UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MUGIRANEZA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MUGIRANEZA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-01-30 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00244/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MUGIRANEZA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00244/2024/CA (Rugabirwa, P.J.,) 30 Mutarama 2025] Amategeko agenga ibihano n’ibyaha – Icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi – Uregwa ntiyakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yarabigabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uwitwa Mugiraneza Elie yafatanwe urumogi rungana n’udupfunyika makumyabiri na tubiri (22), akaba yararucuruzaga ndetse akanarunywa. Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga rumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi busaba ko yahamwa n’icyo cyaha, agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ingana na miliyoni makumyabiri n’imwe (21.000.000Frw). Mugiraneza Elie yaburanye yemera ko yafatanywe udupfunyika makumyabiri na tubiri (22) tw’urumogi kandi ko yari amaze gucuruzaho dutatu (3), agahakana ariko ko atarucuruzaga, ko ahubwo yarukoreshaga nk’umuti, ariko yisubiraho yemera ko yarucuruzaga, asaba n’imbazi zo kubeshya. Urwo Rukiko rushingiye ku kwemera icyaha kw’uregwa, rwaciye urubanza maze rwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, maze rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000Frw. Mugiraneza Elie yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano kubera ko yafatanywe ibiyobyabwenge, akanabicuruza, ariko ko atazabyongera ukundi. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Mugiraneza Elie atakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano kubera ko yabigabanyirijwe ku rwego rwa mbere. Urukiko Rukuru rushingiye ku kwemera icyaha kwa Mugiraneza Elie, aho yemeye ko yafatanywe urumogi, kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe n’Inkiko, kuba yafaranywe ingano nto y’urumogi udupfunyika 22, no kuba ageze mu zabukuru kuko afite imyaka 61, rwaciye urubanza, maze rwemeza ko ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000. 000Frw). Mugiraneza Elie yajuririye nanone urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko yahanishijwe ibihano birebire kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi, asaba ko yakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano hashingiwe kuri iyo mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha, no kuba ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha, bityo ko yahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15, asaba kandi ko yasubikirwa ibihano kuko asanzwe arwara asme.

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Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Mugiraneza Elie atakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano kubera ko yabigabanyirijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, bityo ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, kuko atagaragaje inenge ziri mu rubanza rujuririrwa. Incamake y’icyemezo: Uregwa ntiyakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yarabigabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite.

Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2; Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura itegeko N° 68/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 11.

Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RPA 0129/10/CS, rw’ Ubushinjacyaha na Mpitabakana, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 7/03/2014; Urubanza RPA 0249/13/CS haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nteziryayo, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 25/11/2016; Urubanza RPAA 00424/2022/CA rw’ Ubushinjacyaha na Ngiruwonsanga Ibrahim, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 25/09/2024. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 19/03/2020, ahagana saa kumi n’imwe z’umugoroba (17h00) Mugiraneza Elie yafatanwe urumogi rungana n'udupfunyika makumyabiri na tubiri (22) arubitse mu mufuka w'ikoti yari yambaye, urwo rumogi yafatanwe akaba yararucuruzaga ndetse akanarunywa. Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga rumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi busaba ko yahamwa n’icyo cyaha, agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ingana na miliyoni makumyabiri n’imwe (21.000.000Frw). [2] Mugiraneza Elie yaburanye yemera ko yafatanywe udupfunyika makumyabiri na tubiri (22) tw’urumogi kandi ko yari amaze gucuruzaho dutatu (3), agahakana ariko ko atarucuruzaga, ko ahubwo yarukoreshaga nk’umuti, ariko yisubiraho yemera ko yarucuruzaga, asaba n’imbazi zo kubeshya. [3] Urwo Rukiko rushingiye ku kwemera icyaha kwa Mugiraneza Elie wemeye ko yafatanywe urumogi rungana n’udupfunyika 22 kandi ko yari amaze gucuruzaho 3 nk’uko anabishinjwa

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n’abatangabuhamya ndetse n’inyandiko zigaragaza ko yarufatanwe, rwaciye urubanza RP 00294/2020/TGI/MHG ku wa 05/05/2020, rwemeza ko Mugiraneza Elie ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000Frw, rutegeka ko anyagwa urwo rumogi rugatwikwa n’inzego zibifite ububasha. [4] Mugiraneza Elie yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano kubera ko yafatanywe ibiyobyabwenge yakoreshaga nk'umuti, akanabicuruza, ariko ko atazabyongera ukundi. Naho uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Mugiraneza Elie atakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano kubera ko yabigabanyirijwe ku rwego rwa mbere. [5] Urukiko Rukuru rushingiye ku kwemera icyaha kwa Mugiraneza Elie, aho yemeye ko yafatanywe urumogi rungana n’udupfunyika 22 arubitse mu mufuka w'ikoti yari yambaye, kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe n’Inkiko, kuba yafaranywe ingano nto y’urumogi udupfunyika 22, no kuba ageze mu zabukuru kuko afite imyaka 61, rwaciye urubanza RPA 00398/2020/HC/NYZ ku wa 01/03/2024, rwemeza ko imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe ihindutse gusa ku bijyanye n’ibihano, ruhanisha Mugiraneza Elie igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5000. 000Frw). [6] Mugiraneza Elie yajuririye nanone urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, ubujurire bwe bwandikwa kuri RPAA 00244/2024/CA, urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 10/01/2025, Mugiraneza Elie yunganiwe na Me Mukakalisa Jeanne d’Arc, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Ntawangundi Béatrice, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [7] Mu mwanzuro w’ubujurire no mu miburanire, Mugiraneza Elie n’umwunganira, bavuga ko akwiye kongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano kubera ko yemera icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi, kuba ari ubwa mbere agikoze kuko yari asanzwe yitwara neza, ndetse no kuba asanzwe arwara asme.

