’abasirikare. [44] Buvuga kandi ko n’ibyo umutangabuhamya DLM yatanze avuga by’uko Mugimba Jean Baptiste yageze ku Gisenyi ku wa 13/04/1994, bahura ku wa 15/04/1994 maze afungurayo akabari ku wa 17/04/1994 ahita amuha ikiraka cyo kumugemurira ibitoki nabyo bitagaragaza ko atabaga muri Kigali, akaba nta n’akabare yafunguye ku Gisenyi kuko atigeze ava muri Kigali, ko kandi ibyo DLM avuga ko Mugimba Jean Baptiste yageze ku Gisenyi ku wa 13/04/1994 bivuguruzanya n’ibivugwa na DJM na DKM bavuga ko bamubonye i Kigali ku wa 08/04/1994 avuga ko agiye ku Gisenyi ariko Mugimba akaba adasobanura aho yari ari muri iyo minsi itandatu y’ikinyuranyo, ko bigaragaza ko yari i Kigali ndetse n’ibyo we yivugira bikaba bivuguruzanya n’ibivugwa n’abatangabuhamya yatanze. [45] Bukomeza buvuga ko n’ibivugwa na DNN nabyo nta shingiro byahabwa kuko atashoboye gusobanura uwasimbuye Mugimba Jean ku bunyamabanga bw’ishyaka rya CDR kandi ari cyo yari yamutangiye, ko n’ibyo avuga ko Mugimba Jean Baptiste yageze ku Gisenyi ku wa 13/04/1994 binyuranye n’ibyo Mugimba Jean Baptiste yivugira ko yavuye i Kigali ku wa 08/04/1994, hamwe avuga ko yagiye ku Gisenyi, ahandi akavuga ko yagiye mu Kiyovu, hakaba n’aho avuga ko yahungiye ku muturanyi. [46] Kuri

Nyabyenda Jean Marie Vianney Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko kuba mu rukiko yarahinduye ibyo yari yarashinje Mugimba Jean Baptiste mu iperereza busanga yarabitewe na ruswa Mugimba Jean Baptiste yamuhaye kugira ngo amushinjure, ko basanga kuba nta gahato yagaragaje ko yashyizweho mu iperereza ibyo yahavugiye ari byo byafatwaho ukuri kuko mu rukiko uretse kuba yarahawe ruswa yanaranzwe no kwivuguruza. [47] Bunavuga ko ibyo Mugimba Jean Baptiste anenga ubuhamya bwa DAM yitwaje ko ubwo yaburanaga muri Gacaca atavuze ibirebana n’inama yo ku wa 08/04/1994, nta gaciro byahabwa kuko urebye ibintu yabajijweho n’Urukiko Gacaca byari muri rusange kandi byose yarabisubije, akaba rero atari yahamagarijwe kubazwa by’umwihariko ku birebana n’inama yo ku itariki ya 08/04/1994 kandi kuba atarayivuzeho muri Gacaca bikaba bidakuraho kuba yarabayeho kuko abazwa mu iperereza no mu rukiko yayivuzeho, ko ikindi kandi amakuru ataravuzwe mu gihe cya Gacaca akaba atareka guhabwa agaciro igihe cyose atangiwe. [48] Bunavuga kandi ko n’ inyandiko za Gacaca urukiko rwavanye muri Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya jenoside mu gihe rwakoraga iperereza zigaragaza Mugimba Jean Baptiste uwo yari we mu 1994 kuko zigaragaza ko yari muri comité de crise yanakoze ibikorwa bitandukanye byo gushyira

Page 12

jenoside mu bikorwa birimo gutegura uko jenoside igomba gukorwa, gukora lisiti z’abagomba kwicwa, gushyiraho bariyeri, kwiga ibyerekeranye n’itangwa ry’imbunda, uburyo bwo kuyobora ibitero n’ibindi.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [49] Urukiko rusanga Ubushinjacyaha burega Mugimba Jean Baptiste icyaha cyo gucura umugambi wo gukora jenoside buvuga ko mbere ya 1994 yakoreshaga inama iwe mu rugo zitegura kwica abatutsi zazagamo abantu benshi barimo interahamwe, nyuma y’izo nama abatutsi bagakubitwa, bunamurega kuba yarakoresheje inama iwe mu rugo ku wa 08/04/1994 yateguriwemo kwica abatutsi yarimo abantu batandukanye barimo abasirikare, abakonseye b’amasegiteri Nyakabanda, Nyamirambo, Gitega na Biryogo, abaresiponsabule b’amaselire, interahamwe n’impuzamugambi, ko muri iyo nama hakorewemo lisiti y’abatutsi bagomba kwicwa, inemerezwamo gushyiraho za bariyeri zo gufasha mu bwicanyi, Mugimba Jean Baptiste anayisabiramo imbunda zo gukoresha muri ubwo bwicanyi. [50] Ibimenyetso bushingiraho bumurega icyo cyaha birimo ubuhamya bwatangiwe mu rukiko, imvugo z’ababajijwe mu iperereza n’inyandiko zinyuranye ziri muri dosiye zakoreshejwe hasabwa ko Mugimba Jean Baptiste yoherezwa kuburanira mu Rwanda, izigaragaza ko yari umurwanashyaka w’ishyaka rya CDR n’umunyamigabane wa radiyo RTLM n’isede (compact disk) yafatiweho amajwi n’amashusho agaragaza mitingi y’ishyaka rya CDR Mugimba Jean Baptiste yitabiriye. Urukiko rusanga Mugimba Jean Baptiste nawe yaratanze ibimenyetso bimushinjura birimo abatangabuhamya n’inyandiko zinyuranye zirimo kopi z’amabaruwa y’umutangabuhamya wahawe izina rya

DAM yandikikiye inkiko gacaca yirega anemera ibyaha n’ibindi. - Isesengura ry’ibikorwa bigize iki cyaha [51] Mu gusesengura ibyo bimenyetso, urukiko rurashingira ku ngingo z’amategeko zirebana n’itangwa ry’ibimenyetso zirimo ingingo ya 107 igika cya mbere y’Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha irebana n’ugomba gutanga ibimenyetso4, ingingo ya 625, 656 na 1197 z’Itegeko no 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo ndetse n’ingingo ya 108 y’Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryavuzwe8 zivuga ubuhamya icyo ari cyo, itangwa ryabwo n’uko buhabwa agaciro n’ibishingirwaho mu gutanga ibimenyetso. A. Kumenya niba Mugimba Jean Baptiste yarakoresheje inama iwe mu rugo zicurirwamo umugambi wo gukora jenoside

4 Ingingo ya 107 igika cya mbere y’Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha ivuga ko Ubushinjacyaha, uwakorewe icyaha cyangwa se abamufiteho uburenganzira iyo baregeye indishyi z’akababaro cyangwa biregeye umuburanyi, ni bo bagomba gutanga ibimenyetso byemeza icyaha. 5 Ingingo ya 62 y’Itegeko No 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo ivuga ko ubuhamya ni ibivugwa mu rukiko bivuzwe n’umuntu wabibonye cyangwa wabyiyumviye ubwe ku byerekeye ikiburanwa. 6 Ingingo ya 65 y’Itegeko No 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo ikavuga ko urukiko ni rwo rwonyine rupima ko imikirize y’abatangabuhamya ihuye n’ikiburanwa, ifite ingingo zikiranuye kandi ikaba ikwiye kwemerwa cyangwa guhakanwa. Ntirwitsitsa ku mubare w’abatangabuhamya. Rwita cyane cyane ku bumenyi bwabo bw’ibyabaye no ku buryo babivuga uko byagenze nta cyo bihimbira. 7 Ingingo ya 119 y’Itegeko No 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo ivuga ko mu manza nshinjabyaha, ibimenyetso bishingira ku mpamvu zose z’ibyabaye n’ibyemejwe n’amategeko, ababuranyi bapfa kuba barahawe uburyo bwo kuhaba ngo banyomozanye. Urukiko ruhamya ku buryo butavuguruzwa ko ibimenyetso byose birega cyangwa biregura ari byo kandi ko bishobora kwemerwa. 8 Ingingo ya 108 y’Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryavuzwe ivuga ko ibimenyetso bishobora gushingira ku mpamvu zose z’ibyabaye n’ibyemejwe n’amategeko, ababuranyi bapfa kuba barabigiyeho impaka. Urukiko ruhamya ku buryo butavuguruzwa ko ibimenyetso byose bishinja cyangwa bishinjura ari byo kandi bishobora kwemerwa.

Page 13

[52] Muri iki gice harasuzumwa ibijyanye no kumenya niba hari inama Mugimba Jean Baptiste yarakoreshereje iwe mu rugo ku wa 08/04/1994 yacuriwemo umugambi wo kwica abatutsi no niba hari izindi nama zitegura jenoside yakoresheje. A.1. Kumenya niba ku wa 08/04/1994 Mugimba Jean Baptiste yarakoreshereje inama iwe mu rugo yacuriwemo umugambi wo kwica abatutsi [53] Urukiko rusesenguye ubuhamya bwatanzwe ku birebana n’inama yo ku wa 08/04/1994 ivugwa ko yabereye mu rugo kwa Mugimba Jean Baptiste, rusanga hari abatangabuhamya bemeza ko nta nama bazi yahabereye, abandi bakemeza ko iyo nama yabaye kandi ko bari bayirimo cyangwa bayibwiwe. [54] Mu batangabuhamya bavuga ko batayizi hari Murasandonyi Augustin, umutangabuhamya wahawe izina rya DIM na Mugabire Jean de Dieu batanzwe n’ubushinjacyaha kuko mu buhamya bwabo bavuga gusa ku nama zaberaga kuri segiteri ya Nyakabanda zigatangirwamo imbunda, bakanavuga ku nama yabereyemo igikorwa cyo kwimika konseye wa Nyakabanda no ku zindi zaberaga mu ngo. [55] Urukiko rusanga no mubabajijwe mu iperereza hari abatavuga ku byerekeranye n’iyo nama yo ku wa 08/04/1994 kuko nka Mutegandege Charles avuga ko inama azi ari izaberaga kwa Mugimba Jean Baptiste mbere ya Mata 1994 zigategurirwamo kwica abatutsi naho Mutamuriza Xaverine n’umugabo we Mugenzi Védaste bo bakaba ntacyo bavuze kuri iyo nama uretse kuvuga ko hari abasirikare bateye iwabo mu rugo

bakarasa Mugenzi Védaste bakamuhusha. Rusanga Imananibishaka J. Berchmans alias Barananiye Sukari we icyo avuga ari uko nta ruhare rwa Mugimba Jean Baptiste muri jenoside yamenye, ko icyo azi ari uko aho yari atuye bahitaga muri CDR. [56] Urukiko rurasanga mu batangabuhamya bemeza ko iyo nama yo ku wa 08/04/1994 yabereye kwa Mugimba Jean Baptiste mu mazu y’abakozi ba Banki nkuru y’u Rwanda ahahoze ari muri selire Kabuguru, segiteri Nyakabanda, komini ya Nyarugenge ari umutangabuhamya DAM watanzwe n’ubushinjacyaha wemeza ko Mugimba Jean Baptiste yayimutumiyemo, iba kuva saa mbili kugeza mu ma saa yine n’igice n’uko yari igamije kubamenyesha ko bagomba kwirwanaho bakarwanya ibyitso, akanemeza ko yakorewemo amalisiti y’abagombaga kwicwa barimo abatutsi n’ abahutu batavugaga rumwe n’ishyaka rya MRND bitaga ibyitso, ko kuri iyo lisiti Mugimba Jean Baptiste yashyirishijeho uwitwa Ndungutse Jean Bosco bakoranaga muri BNR, ko nawe ubwe kimwe n’abandi bari muri iyo nama batanze amazina y’abo bashakaga ko bicwa. Rusanga yaranavuze ko Mugimba Jean Baptitse wari wayitumije, aranayiyobora ari we wasabye koloneli Hakizimana Edouard wari uyirimo imbunda zo kwirinda bakarwanya abatutsi. [57] Urukiko rusesenguye ubwo buhamya bwa DAM wari muri iyo nama, rubona asobanura neza uko yayitumiwemo nk’umuyobozi muri segiteri Nyakabanda, akagaragaza abari bayirimo, ibyemezo byayifatiwemo birimo

kwirwanaho barwanya ibyitso, gukora urutonde rw’abagomba kwicwa no gusaba imbunda, bityo rugasanga ubuhamya bwe busobanura neza iby’iyo nama bukaba bugomba gushingirwaho nk’ikimenyetso kigaragaza ko ku wa 08/04/1994, Mugimba Jean Baptiste yakoresheje inama iwe mu rugo icurirwamo umugambi wo kwica abatutsi cyane cyane ko ubwo buhamya buhura n’imvugo ze zo mu bugenzacyaha ndetse n’izo ku wa 07/12/2016 mu bushinjacyaha. [58] Rusanga kandi iby’uko iyo nama yabayeho binashimangirwa n’ubuhamya bwa DFM wari umuyobozi muri komini Nyarugenge wemeza ko n’ubwo atari ayirimo ariko ko yarimo abantu bakoranaga bamubwiye ko yabayeho, ko yanayibwiwe na resiponsabule wa selire witwa Kaboneye Théoneste ndetse na Nyirimanzi Grégoire ubwo yari abasanze imbere ya sitade i Nyamirambo ari kumwe n’abaturage bavugiraga rimwe ko abantu bahiciwe biturutse ku nama yabereye kwa Mugimba Jean Baptiste no ku nterahamwe yitwa Zuzu. Ibi yavuze mu buhamya bwe ni nabyo yari yarasobanuye abazwa mu iperereza agaragaza ko yabwiwe n’abantu batandukanye barimo konseye wa segiteri Nyakabanda na resiponsabule wa selire atibuka izina ko kwa Mugimba Jean Baptiste haberaga inama

Page 14

zitegura ubwicanyi, banamubwira iby’inama yo ku wa 08/04/1994 yahabereye irimo abantu batandukanye barimo konseye wa segiteri, abasirikare, impuzamugambi n’interahamwe n’uko yakorewemo amalisiti y’abantu bagomba kwicwa. [59] Urukiko rugasanga imvugo zo mu iperereza za Kivuta Regero Innocent zidashyigikiwe n’ikindi kimenyetso cyangwa ubundi buhamya bwatangiwe mu rukiko z’uko nta nama yayobowe na Mugimba Jean Baptiste yagiyemo, ko nta n’izindi nama bigeze bahuriramo zitaba ikimenyetso kidashidikanywaho kigaragaza ko inama yo ku wa 08/04/1994 itabayeho kuko nk’ uko rwabisobanuye rwasanze hari ubuhamya bwatangiwe mu Rukiko bwemeza ko iyo nama yabayeho. Runasanga kuba DAM amuvuga mubo bari kumwe muri iyo nama ariko Kivuta mu iperereza akaba yari yaravuze ko ntayo yagiyemo bitatesha ireme ubuhamya DAM yatangiye mu rukiko kuko bunashimangirwa n’ubwa DFM ndetse n’imvugo zabo mu iperereza kuko urukiko rwasanze bikiranuye. [60] Urukiko rusanga n’abatangabuhamya DJM na DKM batanzwe na Mugimba Jean Baptiste nabo batavuguruza ko hari inama Mugimba Jean Baptiste yakoresheje kuko ibyo batanzeho ubuhamya ari uko ku wa 08/04/1994 bamubonye aho bari batuye ku Gitega n’i Nyamirambo aho bita kuri Mirongwine. [61] Urukiko rusanga nanone ibyo Mugimba Jean Baptiste avuga ko atari gukoresha inama ku wa 08/04/1994 kandi uwo munsi ari bwo yavuye aho yari atuye mu Nyakabanda ajya gucumbika mu Kiyovu aho

yavuye ajya ku Gisenyi, nta shingiro byahabwa kuko ntaho urukiko rwahera rwemeza ko atakoresheje iyo nama mu gihe hari abatangabuhamya bemeza ko iyo nama yabayeho ndetse hakaba n’uwemeza ko yari ayirimo, akanasobanura ibyayikorewemo ndetse n’ uwari umuyobozi we DFM nawe akaba asobanura ko yamenye ko iyo nama yabaye anamenya ibyayibereyemo. [62] Rusanga n’ibyo kuba abatangabuhamya DKM na DJM batanzwe na Mugimba Jean Baptiste bavuga ko bamubonye aho bari batuye ari kumwe n’umuryango we, DJM avuga ko yamubonye saa mbili cyangwa saa tatu naho DKM akavuga ko yamubonye saa yine mu gihe DAM we avuga ko yari kumwe na Mugimba Jean Baptiste mu nama hagati ya saa mbili na saa yine n’igice, bitatuma ubuhamya bwe bwemeza ko iyo nama yabaye budahabwa agaciro kuko rwasanze bufite ireme kandi bushyigikiwe n’ibindi bimenyetso. Byongeye kandi ibyo Mugimba Jean Baptiste avuga by’ uko uwo munsi yari yimukiye mu Kiyovu, nabyo bikaba bitagaragaza ko atari gushobora gukoresha inama kubera ko atagaragaza isaha yaviriye iwe cyane cyane ko nawe yivugira gusa ko yavuye muri Kigali kuri 12/04/1994. [63] Urukiko rusanga kandi n’ ibyo Mugimba Jean Baptiste avuga by’uko nta bubasha yari afite bwo gutumiza inama irimo abasirikare n’interahamwe mu gihe nta rwego rwa Leta yari ahagarariye, atari impamvu yatuma atayikoresha kuko harebwe uko ibintu byari bimeze mu gihe jenoside yakorwaga inzego zose zidakora uko

bisanzwe, hakanarebwa urwego yari afite nk’umunyamabanga mukuru w’ishyaka rya CDR n’uko umutangabuhamya DAM avuga ko yamwitabye kubera igitinyiro yari afite nta cyari kubuza ko ayitumiza. [64] Urukiko rusanga n’ibyo Mugimba Jean Baptiste avuga ko atashoboraga gutumiza iyo nama kandi uwo munsi mu masaha amwe Perefe Renzaho Tharcisse mu rubanza rwe rwaciwe n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda ku wa 14/07/2009 yaravuze ko ku wa 08/04/1994 yayoboye inama y’umutekano kuri perefegitura irimo Amri Karekezi wari konseye wa segiteri ya Biryogo na Célestin Sezibera wari uwa segiteri Nyamirambo kandi ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko abo bakonseye bari mu nama yakoresheje iwe mu rugo bitaherwaho hemezwa ko nta nama yakoresheje kuko ubuhamya bwa DAM wari muri iyo nama bwashingiweho nk’ ikimenyetso nk’uko byasobanuwe bugaragaza ko nta mukonseye wari uyirimo.

