UBUSHINJACYAHA v MUHAWENIMANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v MUHAWENIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-12-20 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00245/2023/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v MUHAWENIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 00245/2023/CA (Ndahayo, P.J) 20 Ukuboza 2024] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Igabanyagihano – Nta cyabuza Urukiko rwajuririwe kongera kugabanya igihano mu gihe rusanga igihano cyatanzwe n’Urukiko rubanza kitaragabanyijwe mu buryo buhagije ubirebeye hamwe n’uburemere bw’icyaha cyakozwe. Amategeko yerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha – Ubujurire – Uwajuriye afite inshingano yo kugaragaza ukwibeshya kwakozwe n’Urukiko rubanza gushingiye ku mategeko cyangwa ku byabaye kwatumye urubanza rujuririrwa rucibwa nabi cyangwa kwatuma ruta agaciro. Iyo atabikoze ubwo bujurire burakirwa, urukiko rukemeza ko nta shingiro bufite. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ubushinjacyaha bwareze MUHAWENIMANA Jacques mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, busaba ko ahamwa n’icyo cyaha, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 25, kuko ku mogoroba wo ku wa 04/09/2020, ari kumwe n’umwana w’umukobwa witwa T. L. w’imyaka 16 y’amavuko bajyanye mu ishyamba, amubwira ko agiye kumuha akazi ko kurikorera nyina w’umukobwa agiye kumureba agezeyo asanga bari gusambana. MUHAWENIMANA Jacques yaburanye yemera icyaha avuga ko n’ubwo basambanye ariko atari azi ibyo aribyo, ngo kuko umukobwa ariwe wafashe igitsina cya MUHAWENIMANA Jacques akagikoza mu cye. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko MUHAWENIMANA Jacques ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 20. Yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Rusizi narwo ruca urubanza rwemeza ko nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi. MUHAWENIMANA Jacques ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, ajuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko yemera icyaha akaba asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kutazita ku guhuzagurika yagize ahakana icyaha mu Rukiko Rukuru kuko yari yashutswe na bagenzi be, ahubwo rukareba ko yari yacyemeye mu nzego z’iperereza no mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi. Ubushinjacyaha bwo buvuga ko Urukiko rwakwemeza ko ubujurire bwe budafite ishingiro, hakagumishwaho icyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, kuko yagabanyirijwe, naho ibyo avuga ubu nta shingiro bifite, kandi ko kuza kwemera muri uru rwego byaba ari ukuzana ingingo nshya ataburanishije mu rukiko rubanza. Incamake y’icyemezo: Ujurira agomba kugaragaza ibyo anenga urubanza rwaciwe ku rwego rwa mbere yifuza ko byakosorwa n’Urukiko yajuririye, agasobanura impamvu ari amakosa akagaragaza n’uburyo yakosorwa, ni ukuvuga ko afite inshingano yo kugaragaza ukwibeshya kwakozwe n’Urukiko rwa mbere, kwaba ukwibeshya gushingiye ku mategeko cyangwa gushingiye ku byabaye. Iyo nta nenge uwajuriye agaragaje, bivuze ko ntacyo urukiko rwajuririwe rwakosora, ahubwo haba hagomba kugumaho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. Bityo, kuba MUHAWENIMANA Jacques yarajuriye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko yemeye icyaha agasaba ko hateshwa agaciro ibyo yaburanye ahakana mu Rukuru Rukuru Urugereko rwa Rusizi, ntacyo byamumarira kuko, iyi ngingo ijyanye no kwemera icyaha muri uru rwego, ari nshya kandi

