MUGISHA vs. BANQUE POPULAIRE DU RWANDA Plc

# MUGISHA vs. BANQUE POPULAIRE DU RWANDA Plc

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-10-26 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/SOC00003/2023/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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MUGISHA vs. BANQUE POPULAIRE DU RWANDA Plc [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RS/INJUST/SOC00003/2023/CA – (Munyangeri, J. P., Ngagi na Kamere, J.) 26 Ukwakira 2023] Amategeko agenga imanza z’umurimo – Umwanya w’umurimo – Ivugurura ry’imyanya y’imirimo – Kwimura umukozi – Umukozi woherejwe mu butumwa gutanga ubufasha mu gihe kitazwi, nyuma akamenyeshwa ko hashingiwe ku mpinduka zabaye muri sosiyete yakoreraga yimuriwe aho ahantu mu buryo buhoraho ntabwo ashobora gukomeza kumva ko akiri mu butumwa yitwaje ko atamenyeshejwe mu buryo bweruye ko ubutumwa bwarangiye. Incamake y’ikibazo: Mugisha wari umukozi wa Banki Populaire du Rwanda Plc (BPR Plc) kuva mu mwaka wa 2012, akaba yarakoreraga mu ishami rya Nyabugugo ariko akaza kwimurirwa mu ishami rya Muhondo kugirango atange ubufasha, yareze iyo Banki nk’umukoresha we mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ko yanze kubahiriza inshingano zayo zo kujya imwishyura amafaranga agenerwa umukozi ujyanwe ahandi gutanga “support”, akubiyemo amafaranga y’icumbi n’ay’amafunguro. Ibi yabikoze nyuma y’uko amwibukije kumwishyura ntabikore avuga ko nta mafaranga yo kunganira imurimo ndetse no kuba ubwumvikane imbere y’Umugenzuzi w’umurimo bwanze. BPR Plc yireguye ivuga ko ikirego cy’Urega nta shingiro gifite kuko nyuma y’impinduka zabaye akimurirwa muri iryo shami rya Muhondo, yamuhaye ibyo yaragenewe byose, bityo akaba ariwe ugomba kuyishyura indishyi zitandukanye zo kuyishora mu manza. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwemeje ko ikirego cy’Urega gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe, ko agomba guhabwa ayo mafaranga ya “mission” ndetse n’indishyi zitandukanye. Ibi byatumye BPR Plc ijuririra Urukiko Rukuru ivuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwirengagije ibimenyetso (amabaruwa) yarushyikirije bigaragaza ko yavanwe ku ishami ryayo rya Muhima, akimurirwa ku ishami rya Muhondo. Isoza isaba indishyi zitandukanye. Urega we avuga ko icyo kirego nta shingiro gifite kuko cyatanzwe hatubahirijwe ibihe byo kujurira biteganywa n’itegeko, ko byararangiye. Nyuma yo kumva imiburanire ya buri ruhande, Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko urubanza rwajuririwe ruhindutse kuri byose, Urega akaba atarari mu butumwa ahubwo yari yarimuriwe aho yakoraga, bityo akaba agomba kwishyura Uwajuriye indishyi zitandukanye. Urega yasabye ko urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane maze arabyemererwa, hemezwa ko ruburanishwa n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. Muri uru rubanza Urega yaburanye avuga ko yarenganyijwe n’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru kuko rwirengagije ibimenyetso yarushyikirije byerekana ko yari mu butumwa (mission), ko atigeze yoherezwa gukorera Muhondo nk’umukozi uhoraho, ahubwo yagiyeyo gufasha, bityo akaba asaba ko yahabwa amafaranga y’ubutumwa atahawe kandi ayemererwa n’amategeko ngengamikorere ya BPR Plc hamwe n’indishyi zitandukanye. Uregwa avuga ko nta karengane Urega yagiriwe mu rubanza rusubirishwamo, kuko Urukiko Rukuru rwasesenguye neza ibimenyetso rwashyikirijwe n’impande zombi n’ibirebana n’amavugurura yagiye akora, aho abakozi bamwe yabasezereye, abandi