Page 15

[65] Rusanga n’ibyo avuga ko ubuhamya bwa DAM butashingirwaho hemezwa ko iyo nama yabaye kubera ko ari we wenyine ubyemeza nabyo nta shingiro bifite kuko hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 65 y’Itegeko No 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo iteganya ko urukiko ari rwo rwonyine rupima ko imikirize y’abatangabuhamya ihuye n’ikiburanwa, ifite ingingo zikiranuye kandi ikaba ikwiye kwemerwa cyangwa guhakanwa, ko rutitsitsa ku mubare w’abatangabuhamya, rwita cyane cyane ku bumenyi bwabo bw’ibyabaye no ku buryo babivuga uko byagenze nta cyo bihimbira, rusanga nta cyabuza ko ubuhamya bwe bushingirwaho kuko bufite ingingo zikiranuye kandi zihuye n’ ikiburanwa. Byongeye kandi, nk’uko byasobanuwe, ubwo buhamya bukaba bunashimangirwa n’ubwa DFM wari umuyobozi muri komini Nyarugenge. [66] Ibyo kandi n’ibyo kuba ubuhamya bw’umutangabuhamya umwe bushobora gushingirwaho ni nabyo byasobanuwe mu manza zaciwe n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyirweho u Rwanda nko mu rubanza rwa Musema Alfred aho rwasobanuye ko urukiko rushobora gushingira ku buhamya bw’umuntu umwe iyo rusanze bufite ireme kandi uwabutanze yakwizerwa9 ndetse no mu zaciwe n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho icyahahoze ari Yugusilaviya nk’urubanza rwa Haradinaj et al. n’urwa Tadic aho zemeje ko urukiko rushobora gushingira ku buhamya bw’umutangabuhamya umwe n’iyo byaba ari

ku gikorwa cy’ingenzi bitabaye ngombwa ko haba hari ibindi bimenyetso bibushyigikira10. [67] Urukiko rusanga n’ ibyo Mugimba Jean Baptiste avuga ko hari amabaruwa DAM yandikiye inkiko Gacaca yirega anemera ibyaha arimo iyo ku wa 06/12/2007 yandikiye Perezida w’urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Rwezamenyo n’iyo ku wa 21/09/2005 yandikiye Perezida w’inama mpuzabikorwa w’ Urukiko Gacaca rw’Akagari ka Kabuguru atavugamo ibijyanye n’inama yo ku wa 08/04/1994 yabereye mu rugo rwe, nta shingiro bifite kuko muri ayo mabaruwa yavugaga ibikorwa yakoze bimureba ku giti cye, ikindi kuba ataravuzemo ibirebana n’iyo nama bikaba bitavuze ko itabayeho kubera ko Urukiko rwasanze ko hari ibimenyetso bidashidikanyaho bigaragaza ko yabayeho. [68] Urukiko rusanga kandi kuba Mugimba Jean Baptiste ataravuzwe mu ikusanyamakuru ry’inkiko Gacaca, izina rye ntirisohoke ku rutonde rwa baruharwa bakekwagaho gukora jenoside rwasohokaga buri mwaka mu igazeti ya Leta no kuba nyuma ya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi yarahawe urwandiko rw’abajya mu mahanga nabyo bitabuza ko akurikiranwa igihe cyose habonetse ibimenyetso bituma akekwaho ibyaha cyane cyane ko ibyaha birebana na jenoside akurikiranweho ari ibyaha bidasaza nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 106 y’Itegeko Nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko ikurikirana ry’icyaha cya jenoside, ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu n’ibyaha

by’intambara n’ibihano byatanzwe kuri ibyo byaha bidasaza. [69] Rusanga kandi ibyo Mugimba Jean Baptiste avuga ko DAM aburana mu nkiko Gacaca atavuze ibirebana n’inama yo ku wa 08/04/1994 ashaka kugaragaza ko itabayeho ahubwo ari ibyo yahimbye nyuma, nabyo nta gaciro byahabwa kuko kuba ayo makuru atarayatanze mu gihe yaburanaga muri Gacaca bitatuma igihe ayavugiye adahabwa ishingiro kuko kuba DAM aburana mu nkiko Gacaca ataravuze ko Mugimba Jean Baptiste yakoresheje inama iwe mu rugo ku wa 08/04/1994 bitavuze ko iyo nama itabayeho kandi ko yayikoresheje kuko iyo hasuzumwa uruhare rw’umuntu uregwa ikirebwa ari ibikorwa bye ku giti cye ndetse n’ibimenyetso byatanzwe. Ibi bihura n’ibyemejwe n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda nko mu rubanza rwa Gatete Jean Baptiste n’izindi aho urukiko rwagaragaje ko kuba abatangabuhamya bataravuze Gatete mu manza za Gacaca

9 “La Chambre peut statuer sur la foi d’un témoignage unique, dès lors qu’à son avis, ce témoignage est pertinent et credible”, affaire n° ICTR-96-13-T, Le Procureur contre Alfred Musema du 27 janvier 2000, par. 43. 10 Voir aussi arrêt IT-04-84-A. Haradinaj et al, par. 219: “La Chambre d’appel rappelle qu’une chambre de première instance peut se fonder sur la déposition d’un seul témoin pour formuler ses constatations. La déposition d’un seul témoin même sur un fait essentel peut être versée au dossier sans avoir à être corroborée” et Arrêt Tadić, par. 65.

Page 16

nta kamaro bimufitiye, ko kuba ataravuzwe bitavuzwe ko ntacyo yakoze, ko kuba bataramuvuze bishobora kuba byaratewe n’uko batamubabajijeho11. [70] Urukiko rusanga no kuba mu batangabuhamya hari ababajijwe kandi barahamijwe icyaha cya jenoside, nayo itaba impamvu ituma ubuhamya bwabo buteshwa agaciro kuko nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 63 y’Itegeko No15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo uwo ari we wese ashobora kumvwa nk’umutangabuhamya mu rukiko uretse abantu badafite ubushobozi bwo kuba abatangabuhamya mu nkiko kubera kutabasha kubara inkuru y’uko ibintu byagenze; bityo kuba DAM na DFM baba baragize uruhare mu ikorwa ry’icyaha cya jenoside ubwabyo bikaba bitaba impamvu ituma bataba abatangabuhamya mu rubanza mu gihe urukiko rusanga ibyo bavuga bigaragaza ukuri kw’ibyabaye, bikaba bitananyuranyije n’amategeko kubera ko ingingo ya 48 y’Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha iteganya ko umuntu wese wagize uruhare mu ikorwa ry’icyaha ashobora kumvwa nk’umutangabuhamya. [71] Hashingiwe rero ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 65 y’Itegeko No 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryavuzwe, rusanga ubuhamya bwatanzwe na DAM na DFM bugomba gushingirwaho hemezwa ko ku wa 08/04/1994 mu rugo kwa Mugimba Jean Baptiste habereye inama yacuriwemo umugambi wo kwica abatutsi bo muri segiteri ya Nyakabanda no mu

nkengero zayo, ikorerwamo amalisiti y’abatutsi bagombaga kwicwa ndetse Mugimba Jean Baptiste ayisabiramo imbunda zo gukoresha muri ubwo bwicanyi; bityo ibyo Mugimba Jean Baptiste avuga ko ibyaha aregwa byahimbwe n’abashakaga kwigarurira imitungo ye n’uko bishingiye ku mwanya yari afite mu ishyaka rya CDR bikaba nta shingiro bifite. [72] Ku birebana na Nyabyenda Jean Marie Vianney watanze amakuru atarahiye nk’umutangabuhamya kuko yahanishijwe igifungo cya burundu, rusanga amakuru yatanze ku nama yo ku wa 08/04/1994 ataba ikimenyetso muri uru rubanza kubera ko uburyo avugamo uko yakoreshejwe inyandikomvugo y’ibazwa rye mu bushinjacyaha burimo urujijo kuko hamwe avuga ko yahamagajwe n’abashinjacyaha bamwereka inyandikomvugo iteguye nyuma yo kuyisoma bamusaba kuyisinya, arabyemera; ahandi agasobanura ko bamusabye kuyisoma kugira ngo yohererezwe Ubushinjacyaha Bukuru aho yaje kuyisinyira, hakaba n’aho avuga ko iyo nyandikomvugo bari barayiteguriye undi muntu bakoranye ibyaha maze bahindura amazina ye bayasimbuza aya Mugimba Jean Baptiste. [73] Urukiko rusanga kandi ibyo Nyabyenda yavugiye mu rukiko by’uburyo mu iperereza yakoreshejwe inyandikomvugo nabyo birimo urujijo kuburyo bituma ibikubiye mu nyandikomvugo y’ibazwa rye mu bushinjacyaha ku wa 09/02/2017 itagomba guhabwa agaciro kuko itera gushidikanya kubera ko yageze mu rukiko akabihindura avuga ko iyo nama itabereye mu rugo kwa

Mugimba Jean Baptiste ku wa 08/04/1994 ahubwo yabereye mu Nyakabanda ku kabari ka Musonera hitwaga kuri “Etat major” y’interahamwe. [74] Rusanga n’ibyo ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko impamvu Nyabyenda Jean Marie Vianney yahinduye imvugo ari uko Mugimba Jean Baptiste yamuguririye amuha amafaranga ya ruswa kugira ngo azamushinjure nta shingiro byahabwa kubera ko ntaho rwahera rwemeza ko icyamuteye guhindura

11 “La Défense soutient également que le nom de Gatete n’a pas été cité lors des procès gacaca tenus à Rwankuba à partir de 2003, et que BBR et AIZ n’ont pas parlé de l’accusé lorsqu’ils ont relaté pendant ces procès les faits survenus à Rwankuba en avril 1994. La Chambre estime cependant que le fait que le nom de Gatete n’ait pas été cité lors de ces procès est sans importance. C’est en effet pure hypothèse que d’affirmer que la non-mention d’un accusé dans d’autres procédures judicaires signifie nécessairement qu’il est hors de cause. La Chambre rappelle par ailleurs que BBR et AIZ ont témoigné dans des procès gacaca concernant des personnes distinctes. Il est donc plausible qu’ils n’auraient pas nécessairement fourni de manière spontanée des informations concernant Gatete et qu’on ne leur aurait pas nécessairement posé des questions à son sujet”, ICTR-2000-61-T, Le Procureur c/ Jean Baptiste Gatete, 31 Mars 2011, p.43, par.130

Page 17

imvugo ari uko yaguririwe kuko atakurikiranwe kuri icyo cyaha ngo hacibwe urubanza ndakuka rukimuhamya A.2. Kumenya niba hari izindi nama zitegura jenoside zakoreshejwe na Mugimba Jean Baptiste [75] Urukiko rusesenguye ibimenyetso byatanzwe ku birebana n’inama zitegura kwica abatutsi ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Mugimba Jean Baptiste yakoresherezaga iwe mu rugo mbere ya 1994 zarangira abatutsi bagatotezwa bakubitwa, rusanga ikimenyetso cyatanzwe ari imvugo za Mutegandege Charles wabajijwe mu bugenzacyaha ku wa 30/03/2011. Hashingiwe biteganywa n’ingingo ya 8 igika cya kabiri n’icya gatatu y’Itegeko Nº 47/2013 ryo ku wa 16/06/2013 rigena kwimurira imanza muri Repubulika y’u Rwanda iteganya ko Urukiko Rukuru rudashobora guhamya umuntu icyaha rushingiye gusa ku buhamya bwanditse kereka iyo bufite ubundi buhamya bubushyigikiye bwatangiwe mu iburanisha, Urukiko rurasanga imvugo za Mutegandende Charles zitagaragaza igihe izo nama zaberaga, ibyazivugiwemo n’abatutsi batotejwe biturutse kuri zo zitashingirwaho nk’ikimenyetso hemezwa ko mbere ya 1994 Mugimba Jean Baptiste yakoresheje iwe mu rugo izo nama zateguraga kwica abatutsi cyane cyane ko zidashyigikiwe n’ubuhamya bwatangiwe mu rukiko ku bijyanye nazo12. [76] Ku birebana n’inama zivugwa na DBM zirimo iyo ku wa 07/04/1994 DBM avuga ko yabereye mu kigo cy’abasirikare barinda umukuru w’igihugu n’indi avuga ko yabaye hagati y’itariki ya 7

n’iya 10/04/1994 iyobowe na Perefe Renzaho itangirwamo imbunda ndetse n’izivugwa na DFM zirimo iyo ku wa 09/04/1994 avuga ko yahuje abayobozi b’amashyaka, iyo ku wa 11/04/1994 yabereye kuri Hôtel des Diplomates avuga ko koloneli Bagosora yatangiyemo imbunda n’izindi avuga ko Mugimba Jean Baptiste yavugiyemo ko ikibazo igihugu gifite ari abatutsi bashaka kugarura ingoma ya cyami, urukiko rusanga ntacyo rwazivugaho kuko, nk’uko bigaragara mu nyandiko itanga ikirego, Mugimba Jean Baptitse atazirezwe. [77] Runasanga Mugimba Jean Baptiste ataranarezwe ibijyanye no kuba yaritabiriye mitingi z’ishyaka rya CDR zabereye kuri Stade régional i Nyamirambo zivugwa n’abatangabuhamya barimo DIM unayishingiraho avuga ko Mugimba Jean Baptiste yagize uruhare muri jenoside yakorewe abatutsi muri 1994 kuko yayimubonyemo n’ivugwa na Mugabire Jean de Dieu uvuga ko yamubonye muri mitingi yo gutangiza ishyaka rya CDR, bityo n’ubwo na MUGIMBA Jean Baptiste adahakana ko yazitabiriye akaba anagaragara mu mashusho ari kuri compact disk (CD) iriho ibijyanye na mitingi y’ishyaka rya CDR yabaye muri werurwe 1992 ubushinjacyaha bwashyikirije urukiko, ntacyo uru rukiko rwabivugaho kubera ko atazirezwe kandi hakaba nta n’ijambo rigaragazwa Mugimba Jean Baptiste yavugiye muri izo mitingi. - Icyo amategeko avuga kubyerekeranye no gucura umugambi wo gukora jenoside [78] Urukiko rusanga ingingo ya 93 1o y’Itegeko

Nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ivuga ko igikorwa cyo gucura umugambi wo gukora jenoside gihanishwa ibihano biteganyirijwe icyaha cya jenoside. Rusanga kandi ibyo gucura umugambi wo gukora jenoside binateganywa n’ingingo ya 3 b. y’Amasezerano Mpuzamahanga yo ku wa 09/12/1948 arebana no gukumira no guhana icyaha cya jenoside13 u Rwanda rwashyizeho umukono ku wa 12/02/1975.

12 Ingingo ya 8 y’ Itegeko Nº 47/2013 ryo ku wa 16/06/2013 rigena kwimurira imanza muri Repubulika y’u Rwanda iteganya ko ibimenyetso byakusanyijwe hakurikijwe Sitati n’Amategeko Agenga Imiburanishirize n’Itangwa ry’ibimenyetso bya TPIR n’Urwego bishobora gukoreshwa mu manza ziburanishwa n’Urukiko Rukuru. Urukiko Rukuru ntirushobora guhamya umuntu icyaha rushingiye gusa ku buhamya bwanditse bwatanzwe mbere n’abatangabuhamya batigeze batanga ubuhamya mu iburanisha. Icyakora, Urukiko Rukuru rushobora guhamya umuntu icyaha rushingiye ku gaciro k’ubwo buhamya bwanditse iyo ubwo buhamya bufite ubundi bubushyigikira. 13 Article 3 de la convention pour la prévention et la repression du crime de génocide: “Seront punis les actes suivants: a) le génocide; b) l’entente en vue de commettre le génocide; c) l’incitation directe et publique à commettre le génocide; d) la tentative de génocide; e) la complicité de genocide”.