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ko atigeze ayiburanisha mu rubanza ajuririra ngo abe agaragaza inenge zirurimo asaba ko zakosorwa, bityo iyo ngingo yo kwemera icyaha ikaba itagomba gushingirwaho. Ku bijyanye n’ibihano Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga bitabuza uru Rukiko kongera kumugabanyiriza igihano hashingiwe ku kuba ari bwo bwa mbere MUHAWENIMANA Jacques ahamwe n’icyaha kandi akaba yari akiva mu bugimbi kuko yari afite imyaka 20 y’amavuko, akaba ari ngombwa ko ahanwa ariko akazagira igihe cyo kugaruka mu muryango nyarwanda amaze kugororoka, kuko nta cyabuza Urukiko rwajuririwe kongera kugabanya igihano mu gihe rusanga igihano cyatanzwe n’Urukiko rubanza kitaragabanyijwe mu buryo buhagije ubirebeye hamwe n’uburemere bw’icyaha cyakozwe. Imikirize y’urubanza ihindutse ku bijyanye n’igihano. Nta mategeko yashingiweho Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA 00559/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Nabibwiyimana Emmanuel, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/01/2023; RPAA 00406/2020/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Nahayo Ignace, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/10/2021; RPAA 00021/2023/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Singiranumwe Védaste, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 19/04/2024. Urubanza IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku mogoroba wo ku wa ya 04/09/2020, MUHAWENIMANA Jacques ari mu Mudugudu wa Kibavu, Akagali ka Jurwe, Umurenge wa Rangiro, ari kumwe n’umwana w’umukobwa witwa T. L. w’imyaka 16 y’amavuko bajyanye mu ishyamba, MUHAWENIMANA Jacues amubwira ko agiye kumuha akazi ko kurikorera bagezeyo batinda kugaruka. Nyina w’umukobwa yagiye kumureba agezeyo asanga bari gusambana. MUHAWENIMANA Jacques yahise ashyikirizwa ubugenzacyaha, nabwo bumushyikiriza Ubushinjacyaha bumurega mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, bunasaba ko ahamwa n’icyo cyaha, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 25. [2] MUHAWENIMANA Jacques yaburanye yemera icyaha avuga ko n’ubwo basambanye ariko atari azi ibyo aribyo, ngo kuko umukobwa ariwe wafashe igitsina cya MUHAWENIMANA Jacques akagikoza mu cye. [3] Mu rubanza No RP 00315/2020/TGI/RSZ rwaciwe ku wa 09/10/2020, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi rwemeje ko MUHAWENIMANA Jacques ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20 ans). [4] Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi rwashingiye icyemezo cyarwo ku kuba uregwa yaremeye icyaha kuva agifatwa, abatangabuhamya bamushinja barimo Tuyishime Laurentine

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wasambanyijwe, ndetse na Uwizeyimana Seraphine akaba nyina wa Tuyishime wabafatiye mu cyuho. [5] MUHAWENIMANA Jacques yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, urubanza ruhabwa No RPA 00360/2020/HC/RSZ, mu myanzuro y’ubujurire no mu miburanire, avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana rushingiye ku mvugo ye yo kwemera icyaha imbere y’Ubugenzacyaha, nyamara we yaracyemeye kubera ko yakubitwaga n’umugenzacyaha. Asaba kandi ko yagirwa umwere kubera ko asanganywe uburwayi bwo mu mutwe, no kuba yarasabye umwunganira mu mategeko ntamuhabwe. [6] Uburanira Ubushinjacyaha, avuga ko ibivugwa na MUHAWENIMANA Jacques nta shingiro bifite kubera ko ikibazo cyo kuba yarahatiwe mu bugenzacyaha kwemera icyaha ari ubwa mbere akivuze mu bujurire, bikaba binavuguruzwa no kuba mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye yaraburanye yemera icyaha. Ibijyanye n’uburwayi bwo mu mutwe nabyo ngo ntaho yigeze abigaragaza nabyo abivuze bwa mbere mu bujurire, akaba nta n’ikimenyetso abitangira cy’aho yaba yarivurije, naho ibijyanye no kunganirwa yibukijwe ko ari uburenganzira bwe bwo gushaka umwunganira, maze avuga ko nta bushobozi abifitiye bwo kumwishyura, urubanza rukomereza ku zindi ngingo z’ubujurire. [7] Mu rubanza No RPA 00360/2020/HC/RSZ rwaciwe ku wa 24/03/2023, Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Rusizi rwemeje ko nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza No RP 00315/2020/TGI/RSZ rwaciwe ku wa 09/10/2020 n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi, MUHAWENIMANA Jacques akaba agumishijwe ku gihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 20 kubera icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana. [8] Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiye icyemezo