akabirukana ndetse abandi akabohereza gukorera mu mashami yayo atandukanye barimo n’Urega, kandi akaba yaremeye ko yakiriye inyandiko imwohereza gukorera ku ishami ryayo rya Muhondo mu buryo buhoraho. Bityo, akaba asaba ko uru Rukiko rwemeza ko Urega nta karengane yakorewe, maze rukemeza ko urubanza rusubirishwamo rugumyeho, ndetse agategekwa kumwishyura indishyi zitandukanye zijyanye no gushorwa mu manza. Incamake y’icyemezo: Umukozi woherejwe mu butumwa gutanga ubufasha mu gihe kitazwi, nyuma akamenyeshwa ko hashingiwe ku mpinduka zabaye muri sosiyete yakoreraga yimuriwe aho ahantu

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mu buryo buhoraho ntabwo ashobora gukomeza kumva ko akiri mu butumwa yitwaje ko atamenyeshejwe mu buryo bweruye ko ubutumwa bwarangiye. Ikirego gisaba gusuburishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane nta shingiro gifite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 12 n’iya 111. Itegeko N° 45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano, ingingo ya 64, 68 n’iya 81. Imanza zifashishijwe: RADAA 00011/2022/CA, Nzabarimana Abdallahaman n’Umujyi wa Kigali, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 12/06/2023. RSOCA 0045/14/HC/KIG rwa Premier Consulting Group Ltd (PCG) na Murengezi Jean Luc, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Mugisha Alex avuga ko yakoreye Banque Populaire du Rwanda Plc (BPR Plc) kuva mu mwaka wa 2012, ko muri uko kuyikorera yagiye yimurirwa ku mashami yayo atandukanye, arimo ishami (branche) rya Nyabugogo yimuriweho ku wa 25/11/2016, ryahoze ari Nyabugogo “Outlet”, nyuma y’aho akoherezwa kuri “Outlet” ya Muhondo/Rushashi Branch–BPR Plc kugira ngo atange ubufasha (support), aho yabutanze mu gihe cy’amezi icumi (10), kandi ko muri icyo gihe cyose yamaze i Muhondo atanga ubufasha (support), Banque Populaire du Rwanda Plc (BPR) itigeze yubahiriza inshingano zayo zo kumwishyura amafaranga ibihumbi makumyabiri n’umunani (28.000 Frw) ku munsi, agenerwa umukozi ujyanwe ahandi gutanga “support”, akubiyemo amafaranga y’icumbi n’ay’amafunguro. Ko yayisabye inshuro nyinshi kubahiriza uburenganzira bwe akomora ku mategeko ngengamikorere yayo ndetse no ku Itegeko ry’umurimo mu Rwanda ariko ikinangira, nk’uko bigaragazwa n’amabaruwa yo ku wa 01/06/2017, ku wa 31/07/2017, ku wa 29/05/2018, n’iyo kuwa 06/11/2019. [2] Ku wa 11/12/2019, BPR Plc yamwandikiye ibaruwa isubiza iyo yari yarayandikiye ku wa 06/11/2019, ayibutsa amafaranga ye imugomba nk’umukoresha we, imumenyesha ko nta mafaranga yo kunganira (support) imubereyemo, atakambira Umugenzuzi w’umurimo kugira ngo abafashe gukemura icyo kibazo binyuze mu nzira y’ubwumvikane, ariko BPR Plc irabyanga, bituma aregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge arusaba kuyitegeka kumuha amafaranga yo kujya gutanga ubufasha mu gashami kayo ka Muhondo angana na miliyoni esheshatu n’ibihumbi magana cyenda na mirongo itandatu na bibiri (6.962.000 Frw), indishyi z’akababaro no gusubizwa amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cya Avoka. [3] BPR Plc yireguye ivuga ko Mugisha Alex yigeze kujya mu butumwa bw’akazi kuva ku wa 25/11/2016 kugeza ku wa 18/01/2017, nyuma y’aho akaza kwimurwa, kandi ko yamuhaye amafaranga yamugombaga yose nk’umukoresha, angana n’ibihumbi magana atandatu na mirongo itanu na bine (654.000 Frw), bityo ko ikirego cye nta shingiro gifite, ko ahubwo Mugisha Alex akwiye gutegekwa kuyishyura amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza yatakaje kubera kuyishora mu rubanza nta mpamvu.