Page 18

[79] Urukiko rusanga gucura umugambi wo gukora icyaha bisobanurwa n’ingingo ya 20 y’Itegeko Nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ryavuzwe iteganya ko gucura umugambi wo gukora icyaha ari ubwumvikane hagati y’abantu babiri (2) cyangwa benshi bugamije gukora icyaha cyakorwa n’umwe cyangwa benshi muri bo. Gucura umugambi wo gukora jenoside byo byasobanuwe mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda aho rwasobanuye ko gucura umugambi wo gukora jenoside ari ubwumvikane abantu nibura babiri (2) bagirana bagamije gukora jenoside, ko kumvikana ari cyo gikorwa gifatika kigize icyaha cyo gucura umugambi wo gukora jenoside. Muri izo manza harimo urwa Gatete Jean Baptiste14, urwa Musema Alfred15 , urwa Nahimana Ferdinand na bagenzi be16, urwa Nyiramasuhuko Pauline na bagenzi be17 n‘izindi. [80] Urwo rukiko kandi rwasobanuye ko uretse icyo gikorwa gifatika kigizwe n’ubwumvikane bwo gukora icyo cyaha, ugikora agomba kuba anafite umugambi wihariye wo gukora jenoside, usobanurwa nk’ubushake bwihariye bwo kurimbura itsinda ry’abantu bose cyangwa bamwe muri bo bahuriye ku bwenegihugu, ku bwoko, ibara ry’uruhu cyangwa ku idini bazira icyo bari cyo nk’uko byagiye bisobanurwa muri izo manza by’umwihariko nko mu rubanza rwa Nzabonimana Callixte18 . [81] Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, mu rubanza rwa Bandora Charles, ruhuza ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 3.b y’Amasezerano

mpuzamahanga agamije gukumira no guhana icyaha cya jenoside iteganya icyaha cyo gucura umugambi wo gukora jenoside (conspiracy to commit genocide) n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo 93 1o y’Itegeko Nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ryavuzwe, rwemeje ko icyo cyaha kigomba guhabwa inyito yo gucura umugambi wo gukora jenoside aho kuba ubwumvikane bugamije gukora jenoside kuko ubwumvikane ari igisobanuro kigaragaza uko icyaha kigerwaho19. [82] Urukiko rurebye rero ko Mugimba Jean Baptiste yatumije inama iwe mu rugo igakoreramo ubwumvikane bwo kwica abatutsi bo muri segiteri Nyakabanda rukabihuza n’ibimaze gusobanurwa ku birebana n’ingingo z’amategeko zavuzwe, ku manza zaciwe no kubimenyetso, rusanga Mugimba Jean Baptiste ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucura umugambi wo gukora jenoside giteganywa n’ingingo ya 93 1o y’Itegeko Nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ryavuzwe. [83] Urukiko rusanga ibyo Mugimba Jean Baptiste n’abamwunganira bavuga by’uko hagendewe ku ihame ry’uko ntawe uhanirwa igikorwa kitari giteganyijwe n’amategeko nk’icyaha igihe cyakorwaga, atakurikiranwaho icyaha cya jenoside kuko mu 1994 amategeko y’u Rwanda atagihanaga n’uko

14 ICTR-2000-61-T Le Procureur c./ Jean Baptiste Gatete, 31/03/2011, par. 611: “L’entente en vue de commettre le génocide s’entend d’une résolution d’agir sur laquelle au moins deux personnes se sont accordées, en vue de commettre un génocide. Le fait de s’accorder constitue l’élément matériel de ce crime. Les personnes parties à l’accord doivent être habités par l’élément moral spécifique au génocide, c’est-à-dire l’intention de détruire en tout ou en partie un groupe national ethnique, racial ou religieux comme tel”. 15 ICTR-96-13-T, le Procureur c/ Alfred Musema, 2 Janvier 2000, P. 63, par. 191 “…, la Chambre définit l’entente en vue de commettre le génocide comme une résolution d’agir sur laquelle au moins deux personnes se sont accordées, en vue de commettre un genocide”. 16 ICTR-99-52-A, Le Procureur c/ Nahimana Ferdinand et crts, 28 novembre 2007, p. 347 et ss, par.894, “L’entente en vue de commettre le génocide, incriminée par l’article 2(3)(b) du Statut, est définie comme une résolution d'agir sur laquelle au moins deux personnes se sont accordées, en vue de commettre un génocide. Cet accord entre des individus ayant pour but la commission du génocide (ou résolution d’agir concertée) en constitue l’élément matériel (actus reus); en outre, les individus parties à l’accord doivent être animés de l’intention de détruire en tout ou en partie un groupe national,

ethnique, racial ou religieux comme tel (l’élément intentionnel ou mens rea)”. 17 ICTR-98-42-T, le Procureur c/ Nyiramasuhuko Pauline et crts du 24 Juin 2011, P. 1645, par. 5655: “L’entente en vue de commettre le génocide se définit comme la résolution d’agir concertée par accord entre au moins deux personnes en vue de commettre le génocide”. 18 Affaire no ICTR-98-44D-T, Le Procureur c. Nzabonimana, du 31 Mai 2012, P. 385, par. 1740: “S’agissant de la mens rea de l’entente en vue de commettre le génocide, le Procureur doit établir que les personnes parties à l’accord étaient animées de l’intention de détruire en tout ou en partie un groupe national, ethnique, racial ou religieux, comme tel”. 19 Urubanza RPA/GEN 0001/15/CS MPC/ Bandora Charles rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 22/03/2019 igika cya 53

Page 19

Amasezerano arebana n’ ikumira n’ihanwa ry’icyaha cya jenoside atateganyaga ibihano kuri icyo cyaha, nta shingiro bifite kuko uretse kuba u Rwanda rwari rwaremeje ayo Masezerano, amategeko mpuzamahanga akumira kandi agahana icyaha cya jenoside ari amategeko agomba kubahirizwa n’ ibihugu byose (jus cogens)20 n’iyo nta tegeko ry’ igihugu rigiteganya ryaba rihari21. Ibi akaba ari nabyo byemejwe mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda nko mu rubanza rwa Kayishema Clément na Ruzindana Obed22 ndetse no mu rubanza rwa Munyaneza Désiré rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwa Canada23 . Urukiko rugasanga rero Amasezerano arebana n’ikumira n’ihanwa rya jenoside ari amategeko yemewe nk’umuco mpuzamahanga ibihugu byose bigomba kubahiriza24. Uyu ni nawo murongo wafashwe n’Urukiko Mpuzamahanga rw’ubutabera mu rubanza rwa Croatia na Serbie rwaciwe ku wa 03/02/2015 ku ikoreshwa ry’amasezerano ku ikumira n’ihana ry’icyaha cya jenoside25. [84] Ku birebana n’uko nta gihano icyo cyaha cyari giteganyirijwe igihe jenoside yakorerwaga abatutsi n’uko amategeko yaje nyuma atashingirwaho kuko yaje nyuma y’ikorwa ry’ibyaha aregwa, na byo nta shingiro bifite kuko n’ubwo jenoside ikorwa nta gihano cyari kiyiteganyiijwe ariko nyuma haje ivugurura ry’ Itegeko Shingiro ryo ku wa 18/01/199626 n’amategeko agena uburyo ibikorwa bigize icyaha cya jenoside byakozwe mu mwaka

wa 1994 bihanwa arimo Itegeko Ngenga N° 08/96 ryo ku wa 30 Kanama 1996 ryerekeye imitunganyirize y’ikurikirana ry'ibyaha bigize icyaha cy'itsembabwoko n'itsembatsemba cyangwa ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu byakozwe kuva ku itariki ya mbere Ukwakira 1990 n’amategeko arebana n’inkiko Gacaca yateganyaga uko abakoze icyaha cya jenoside mbere y’uko ajyaho agomba guhanwa; akaba nta cyabuza ko ahanishwa ibihano biteganywa n’ amategeko yaje nyuma arimo n’ingingo ya 335 igika cya kabiri (2) y’Itegeko Nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’ uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu iteganya ko ibyaha bya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi n’ibindi byaha byibasiye inyokomuntu byakozwe hagati y’itariki ya mbere Ukwakira 1990 n’iya 31 Ukuboza 1994 bihanwa hakurikijwe ibihano biteganyijwe muri iri tegeko uretse

20 Blagojevic and Jokic, (Trial Chamber), January 17, 2005, par. 639: “It is widely recognized that the law set out in the convention reflect customary international law and that the norm prohibiting genocide constitutes jus cogens”. 21 M. Cherif Bassiouni, Introduction au droit international, Bruylant Bruxelles, 2001, P.75-76. “Le jus cogens implique non seulement son application universelle mais signifie aussi qu’il s’agit d’une norme obligatoire. A ce titre le jus cogens occupe la position hiérarchique la plus élevée parmis les autres normes. La conséquence de ce statut est que les normes de jus cogens sont considérées comme impératives et insusceptibles d’aucune derogation”; voir aussi p. 74: “… Enfin, la qualification d’un crime comme relevant du jus cogens impose aux Etats une obligation erga omnes de ne pas accorder l’impunité aux contrevenants de ces crimes”. 22 ICTR-95-1-T Kayishema Clément et Ruzindana Obed “Le crime de génocide est considéré comme faisant partie intégrante du droit international coutumier qui, de surcroît, est une norme impérative du droit”. 23 500-10-004416-093 (500-73-002500-052) Munyaneza C.R du 7/05/2014, par. 26. “Quand aux crimes de génocide, le droit international coutumier reconnaȋt ce crime depuis bien avant 1994.” 24 Akayezu Jean Paul, par. 495: “La Convention sur le génocide est incontestablement considérée comme faisant partie du droit

international coutumier, comme en témoigne l'avis consultatif rendu en 1951 par la Cour internationale de Justice sur les réserves à la Convention sur le génocide et comme l'a d'ailleurs rappelé le Secrétaire général des Nations Unies dans son rapport sur la création du Tribunal pénal international pour l'ex-Yougoslavie”. 25 Arret Croatia c/ Serbie sur L’ Application de la Convention pour la prévention et la repression du crime de genocide du 3 février 2015, Cour Internationale de Justice, p.46, par. 87, “… Bien entendu, il est constant que la Convention consacre des principes qui font également partie du droit international coutumier. Ainsi, l’article premier dispose que [l]es Parties contractantes confirment que le génocide, qu’il soit commis en temps de paix ou en temps de guerre, est un crime du droit des gens. La Cour a elle – même rappelé maintes fois que la Convention énonçait des principes appartenant au droit international coutumier. C’est ce qu’elle a souligné dans son avis consultatif de 1951: (…). Elle a par ailleurs précisé que la convention sur le génocide contenait des obligations erga omnes. Enfin, elle a relevé que l’interdiction du génocide revêtait le caractère d’une norme impérative (jus cogens) …”. 26 Cfr La Revision du 18/01/1996 de la Loi Fondamentale (J.O., 1996, n° 3 du 1er février 1996): “Le 2ème alinéa de l’article 12 de la Constitution du 10 juin

1991 est complete comme suit: “Toutefois, la loi peut déroger, dans la stricte mesure où la situation l’exige, aux dispositions du présent alinéa, dans le cas où un danger public exceptionnel menace l’existence de la nation. Le 3ème alinéa du même article est suivi d’un 4ème alinéa ainsi libellé: les actes ou omissions qui n’étaient pas punissables au moment où ils ont été commis, peuvent être poursuivi et jugés s’ils étaient tenus pour criminels d’après les principes généraux de droit reconnus par l’ensemble des Nations”.

Page 20

ibiteganyijwe ukundi n’itegeko. Ibi akaba ari nako byateganywaga n’ingingo ya 762 y’Itegeko Ngenga No 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana ryakurikizwaga igihe yaregerwaga Urukiko. [85] Rusanga na none kuba umuntu yahanwa hashingiwe ku itegeko ryagiyeho nyuma y’uko icyaha akurikiranyweho gikorwa binateganywa n’ingingo ya 15 y’Amasezerano mpuzamahanga yerekeye uburenganzira mu by’imbonezamubano no mu bya politique igika cya kabiri iteganya ko nta kintu kibuza ko umuntu wakoze ikibujijwe cyangwa wanze gukora igitegetswe yacirwa urubanza agakatirwa ibihano ku bikorwa byafatwaga nk’ibyaha hakurikijwe amahame rusange n’amategeko yemewe mu bihugu byose27. Ibi bikaba binahura n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 7 y’Amasezerano y’Ibihugu by’Iburayi y’Uburenganzira bwa Muntu28. - Isesengura ry’ibikorwa bigize iki cyaha B. Kumenya niba hari ibikorwa Mugimba Jean Baptiste yakoze bimugira icyitso muri jenoside [86] Urukiko rusanga ibikorwa bishingirwaho mu kurega Mugimba Jean Baptiste icyaha cyo kuba icyitso muri jenoside ari ukuba yaratanze ahakorewe inama yacuriwemo umugambi wo kwica abatutsi, kuba yaratanze imbunda muri Segiteri Nyakabanda, ashyirishaho anayobora bariyeri, ajya mu bitero byishe abatutsi, akora urutonde rw’urubyiruko rw’impuzamugambi rwakoze imyitozo ya gisirikare anaruha inyigisho zo kurwangisha abatutsi no kuba yaratanze umugabane mu ishingwa

rya Radio ya RTLM. B.1. Kumenya niba ku wa 08/04/1994 Mugimba Jean Baptiste yaratanze ahakorerwa inama yakorewemo lisiti z’abatutsi bagombaga kwicwa no kumenya niba yaratanze imbunda muri segiteri Nyakabanda • Imiburanire y’ubushinjacyaha [87] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Mugimba Jean Baptiste yatanze inkunga ku bakoze jenoside kuko ku wa 08/04/1994 yemeye ko iwe mu rugo hakorerwa inama yakorewemo lisiti y’abatutsi bagombaga kwicwa, inasabirwamo imbunda zakoreshejwe mu gukora jenoside. Busobanura ko ubwo bari muri iyo nama Mugimba Jean Baptiste yasabye koloneli Hakizimana Edouard wari ukuriye ingabo mu karere k’imirwano ka Nyamirambo imbunda zo kwicisha abatutsi, arazimwemerera, azimuha hashize iminsi itatu (3), Mugimba Jean Baptiste nawe aziha interahamwe n’impuzamugambi, imwe ayijyana iwe, indi ishyirwa mu marembo y’akabari ka Green corner, indi ijya mu marembo yo kwa Martin Mateso wari umunyamakuru wa Radio Rwanda, indi ijya ku gahanda kajya kwa Kanyandekwe Emmanuel n’aho indi ijya ku mucuruzi witwa Albert imbere y’igaraji rya Misigaro Louis nyuma zikoreshwa mu kwica abatutsi. [88] Bukomeza buvuga ko mu nama yo ku wa 08/04/1994, MUGIMBA Jean Baptiste yabwiye abari bayijemo ko uzibeshya akarya amafaranga y’abatutsi agambiriye kubahisha nawe azajyana nabo, ko yanavuze ko akeneye kubona umurambo wa Bizimana Loti wari umuhanzi, ko uyu yaje kwicirwa kwa Sebutimbiri Mariko, yishwe n’urubyiruko rw’impuzamugambi za CDR. Bunavuga ko muri iyo nama kandi abari bayirimo buri wese yatanze umututsi cyangwa abatutsi azi n’aho baherereye, MUGIMBA

27 Article 15 du Pacte international relatif aux doits civils et politiqe: “Rien dans le present article ne s’oppose au jugement ou a la condamnation de tout individu en raison d’actes ou omissions qui, au moment où ils ont été commis, étaitent tenus pour criminels, d’après les principes généraux de doit reconnus par l’ensemble des nations”. 28 Article 7 de la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme: “1. Nul ne peut être condamné pour une action ou une omission qui, au moment où elle a été commise, ne constituait pas une infraction d’après le droit national ou international. De même il n’est infligé aucune peine plus forte que celle qui était applicable au moment où l’infraction a été commise.

2. Le présent article ne portera pas atteinte au jugement et à la punition d’une personne coupable d’une action ou d’une omission qui, au moment où elle a été commise, était criminelle d’après les principes généraux de droit reconnus par les nations civilisées”.

Page 21

Jean Baptiste ubwe atanga izina ry’uwitwa Ndungutse Jean Bosco bakoranaga muri Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda, nyuma uyu yaje kwicwa, hicwa n’abandi batutsi benshi bo muri Nyakabanda biturutse kuri iyo nama. • Imyiregurire ya Mugimba Jean Baptiste [89] Mugimba Jean Baptiste yunganiwe na Me Gatera Gashabana na Me Baragondoza Jean Damascène avuga ko ibyo ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko yatanze inkunga kubakoze jenoside atanga ahakorewa inama ku wa 08/04/1994 atari byo, ko nta lisiti y’abatutsi bagombaga kwicwa yatanze cyangwa yakoze kuko inama buvuga yakorewemo itabayeho, ko n’iyo lisiti buvuga yakozwe butayigaragaje, ko nta n’ikimenyetso cyatanzwe kigaragaza ko ari we watanze amazina ya Ndungutse Jean Bosco n’abandi ngo bashyirwe kuri lisiti y’abagomba kwicwa kuko n’imvugo za DAM ubushinjacyaha bubishingiraho zitakwizerwa kubera ko ubwo yatangiraga gukurikiranwa n’ubushinjacyaha mu 1997 mu nyandikomvugo ye yemeje ko nta malisiti yakozwe y’abatutsi bo muri Nyakabanda bagombaga kwicwa. [90] Avuga kandi ko nta mbunda yigeze asaba cyangwa yaba yaratanze, kuko DAM ubimushinja, mu ibaruwa ye yanyujije ku buyobozi bwa Gereza yandikira Umuhuzabikorwa w’urukiko Gacaca rw’akagari ka Kabuguru, yavuze ko imbunda eshanu (5) zatanzwe ziturutse muri komini Nyarugenge zikwirakwizwa mu maselire ane (4), indi isigarana konseye, ko ari nabyo yari yaravuze mu iperereza ryo mu 1997, ko rero ibyo avuga ubu

amushinja gutanga imbunda bitashingirwaho kuko yivuguruza, hakaba nta n’undi mutangabuhamya ubyemeza. • Ubuhamya bwatanzwe mu rukiko [91] Umutangabuhamya DAM atanga ubuhamya mu rukiko yavuze ko ubwo bari mu nama mu rugo kwa Mugimba Jean Baptiste ku wa 08/04/1994, uyu yasabye Koloneli Hakizimana Edouard imbunda, arazimwemerera nyuma y’iminsi itatu (3) atanga imbunda eshanu (5) zo guhiga ibyitso, zijyanwa kwa Mugimba Jean Baptiste nawe aziha Rwagahungu Innocent wari resiponsabule wa selire Kabuguru wazitanze ku mabariyeri yatangiraga abatutsi, imwe ijya ku yo Mugimba Jean Baptiste yayoboraga yari ku marembo ye yakorwagaho na Nkamirabashaka Sostène, indi ishyirwa kuri bariyeri yari kwa Martin Mateso wari umunyamakuru, indi ijya kwa konseye wa Nyakabanda Kandekwe Emmanuel, indi ku mucuruzi witwa Albert wari utuye hepfo y’akabari ka Green Corner, indi iguma mu rugo kwa Mugimba Jean Baptiste, ko hanatanzwe izindi mbunda zihabwa Callixte Mbarushimana wari utuye hafi ya hoteli Baobab. [92] Umutangabuhamya yanavuze ko yahaye icyemezo abantu Mugimba Jean Baptiste yahaye imbunda ariko ko we ntacyo yamuhaye kuko yari umuntu uzwi, ko kuba ariwe wazitangaga yabibwiwe na resiponsabule Rwagahungu Innocent. Yanavuze ko izo mbunda ari zo zifashishijwe mu kurasa abantu Mugimba Jean Baptiste yatangiye mu nama bashyirwa kuri lisiti y’abagomba kwicwa aribo Ndungutse wakoraga muri BNR, Higiro Isaie

na Dr Emmanuel wakoraga muri ONAPO. [93] Umutangabuhamya DFM atanga ubuhamya mu rukiko yavuze ko hagati y’itariki ya 14 n’iya 15/04/1994 yasanze hari abantu biciwe i Nyamirambo abwirwa na konseye Nyirimanzi Grégoire wari kumwe n’abaselire n’abaturage ko iyicwa ry’abo bantu ryaturutse ku nama yabereye kwa Mugimba Jean Baptiste no ku nterahamwe yitwa Zuzu, ko hari n’ubwo bari mu Biryogo mu rugo kwa Simbizi Stanislas wari umwe mu bayobozi ba CDR uyu amubwira ko mu ntangiro z’ukwezi kwa Gicurasi cyangwa mu mpera z’ ukwezi kwa Mata 1994 Mugimba Jean Baptiste yagiye kuri Minisiteri y’ingabo gufata imbunda, ko hari na raporo yabonye igaragaza ko Mugimba Jean Baptiste ari mu bahaye imbunda Niyibizi na Nkamirabashaka. [94] Yanavuze kandi ko mu kwezi kwa kane 1994 yabonye Mugimba Jean Baptiste inshuro eshatu afite imbunda, rimwe avuye kuri perefegitura kureba Perefe Renzaho, ubundi ari aho yari atuye mu