[8] Naho uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Mugiraneza Elie atakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano kubera ko ibyo asaba yabihawe n’Urukiko Rukuru. [9] Urukiko ruhereye kuri izo mpaka, rurasanga ikibazo gikwiye gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ari icyo kumenya niba Mugiraneza Elie yakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano kubera ko yemera icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi. II. IKIBAZO KIRI MU RUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYACYO

Kumenya niba Mugiraneza Elie yakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano kubera ko yemera icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi [10] Mugiraneza Elie n’umwunganira bavuga ko yahanishijwe ibihano birebire kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi, basaba ko yakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano hashingiwe kuri iyo mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha, kuba ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha, kuko yari asanzwe yitwara neza, ndetse agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15 nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo

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ya 2, (a) y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo kuwa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, uwari guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu ashobora guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15, ariko ko hatashingirwa kuri jurisprudence yatanze mu mwanzuro we. Mugiraneza Elie yongeraho ko yasubikirwa ibihano kuko asanzwe arwara asme. [11] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Mugiraneza Elie atakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano kubera ko yabigabanyirijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, kuko rwamuhanishije ibihano bito bingana n’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya 5 000 000 Frw biteganywa n’ingingo ya 2, agace kayo ka (a) na (d) y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ryavuzwe haruguru, bityo ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, kuko atagaragaje inenge ziri mu rubanza rujuririrwa. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [12] Ingingo ya 11 y’Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura itegeko N° 68/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko “Umuntu wese ukora, uhinga, uhindura, utunda, ubika, uha undi, ugurisha mu gihugu ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo mu buryo bunyuranije n’amategeko, aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko ahanishwa: 1 º igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda arenze miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw) ariko atarenze miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 Frw) ku byerekeye ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye”. [13] Naho ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko: “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15“; “(d) igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe”. [14] Ikibazo cy’uko uregwa atakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yarabigabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo cyatanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RPA 0129/10/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 7/03/2014, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mpitabakana. Uwo murongo ninawo wagiye ushingirwaho mu manza zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga nk’urubanza RPA 0249/13/CS rwaciwe ku wa 25/11/2016 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nteziryayo n’imanza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko nk’urubanza RPAA 00424/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 25/09/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ngiruwonsanga Ibrahim ( mu gika cya 18). [15] Nk’uko bigaragarira mu gika cya 14 cy’urubanza rwajuririwe muri uru Rukiko, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, rwagabanyirije Mugiraneza Elie ibihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha z’uko yemeye icyaha cyo gufatanwa udupfunyika 22 tw’urumogi no kurucuruza, anagisabira imbabazi, kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe n’Inkiko, kuba yarafaranywe ingano nto y’urumogi rungana n’udupfunyika 22, no kuba ageze mu zabukuru, kuko afite imyaka 61 y’amavuko, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5 000 000Frw, aho kuba igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000Frw yari yahawe mbere.

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[16] Hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 (a) na (d) y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, no ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RPA 0129/10/CS rwaciwe ku wa 7/03/2014 rwavuzwe haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga kuba urumogi rungana n’udupfunyika 22 Mugiraneza Elie yafatanywe rwari urwo gucuruza, ndetse ko yari amaze kurucuruzaho dutatu (3) nk’uko yabyiyemereye mu Nzego z’Iperereza no mu Nkiko zose yaburaniyemo, Urukiko Rukuru rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshya cyaha zavuzwe haruguru, aho kuba igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000Frw, bigaragara ko atakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, kuko yabigabanyirijwe bihagije ahanishwa ibihano bito (minimum) biteganyirijwe icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi yahamijwe. [17] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga kandi Mugiraneza Elie atahabwa subikagihano asaba, kuko ahanishijwe igihano kiri hejuru y’imyaka 5 nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 3 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ryavuzwe haruguru1. [18] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rero ubujurire bwa Mugiraneza Elie nta shingiro bufite, bityo n’urubanza rwajuririwe rukaba rutagomba guhinduka. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [19] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Mugiraneza Elie nta shingiro bufite. [20] Ruvuze ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA 00398/2020/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, ku wa 01/03/2024, idahindutse, ko igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw) Mugiraneza Elie yahanishijwe n’urwo Rukiko kigumyeho. [21] Rutegetse ko amagarama y’urubanza aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta.

1Ingingo ya 3 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko “(1)« Iyo uwakatiwe nta kindi gihano cy’igifungo kirenga amezi 6 yahanishijwe mbere, urukiko, rukoresheje icyemezo gisobanura impamvu, rushobora gutegeka gusubika irangiza ry’igihano cyose cyangwa igice cy’igihano cy’iremezo cyangwa cy’ingereka, iyo igihano cy’iremezo cy’igifungo umuntu yakatiwe kitarenze imyaka 5”.