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[4] Mu rubanza RSOC 00204/2020/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 30/04/2021, rwemeje ko ikirego cya Mugisha Alex gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe, rutegeka BPR Plc kumwishyura amafaranga akurikira: - miliyoni esheshatu n’ibihumbi magana cyenda na mirongo itandatu na bibiri (6.962.000 Frw) ya misiyo; - miliyoni imwe (1.000.000 Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka; - ibihumbi makumyabiri (20.000 Frw) yatanzeho ingwate y’amagarama arega. [5] BPR Plc yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru inenga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge mu kuyitegeka kwishyura Mugisha Alex amafaranga ya misiyo angana na miliyoni esheshatu n’ibihumbi magana cyenda na mirongo itandatu na bibiri (6.962.000 Frw), ndetse n’indishyi, rwirengagije ibimenyetso (amabaruwa) yarushyikirije bigaragaza ko yavanwe ku ishami ryayo rya Muhima, akimurirwa ku ishami rya Muhondo. Isoza isaba indishyi zitandukanye. Ivuga kandi ko ku bijyanye n’inzitizi Mugisha Alex atanga avuga ko yajuriye itinze nta shingiro ifite kuko ku munsi wa nyuma wo kujurira wo ku wa 29/05/2021 hari ku wa gatandatu, kandi kuri uwo munsi systeme ikaba yari ifite ikibazo idakora nk’uko yabyanditse muri “helpdesk”. Bityo ko yubahirije ibihe byo kujurira. [6] Mugisha Alex mbere yo kwiregura kuri iyo ngingo y’ubujurire, yatanze inzitizi yo kutakira ubujurire bwa BPR Plc, ashingiye ku kuba yarajuriye ibihe byo kujurira biteganywa n’Itegeko byararangiye, kuko urubanza RSOC 00204/2020/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 30/04/202130/04/2021, umunsi wanyuma wo kujurira ukaba wari ku wa 29/05/2021, ariko ikajurira ku wa 30/05/2023. Ku bijyanye n’ubujurire bwa BPR Plc avuga ko nta shingiro bufite. [7] Mu rubanza RSOCA 00175/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 31/03/2022, Urukiko rwemeje ko ubujurire rwashyikirijwe na BPR Plc bufite ishingiro, ko urubanza RSOC 00204/2020/TGI/NYGE rwajuririwe ruhindutse kuri byose, Mugisha Alex akaba atari mu butumwa ahubwo yari yarimuriwe aho yakoraga, bityo agomba kwishyura BPR Plc amafaranga ya Avoka ahwanye n’ibihumbi magana inani (800.000 Frw). Rutegeka ko ingwate y’amagarama yatanze ijurira ingana n’amafaranga ibihumbi mirongo ine (40.000 Frw) ihwanye ni ibyakozwe. [8] Mugisha Alex yasabye ko urubanza RSOCA 00175/2021/HC/KIG rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, Urwego rw’Umuvunyi rukora raporo, maze mu cyemezo nimero 054/CJ/2023, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yemeza ko urwo rubanza rwoherezwa mu Bwanditsi bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kugira ngo ruzongere ruburanishwe; ikirego cyandikwa kuri RS/INJUST/RSOC 00003/2023/CA. Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame, ku wa 09/10/2023, Mugisha Alex ahagarariwe na Me Mwesigye Livingston, naho BPR Plc ihagarariwe na Me Uwamahoro M. Grace afatanije na Me Itete M. Emmanuel. [9] Mu myanzuro no miburanire ya Mugisha Alex avuga ko yarenganyijwe n’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru kuko rwirengagije ibimenyetso yarushyikirije byerekana ko yari mu butumwa (mission), ko atigeze yoherezwa gukorera Muhondo nk’umukozi uhoraho, ahubwo yagiyeyo gufasha (support), asaba guhabwa amafaranga ya mission atahawe kandi ayemerwa n’amategeko ngengamikorere ya BPR Plc, indishyi z’akababaro z’uko atahawe ayo mafaranga ya misiyo ndetse n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. BPR Plc yireguye ivuga ko Mugisha Alex atari mu butumwa bw’akazi (mission) nk’uko abivuga ahubwo yari yaroherejwe Muhondo mu buryo buhoraho, ko kandi BPR Plc yabitangiye ibimenyetso birimo inzandiko ubwe yashyizeho umukono, akaba ari nabyo Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiyeho, bityo ko amafaranga ya misiyo, indishyi z’akababaro Mugisha Alex asaba nta shingiro zifite, ko kandi agomba kwirengera ibyo yatakaje muri uru rubanza, isoza isaba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka.