Page 22

Nyakabanda, yongera no kumubona kuri “Hôtel des Diplomates” ameze nk’umuntu uri ku rugamba kuko yagendaga aherekejwe n`impuzamugabi za CDR, afite imbunda ya “karachnikov” anambaye imyenda ya gisirikare ari mu modoka ye ya Audi y’umuhondo isize ibirangi kugira ngo itamenyekana, ko yanamubonye ku wa 11/04/1994 kuri “Hôtel des Diplomates” ahagarariye itangwa ry’imbunda ku mpuzamugambi za CDR zari zizanywe na Koloneli Bagosora. [95] Umutangabuhamya Mugabire Jean de Dieu atanga ubuhamya mu rukiko yavuze ko aho bari batuye nta mbunda zahatanzwe, ko aho zatanzwe zatangirwaga kuri segiteri no kuri sitade ariko ko abahajyaga bose batazihabwaga, ko yanumvaga bavuga ko hari inama zakoreshwaga mu ngo ariko ko ntayo azi yakoreshejwe na Mugimba Jean Baptiste. DBM we mu makuru yatanze mu rukiko avuga ko hagati y’itariki ya 07 n’iya 10/04/1994, hari inama yagiyemo nk’umunyamakuru yari iyobowe na Perefe Renzaho irimo abayobozi b’amashyaka n’abasirikare, hatangwa imbunda zijya mu masegiteri, ko Mugimba Jean Baptiste na Simbizi nabo bari bahari bahabwa intwaro zirimo imbunda za “kalachnicov” na “pistolet”, gerenade n’amasasu. Muri ayo makuru DBM yatanze hari n’aho avuga ko nta nama yahuriyemo na Mugimba Jean Baptiste. [96] Umutangabuhamya Murasandonyi Augustin nawe avuga ko nta nama azi yabereye hafi yo kwa Mugimba Jean Baptiste, ko izo azi ari izaberaga kuri segiteri ya Nyakabanda, zikayoborwa

na Robert Kajuga na Nyirimanzi Grégoire, bakanaziheramo interahamwe imbunda naho DIM akavuga ko hari amalisiti yakorwaga agaragaza amazina y’abatutsi bagomba kwicwa, nyuma bakabica mu ijoro, ko ayo malisiti yakorwaga na Nyirimanzi Grégoire, ko Mugimba Jean Baptiste atari mu bayakoreshaga, ko hari n’iyo yabonye iriho izina rye kuko nawe yari mu bagombaga kwicwa, ko iby’imbunda byo atazi uburyo zatanzwemo.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA B.1.1. Kubirebana no kuba Mugimba Jean Baptiste yarabaye icyitso muri jenoside kubera gutanga ahakorewe inama [97] Urukiko rusanga igikorwa cyo kuba Mugimba Jean Baptiste yaratanze ahakorewe inama ku wa 08/04/1994 ubwabyo bitamugira icyitso cy’abakoze jenoside muri segiteri ya Nyakabanda ahubwo rwasanze ari igikorwa cyafashije mu gukora inama yacuriwemo umugambi wo gukora jenoside bigize icyaha cyo gucura umugambi wa jenoside. B.1.2. Kubirebana no kuba Mugimba Jean Baptise yarabaye icyitso muri jenoside kubera gutanga imbunda zicishijwe abatutsi muri segiteri Nyakabanda [98] Urukiko rusesenguye ubuhamya bwatanzwe na DAM, rusanga bwashingirwaho nk’ikimenyetso kigaragaza ko Mugimba Jean Baptiste yatanze imbunda zicishijwe abatutsi bo muri segiteri Nyakabanda kuko yemeza ko mu nama yabereye iwe ku wa 08/04/1994 ari we wasabye imbunda koloneli Hakizimana Edouard, akanasobanura ko nyuma y’iminsi itatu (3) yahawe imbunda eshanu (5) nawe ziha resiponsabure wa Selire kabuguru Rwagahungu Innocent uyu nawe azitanga ku mabariyeri yiciwe ho abatutsi ndetse akemeza ko nk’uwari umuyobozi ari we wahaye ibyangombwa byazo abo yari yarazihaye. Ubwo buhamya bwe buhura n’ibyo yari yaravuze abazwa mu iperereza ko ubwo bari mu nama Mugimba Jean Baptiste yasabye imbunda koloneli Hakizimana Edouard azimuha nyuma y’iminsi itatu (3). Ibi kandi bishimangirwa n’ubuhamya n’imvugo zo mu

iperereza bya DFM wari umuyobozi muri komini Nyarugenge wemeza ko hari raporo yabonye igaragaramo ko Mugimba Jean Baptiste ari mu bahaye imbunda Niyibizi wayikoresheje yica Ndungutse Jean Bosco n’uko iyo yahaye uwitwa Nkamirabashaka Sostène yayijyanaga mu bitero byo guhiga abatutsi muri segiteri ya Nyakabanda. Rusanga aba DFM avuga ko bahawe imbunda na Mugimba Jean Baptiste, banagaragara mu buhamya no mu mvugo za DAM nk’abari kuri bariyeri bafite imbunda bicishije abantu.

Page 23

[99] Ku byerekeranye n’izindi mbunda zivugwa na DFM na DBM, urukiko rusanga ibyo DFM avuga ko yabwiwe na Simbizi ko hari imbunda Mugimba Jean Baptiste yagiye gufata kuri Minisiteri y’ingabo mu ntangiriro z’ukwezi kwa Gicurasi cyangwa mu mpera z’ukwezi kwa Mata 1994 n’ibyo avuga ko ku wa 11/04/1994 yamubonye kuri “Hôtel des Diplomates” ahagarariye itangwa ry’imbunda zahabwaga impuzamugambi za CDR zari zihazanywe na koloneli Bagosora, bitashingirwaho hemezwa ko Mugimba Jean Baptiste yatanze izo mbunda kuko uretse no kuba ataregwa iby’izo mbunda, bimwe umutangabuhamya avuga ko ari ibyo yabwiwe bidashyigikiwe n’ikindi kimenyetso, ibindi na byo avuga bikagaragaramo gukekeranya kuko abishingira gusa ku kuba yaramubonye ahagararanye n’abayobozi kuri iyo hoteli. [100] Urukiko rusanga amakuru yatanzwe na DBM na yo atashingirwaho hemezwa ko Mugimba Jean Baptiste yatanze imbunda muri segiteri Nyakabanda kuko ibyo avuga ko hagati y’itariki ya 07 n’ iya 10/04/1994 Mugimba Jean Baptiste na Simbizi bari mu nama yahuje abayobozi b’amashyaka n’abasirikare iyobowe na Perefe Renzaho itangirwamo intwaro zirimo gerenade, imbunda za “kalachnikov”, amasasu na “pistolets” zo kujya mu masegiteri, uretse ko na zo ataziregwa, ayo makuru arimo kwivuguruza kuko hamwe avuga ko iyo nama yayigiyemo nk’umunyamakuru ahandi akavuga ko nta nama yahuriyemo na Mugimba Jean Baptiste. [101] Urukiko rusanga kuba

Mugabire Jean de Dieu na Murasandonyi Augustin bavuga ko imbunda zatangirwaga kuri segiteri naho DIM akavuga ko iby’itangwa ry’imbunda atabizi bitashingirwaho hemezwa ko nta mbunda Mugimba Jean Baptiste yasabiye mu nama yabereye iwe, akazihabwa zigatangwa ku mabariyeri kuko batari mu nama zasabiwemo kandi kuba hari izatangirwaga ahandi nko kuri segiteri bidakuraho ko izo yasabye yazihawe, zigatangwa ku mabariyeri nk’uko byemezwa n’abatangabumya barimo uwari muri iyo nama, unasobanura uko zatanzwe ndetse bikanemezwa n’umutangabuhamya wari umuyobozi muri komini Nyarugenge wabibonye muri raporo yahabwaga. [102] Urukiko rusanga rero ubuhamya bwatanzwe mu rukiko, imvugo zo mu iperereza bya DAM na DFM ari ibimenyetso bidashidikanywaho bigaragaza ko Mugimba Jean Baptiste yatanze inkunga y’imbunda zicishijwe abatutsi muri segiteri Nyakabanda zirimo eshanu (5) yasabiye mu nama yo ku wa 08/04/1994 azihabwa nyuma y’ iminsi itatu (3) nawe arazitanga zishyirwa ku mabariyeri. B.2. Kumenya niba Mugimba Jean Baptiste yarashyirishijeho bariyeri, akanaziyobora no kumenya niba yaragiye mu bitero byishe abatutsi - Imiburanire y’ubushinjacyaha [103] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko n’ubwo Mugimba Jean Baptiste nta muntu yishe ku giti cye ariko hari ibikorwa bifatika bigaragaza ko yagize uruhare mu iyicwa ry’abatutsi birimo gushyirishaho bariyeri ziciweho abatutsi no kuzigenzura, kuyobora ibitero no

gutegeka ko abatutsi bicwa. Busobanura ko mu nama yo ku wa 08/04/1994 hemerejwemo ko hashyirwaho bariyeri mu masegiteri ya Nyakabanda, Nyamirambo, Biryogo na Gitega kandi ko izo bariyeri zagiyeho, zinicirwaho abatutsi. [104] Bukomeza buvuga ko uwo munsi yakoreshejeho inama, mu ma saa tanu z’amanywa Mugimba Jean Baptiste yagize uruhare mu iyicwa rya Ndungutse Jean Bosco wari mu ishyaka rya PSD wiciwe hafi y’amazu y’abakozi ba BNR ari muri segiteri ya Nyakabanda, ko Mugimba Jean Baptitse wari mu gitero cyamwishe ari we wamwatse indangamuntu anategeka ko bamwica, araswa n’uwitwa Niyibizi Alphonse wakoraga muri MINITRAPE. Bukanavuga ko uretse Ndungutse, hari n’abandi batutsi yatanze ngo bicwe barimo umudogiteri wakoraga mu kigo cya ONAPO, Muhamed na Kadigiri bari abashoferi na Musayidire Fiacre. [105] Bunavuga ko yanagize uruhare mu bitero byatwaraga abatutsi bikajya kubicira munsi y’ibiro bya segiteri ya Nyakabanda birimo igitero cyagiye kwa Sekabonwa Innocent kikahatwara abakobwa batatu, icyo ku wa 21/05/1994 cyagiye kwa Bisanukuri Canisius kihasanga abatutsi kikabaka

Page 24

indangamuntu, nyuma kivanamo abatutsi kirabashorera ariko umusirikare witwaga Biseseme Jacques akabasabira imbabazi kikabareka bakagenda, ko yanagize uruhare no mu gitero cyagiye kwica abatutsi bari bahungiye kuri Croix Rouge Rwandaise mu Nyakabanda, ndetse akaba yaranagiye mu gitero cyo ku witwa Laetitia mu Nyakabanda ya II. - Imyiregurire ya Mugimba Jean Baptiste [106] Mugimba Jean Baptiste ahakana ibyo gushyiraho bariyeri agasobanura ko kuba hari izashyizweho hirya no hino mu gihugu ndetse zikicirwaho abatutsi ntawe ubihakana ariko ko zashyizweho n’abayobozi bariho nk’uko binagaragara mu rubanza rwa Renzaho Tharcisse rwaciwe n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda ahavugwa ko uyu yakoresheje inama ku wa 08/04/1994 yaherewemo abakonseye ba Nyakabanda, Nyamirambo, Biryogo na Gitega n’abasirikare bari bashinzwe kurinda Umujyi wa Kigali bari bayirimo amabwiriza yo gushyiraho za bariyeri n’uko nyuma Minisitiri w’intebe yasabye ko hashyirwaho za bariyeri mu gihugu hose mu rwego rwo gukumira abantu bacengeraga mu baturage batazi aho baturuka. Anavuga ko ikindi kigaragaza ko nta bariyeri yashyirishijeho ari uko nta wundi muntu mu babajijwe wavuze ko yamubonye kuri bariyeri. [107] Akomeza avuga ko nta n’uruhare yagize mu bitero haba ibyagiye kwa Sekabonwa, icyo kwa Bisanukuri cyo ku wa 21/05/1994, icyo kwa Laetitia mu Nyakabanda ya II ndetse n’icyagiye kwica muri

Croix rouge mu Nyakabanda kuko ababigizemo uruhare abenshi babinahaniwe, abandi bakaba bagishakishwa, ko iyo abijyamo izina rye ritari kubura kugaragara mu ikusanyamakuru ryakozwe n’inkiko Gacaca, ko n’ amakuru yatanzwe na Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya jenoside (CNLG) bisabwe n’Ubushinjacyaha atagaragaza ko hari uruhare urwo ari rwo rwose yagize mu byaha aregwa. [108] Avuga kandi ko nta n’uruhare yagize mu iyicwa rya Ndungutse Jean Bosco bakoranaga muri BNR kuko n’abatanze ubuhamya mu nkiko z’Ubuholandi barimo uwitwa Christian Djumapili nawe bakoranaga muri BNR yemeje ko yari aturanye na Ndungutse kandi ko nyuma yo ku wa 15/04/1994 yaje kumuyagira kubera urupfu rwa mubyara we wari wapfuye, ko binashimangirwa na Hategekimana Jean Damascène nawe wari umukozi wa BNR banaturanye, wemeje ko ku wa 07/04/1994 hari abantu bateye kwa Ndungutse Jean Bosco asimbukira iwe arahihisha, bigeze ku wa 12/04/1994 amubwira ko agiye kuva muri Kigali amugira inama yo kwihisha mu bandi baturanyi, bigaragaza ko ntaho ahuriye n’iyicwa rye, ko byongeye kandi urwandiko mpuzamahanga rwo gufata uwitwa Kwitonda Thadée rugaragaza ko abagize uruhare mu iyicwa rye ari Kwitonda Thadée, Kivuta Regero Innocent na Niyibizi Alphonse. Asoza avuga ko n’imvugo z’ababajijwe n’ubushinjacyaha mu iperereza nazo zivuguruzanya ku bijyanye n’iyicwa rye kandi bose bavuga ko yishwe bahari. - Ubuhamya bwatanzwe ku ishyirwaho

rya bariyeri n’ibitero byishe abatutsi [109] Umutangabuhamya DAM atanga ubuhamya mu rukiko yavuze ko Mugimba Jean Baptiste yayoboraga bariyeri yari mu marembo ye ikorwaho n’uwitwa Nkamiyabashaka Sostène, ko nko mu matariki ya 20/04/1994 Ndungutse Jean Bosco yiciwe kuri bariyeri arashwe na Niyibizi Alphonse wari kumwe na Kivuta baturutse mu rugo kwa Mugimba Jean Baptiste, kandi ko araswa uyu nawe yari ahari. Yanavuze ko hari ubwo yari avuye kuri perefegitura asanga umurambo wa Ndungutse uri imbere ya kiosque, abaza uwamwishe bamubwira ko ari Niyibizi Alphonse nabo bari kumwe baturutse kwa Mugimba Jean Baptiste. Yashoje avuga ko nta muntu yabonye Mugimba Jean Baptiste ubwe yica uretse kuba hari abantu barimo Ndungutse, Higiro Isaïe na Dr Emmanuel wakoraga muri ONAPO yashyirishije kuri lisiti y’abagombaga kwicwa kandi ko nyuma bishwe hifashishijwe imbunda yatanze. [110] DFM atanga ubuhamya mu rukiko we yavuze ko hari abantu bari barashyizwe kuri lisiti yari yarakorewe kwa Mugimba Jean Baptiste ku wa 08/04/1994 bishwe barimo Ndungutse Jean Bosco, Gakwerere, Rugwiza Michel n’umuhungu we, Jean Bosco wakoraga muri Banki y’abaturage i Nyamirambo kandi ko interahamwe yitwa Kigingi yajyaga kwica yitwaje iyo lisiti. Yanavuze ko mu kwezi kwa kane 1994 hari ubwo yanyuze imbere ya stade ya Nyamirambo hari bariyeri abaturage

Page 25

bamubwira ko Kigingi yamaze abantu ko muri iryo joro yari yishe abantu makumyabiri na bane (24). Yanavuze ko we atigeze abona Mugimba Jean Baptiste yica umuntu ariko ko icyo azi ari uko ari we washyirishijeho bariyeri yari kuri kiosque yo mu Nyakabanda, ko yanayimusanzeho yambaye imyenda ya gisirikare, ko igikorwa yahagazeho ari amagambo Mugimba Jean Baptiste yavugiye mu nama no muri mitingi ashishikariza abahutu kwanga no kwica abatutsi n’uko nk’umunyamabanga mukuru w’ishyaka rya CDR ari we wasigaye ayobora ibikorwa byayo nyuma y’urupfu rwa Bucyana Martin wari perezida w’ishyaka. [111] Umutangabuhamya Mugabire Jean de Dieu atanga ubuhamya mu rukiko yavuze ko nyuma y’iminsi nk’ine (4) cyangwa itanu(5) indege ya Habyarimana ihanuwe hari ubwo bari bahagaze ku muhanda kuri segiteri ya Nyakabanda bagera ku bantu icumi cyangwa cumi na babiri(12) barimo bashakisha aho bashyira bariyeri, uwitwa Kivuta ava mu ruhande bari bahagazemo yambuka umuhanda ajya ahari hahagaze Mugimba Jean Baptiste n’abandi, ko icyo gihe yabonye kuri segiteri ya Nyakabanda hazamuka abagabo babiri (2), umwe witwa Sibomana afite imbunda ngufi n’undi mugabo ukuze wakoraga muri Minitrape bajya aho Mugimba Jean Baptiste, Kivuta n’abandi bari bahagaze, bahageze bakuramo umugabo wakoraga muri BNR wabaga mu ishyaka rya PSD29 witwaga Bosco, baramumanukana bageze nko muri metero umunani, abona uwo Sibomana ahereza

imbunda wa mugabo bari kumwe ahita arasa Bosco mu mutwe, ko nyuma yo kumurasa uwitwa Gervais yamukuyemo isaha, ko ibyo biba yabirebaga kuko aho yari ahagaze hari hegeranye n’aho bari bari nko muri metero cumi n’imwe, ko banamujyana yatakambiye Mugimba Jean Baptiste amubwira ko nyina ari we mututsikazi, se ari umuhutu, ko aho yiciwe hashyizwe bariyeri nyuma y’iminsi nk’ibiri ariko ko atamenye uburyo yagiyeho. [112] Nkomeje Isaac we atanga ubuhamya mu rukiko yavuze ko yumvise ko Mugimba Jean Baptiste ashobora kuba yaragabye igitero ku mudamu witwa Laetitia no k’uwitwa Anselme bari baturanye, ko hari ubwo hagiyeyo abasirikare, ubundi basubirayo bafite imodoka ya gisirikare ya burende, ko ayo makuru yayumvanaga abana biyitaga abakombozi babasanze aho bari bari bavuga ko abafongisiyoneri (fonctionnaires) babahaye akazi ko kujya kuri bariyeri, ko uwitwa Omar wari utuye haruguru yo kwa Anselme nawe yavuze ko Mugimba Jean Baptiste yamugabyeho ibitero. Anavuga ko no kwa Sekabonwa Innocent bahavanye abakobwa batatu babajyana muri “Croix Rouge” baza kubatera za gerenade, ko ababijyagamo barimo Nkurunziza na Kamanayo bavugaga ko Mugimba Jean Baptiste yabigizemo uruhare kubera ko bari abaturanyi be. Yanavuze ko hari igitero cyo ku wa 21/05/1994, abasirikare babafashe babaka indangamuntu bababwira ko boherejwe na Mugimba Jean Baptiste ariko ko we atamubonyemo kuko mu gihe cya jenoside

atigeze amubona n’amaso ye ariko ko yumvaga bavuga ko ari we wohereje abantu. [113] Yavuze kandi ko hari ubwo ku itariki atibuka nka saa cyenda Mugimba Jean Baptiste ari kumwe na Venuste na Canisius yabasanze bicaye kuri bariyeri yari ku irembo rye ababwira ko inyenzi nizibarasa nabo bazirasa ahita yinjira kwa Canisius, ko icyo gihe yari afite imbunda yo mu bwoko bwa “pistolet”. Avuga ko inama azi ari iyabereye kwa Maziyateke ku wa 20/05/1994 yakoreshejwe na resiponsabule wa selire ya Mutara witwa Nyamacumu igamije kongera umutekano, gukora amarondo no gushyiraho za bariyeri n’indi nama yabaye muri Mata bitarenze ku wa 16/04/1994 yabereye kuri bariyeri ku gahanda kajya muri Karabaye ikoreshwa na Nyirimanzi Grégoire ariko ko Mugimba Jean Baptiste atari azirimo. Mu buhamya bwe hari aho avuga ko yabonye Mugimba Jean Baptiste mu gitero kwa Bisanukuri Canisius, ariko ko atamubonye kwa Sekabonwa, ahandi akavuga ko Mugimba Jean Batiste yagiye kwa Bisanukuri yitemberera. [114] Mu makuru DBM yatanze mu rukiko, mawe yasobanuye ko Mugimba Jean Baptiste yari kuri za bariyeri zo mu Gakinjiro ku muhanda uva ku cyicaro cy’ishyaka rya CDR, ku Gitega no kuri ONATRACOM, ko akenshi yabaga ahari abwira abaziriho uko bakoresha intwaro, ko yazimubonyeho

29 Parti Social Démocrate

Page 26

nk’incuro eshatu hagati y’itariki ya 7 n’iya 14/04/1994 azigenzura ababwira icyo bagomba gukora. Anavuga ko hari n’abantu baziciweho barimo Lt Mudenge wiciwe kuri iyo bariyeri y nyuma y’uko “Etat Major” ibahaye itangazo rivuga ko uwo musirikare yataye akazi, basaba ko umubona amwica, ariko ko n’ubwo uwo musirikare yiciwe kuri iyo bariyeri yashyizweho na Mugimba Jean Baptiste, yicwa uyu atari ahari. [115] Anavuga kandi ko amabwiriza ya Mugimba Jean Baptiste yo kwica yayacishaga mu matangazo kuri radiyo, nyuma akajya kuri bariyeri kureba ko yashyizwe mu bikorwa, ko yamwiboneye akora ibimenyetso (gestes) imbere y’abaziriho, ko icyamubwiye ko yarimo atanga amabwiriza ari uko yabonaga umuntu yimuka aho ari akajya ahandi bakajya gusaka imodoka n’abanyamaguru, bamwe bakabasigarana bakabica. [116] Nyabyenda Jean Marie Vianney nawe watanze amakuru mu rukiko avuga ko ku itariki ya 08/04/1994 inama yari yabereye kuri “Etat major” y’interahamwe irangiye bahagurutse bagera kuri magana abiri (200) bagaba ibitero mu bigo by’abihayimana bitandukanye, kuri Saint André, Paruwasi Karoli RLanga, ku kigo cy’Abasaveri i Nyamirambo n’icy’abafurere b’abajosefite, bica abaturage bari bahahungiye, bahavuye bajya kuri Sitade i Nyamirambo, kuri hoteli Baobab, ko bagiye no kwica abatutsi bari bakiri mu ngo zabo, ko ibyo bitero byakomeje kugera ku wa 11/04/1994 ariko ko atigeze abibonamo Mugimba Jean

Baptiste. [117] Umutangabuhamya Murasandonyi Augustin atanga ubuhamya mu rukiko yavuze ko uruhare rwa Mugimba Jean Baptiste muri Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi muri 1994 ari uko hafi y’inzira ijya iwe mu rugo habaga bariyeri yashyizweho uwari Perezida Habyarimana amaze gupfa, ikaba yarashyizweho n’abantu bakoraga muri BNR bari bahatuye barimo Mugimba Jean Baptiste kandi ko hagati y’iwe n’aho iyo bariyeri yabaga hari haciyemo ibipangu bitatu gusa, ko iyo bariyeri yabagaho abitwa Tadeyo na Thacien nabo bakoraga muri BNR. Akanavuga ko Mugimba Jean Baptiste atari kuyoberwa ishyirwaho ry’iyo bariyeri kandi ahora ayinyuraho, ko icyakora nta ruhare rwe azi mu ishyirwaho ryayo uretse kuba yarahamubonye rimwe gusa ahari nk’abandi bose bari bahatuye, ko nta n’umupanga yigeze amubonana. [118] Akomeza avuga ko iyo bariyeri yari yarashyiriweho gusaba ibyangombwa umuntu wese uyinyuzeho hagamijwe kureba ubwoko bwe, basanga ari umututsi bakamwica, ko mu bantu biciwe kuri iyo bariyeri imaze icyumweru kimwe igiyeho ari uwitwa Bosco wari umukombozi wo mu ishyaka rya PSD akaba n’umukozi wa BNR, ariko ko atazi ubwoko bwe. Anasobanura ko hari ubwo yageze kuri iyo bariyeri ari nka saa tatu (9h00) cyangwa saa yine (10h00) ahasanga abantu barimo Alphonse, Kivuta,Thacien, Nyiramana na Nyirimanzi Grégoire, abona uwitwa Tadeyo yaka Bosco indangamuntu ye bayirebyemo basanga ari umuhutu, bahita bavuga ko nta

muhutu uvuka i Nyanza, baramufata, bamugejeje nko mu ntambwe nk’eshanu uwitwa Alphonse ahita amurasa, interahamwe yitwa Nyiramana na Nyirimanzi bamuvanamo isaha n’imyenda, nyuma haza imwe mu modoka za MINITRAPE zatwaraga imirambo y’abantu bishwe n’interahamwe n’abasirikari bashyiramo umurambo we barawutwara, ko nta yandi magambo yumvise Bosco avuga uretse kubabwira ko ari umuhutu kandi ko araswa Mugimba Jean Baptiste atari ahari. [119] Anavuga ko uretse Bosco wiciwe kuri iyo bariyeri atamenye abandi bantu bayiciweho, naho bariyeri ubwayo ikaba yari igiti batambitse mu muhanda, ko nyuma y’urupfu rwa Bosco atongeye kubona Mugimba Jean Baptiste kuko umutwe w’interahamwe ukomeye witwa abazulu bamurindaga bahise bamwimura ariko ko bahavuye nta muntu bishe cyangwa ngo bamuhohotere, ko nta n’imbunda yababonanaga, ko n’inkiko Gacaca yagiyemo zo mu Nyakabanda ntazo yigeze yumva zivuga kuri Mugimba Jean Baptiste by’umwihariko, ariko ko atamenye niba hari ibyo bamuvuzeho muri Gacaca zo muri Rwezamenyo. [120] Umutangabuhamya DIM we asobanura ko muri Mata 1994 hari ubwo Mugimba Jean Baptiste n’abandi bakoranaga barimo uwitwa Thadée babonye umugabo witwa Kabanda bakoranaga muri BNR

Page 27

abanyuzeho hafi ya “Green Corner” aho bagendaga babaza ahaba hari umwanzi, bamugezeho bamubaza ubwoko bwe, abasubiza ko nyina ari umututsikazi naho se akaba ari umuhutu, barazamuka basanga umusirikare kuri Baobab bavugana nawe, aramanuka asanga Kabanda yicaye ahita amurasa aramwica, ko icyo gihe nta ntwaro yabonanye Mugimba Jean Baptie, ko nta n’ahandi yamubonye, ko we yabibonaga ari hakurya y’umuhanda, ko ibyo yabyumvanaga abasore bari bahari. Yanavuze ko kuba ataravuze iby’urupfu rwa Kabanda abazwa mu iperereza ari uko atabyibutse. [121] Umutangabuhamya DLM watanzwe na Mugimba Jean Baptiste avuga ko mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi muri 1994 yabonanye na we ku wa 15/04/1994 aje kumusura mu rugo iwe ku Gisenyi ari kumwe n’umugabo wakoraga muri Electrogaz, ko yamubwiye ko yageze ku Gisenyi ku wa 13/04/1994, anamubwira ko agiye gufungura akabare i Gisenyi, nyuma afungura akabari kuri CEPGL, anahashyira icyokezo, amuha ikiraka cyo kumugurira ibitoki, itomati n’ibitunguru akabijyanayo buri munsi, ko kakoragamo umugore we n’umukozi wotsaga inyama kandi ko na we yabaga ahari iminsi yose kuko ari we wishyuraga abagiye kugurishayo ibintu. [122] DNN nawe watanzwe na Mugimba Jean Baptiste atanga amakuru mu rukiko we yavuze ko muri Mata 1994 yabonye Mugimba Jean Baptiste ku wa 13/04/1994 aho yari yarahungiye kwa Mulindangwe Evariste bari bariganye mu Bubiligi, ahaba kugeza mu mpera z’uko kwezi yimukiye kuri CEPGL aho yari afite akabare yafunguye ku wa 17/04/1994, ko kuva icyo gihe nta makuru ajyanye n’uko Mugimba Jean Baptiste yaba yarasubiye i Kigali azi kuko buri munsi iyo yageraga ku kabare ke ku mugoroba aho yacururizaga yahamusangaga, ko yahamubonye bwa nyuma ku wa 13/07/1994.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [123] Urukiko rusanga ubushinjacyaha burega Mugimba Jean Baptiste kuba yarashyirishijeho, anagenzura bariyeri ziciweho abatutsi, ayobora ibitero birimo icyishe Ndungutse Jean Bosco, ibyatwaraga abatutsi bikajya kubicira munsi y’ibiro bya segiteri ya Nyakabanda birimo icyatwaye abakobwa batatu (3) bo kwa Sekabonwa, icyo ku wa 21/05/1994 cyagiye kwa Bisanukuri Canisius, icyagiye kwica abantu bari barahungiye kuri “Croix rouge” n’icyo kwa Laetitia mu Nyakabanda ya II. B.3. Kumenya niba Mugimba Jean Baptise yaragize uruhare mu iyicwa ry’abantu bivugwa ko bari barashyizwe kuri lisiti yakorewe mu nama yo ku wa 08/04/1994 B.3.1. Kumenya niba Mugimba Jean Baptiste yaragize uruhare mu iyicwa rya Ndungutse Jean Bosco [124] Urukiko rusesenguye Ubuhamya bwa DAM, rurasanga butagaragaza ku buryo budashidikanywaho uruhare rwa Mugimba Jean Baptiste mu iyicwa rya Ndungutse Jean Bosco kuko ibyo avuga atabihagazeho ubwe ahubwo ari ibyo yabwiwe n’abantu yari abajije abamwishe bakamusubiza ko yishwe na Niyibizi Alphonse n’abo bari kumwe baturutse kwa Mugimba Jean Baptiste n’uko yicwa uyu yari ahari ndetse bukaba budahura n’ibyo yari yaravuze abazwa n’ubugenzacyaha ku wa 09/03/2011 aho yasobanuye ko umushoferi witwa Selemani ari we wamubwiye ko yarashwe na Niyibizi Alphonse amusanze kuri bariyeri abitegetswe na Mugimba bari bavanye iwe mu rugo. [125] Rugasanga kuba Urukiko rwashingira ku gice kimwe cy’ ubuhamya nk’ aho rwashingiye ku buhamya bwa DAM kubirebana n’ inama yo ku wa 08/04/1994 ariko kubijyanye n’ urupfu rwa Ndungutse Jean Bosco ntirubushingireho bihura n’ibyemejwe mu rubanza rwa Simon Bikindi rwaciwe

Page 28

n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda aho rugaragaza ko rushobora ku gice kimwe cy’ ubuhamya rusanga gikiranuye30. [126] Urukiko runasanga n’ubuhamya bwa DFM nabwo butagaragaza uruhare rwa MUGIMBA Jean Baptiste mu iyicwa rya Ndungutse Jean Bosco kuko na we icyo ashingiraho uruhare rwe ari uko yari kuri lisiti y’abagombaga kwicwa yakorewe kwa MUGIMBA Jean Baptiste urukiko rwasanze bigize icyaha cyo gucura umugambi wo gukora jenoside. Rusanga n’ibyo avuga ko Ndungutse yiciwe kuri bariyeri yari kuri kiosque yo mu Nyakabanda yashyirishijeho, yigeze no kumusangaho yambaye imyenda ya gisirikare nabyo bitagaragaza uruhare rwe muri iryo yicwa kuko adasobanura icyo yakoze ubwo Ndungutse yicwaga, uretse ko n’iyo bariyeri avuga ko yashyirishijweho na Mugimba Jean Baptise ari ibyo avuga yamenye atavuga uwabimubwiye n’uburyo yabimenye. Kuba nanone avuga ko yamusanze kuri iyo bariyeri yambaye imyenda ya gisirikare ubwabyo bikaba bitagaragaza uruhare rwe muri ubwo bwicanyi kuko atavuga ko ubwo yahamusanga ari wo munsi Ndungutse Jean Bosco yiciweho. [127] Urukiko rusanga n’ubuhamya bwa Murasandonyi Augustin ndetse n’imvugo ze abazwa mu iperereza ku wa 31/03/2011 uvuga ko Mugimba Jean Baptiste yari kuri bariyeri ubwo Ndungutse yicwaga nabyo bitagaragaza uruhare rwa Mugimba Jean Baptiste kuko yemeza ko yicwa Mugimba Jean Baptiste atari ahari ahubwo agashingira uruhare rwe gusa

ku kuba yari kuri bariyeri yiciweho yari ku nzira iri hafi y’iwe atagaragaza ko ari we wayishyirishijeho. [128] Urukiko rusanga n’ubuhamya bwa Mugabire Jean de Dieu kimwe n’imvugo ze zo mu iperereza nabyo bitagaragaza ku buryo budashidikanywaho uruhare rwa Mugimba Jean Baptiste mu rupfu rwa Ndungutse Jean Bosco kuko arushingira gusa ku kuba yarishwe n’abantu baturutse ahandi agatakambira Mugimba Jean Baptiste wari uhagararanye n’abandi ntagire icyo akora kandi ibyo ubwabyo bikaba bitagaragaza ko ari we watumye abo bantu baza kumurobanura mu bandi bakajya kumwica. [129] Urukiko rusanga uretse ubuhamya bwatangiwe mu rukiko bwa DAM, DFM, Murasandonyi Augustin na Mugabire Jean de Dieu, hari n’imvugo za Mutegandege Charles z’ibazwa rye mu bugenzacyaha ku wa 30/03/2011 yemeza ko yabonye mugimba Jean Baptiste mu gitero cyishe Ndungutse Jean Bosco amwaka indangamuntu, anategeka ko bamwica ariko urukiko rusesenguye izo mvugo, rusanga, hashingiwe ku bitenganywa n’ingingo ya 8 igika cya kabiri n’icya gatatu y’Itegeko Nº 47/2013 ryo ku wa 16/06/2013 ryavuzwe zitashingirwaho kuko zidashyigikiwe n’ubundi buhamya bwatangiwe mu rukiko bugaragaza ko hari uwabonye Mugimba Jean Baptiste yaka Ndungutse indangamuntu, aba ari nawe utegeka ko yicwa kuko mu buhamya Murasandonyi yatangiye mu rukiko avuga ko uwamwatse indangamutu mbere y’uko yicwa ari Kwitonda Thadée, akanavuga ko icyo gihe Mugimba Jean

Baptiste atari ahari naho Mugabire Jean de Dieu nawe uvuga ko yari ahari yicwa akaba atavuga iby’uko Mugimba Jean Baptiste yamwatse indangamuntu anategeka ko yicwa ahubwo yemeza gusa ko Ndungutse yamutakambiye ntagire icyo akora. [130] Urukiko rusanga kandi ikindi gitera gushidikanya ku ruhare rwa Mugimba Jean Baptiste mu iyicwa rya Ndungutse Jean Bosco akaba ari uko abatangabuhamya Murasandonyi Augustin na Mugabire Jean de Dieu bemeza ko bari bahari yicwa bavuguruzanya kuko Murasandonyi yemeza ko Mugimba Jean Baptiste atari ahari, akanavuga ko uwamwatse indangamuntu mbere y’uko yicwa ari Thadée naho Mugabire we akemeza ko yicwa Mugimba Jean Baptiste yari ahari n’uko bamujyana yamutakambiye ntagire icyo akora.