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[10] Urukiko, rushingiye kuri izo mpaka, rusanga hakwiye gusuzumwa ibibazo bikurikira1: - kumenya niba Mugisha Alex yari mu butumwa bw’akazi (mission) mu ishami rya Muhondo cyangwa niba yari yaroherejweyo mu buryo buhoraho n’ingaruka zabyo; - kumenya niba Mugisha Alex akwiye kugenerwa indishyi z’akababaro zingana na miliyoni eshatu (3.000.000 Frw); - kumenya niba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa muri uru rubanza afite ishingiro. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA 1. Kumenya niba Mugisha Alex yari mu butumwa bw’akazi (mission) mu ishami rya Muhondo cyangwa niba yari yaroherejweyo mu buryo buhoraho n’ingaruka zabyo [11] Uhagarariye Mugisha Alex avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwasesenguye mu buryo butari bwo ibaruwa yiswe redeployment, rwirengagije ibisobanuro Mugisha Alex yatanze, ko redeployment itagaragaza kwimurwa kwe, ko ahubwo yemezaga ko yongerewe amahirwe yo kuguma mu kazi muri BPR Plc, ibyo bikaba bitandukanye n'ibyo ivuga ko ari ukumwimura avanwa Muhima ajyanwa Muhondo, kandi n’ubundi ari ho yari yarajyanwe mu gutanga ubufasha (support) kuva ku wa 25/05/2016. [12] Asobanura ko mu gika cya 11 cy’urubanza RSOCA 00175/2021/HC/KIG rusabirwa gusubirishwamo ku kumpamvu z’akarengane, Urukiko rwavuze ko nta misiyo y’akazi imara igihe cy’umwaka, ko nta n’aho byabaye, rutagaragaje ikibibuza cyangwa se igihe nyacyo umukozi agomba kumara mu butumwa bw’akazi (mission) igihe umukoresha atabumukuyemo, mu gihe kandi nta n’igihe umukoresha yagaragaje umukozi woherejwe mu butumwa agomba kumarayo, bityo ko Urukiko rwarafashe icyemezo mu buryo butari bwo, kuko ntaho gishingiye kandi Mugisha Alex atari bwikure mu butumwa bw’akazi yari yarahawe (mission) kuko byari gufatwe nko guta akazi cyangwa agasuzuguro. [13] Avuga kandi ko urwo Rukiko rwirengagije ibaruwa yo ku wa 20/11/2017 yiswe “permanent transfer” n’iyo ku wa 04/06/2020 yiswe relocation, zigaragaza itandukaniro rinini ku birebana no kumwimura kandi ko zitandukanye na redeployement letter ivugwa. Ikindi kandi ngo ni uko ku wa 20/11/2017, BPR Plc yandikiye Mugisha Alex ibaruwa imumenyesha ko agomba kureka amafaranga y'ibirarane bya misiyo asaba, kandi ko igihe cyose azaba asinye kuri iyo baruwa azaba atakaje uburenganzira bwe. Kandi ko ubwo yatangaga ikirego ku Mugenzuzi w’umurimo ku wa 10/03/2020, BPR Plc yamwishyuye amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu na bine (504.000 Frw) yise ay’ibirarane, mu gihe mu ibarwa yo ku wa 11/12/2019 yari yaramwandikiye imusubiza ko ko nta mafaranga ya misiyo imubereyemo. Asaba Urukiko kuzasuzuma ayo mabaruwa yose rukamurenganura, maze rukayitegeka kumwishyura amafaranga angana na miliyoni esheshatu n’ibihumbi magana cyenda na mirongo itandatu na bibiri (6.962.000 Frw) nk’uko yategetswe mu rubanza RSOC 00204/2020/TGI/NYGE kubera ko ayafitiye uburenganzira. [14] Asoza avuga ko nta kigaragaza ko Mugisha Alex yimuwe mu buryo buhoraho, ko kandi redeployment itandukanye na transfer. Asaba Urukiko kuzasuzuma inyandiko zitandukanye ziri muri sisitemu zigaragaza ko Mugisha Alex yari muri misiyo, ko atari yimuriwe Muhondo nk’uko BPR Plc ishaka kubyumvikanisha. [15] Abahagarariwe BPR Plc bavuga ko basanga nta karengane Mugisha Alex yagiriwe mu rubanza RSOCA 00175/2021/HC/KIG, kuko Urukiko Rukuru rwasesenguye neza ibimenyetso rwashyikirijwe

1 Ikijyanye n’ibihe byo kujurira, Mugisha Alex yarakiretse mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 09/10/2023.