30 ICTR-2001-72-T, Le Procureur c/ Bikindi Simon du 02/12/2008, para. 32. “…La Chambre, …même si elle a parfois décidé de ne pas se fonder sur certains aspects de la deposition d'un témoin, la Chambre a néanmoins retenu d'autres parties de celle-ci jugées fiables et credible”.

Page 29

[131] Urukiko runasanga ibyerekeranye n’igihe Ndungutse Jean Bosco yiciwe nabyo birimo urujijo kuko ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko yishwe ku wa 08/04/1994 mu masaha ya saa tanu z’amanywa naho umutangabuhamya DAM uvuga ko yashyizwe kuri lisiti y’abagomba kwicwa mu nama yabereye kwa Mugimba Jean Baptiste kuri iyo tariki akemeza ko atibuka neza itariki yiciweho ariko ari nko mu matariki ya 20/04/1994, Mugabire Jean de Dieu we akavuga ko yishwe hashize nk’iminsi ibiri cyangwa itatu indege ya Habyarimana Juvénal ihanuwe naho Murasandonyi Augustin akavuga ko atibuka itariki yiciweho ariko ko hari hashize nk’icyumweru kimwe indege y’uwari Perezida Habyarimana ihanutse. B.3.2. Kumenya niba Mugimba Jean Baptiste yaragize uruhare mu iyicwa ry’abandi bantu bari barashyizwe kuri lisiti yakorewe mu nama yo ku wa 08/04/1994 [132] Urukiko rusanga hari abandi bantu bavugwa n’abatangabuhamya ko bishwe hagendewe kuri lisiti yakorewe mu rugo kwa Mugimba Jean Baptiste mu nama yo ku wa 08/04/1994 barimo Higiro Isaie, Dr Emmanuel wakoraga muri ONAPO, Mohamedi n’uwitwa Oreste Twahirwa bavugwa na DAM, Gakwerere, Rugwiza Michel n’umuhungu we , Jean Bosco wakoraga kuri Banki y’abaturage i Nyamirambo n’abandi makumyabiri na bane (24) bishwe n’interahamwe yitwa Kigingi bavugwa na DFM, ndetse n’uwitwa Kabanda wakoraga muri BNR wiciwe hafi y’akabare ka Green Corner uvugwa na DIM. [133] Urukiko rusesenguye

ubuhamya bwabo, rusanga butashingirwaho hemezwa ko Mugimba Jean Baptiste yagize uruhare mu iyicwa ry’abo bantu kubera ko DAM na DFM bemeza ko nta muntu babonye yica, bakaba batanasobanura uburyo abo bantu bishwemo uretse gushingira uruhare rwe ku kuba abo bantu barashyizwe kuri lisiti y’abantu bagombaga kwicwa yakorewe mu rugo kwa Mugimba Jean Baptiste urukiko rwasanze urwo ruhare rwo gukoresha inama igakorerwamo ibikorwa bitandukanye birimo gushyira abantu kuri lisiti y’abagombaga kwicwa bigize icyaha cyo gucura umugambi wo gukora jenoside. [134] Urukiko rusanga kandi ibivugwa na DIM birebana n’iyicwa ry’uwitwa Kabanda atari ikimenyetso gifatika kigaragaza byanze bikunze ko ari Mugimba Jean Baptiste wategetse ko yicwa kuko ibyo asobanura ari uko abantu barimo Mugimba Jean Baptiste bahuye na Kabanda hafi y’akabari ka “Green corner” bamubaza ubwoko bwe abasubiza ko se ari umuhutu baramureka baragenda, nyuma haza umusirikare amwica amurashe n’ibyo avuga ko mbere y’uko uwo musirikare aza kumwica yabanje kuvugana na Mugimba Jean Baptiste n’abo bari kumwe kuri hoteli Baobab bikaba bitagaragaza ku buryo budashidikanywaho uruhare rwa Mugimba jean Baptiste kuko atemeza ko yari ahari ngo yumve icyo Mugimba Jean Baptiste yavuganye n’uwo musirikare kubera ko avuga ko we yari hafi y’akabari ka “Green corner” abandi bari kuri hoteli Baobab. Byongeye akaba yivuguruza kuko mu buhamya

bwe hamwe avuga ko Kabanda yicwa yabirebaga ari hakurya y’umuhanda, ahandi akavuga ko byavugwaga n’abasore bari bahari. B.4. Kumenya niba Mugimba Jean Baptiste yaragize uruhare mu bitero byatwaraga abatutsi bikabica [135] Urukiko rusanga umutangabuhamya Nkomeje Isaac ari we wenyine watanze ubuhamya ku bitero byatwaraga abantu bikajya kubicira munsi y’ibiro bya segiteri Nyakabanda birimo icyatwaye abakobwa batatu (3) bo kwa Sekabonwa, icyo ku wa 21/05/1994 cyagiye kwa Bisanukuri Canisius, icyagiye kwica abantu bari barahungiye kuri “Croix rouge” n’icyo kwa Laetitia mu Nyakabanda ya II. [136] Urukiko ruseseguye ubuhamya bwe, rusanga butashingirwaho nk’ikimenyetso kidashidikanywaho kigaragaza ko Mugimba Jean Baptiste yagize uruhare muri ibyo bitero kuko ibyo avuga atabihagazeho kubera ko ubwe asobanura ko ari amakuru yumvise bavuga ko Mugimba Jean Baptiste ashobora kuba yaragabye ibitero aho hantu. Runasanga ku byerekeranye n’igitero cyo kwa Bisanukuri Canisius cyo ku wa 21/05/1994 yivuguruza kuko hamwe avuga ko abasirikare bari bakirimo babafashe nyuma bakabarekura ari bo bababwiye ko ari Mugimba Jean Baptiste ubohereje kuko we mu

Page 30

gihe cya jenoside atigeze amubona n’amaso ye, ahandi akavuga ko yiboneye Mugimba Jean Baptiste mu gitero cyagiye kwa Bisanukuri Canisius, ahandi akavuga ko yahaje yitemberera. [137] Rusanga kandi ikindi gitera gushidikanya ku buhamya yatanze mu rukiko ari uko yemeza ko ibyo kujya mu bitero ari ibyo yumvaga bavuga ko ari Mugimba Jean Baptiste wohereje ababijyamo mu gihe mu mvugo ze zo ku wa 18/04/2011 ubwo yabazwaga n’ubugezacyaha ho yemeje ko mu gihe cya jenoside yabonye Mugimba Jean Baptiste kenshi mu bitero byatwaraga abantu bikajya kubicira munsi ya segiteri Nyakabanda iruhande rwa kabine ya ELECTROGAZ ihari, ko yanamubonye mu gitero cyagiye kwa Sekabonwa Innocent kikahatwara abakobwa batatu, anamubona mu gitero babagabyeho ku wa 21/05/1994 aho bari bari kwa Bisanukuri Canisius. [138] Urukiko rugasanga rero ubuhamya bwatanzwe mu Rukiko ku birebana n’ibitero byatwaraga abantu bikajya kubica butagaragaza ku buryo budashidikanywaho ko Mugimba Jean Baptiste yabigizemo uruhare cyane cyane ko n’imvugo z’ababajijwe mu iperereza barimo Mutegandege Charles, Kivuta Regero Innocent, Mutamuriza Xaverine, Mugenzi Charles na Imananibishaka J. Berchmans alias Sukari nazo zitagaraza ko hari ibitero Mugimba Jean Baptiste yagiyemo bikica abantu muri segiteri Nyakabanda. B.5. Kumenya niba Mugimba Jean Baptiste yaragize uruhare mu ishyirwaho rya za bariyeri ziciweho abatutsi akanaziyobora [139]

Urukiko rurasanga mu buhamya bwa DAM mu rukiko atavuga ko ibyo gushyiraho bariyeri byemerejwe mu nama yabereye mu rugo kwa Mugimba Jean Baptiste ku wa 08/04/1994 cyangwa ngo agaragaze uko bariyeri zo mu masegiteri ya Nyakabanda, Nyamirambo, Biryogo na Gitega aregwa zashyizweho n’uruhare Mugimba Jean Batiste yabigizemo uretse kuvuga ko hari imbunda yasabiye muri iyo nama, ahabwa imbunda eshanu (5) zishyirwa kuri za bariyeri zo hafi y’aho yari atuye. Rugasanga ibyo yavuze abazwa mu bugenzacyaha by’uko inama yabereye kwa Mugimba Jean Baptiste yemerejwemo ibyo gushyiraho bariyeri n’ibyo yavuze abazwa mu bushinjacyaha ko muri iyo nama hafatiwemo icyemezo cyo gushyiraho bariyeri muri segiteri Nyakabanda yose, bagena aho zigomba kujya n’abagomba kuziyobora byonyine bitashingirwaho nk’ikimenyetso kigaragaza ko muri iyo nama hafatiwemo icyo cyemezo cyo gushyiraho bariyeri kubera ko ageze mu rukiko iby’ifatwa ry’icyo cyemezo atabigarutseho. [140] Urukiko rusanga kandi ibyo DAM yemeza ko ari Mugimba Jean Baptiste wayoboraga bariyeri yari mu marembo y’urugo rwe mu Nyakabanda haruguru y’akabari ka Green corner yiciweho Ndungutse Jean Bosco, ibyo DFM avuga ko i Nyamirambo imbere ya sitade hari bariyeri yiciweho abantu bagera kuri makumyabiri na bane (24) n’ibyo DBM avuga ko yabonye Mugimba Jean Baptiste agenzura bariyeri zari ku Gitega no kuri ONATRACOM bidakuraho ugushidikanya ku kuba

Mugimba Jean Baptiste ariwe washyirishijeho izo bariyeri aranaziyobora kubera ko DAM atavuga ko yamubonye kuri bariyeri avuga ko yayoboraga yari mu Nyakabanda haruguru y’akabari ka Green corner, akaba atanagaragaza icyo yayikozeho mu rwego rwo kuyiyobora. [141] Urukiko rusanga n’ibyo DFM avuga ko ari Mugimba Jean Baptiste washyirishijeho bariyeri zari mu Nyakabanda hafi y’amazu y’abakozi ba BNR ko zaniciweho abatutsi, ko hari n’iyo yamusanzeho yambaye imyenda ya gisirikare, nabyo bitagaragaza uruhare rwe ku buryo budashidikanywaho mu gushyirishaho iyo bariyeri no kuyiyobora kuko mu buhamya bwe adasobanura uko Mugimba Jean Baptiste yayishyirishijeho n’igikorwa gifatika kigaragaza ko yayiyoboraga cyangwa ngo agaragaze uruhare yagize mu iyicwa ry’abatutsi bayiciweho, kandi kuba avuga ko yayimusanzeho yambaye imyenda ya gisirikare ubwabyo bikaba bitagaragaza uruhare rwe mu bikorwa byo kuyishyirishaho cyangwa kuyiyobora. Rusanga na none na bariyeri yari i Nyamirambo imbere ya sitade avuga ko yasanzeho abaturage bakamubwira ko interahamwe yitwa Kigingi yishe abantu makumyabiri na bane (24) atagaragaza uruhare rwa Mugimba Jean Baptiste mu ishyirwaho ryayo no mu iyicwa ry’abo bantu

Page 31

kuko uruhare rwe arushingira ku nama avuga ko yabereye kwa Mugimba Jean Baptiste kandi urukiko rukaba rwasanze iby’iyo nama n’ibyayikorewemo bigize ikindi cyaha. [142] Urukiko rusesenguye n’ubuhamya bwa Nkomeje Isaac, rurasanga nabwo butagaragaza uruhare rwa Mugimba Jean Baptiste mu gushyiraho no kuyobora bariyeri kuko ibyo avuga ari ibyo yumvanye abana biyitaga abakombozi bavuga ko abafongisiyoneri ari bo babahaye akazi ko kujya kuri izo bariyeri ariko ubuhamya bwe bukaba butagaragaza niba Mugimba Jean Baptiste yari muri abo babahaye akazi. Kuba na none avuga ko hari ubwo yari agiye kwa Canisius abasanga bicaye kuri bariyeri yari hafi y’amazu ya BNR nabyo bikaba bitagaragaza uruhare rwe mu kuyishyirishaho no kuyiyobora. [143] Urukiko rusanga kandi n’ubuhamya bwa Murasandonyi Augustin nabwo butashingirwaho nk’ikimenyetso kidashidikanywaho kigaragaza ko Mugimba Jean Baptiste yashyizeho bariyeri aranaziyobora kuko mu buhamya bwe yivuguruza hamwe avuga ko bariyeri yari hafi y’inzira ijya iwe mu rugo yashyizweho n’abantu bakoraga muri BNR bari batuye muri iyo nzira barimo na Mugimba Jean Baptiste, ahandi akavuga ko nta ruhare rwa Mugimba Jean Baptiste ubwe yaba azi ku ishyirwaho ryayo, uruhare rwe akarushingira gusa ku kuba uyu yarahoraga ayinyuraho bakamufungurira agatambuka. Ikindi kandi n’ibyo yavuze mu iperereza by’uko mu kwezi kwa kane 1994 ku itariki atibuka ari nka saa tanu

z’amanywa, yabonye Mugimba Jean Baptiste incuro imwe kuri iyo bariyeri ari kumwe na Kwitonda n’abamurindaga bitaga abazulu afite umupanga nabyo bitashingirwaho kuko atanga ubuhamya mu rukiko yemeje ko ntaho yigeze amubona afite umupanga. [144] Urukiko rusanga ikindi gitera gushidikanya ku kuba Mugimba Jean Baptiste yarashyirishijeho bariyeri yiciweho Ndungutse Jean Bosco, ari uko umutangabuhamya Mugabire Jean de Dieu avuga ko umunsi Ndungutse yicwa nta bariyeri yari ihari, ko yahashyizwe nyuma hashize nk’iminsi ibiri yishwe ariko ko atamenye uburyo yagiyeho. Rusanga n’imvugo za Mutamuriza Xaverine zo mu iperereza nazo zitagaraza uruhare rwa Mugimba Jean Baptiste mu ishyirwaho rya bariyeri yari hafi y’amazu y’abakozi ba BNR kuko icyo avuga ari uko yari yarashyizweho n’abakozi ba BNR mu rwego rwo kwirinda ariko ko atazi niba hari uruhare Mugimba Jean Baptiste yagize rwo kuyishyiraho. [145] Urukiko rusanga kandi n’amakuru yatanzwe mu rukiko na DBM ku byerekeranye na bariyeri zo mu Gakinjiro, ku Gitega no kuri ONATRACOM atagaragaza uruhare Mugimba Jean Baptiste yagize mu kuzishyirishaho no kuziyobora kuko adasobanura uburyo zagiyeho, naho ibyo avuga ko icyamubwiraga ko Mugimba Jean Baptiste yayoboraga izo bariyeri akanazitangaho amabwiriza ari uko yamubonaga akora ibimenyetso (gestes) imbere y’abaziriho bakava aho babaga bari bakajya gusaka imodoka n’abanyamaguru, bamwe

bakabasigarana, bakongera kuhanyura bagasanga abo bantu bishwe bitagaragaza uruhare rwe mu kugenzura izo bariyeri no gutanga amabwiriza yo kwica abantu ku buryo urukiko rwabiheraho rwemeza ko Mugimba Jean Baptiste yagenzuye anatanga amabwiriza yo kwica kuko DBM nawe yivugira ko icyo yabonye ari ibimenyetso yakoraga, ko atumvise ibyo yababwiraga. B.6. Kumenya niba Mugimba Jean Baptiste yarakoze urutonde rw’urubyiruko rw’impuzamugambi rwakoze imyitozo ya gisirikare, anaruha inyigisho zo kurwangisha abatutsi - Imiburanire y’ubushinjacyaha [146] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko nk’umunyamabanga Mukuru w’ishyaka rya CDR Mugimba Jean Baptiste yagize uruhare mu gutegura urutonde rw’urubyiruko rw’impuzamugambi rwa CDR rwahawe imyitozo ya gisirikare kandi ko ari rwo rwakoreshejwe, runagira uruhare runini mu kwica abatutsi mu gihugu hose rufatanyije n’interahamwe za MRND. Bugasobonura ko Mugimba Jean Baptiste ari no mu bajyaga mu kigo cya gisirikare i Gabiro gutoza urubyiruko rw’impuzamugambi n’interahamwe aruha amasomo ajyanye no kurwangisha ubwoko bw’abatutsi abumvisha ko aribo banzi b’igihugu, ko bashaka kugarura ingoma ya gihake n’uko bagomba kubarwanya kuko ari bo bahanganye,