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n’impande zombi, n’ibirebana n’amavugurura iyo Banki yagiye ikora, aho abakozi bamwe yabasezereye, abandi ikabirukana, ndetse abandi ikabohereza gukorera mu mashami yayo atandukanye barimo na Mugisha Alex, kandi akaba yaremeye ko yakiriye inyandiko imwohereza gukorera ku ishami ryayo rya Muhondo mu buryo buhoraho. Ko rwasesenguye neza n’ikimenyetso Mugisha Alex yashingiragaho yishyuza misiyo rugasanga iyo nyandiko itagaragaza igihe misiyo yari kubumaramo, bityo ko atari ikimenyetso cyerekana ko atoherejwe gukorera i Muhondo mu buryo buhoraho. [16] Bavuga kandi ko iyo uhuje iryo sesengura ryakozwe n’Urukiko n’amahame akurikizwa mu gusuzuma ibimenyetso mu manza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi (balance of probabilities) usanga kuba rwarasanze ibimenyetso BPR Plc yatanze bigaragaza ko Mugisha Alex yimuriwe (mutation) ku ishami ryayo rya Muhondo mu buryo buhoraho nta tegeko cyangwa ibimenyetso rwirengagije. Kandi ko Mugisha Alex atagaragaza ibimenyetso byaba byarirengagijwe mu icibwa ry’urubanza RSOCA 00175/2021/HC/KIG ku buryo byaba impamvu ituma rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. [17] Bakomeza bavuga ko indi mpamvu igaragaza ko icyemezo Urukiko Rukuru rwafashe rwagisesenguye neza, ari uko mu kwezi kwa mbere k’umwaka wa 2017, BPR Plc na BRCD zimaze kwibumbira hamwe, habaye amavugurura muri iyo Banki, abakozi bamwe bagasezererwa, abandi bakimurirwa ahandi (redeploment or transfer), Mugisha Alex akaba yari umwe muri abo bakozi bimuwe bakavanwa ku mashami (branches) bari basanzwe bakoreramo bakoherezwa mu yandi mashami yayo, aho we yavanwe ku ishami ryayo rya Muhima akoherezwa ku ishami ku rya Muhondo, kandi ko BPR Plc yabitangiye ibimenyetso bigizwe n’ubutumwa (message) bwo kuri e-mail yo ku wa 17/01/2021, Mugisha Alex yandikiwe amenyeshwa urutonde rw’abakozi bimuwe, ko yakuwe mu ishami rya Muhima akimurirwa ku ishami rya Muhondo, aho kuri urwo rutonde (liste) agaragara kuri nomero ya 161, ibaruwa yakiriye ndetse agashyiraho umukono ku wa 18/01/2021 yemera amavugurura yakozwe, inyandiko igaragaza amafaranga agenerwa umukozi wimuwe angana n’ibihumbi ijana na mirongo itanu (150.000 Frw). Bityo ko ibi bimenyetso bikemura impaka ku bijyanye no kumenya niba Mugisha Alex yaroherejwe gukorera i Muhondo mu buryo buhoraho kuva ku wa 17/1/2021. Bavuga kandi ko kuri bo “redeployment” na “transfer” ari kimwe, ko byaterwaga n’uwanditse ibaruwa, ko mu ibaruwa yo mu kwezi k’Ugushyingo 2016 yari misiyo, naho iyo mu kwezi kwa mbere 2017 yari “redeployment” cyangwa “transfer”. [18] Bavuga na none ko bashingiye ku ngingo ya 64 y’itegeko N° 45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano itegeka ko amasezerano akozwe ku buryo bukurikije amategeko aba itegeko ku bayagiranye no ku ngingo ya 68, igika cya mbere, y’iryo tegeko iteganya ko imvugo n’indi myitwarire bigamije amasezerano bisesengurwa hakurikijwe uko ibintu biteye, kandi iyo ikigamijwe cy’ibanze ku mpande zigirana amasezerano gishobora kumenyekana neza, byitabwaho, asanga kuba Mugisha Alex yarakiriye inyandiko zavuzwe haruguru ndetse akazishyiraho umukono yemera ibizikubiyemo, ko yemeye ko ari itegeko rimugenga ko ari umukozi wa BPR Plc ishami rya Muhondo, ko rero adakwiye guhindura ibizikubiyemo. Banasaba uru Rukiko kuzashingira ku rubanza RSOCA 0045/14/HC/KIG rwa Premier Consulting Group Ltd (PCG) na Murengezi Jean Luc nawe wasabaga amafaranga ya misiyo, Urukiko Rukuru rukemeza ko kuba amasezerano yashyizeho umukono agaragaza ko azakorera mu ntara y’Amajyepfo, bituma adakwiye guhabwa amafaranga ya misiyo, maze rukemeza ko nta karengane yagiwe mu rubanza RSOCA 00175/2021/HC/KIG. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [19] Impaka ziri muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba Mugisha Alex yari mu butumwa bw’akazi (gutanga support) mu ishami rya Muhondo cyangwa niba yari yaroherejweyo mu buryo buhoraho ndetse n’ingaruka zabyo. Mu rwego rwo gukemura izi mpaka, Urukiko rurasengura