Page 32

akanababwira ko icyabazanye muri iyo myitozo ari ukubumvisha ko bagomba kurwanya umututsi aho ava akagera. [147] Bunavuga ko uwo mugambi n’ibikorwa byo gutegura impuzamugambi za CDR zakoreshejwe kwica abatutsi yari intego y’abayobozi b’ishyaka rya CDR barimo Nahimana Ferdinand, Barayagwiza Jean Bosco na Ngeze Hassan bahamijwe ibyaha n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuhazamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (ICTR), aho urwo rukiko rwemeje ko CDR yari ifite urubyiruko rwitwaga impuzamugambi za CDR rukaba rwaritwaraga gisirikare rugashyiraho rukanagenzura bariyeri zicirwagaho abatutsi. - Imyiregurire ya Mugimba Jean Baptiste [148] Mugimba Jean Baptiste n’abamwunganira bavuga ko n’ubwo ubushinjacyaha bumurega ibikorwa byo gukora urutonde rw’urubyiruko rwa CDR no kurutoza nk’ibigize icyaha cyo kuba icyitso cy’abakoze jenoside ariko ibyo bikorwa byari bigize icyaha cyo kurema umutwe w’abagizi ba nabi atagomba gukurikiranwaho nk’uko bigaragara mu Masezerano yo kumwohereza kuburanira mu Rwanda. Basobanura ko mu gusuzuma ibyo bikorwa urukiko rwazareba ibikorwa bijyanye n’icyaha cyo kurema umutwe w’abagizi ba nabi byari mu rwandiko mpuzamahanga rwo kumufata (international arrest warrant), ibiri mu masezerano yo kumwohereza, ibyemezo byafatiwe mu Buholandi birimo icyemezo cya “The Hague District Court” ku rwego rwa nyuma n’icyemezo cya Minisitiri w’umutekano n’ubutabera w’Ubuholandi cyemera iyoherezwa

rya Mugimba Jean Baptiste mu Rwanda. [149] Bakomeza bavuga ko n’umutangabuhamya w’ubushinjacyaha Nyabyenda Jean Marie Vianney wari waramushinje mu iperereza kugira uruhare mu itozwa ry’urubyiruko rw’interahamwe n’impuzamugambi mu kigo cya gisirikare i Gabiro yageze mu rukiko arabihakana avuga ko atigeze ahamubona, ko rero nta ruhare urwo ari rwo rwose yagize mu gutegura no gutoza urwo rubyiruko. [150] Basoza bavuga na none ko mu gihe cya jenoside atari akigaragara cyane mu bikorwa by’ishyaka rya CDR nk’umunyamabanga mukuru waryo kubera ko yari yaramenye amakuru y’ibintu bitari byiza byarimo biba, umuntu amugira inama yo gushaka impapuro z’uburwayi kugira ngo adakomeza kugaragara mu bikorwa by’ishyaka, ko n’izo mpapuro yazishyikirije ubushinjacyaha kugira ngo buzikoreshe ariko ntibwabikora kuko bwumvaga bwafashe umwe mu bayobozi ba CDR bakomeye igifi kinini n’ubwo ubu buvuga ko butamukurikiranye nk’uwari umunyamabanga mukuru w’ishyaka rya CDR.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [151] Ubushinjacyaha burega Mugimba Jean Baptiste kuba yarakoze urutonde rw’urubyiruko rw’impuzamugambi rwahawe imyitozo ya gisirikare, ko yanaruhaye inyigisho zo kurwangisha abatutsi n’uko urwo rubyiruko ari rwo rwakoreshejwe mu kwicwa abatutsi mu gihugu hose. Mugimba Jean Baptiste n’abamwunganira bo bavuga ko hakurikijwe amasezerano yo kumwohereza kuburanira mu Rwanda atakurikiranwaho ibyo bikorwa kuko byari bigize icyaha cyo kurema umutwe w’abagizi ba nabi cyakuwe mu byaha agomba gukurikiranwaho ageze mu Rwanda. [152] Urukiko rusanga mu batangabuhamya bavuze ku byerekeranye no gutoza urubyiruko rw’impuzamugambi ari DFM, DBM na Nyabyenda Jean Marie Vianney. DFM atanga ubuhamya mu rukiko yavuze ko uruhare rwe mu myitozo y’impuzamugambi ari uko hari imyitozo Simbizi Stanislas wari Perezida wazo yakoresheje iwe mu rugo kandi ko atari kuyikoresha Mugimba Jean Baptiste wari umunyambanaga Mukuru wa CDR atabizi. Yanavuze ko no mu 1993 impuzamugambi zagiye kwitoreza mu bigo bya gisirikare biri i Gako, Gabiro n’ahandi kandi ko zitari kujyayo atabizi kuko nk’umunyamabanga mukuru wa CDR ari we wateguraga ibikorwa by’ishyaka.

Page 33

[153] DBM watanze amakuru mu Rukiko we avuga ko uruhare rwa Mugimba Jean Baptiste mu itegurwa rya jenoside ari uko yoherezaga urubyiruko rwa CDR kwifatanya n’interahamwe mu myitozo mu bigo bya gisirikare mu Bigogwe, i Gabiro n’ahandi. Agasobanura ko ubwo yakoraga mu biro bya Perezida w’interahamwe Kajuga Robert byari mu gipangu cy’inzu ya Kabuga ku Muhima yabonaga lisiti z’urwo rubyiruko rwohorejwe gutozwa ziriho umukono wa Mugimba Jean baptiste, ko hari n’amasomo urwo rubyiruko rwakoreraga aho mu gipangu, ko ari n’urwo rubyiruko rwishe umugore witwaga Fatuma wari utuye mu Bigogwe. [154] Nyabyenda Jean Marie Vianney we mu makuru yatanze mu rukiko avuga ko atabonye Mugimba Jean Baptiste mu myitozo yabereye i Gabiro muri 1992, ko atanamubonye mu baje gutanga amasomo yo kwanga abatutsi. [155] Urukiko rusesenguye ibimenyetso byatanzwe kubirebana n’uko Mugimba Jean Baptiste yakoze urutonde rw’urubyiruko rw’impuzamugambi rwahawe imyitozo ya gisirikare, anaruha inyigisho zo kurwangisha abatutsi n’uko urwo rubyiruko yahaye imyitozo ari rwo rwakoreshejwe mu kwica abatutsi mu gihugu hose, rusanga bitera gushidikanya kuko ibyo DFM avuga by’uko Simbizi Stanislas wari umukuru w’impuzamugambi atari kuzitoreza iwe mu rugo Mugimba Jean Baptiste wari umunyamabanga mukuru wa CDR atabizi no kuba zitari kujya gutorezwa mu bigo bya gisirikare atabizi atari ikimenyetso gihagije kigaragaza uruhare

rwe kubera ko ibyo avuga ari igitekerezo cye ashingira ku mwanya Mugimba Jean Baptiste yari afite mu ishyaka ariko atagaragaza igikorwa gifatika yakoze ubwe. [156] Urukiko runasanga n’amakuru yatanzwe na DBM nayo atashingirwaho hemezwa ko Mugimba Jean Baptiste yakoze ibyo bikorwa kuko ibyo yavuze mu rukiko bitandukanye n’ibyo yavuze abazwa mu iperereza kubera ko mu rukiko yemeje ko ubwo we yakoraga mu biro bya Perezida w’interahamwe Kajuga Robert yabonaga lisiti z’urwo rubyiruko rwohorejwe gutozwa ziriho umukono we ariko abazwa n’Ubushinjacyaha ku wa 06/12/2016 akaba ataravuze ko ayo malisiti yabaga ariho umukono we kuko icyo gihe yavuze akekeranya ko ayo malisiti atari kuza mu bunyamabanga bwa biro y'interahamwe ku rwego rw'igihugu ubunyamabanga bw’ishyaka rya CDR butabizi kandi bwari buyobowe na Mugimba Jean Baptiste. [157] Byongeye kandi DBM abazwa mu bugenzacyaha ku wa 09/03/2011 akaba ataravuze ko izo lisiti ari Mugimba Jean Baptiste wabaga wazishyizeho umukono ahubwo ibyo yasobanuye akaba ari uko urubyiruko rwa MRND, CDR n’amashyaka ya Power rwakoraga imyitozo ya gisirikare n’uko amalisiti yarwo yabaga yavuye mu bunyamabanga bwa komite nyobozi y’ishyaka. Rusanga n’ibyo avuga ko urubyiruko Mugimba Jean Baptise yari yarohereje mu myitozo ari rwo rwishe umugore witwaga Fatuma wari utuye mu Bigogwe bitahabwa ishingiro kuko mu makuru yatanze atagaragaje abamwishe abo ari bo ku

buryo urukiko rwabiheraho rubihuza na Mugimba Jean Baptiste. [158] Urukiko rusanga nk’uko byasobanuwe Nyabyenda Jean Marie Vianney we atakwizerwa kuko yagiye arangwa no kwivuguruza gukomeye ku buryo urukiko rwashingira kubyo yavuze mu rukiko by’uko atabonye Mugimba Jean Baptiste mu myitozo yabereye i Gabiro muri 1992, ko atanamubonye mu baje gutanga amasomo no kubyo yavugiye mu iperereza abazwa mu bushinjacyaha by’uko yahamubonye n’uko yari mu babahaga ayo masomo. [159] Urukiko kandi n’ ibyo Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko urubyiruko Mugimba Jean Baptitse yohereje mu myitozo ari rwo rwifahishijwe mu kwica abatutsi mu gihugu hose nabyo nta shingiro bifite kuko uretse kubivuga muri rusange butagaragaza urubyiruko yohereje mu myitozo urwo ari rwo, ibikorwa by’ubwicanyi rwakoze, igihe byakorewe n’aho rwabikoreye ku buryo byashingirwaho hemezwa ko urwo rubyiruko ari rwo rwifashishijwe muri jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu gihugu hose.

Page 34

[160] Urukiko runasanga mu bikorwa Ubushinjacyaha bwari bukurikiranyeho Mugimba Jean Baptiste busaba ko yoherezwa kuburanira mu Rwanda bigaragara mu rwandiko mpuzamahanga rwo kumufata harimo kuba hagati ya 1992 na 1994, by’umwihariko hagati y’itariki ya 6 Mata n’iya 4 Nyakanga 1994 Mugimba Jean Baptiste wari mu ishyaka rya CDR afatanyije n’abandi bayobozi b’amashyaka arimo irya MRND bararemye umutwe w’abagizi ba nabi w’interahamwe, banaha interahamwe n’impuzamugambi zawo imbunda n’imyitozo ya gisirikare n’andi mahugurwa31. [161] Rugasanga kandi ibyo Mugimba Jean Baptiste avuga ko yarezwe ibirebana no gukora urutonde rw’urubyiruko rwahawe imyitozo ya gisirikare nk’igikorwa kigize cyaha cyo kuba icyitso muri jenoside ataragombaga kukiregwa kuko asanga icyo gikorwa cyarakuwe mu byo yagombaga kuregwa ageze mu Rwanda kubera ko cyari mu bigize icyaha cyo kurema umutwe w’abagizi ba nabi yari akurikiranyweho bifite ishingiro kuko, n’ubwo rwasanze nta bimenyetso bigaraza ko yakoze icyo gikorwa cyo guha impuzamugambi n’interahamwe imyitozo ya gisirikare, ariko mu bikorwa byari byarashingiweho aregwa icyo cyaha byakuwe mu byo yagombaga gukurikiranwaho ageze mu Rwanda. [162] Iby’uko Mugimba Jean Baptiste atagombaga kuregwa ibyo bikorwa bigaragara mu cyemezo cyafashwe na “The Hague District Court” cyo ku wa 11/07/2014 n’icyemezo cya Minisitiri w’umutekano n’ubutabera w’igihugu cy’Ubuholandi

cyemera iyoherezwa rya Mugimba Jean Baptiste (Decision of Minister of security and justice allowing extradiction of Mugimba Jean Baptiste) cyo ku wa 03/06/2015 byemeje ko Mugimba Jean Baptiste yoherezwa mu Rwanda binavuga ko atazakurikiranwaho icyaha cyo kurema umutwe w’abagizi ba nabi hashingiwe bikorwa birimo kuba hagati ya Mata na Nyakanga 1994 Mugimba Jean Baptiste afatanyije n’abandi bayobozi b’amashyaka, ubuyobozi bw’interahamwe n’abandi bayobozi b’abasivile n’abasirikare yarahaye interahamwe imbunda, amahugurwa n’ibindi bikoresho bigaragara mu gace ka 7 k’urwandiko mpuzamahanga rwo kumufata (count 7) no mu nyandiko itanga ikirego ubushinjacyaha bwashingiyeho busaba ko yoherezwa mu Rwanda32 kubera ko icyo cyaha kidateganywa n’amasezerano mpuzamahanga arebana n’icyaha cya jenoside. Rugasanga imbunda zivuzwe muri iki gika ari imbunda yatanze afatanyije n’ abandi bayobozi barimo ab’ amashyaka n’ ubuyobozi bw’ interahamwe ziri mu bikorwa byashingiweho aregwa icyaha cyo kurema umutwe w’ abagizi ba nabi hasabwa ko yoherezwa mu Rwanda zitandukanye n’imbunda eshanu (5) yasabye ku giti cye mu nama yabereye iwe ku wa 08/04/1994 akazihabwa nyuma y’iminsi itatu (3) na we akazitanga zigashyirwa ku mabariyeri yiciweho abatutsi rwasanze zimugira icyitso muri jenoside. [163] Iby’uko atazaregwa icyo cyaha binashimangirwa n’ibaruwa Ubushinjacyaha bukuru bwandikiye Minisiteri w’umutekano

n’ubutabera w’igihugu cy’Ubuholandi ku wa 21/01/201533; bityo kuba yararezwe ibikorwa byari byarashingiweho aregwa icyo cyaha bikaba binyuranyije n’ihame ryo kudakurikiranwaho icyaha cyakuwe mu byo umuntu yaregwa ageze mu gihugu yoherejwe kuburaniramo (The rule of speciality of extradition)34. B.7. Kumenya niba Mugimba Jean Baptiste yaratanze umugabanye hashingwa radiyo RTLM bimugira icyitso muri jenoside

31 International arrest warrant against Mugimba Jean Baptiste, November, p. 28-30 (cote 314-316), count 7. 32 “The Minister of security and justice had decided to refuse the extradition to Rwanda for the person claimed with regard to the fact described as count 7 in the arrest warrant under 1.2: “formation, membership, leadership and participation in an association of a criminal gang whose purpose and existence is to do harm to people or their property dued to the absence of a treaty basis. The Minister of security and justice has decided to allow the extradition of the person claimed to Rwanda with regard, to the prosecution of the facts as mentioned in count 1 to 6 in extradition request referred to under 1.2”. 33 “Finally, I guarantiee to the Hon. Minister that once extradited, Jean Baptiste Mugimba will not be prosecuted, tried, punished or have his personal freedom limited in any other way than for crimes for which extradition is authorized, the response on guarantees sought regarding Mr Mugimba’s extradition of Prosecutor general on 21th January 2015”. 34 “Under the principle of speciality a state which has received a criminal defendant pursuant to an extradition treaty may try the defendant only for those offenses for which he or she was extradited”, Internatonal extradition, The principle of speciality and effective treaty Enforcement”, Kenneh G. Levitt, University of Minnesota Law School, 1992, p 1018.

Page 35

- Imiburanire y’ubushinjacyaha [164] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko kuba Mugimba Jean Baptiste yaratanze imigabane ingana n’ibihumbi icumi by’amafaranga y’u Rwanda (10.000 Fr) mu gutangiza radiyo RTLM ari inkunga ya ngombwa yatanze mu ikorwa rya jenoside kubera ko iyo radiyo yagize uruhare mu gukangurira abahutu kwica abatutsi, iba n’igikoresho cyakoreshejwe mu gushishikariza urubyiruko rwa CDR n’Interahamwe mu kubica kuko yakwirakwije urwango mu banyarwanda, aho yasobanuraga ko umwanzi ari umututsi, ko abahutu bagomba gufata intwaro bakamurwanya aho ava akagera, ikanatangaza amazina y’abagomba kwicwa n’aho baherereye. - Imyiregurire ya Mugimba Jean Baptiste [165] Mugimba Jean Baptiste avuga ko yemera ko yari afite imigabane muri radiyo RTLM ingana n’ibihumbi icumi by’amafaranga y’u Rwanda (10.000 Fr), ko icyo atemera ari ibisobanuro ubushinjacyaha butanga buhuza iyo migabane na jenoside yakorewe abatutsi. Akomeza avuga ko iyo migabane yayitanze mu rwego rwo gushyigikira igitekerezo cyo gushinga indi radiyo televisiyo yigenga yunganira radiyo y’Igihugu, ko kwari ugukora ubucuruzi bisanzwe. Anavuga ko ikibazo cyabaye ari uko abakozi bayo na bamwe mu bayishinze bishe amategeko shingiro ayishyiraho bigisha urwango kandi muri ayo mategeko byari bibujijwe. Asoza avuga ko n’imanza zaciwe n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda nk’uko urwa Bagosora na bagenzi be rwagaragaje ko abanyamigabane ba RTLM bataryozwa ibyo yakoze.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [166] Ubushinjacyaha burega Mugimba Jean Baptiste kuba yaratanze imigabane ingana n’ibihumbi icumi by’amafaranga y’u Rwanda (10.000 Fr) mu gutangiza radiyo RTLM busobanura ko ari inkunga ya ngombwa imugira icyitso cy’abakoze jenoside. [167] Mugimba Jean Baptiste yemera ko yari umunyamigabane wa radiyo RTLM asobanura ko yaguze imigabane mu rwego rwo gushyigikira igitekerezo cyo gushinga indi radiyo na televiziyo yigenga yunganira radiyo y’Igihugu agamije gukora ubucuruzi bisanzwe kandi ko mu mategeko shingiro yayo kwigisha urwango byari bibujijwe. [168] Mu buhamya bwatanzwe ku birebana no kuba Mugimba Jean Baptiste yari mu bashinze RTLM harimo DFM na DBM, DFM asobanura ko Mugimba Jean Baptiste yari umunyamigabane muri RTLM akaba n’umuterankunga w’ikinyamakuru cya Kangura. Anavuga ko ubwe yanaganiriye na Ngenze Hassan nyir’icyo kinyamakuru amubwira ko mu bantu bamufashaga kugira ngo gisohoke barimo Mugimba Jean Baptiste, Barayagwiza, Renzaho, Simbikangwa n’abandi, ko Mugimba Jean Baptiste ari we wamuhaga inkuru yandikaga icyo gihe. [169] DBM we avuga ko kuri radiyo RTLM hatambutse amatangazo menshi harimo n’iryo Mugimba Jean Baptiste ryavugagamo ko bagomba kubumbatira ibyavuye muri revolisiyo yo mu 1959, ko barwanya umututsi bakamwica mbere y’uko nawe abica. Anavuga ko ayo matangazo yazanwaga kuri Radio n’abapulanto, ko hari n’ibiganiro mpaka Mugimba Jean