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ibimenyetso byatanzwe n’impande zombi kugira ngo rusuzume niba Mugisha Alex yararenganyijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko yari yaroherejwe Muhondo mu buryo buhoraho. [20] Ingingo ya 12, igika cya 1, y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ibikurikira: urega agomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’ibyo aregera. Iyo abibuze, uwarezwe aratsinda. [21] Nk’uko byagiye bisobanurwa mu manza zitandukanye, iyi ngingo yumvikanisha ko umuburanyi utanze ikirego mu Rukiko aba afite inshingano ikomeye yo kugaragaza ibimenyetso bihamya nta shiti ko ibyo aregera ari ukuri, iyo atabashije kubigaragaza, ikirego cye nta shingiro gihabwa. Mu yandi magambo, uwatangije urubanza agomba kuba afite ibimenyetso bidashidikanywaho bihamya neza ko ibyo avuga ari ukuri2. [22] Dosiye igaragaramo fiche de mission yo ku wa 25/11/2016 ya Mugisha Alex igaragaza ko ubwo butumwa bwagombaga gutangira kuri iyo tariki ya 25/11/2016, icyakora ntabwo iyo “fiche de mission” igaragaza igihe ubutumwa bwagombaga kurangira (indéterminée), bivuze ko icyo gihe cyashoboraga kuba kigufi cyangwa kirekire, kugeza igihe habonetse impamvu igihagarika. [23] Muri dosiye harimo inyandiko yo ku wa 01/01/2017 ifite nimero HCD/JM/2343/JAN/2017, BPR Plc yandikiye Mugisha Alex ifite impamvu yitwa “Redeployment into new structure of BPR part of Atlas Mara”. Iyi nyandiko ikaba imenyesha Mugisha Alex ko nyuma y’ivugurura ryabaye muri BPR Plc, yemerewe kuba mu muryango mushya wa BPR part of Atlas Mara Group, bivuze ko yamenyeshejwe impinduka zabaye, ko kandi agumye mu bakozi, ko ariko ahawe igihe cyo kuyimenyesha niba abyemeye, yaba abyemeye agashyira umukono kuri iyo nyandiko bitarenze ku wa 15/01/2017. Mugisha Alex akaba yarayishyizeho umukono ku wa 15/01/2017, yemeza ko aguma muri “structure” nshya ya BPR part of Atlas Mara Group. [24] Dosiye igaragaramo kandi e-mails zo ku wa 05/01/2017, uwitwa Déogratias Sibomana yoherereje François Habimana (Branch Manager B) na Richard Kamanzi (Branch Manager Muhima) abamenyesha ko Mugoyikazi Vénantie (as cashier A from Rushashi Branch and this internal transfer) na Alex Mugisha (cashier B from Muhima Branch) boherejwe ku ishami rya Muhondo (Tranfer at Muhondo Outlet). Icyakora Mugoyikazi Vénantie na Mugisha Alex ntabwo bahawe kopi z’izo e- mails. Ikigaragara nuko izo e-mails zimenyesha abayobozi ba Banki ko hari abakozi boherejwe mu Gashami ka Muhondo, ariko ntabwo abakozi bimuwe bigeze bahabwa kopi y’izo “e-mails” cyangwa ibaruwa ibimura mu Gashami ka Muhondo. [25] Nubwo byagenze gutyo, ku wa 17/01/2017, uwitwa Déogratias Sibomana (Branch Manager B), akoresheje e-mail, yandikiye Venantie Mugoyikazi (Operation Officer) na Alex Mugisha (Cashier) ubutumwa bufite impamvu ikurikira: “Correct Profiles”; iherekejwe n’umugereka ugaragaza urutonde rw’abakozi benshi (list of cashiers A-BV6), urwego bariho, aho boherejwe n’aho babarizwaga; kuri urwo rutonde Mugisha Alex ari kuri nimero 161, uri ku rwego (category) ya B, “Outlet Muhondo, reporting to Rushashi, former mother Branch Muhima”. Bivuze ko muri structure nshya ya Banki, Mugoyikazi Venantie na Mugisha Alex bari abakozi basubijwe mu kazi ariko bakaba bazakorera mu Gashami ka Muhondo, urwo rutonde rukaba rwerekana aho buri wese yoherejwe n’urwego ariho; byumvikana ko ibintu bibaye bishya mu rwego rwogushyira mu bikorwa impinduka zabaye.

2 Reba urubanza RADAA 00011/2022/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 12/06/2023, hagati ya Nzabarimana Abdallahaman n’Umujyi wa Kigali