Baptiste yakoranye na Barayagwiza Jean Bosco kuri radiyo bigisha abaturage ububi bw’abatutsi naho iby’uko yari mu bashinze RTLM yabibonye mu mategeko shingiro yayo (statuts). [170] Urukiko rusesenguye ibyo bimenyetso byose rusanga n’ubwo Mugimba Jean Baptiste yari umunyamigabane wa RTLM nk’uko abyemera, bikanagaragazwa n’urutonde ruri muri dosiye rw’abatanze imigabane yo gutangiza iyo radiyo, bikaba binavugwa na DFM na DBM atari inkunga ya

Page 36

ngombwa ku bakoze jenoside kuko nta kigaragaza ku buryo budashidikanywaho ko atanga iyo migabane mu gihe cy’ishingwa ryayo yari azi neza ko iyo radiyo izakangurira abahutu kwica abatutsi, ikaba n’igikoresho mu kubiba urwango, hakaba nta n’ikigaragaza ko hari urundi ruhare yagize mu mikorere yayo ya buri munsi. Ibyo kuba uwatanze imigabane mu ishingwa rya radiyo RTLM gusa ariko ntagaragare mu bikorwa byayo ataryozwa ibijyanye n’imikorere ndetse n’ibiganiro by’iyo radiyo ni byo byemejwe n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda mu rubanza rwa Bagosora Théoneste na bagenzi be35. [171] Runasanga n’ibyo DBM yavuze mu rukiko no mu iperereza by’uko kuri RTLM hatambutse amatangazo menshi harimo n’irya Mugimba Jean Baptiste, ndetse n’ibiganiro mpaka yakoranye na Barayagwiza bivuga ko bagomba kubumbatira ibyavuye muri revolisiyo yo mu 1959 no gukangurira kwica abatutsi, uretse kuba ari amakuru yahaye urukiko adashyigikiwe n’ikindi kimenyetso, nta n’icyo rwabivugaho kuko icyo aregwa hano ari ugutanga umugabane muri RTLM nk’inkunga ya ngombwa kubakoze jenoside. [172] Urukiko rusanga kandi n’ubuhamya bwa DFM n’imvugo ze zo mu iperereza by’uko Mugimba Jean Baptiste yari n’umuterankunga w’ikinyamakuru cya Kangura n’uko ari we wahaga Ngeze Hassan inkuru yandikaga icyo gihe, uretse kuba atabiregwa n’ibyo avuga nabyo ni amabwire adashyigikiwe n’ikindi kimenyetso cyatangiwe mu

iburanisha. - Icyo amategeko avuga ku bijyanye no kuba icyitso muri jenoside (complicity in genocide) [173] Mu rwego rw’amategeko, urukiko rusanga ingingo ya 98 y’Itegeko Ngenga No 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho Igitabo cy’amategeko ahana, agace kayo ka gatatu (3) isobanura ko icyitso ari uwafashije uwakoze icyaha mu byagiteguye, mu byoroheje imikorere yacyo cyangwa mu byakinonosoye kandi yarabikoze abizi cyangwa uwoheje uwakoze icyaha36 . Urukiko runasanga ibyo bisobanuro binatangwa n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange37.

35 “La Chambre relève que Bagosora, Nsengiyumva et Ntabakuze faisaient partie des 1 137 actionnaires de la RTLM. Elle constate que Bagosora semble en particulier détenir des intérêts importants dans cette station, attendu que ses 50 actions constituaient l’un des plus gros portefeuilles détenus par un seul individu. Elle fait observer qu’il n’existe aucun élément de preuve tendant à établir que la qualité d’actionnaire de la RTLM conférait aux accusés un rôle quelconque dans le fonctionnement de la station ou dans la conception de ses emissions …”, ICTR-98-41-T, Le Procureur c. Théoneste Bagosora et consorts, 18/12/2008, p.234, par. 642. 36 Ingingo ya 98 y’Itegeko Ngenga No 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana ivuga ko amagambo akurikira muri iri tegeko ngenga, asobanura: 1° Uwakoze icyaha ari uwagikoze ubwe; ko umufatanyacyaha ari uwafatanyije ku buryo butaziguye n‟uwakoze icyaha naho 3° icyitso ari uwafashije uwakoze icyaha mu byagiteguye, mu byoroheje imikorere yacyo cyangwa mu byakinonosoye kandi yarabikoze abizi, cyangwa uwoheje uwakoze icyaha, ko yitwa kandi icyitso uwahishe inkozi z‟ibibi cyangwa uwazifashije guhisha mu buryo buteganywa mu ngingo ya 327 y‟iri tegeko ngenga. 37 Ingingo ya 2 , 5o y’Itegeko Nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko icyitso ari umuntu wafashije uwakoze icyaha mu

byagiteguye bigaragarira muri kimwe mu bikorwa bikurikira: a) utuma hakorwa icyaha akoresheje igihembo, isezerano ry’igihembo, iterabwoba, agakabyo k’ubutegetsi cyangwa k’ububasha cyangwa amabwiriza agamije gukoresha icyaha; b) ufasha uwakoze icyaha mu byagiteguye, mu byoroheje imikorere yacyo cyangwa mu byakinonosoye kandi yarabikoze abizi, cyangwa uwashishikaje uwakoze icyaha; c) utuma undi akora icyaha akoresheje imbwirwaruhame, urusaku rushishikaza cyangwa iterabwoba, bibereye ahantu hateraniye abantu barenze babiri (2), inyandiko, ibitabo cyangwa ibindi byanditswe n’icapiro, biguzwe cyangwa bitangiwe ubuntu cyangwa byatangarijwe ahantu hateraniye abantu benshi, amatangazo amanitse cyangwa yeretswe rubanda d) uwahishe uwakoze icyaha, umufatanyacyaha cyangwa uwahishe icyitso kugira ngo ataboneka cyangwa adafatwa, umufasha kwihisha cyangwa gucika cyangwa umuha aho kwihisha cyangwa uwamufashije guhisha ibintu byakoreshejwe cyangwa byagenewe gukoreshwa icyaha; e) uwahishe abizi ikintu cyangwa ibikoresho byakoreshejwe cyangwa byagenewe gukoresha icyaha; f) uwiba, uhisha cyangwa wonona nkana ku buryo ubwo aribwo bwose ibintu byagombye gufasha kugenza icyaha, gutahura ibimenyetso cyangwa guhana abakoze icyaha.

Page 37

[174] Kuba icyitso byanasobanuwe mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda nka bumwe mu buryo bwo kugira uruhare mu ikorwa ry’icyaha buteganyijwe mu mategeko y’ibihugu byose yaba aya “Common Law” cyangwa aya “Civil Law”, ko icyitso ari uwifatanyije n’icyaha cyakozwe n’undi, kandi ko kuba icyitso bisaba ko habaho icyaha cy’ ibanze38. [175] Urukiko rusanga kuba icyitso muri jenoside nk’icyaha biteganywa n’ingingo ya 132 agace ka 5 y’Itegeko Ngenga no 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana iteganya ko gushyigikira umuntu ushaka gukora jenoside n’ubwo atagishyira mu bikorwa ahanwa nk’uwakoze icyaha cya jenoside. Ingingo ya 93 agace ka 5 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu yo iteganya icyitso muri jenoside ariko ikabyita ubufatanyacyaha muri jenoside (complicity in genocide) nka kimwe mu bikorwa bihanwa nk’icyaha cya jenoside. Rusanga kandi kuba icyitso muri jenoside binateganywa n‘ingingo ya 3.e y’Amasezerano Mpuzamahanga yo ku wa 09/12/1948 arebana no gukumira no guhana icyaha cya jenoside39. [176] Urukiko rurasanga mu rubanza rwa Alfred Musema Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda rwaravuze ko mu gusobanura icyaha cyo kuba icyitso bigomba gukorwa uko biteganywa n’ Igitabo cy’amategeko ahana cy’u Rwanda hafatwa

uburyo butatu (3) bwo kukigiramo uruhare buteganywa n’ingingo ya 91 y‘Itegeko-Teka N° 21/77 ryo ku wa 18 Kanama 1977 ryerekeye Igitabo cy’Amategeko ahana nk’ubugize ibikorwa byo kuba icyitso mu cyaha cya jenoside, ko ibyo bikorwa ari ugutanga ibikoresho nk’ intwaro cyangwa ubundi buryo bwose bufasha gukora jenoside, gutanga inkunga cyangwa kuba hafi y‘uwakoze icyaha cya jenoside mu byagiteguye cyangwa byatumye gikorwa no koshya uwakoze icyaha amuha amabwiriza, ibihembo, amutera ubwoba, agira ibyo amusezeranya n‘ ibindi40. [177] Uretse ibyo bikorwa bifatika bigize icyo cyaha, mu gihe icyaha kirimo gikorwa, ugikora agomba kuba arimo gufasha ukora icyaha cy’ibanze, bivuze ko amufasha azi neza ibyo arimo gukora nk’ uko byasobanuwe mu manza zinyuranye zaciwe n’ urwo Rukiko nko mu rwa Alfred Musema41, urwa

38 “La Chambre constate que la complicité est une forme de participation criminelle prevue par tous les systèmes juridiques de droit criminel, notamment le systèmes Anglo-saxon (ou La “Common Law”) et par le système de tradition romano-continentale (ou La “CiviL Law “). Le complice d’ une infraction pouvant être défini comme celui qui s’ unit à une infraction commise par un autre. La complicité suppose nécessairement l’ existence d’une infraction principale”: The Prosecutor v. Akayezu, ICTR-96-4-T of 2nd September 1998, par. 527. 39 Article 3 de la convention pour la prévention et la repression du crime de génocide: “Seront punis les actes suivants: a) le génocide; b) l’entente en vue de commettre le génocide; c) l’incitation directe et publique à commettre le génocide; d) la tentative de génocide; e) la complicité de genocide”. 40 “The Chamber is of the opinion that it is necessary to define complicity as per the Rwandan Penal Code, and to consider the first three forms of criminal participation referred to in Article 91 of said Code, which defines the elements of complicity in genocide, thus: (a) Complicity by procuring means, such as weapons, instruments or any other means, used to commit genocide, with the accomplice knowing that such means would be used for such a purpose;(b) Complicity by knowingly aiding or abetting a perpetrator of a genocide in the planning or enabling

acts thereof; (c) Complicity by instigation, for which a person is liable who, though not directly participating in the crime of genocide, gave instructions to commit genocide, through gifts, promises, threats, abuse of authority or power, machinations or culpable artifice, or who directly incited the commission of genocide”: The Prosecutor v. Alfred Musema, ICTR-96-13-A of 27 January 2000, par.179., See also Prosecutor v. Akayezu, ICTR-96-4-T of 2nd September 1998, par. 537. 41 “S’agissant de l’élément moral ou intentionnel de la complicité en général, la Chambre estime qu’il suppose la conscience chez l’agent, au moment où il agit, du concours qu’il apporte dans la réalisation de l’infraction principale. Autrement dit, l’agent doit avoir agi en connaissance de cause” The Prosecutor v. Alfred Musema, ICTR-96-13-A of 27 January 2000, para .180.

Page 38

Jévenal Kajelijeli42 n’urwa Elisaphan Ntakirutimana na Gérard Ntakirutimana43, ko icyakora atari ngombwa ko ugikora ubwe aba afite umugambi wo gukora jenoside nk‘ufitwe n‘ uwo wakoze icyo cyaha cy‘ ibanze44. [178] Harebwe rero ibimaze gusobanurwa ku birebana n’ingingo z’amategeko zavuzwe n’imanza zaciwe, rukabihuza no kuba MUGIMBA Jean Baptiste yarasabye anatanga imbunda azi ko zizakoreshwa mu kwica abatutsi, rusanga ahamwa n‘icyaha cyo kuba icyitso muri jenoside giteganywa n‘ ingingo ya 93 agace ka 5 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu cyanateganywaga n’ingingo ya 132 5o y’Itegeko Ngenga No 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana. - Ku byerekeranye n’ibihano [179] Ubushinjacyaha busaba ko mu kugena ibihano urukiko rwashingira ku biteganywa n’Itegeko Nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange aho gushingira ku Itegeko Ngenga No 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana bwashingiyeho bumurega kuko ari ryo riteganya ibihano bito maze rugahanisha Mugimba Jean Baptiste igifungo cya burundu ku byaha byose aregwa kubera ko bigize impurirane mbonezamugambi. [180] Mugimba Jean Baptiste we asaba Urukiko kumugira umwere no kumufungura urubanza rukimara gusomwa kubera ko nta bimenyetso ubushinjacyaha bwagaragarije urukiko byashingirwaho rumuhamywa icyaha cyo gucura umugambi wo gukora jenoside n’icyo kuba icyitso muri jenoside.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [181] Urukiko rusanga MUGIMBA Jean Baptiste yararezwe hashingiwe ku Itegeko Ngenga No 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana ryateganyaga igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu cy’umwihariko ariko kuboherejwe kuburanira mu Rwanda bagahanishwa igifungo cya burundu. Urubanza rutarasozwa hasohotse Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange naryo riteganya igihano cya burundu ku byaha birebana na jenoside, rikanateganya mu ngingo yaryo ya 335 ko ibyaha bya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi n’ibindi byaha byibasiye inyoko muntu byakozwe hagati y’itariki ya mbere Ukwakira 1990 n’iya 31 Ukuboza 1994 bihanwa hakurikijwe ibihano biteganyijwe muri iri Tegeko; bityo kuba amategeko yombi ateganya ibihano bimwe hakaba hagomba gukurikizwa Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu.45 [182] Urukiko rusanga, nk’uko byasobanuwe, Mugimba Jean Baptitse ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucura umugambi wo gukora jenoside kubera ubwumvikane bwo gukora jenoside bwabereye mu nama yabereye iwe mu rugo ku wa 08/04/1994 n’icyaha cyo kuba icyitso muri jenoside (complicity in jenoside) kubera gutanga imbunda zakoreshejwe mu kwica abatutsi. Rugasanga Ibyo byaha biteganywa n’ingingo ya 93 1o, 5o y’Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 y’Itegeko rigena ibyaha n’ibihano

42 “Dans les cas de complicité, la volonté criminelle requise existe dès lors que l’agent agit sachant qu’il aide l’auteur principal ou les auteurs principaux à commettre le crime matériel. Il n’est pas nécessaire que l’accusé connaisse l’infraction précise qui est en train d’être commise par l’auteur principal ou les auteurs principaux, mais il doit avoir connaissance des éléments essentiels du crime matériel et doit avoir agi en ayant conscience qu’il soutenait de la sorte la commission du crime materiel”: Le procureur C/ Juvénal Kagelijeli, ICTR-98-44A-Tdu 1erDécembre 2003, Para. 768. 43 “La mens rea requise pour I'aide et I'encouragement à commettre le génocide est la connaissance que le complice avait de l’ intention génocidaire qui animait les auteurs principaux”: ICTR-96-I 0-A et ICTR- 96-17-A, Le Procureur C/ Elisaphan Ntakirutimana et Gérard Ntakirutimana, para. 364. 44 Le Procureur C/ Emamnuel Ndindabahizi; ICTR-2001-71-T du 15/07/2004 Para.

457. Cfr aussi Jugement Laurent Semanza, para.388; Arrêt Krstic, Para.140; Arrêt Krnojelac, para.51 et Arrêt Aleksovskiu, para 162. 45 Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange.

Page 39

muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu ziteganya ko ibyo byaha bihanwa nk’icyaha cya jenoside gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu kidashobora kugabanywa. Rusanga ibyo byaha bihama MUGIMBA Jean Baptiste ari impurirane y’imbonezamugambi nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 61 na 62 z’Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ryavuzwe zivuga impurirane y’ibyaha icyo ari cyo, zikanagena uko ibihano bitangwa iyo hari impurirane mbonezamugambi; bityo kuba buri cyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu akaba agomba guhanishwa igihano kimwe giteganyirijwe kimwe muri ibyo byaha. [183] Urukiko rusanga ingingo ya 3 igika cya mbere y’Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 ihindura ingingo ya 92 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ivuga ko icyaha cya jenoside gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu kidashobora kugabanywa. Runasanga hari imanza zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ndetse n’izaciwe n’Urukiko rw’ubujirire zigaragaza ko iyo umucanza aramutse atagabanyije igihano, ububasha bwe buba bugarukira gusa ku kwemeza ko umuntu ahamwa n’icyaha naho ibishingirwaho mu kugena igihano akaba nta bubasha aba abifiteho, zinagaragaza ko kubuza umucamanza gushingira ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha iyo zihari ngo abe yagabanya ibihano, binyuranye n’ihame ry’uko buri wese afite uburenganzira ku butabera buboneye ku birebana n’ibihano46. Runasanga izo manza zaragaragaje ko mu kugena

ibihano umucamanza abanza kureba igihano giteganywa n’itegeko, yasanga hari impamvu zituma kigabanywa akabikora ashingiye ku mwihariko wa buri rubanza agamije gutanga igihano gikwiranye n’ubutabera47. [184] Harebwe rero ibimaze gusobanurwa birebana n’amategeko no kumanza zaciwe n’izo Nkiko, hakanarebwa imikorere y’ibyaha bihama Mugimba Jean Baptiste n’uburyo atagoye urukiko aburana, rusanga yagabanyirizwa ibihano agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) aho guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu giteganyirijwe buri cyaha kimuhama. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [185] Rwemeje ko Mugimba Jean Baptiste ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucura umugambi wa jenoside n’icyaha cyo kuba icyitso muri jenoside. [186] Ruhanishije Mugimba Jean Baptiste igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25). [187] Rutegetse ko asonerwa amagarama y’urubanza kubera ko aburana afunze. [188] Rwibukije ko kujurira bikorwa mu gihe kitarenga iminsi mirongo itatu (30) uhereye ku itariki urubanza rwaciriweho.

46 RS/INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/SC Kabasinga Florida c/ Leta y’u Rwanda rwaciwe ku wa 04/12/2019 n’urubanza RPAA 00032/2019/CA MP c/ Nzafashwanimana Jean de Dieu rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/02/2020. 47 RS/REV/INJUST/PEN 0001/17/CS-RP 0001/2017/SC Bahirwe Geoffrey c/ Mukagatoya Marie rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 13/04/2017, igika cya 41.