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[26] Dosiye igaragaramo na none ibaruwa yo ku wa 20/11/20173 BPR Ltd yandikiye MUGISHA Alex imumenyesha ko yirimuwe BPF Branch ava i Muhondo, inamusaba kureka kwishyuza amafaranga ya misiyo, kuko icyabayeho ari ukutumvikana ku bijyanye no kwimurirwa i Muhondo. [27] Urukiko rurasanga koko inyandiko y’ubutumwa bwa Mugisha Alex bwo kujya gutanga umusanzu (support) ku ishami rya Muhondo butagaragaza igihe buzarangirira, bivuze ko bwashoboraga kurangira igihe icyo ari cyo cyose cyaba kigufi cyangwa kirekire bitewe n’impamvu runaka. Urukiko rurasanga kuba ku wa 01/01/2017, Mugisha Alex yaramenyeshejwe ko habaye impinduka muri BPR Ltd, ikaba yarahindutse BPR part of Altas Mara Group ko kandi ari mu bakozi bemerewe kuguma mu kazi, akaba agomba kuyimenyesha ko abyemeye; ibyo bigaragaza ko yamenye impinduka zabaye, zashoboraga no kugira inkurikizi kuri misiyo yari arimo. Urukiko rurasanga na none “e-mails” zo ku wa 05/01/2017 hagati y’abayobozi ba BPF, nubwo zitamenyeshejwe Mugisha Alex, ariko zigaragaza nta shiti ko nyuma y’ivugurura Mugoyikazi Vénantie na Mugisha Alex boherejwe ku ishami rya Muhondo (Tranfer at Muhondo Outlet). Kuba Mugisha Alex atarahise abimenyeshwa ibyo ntibivuze ko icyemezo cyo kumwimura cyafashwe n’ubuyobozi nta gaciro gifite, ahubwo bifuze ko cyagombaga gukurikizwa guhera umunsi yakimenyeshejwe. [28] Urukiko rurasanga kuba ku wa 17/01/2017, Mugisha Alex na mugenzi we Mugoyikazi Venantie baramenyeshejwe ko nyuma y’ivugurura bimuriwe mu Gashami ka Muhondo, bakamenyeshwa n’inshingano bahawe, ibyo byari bihagije kugira ngo Mugisha Alex yumve ko igikorwa yari arimo cyo gutanga umusanzu (support) muri ako gashami ka Muhondo kirangiye; bikaba bitari ngombwa ko yandikirwa indi baruwa imwimura nk’uko ashaka kubyumvikanisha; bityo amafaranga ya misiyo yahabwaga akaba yaragombaga guhagarara ku wa 17/01/2017, kuko nibwo yamenyeshejwe inshingano ze nshya. [29] Urukiko rurasanga kuba tariki ya 01/01/2017, Mugisha Alex yaramenyeshejwe impinduka zabaye mu kazi, ko kandi we yagumye mu bakozi bakomeza, ariko agasabwa kumenyesha umukoresha ko yemeye gukomeza gukorana nawe, akabikora ashyira umukono kuri iyo nyandiko bitarenze ku wa 15/01/2017, nabyo byumvikanisha ko imikoranire ye ya mbere na BPR Ltd ihindutse, ko agiye kugira imikoranire mishya na BPR part of Atlas Mara Group, ariko akaba yari yahawe kubyemeza bitarenze ku wa 15 Mutarama 2017. Kuba rero kuri iyo tariki yarashyize umukono kuri iyo nyandiko yo ku wa 01/01/2017, bigaragaza nta shiti ko yari yemeye iyo mikoranire mishya na BPR part of Atlas Mara Group, bityo ibi bikaba byumvikanisha ko ibijyanye na misiyo yarimo yo gutanga umusanzu (support) mu ishami rya Muhondo yahise irangira. [30] Urukiko rurasanga, nubwo e-mails zo ku wa 05/01/2017 zabaye hagati y’abayobozi bavugana kuri transfer ya Mugisha Alex, atigeze azimenyeshwa, ariko ku wa 17/01/2017, Mugisha Alex na Mugoyikazi Vénantie bakamenyeshwa urutonde rushya rw’abakozi, imirimo yabo n’aho bazakorera; bitumvikana uburyo Mugisha Alex yari gukomeza kwiyumvisha ko akiri muri misiyo ya support ashingiye ku nyandiko yo kuri 25/11/2016. Byongeye kandi, Urukiko rurasanga Mugisha Alex adashobora kugaragaza ko urutonde ruriho ba “cashiers” rwoherejwe ku mugereka, rwari urw’abakozi bagiye gutanga “support”, noneho we akaba yarakomeje gutanga iyo support ku ishami rya Muhondo ashingiye kuri urwo rutonde. Kuba rero atabasha kubigaragaza, birumvikana ko urwo rutonde rwamumenyeshaga ko yoherejwe gukorera ku ishami rya Muhondo, cyane ko urwo rutonde rugaragaza urwego umukozi ariho, aho abarizwa n’aho yoherejwe. [31] Urukiko rurasanga ibyo Mugisha Alex avuga ko ibaruwa yo ku wa 20/11/2017 ari yo yashyize iherezo kuri misiyo ye yo ku wa 25/11/2016, nta shingiro byahabwa, ahubwo iyo baruwa igaragaza ko avuye mu Ishami rya Muhondo aho yari asanzwe akorera mu buryo buhoraho akaba yimuriwe BPF branch.

3 Hari ikosa ry’itariki aho banditse 2007 aho kwandika 2017.

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[32] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro bimaze gutangwa, Urukiko rurasanga nta karengane kagaragara mu rubanza RSOCA 00175/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 31/03/2022, rwemeje ko Mugisha Alex atagomba guhabwa amafaranga ya misiyo ahwanye na miloni esheshatu n’ibihumbi magana cyenda mirongo itandatu na bibiri (6,962,000 Frw) kuko atari mu butumwa ahubwo yari yarimuriwe aho yakoraga. Bityo n’indishyi Mugisha Alex asaba ntazo akwiye guhabwa, kuko nk’uko byaragaye haruguru misiyo ye yahagaze ubwo yimurirwaga ku Gashami ka Muhondo mu buryo buhoraho. 2. Kumenya niba Mugisha Alex akwiye kugenerwa indishyi z’akababaro zingana na miliyoni eshatu (3.000.000 Frw) [33] Uhagarariye Mugisha Alex ashingiye ku ngingo ya 81 y’Itegeko N°45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano, igira iti: kwica amasezerano yose bitanga uburenganzira ku ndishyi z’akababaro zishingiye ku nshingano zo gukora igisabwa zitararangira. Kwica igice cy’amasezerano bitanga uburenganzira ku ndishyi z’akababaro zishingiye gusa ku gice cy’inshingano zisigaye zo gukora igisabwa, asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka BPR Plc guha Mugisha Alex amafaranga y’indishyi z’akababaro angana na miliyoni eshatu (3.000.000 Frw), hashingiwe ku kuba yarimuriwe i Muhondo mu rwego rwo gutanga ubufasha (support) ariko ntagenerwe amafaranga yo kumutunga n’ay’icumbi kandi yari abifitiye uburenganzira, nk’uko biteganywa n’amategeko ngengamikorere ya BPR Plc, yuko igihe cyose umukozi woherejwe gutanga support agenerwa amafaranga y’icumbi kuko aba atari aho atuye, ndetse n’ifunguro. Ko yagombaga guhabwa amafaranga ibihumbi makumyabibiri n’umunani (28.000.000 Frw) ku munsi, ariko ko yayasabye iyo Banki ntiyamuhe mu gihe yamazeyo kingana n’amezi icumi (10), ibyo bikaba byaramuteye akababaro kuko yitanze kugira ngo arangize gutanga ubwo bufasha, akirwanaho mu buryo bwo kubaho ariko ntibihe agaciro ikamwima ayo mafaranga kandi yari ayafitiye uburenganzira. [34] Uhagarariwe BPR Plc yiregura kuri izi ndishyi z’akababaro Mugisha Alex asaba avuga ko ntazo akwiye guhabwa, kuko BPR Plc nta kababaro yamuteje kuko nta kosa yamukoreye. Kandi ko indishyi asaba zitabangikanwa n'ikirego cye, ngo kuko hashingiwe ku Itegeko rigenga umurimo, kutishyurwa amafaranga aregerwa bitamwemerera indishyi asaba, no kuba atagargaza ishingiro ryazo. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [35] Ku bijyanye n’indishyi z’akababaro Mugisha Alex asaba, Urukiko rurasanga ntazo akwiye guhabwa kuko bigaragara ko nta karengane kari mu rubanza RSOCA 00175/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 31/03/2022. 3. Kumenya niba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa muri uru rubanza afite ishingiro [36] Uhagarariye Mugisha Alex asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujuirre gutegeka BPR Plc kwishyura Mugisha Alex amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka angana na miliyoni enye (4.000.000 Frw) n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza angana na miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi magana atanu (1.500.000 Frw) yatakaje kubera kutubahiriza inshingano kwayo yanga kwishyura “support fees”, yiyongera ku yagenwe mu rubanza RSOC 00204/2020/TGI/NYGE angana na miliyoni imwe (1.000.000 Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka, n’ amafaranga ibihumbi makumyabiri (20.000 Frw) y’ingwate y’igarama. [37] Uhagarariye BPR Plc avuga ko amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka Mugisha Alex asaba nta shingiro afite, kuko kuba Mugisha Alex yarimuriwe ku ishami rya Muhondo nk’umukozi uhoraho nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, atari kubirengaho ngo ashore BPR Ltd mu manza agamije indonke, bityo ko akwiye kwirengera ingaruka zose z’ ibyo atakariza muri uru rubanza,

## Page 9

ko ahubwo ariwe ukwiye gutegekwa kwishyura BPR Plc amafaranga yakoresheje ikurikirana urubanza angana n’ ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw) ndetse n’ ay’igihembo cya Avoka angana na miliyoni ebyiri (2.000.000 Frw). [38] Uhagarariye Mugisha Alex avuga ko amafaranga BPR Plc isaba nta shingiro yahabwa, kuko ari yo yishoye mu manza zidafite ishingiro, bityo ko igomba kwirengera ingaruka zabyo, ko iyo yubahiriza inshingano ntacyo yari kuba iryozwa. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [39] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ibi bikurikira: ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe. [40] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza BPR Plc isaba igomba kuyahabwa kubera ko ikirego cya Mugisha Alex cyo gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza RSOCA 00175/2021/HC/KIG cyatumye BPR Plc yiyambaza umunyamategeko wo kuyiburanira no gukurikirana urubanza. Kuba rero bigaragaye ko nta karengane kari muri urwo rubanza, Urukiko mu bushishozi bwarwo, rugeneye BPR Plc amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ibihumbi magana abiri (200.000 Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza, kuko ayo isaba ari menshi harebwe ibyakozwe mu rubanza. Rurasanga kandi amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka Mugisha Alex asaba nta shingiro afite kuko ikirego cye nta shingiro gifite. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [41] Rwemeje ko ikirego cya Mugisha Alex gisubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza RSOCA 00175/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 31/03/2022, nta shingiro gifite. [42] Rwemeje ko urubanza RSOCA 00175/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 31/03/2022, rugumyeho. [43] Rutegetse Mugisha Alex kwishyura Banque Populaire du Rwanda Plc (BPR Plc) amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ibihumbi magana abiri (200.000 Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza, kuri uru rwego, yiyongera ku mafaranga ibihumbi magana inani (800.000 Frw) yagenwe n’Urukiko Rukuru.