cyarwo ku kuba bigaragara nta gushidikanya ko nta terabwoba yashyizweho ryatumye yemera icyaha ku gahato kuko ahandi ho atigeze ahakubitirwa kandi hose yarabazwaga akanaburana yemera icyaha. Urukiko Rukuru rukaba rusanga ukwemera icyaha kwakozwe na MUHAWENIMANA Jacques kugomba guhabwa agaciro kuko kuzuzanya n’ibindi bimenyetso byagaragajwe haruguru, hakaba nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka 16. [9] MUHAWENIMANA Jacques ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, ajuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa No RPAA 00245/2023/CA, rushyirwa ku wa 03/12/2024, umwunganzi wa MUHAWENIMANA ntiyaboneka, rwimurirwa ku wa 09/12/2024, MUHAWENIMANA Jacques yitabye yunganiwe na Me NYANDWI BURILO Francois, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na PN NIYONKURU Francoise, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [10] Mu myanzuro ye MUHAWENIMANA Jacques n’umwunganizi we bavuga ko yemera icyaha akaba asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kutazita ku guhuzagurika yagize ahakana icyaha mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye kuko yari yashutswe na bagenzi be, ahubwo rukareba ko yari yacyemeye mu nzego z’iperereza no mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi. [11] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Urukiko rwakwemeza ko ubujurire bwe budafite ishingiro, ko hagumishijweho icyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, kuko yaragabanyirijwe, naho ibyo kuba

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rutashingira ku kuba yarahakanye aburana mu Rukiko Rukuru nabyo nta shingiro bifite, kandi ko kuza kwemera muri uru rwego byaba ari ukuzana ingingo nshya ataburanishije mu rukiko rubanza. [12] Urukiko ruhereye ku mpaka z’ababuranyi zagaragajwe haruguru, rusanga ikibazo gikwiye gusuzumwa ari ukumenya niba MUHAWENIMANA Jacques yagabanyirizwa ibihano ku mpamvu y’uko yemera icyaha muri uru Rukiko. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba MUHAWENIMANA Jacques yagabanyirizwa ibihano ku mpamvu y’uko yemera icyaha muri uru Rukiko. [13] MUHAWENIMANA Jacques na Me NYANDWI BURILO Francois umwunganira, bavuga ko yaburanye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi yemera icyaha agisabira imbabazi ariko ageze mu Rukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Rusizi akaba yarashutswe na bagenzi be aragihakana bituma narwo rumugumisha ku myaka 20, ariko akaba yarahuzaguritse kubera ko atari azi amategeko no kuba ari ubwa mbere yari afunzwe, bakaba batakamba kugira ngo urukiko ruce inkoni izamba rwirengagize aho yaburanye ahakana mu Rukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Rusizi, maze rwongere rumugabanyirize kuko yemera icyaha agasaba imbabazi. [14] Bakomeza bavuga ko MUHAWENIMANA Jacques yari aziko umukobwa yari afite imyaka 17 kuko ariyo yari yaramubwiye, bigatuma Urukiko rushingira kuri ayo magambo aho gushingira kuye rukamuhanisha imyaka 20 y’igufungo, ariko ko ubu aje gusaba imbabazi no gusaba Urukiko kuzashingira ku manza zitandukanye zirimo urubanza No RPAA 00564/2023/CA, urubanza No RPAA 00540/2021/CA ku wa 24/02/2024, n’urubanza No RPAA 00001/2023/CA zemerera umucamanza kuba yagabanyiriza ushinjwa ibihano nta limite, uru rwa nyuma rukaba rwamuhanishije imyaka 3 n’amezi 6, waregwaga gutunda no kubika ibiyobyabwenge, bashingira no ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023, rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange akagabanyirizwa ibihano kuko ubu afite imyaka 24, akaba yarakoze icyaha afite imyaka 20 ans. [15] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha, avuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire za MUHAWENIMANA Jacques avuga ko kuva mu ntangiriro mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye yaburanye yemera icyaha, Urukiko ntirwaha agaciro ukwemera icyaha kwe, rumuhanisha igihano kiremereye cy’imyaka 20 kandi atararuhije ubutabera, no kuba yaraburanye yemera icyaha agaragaza ko uwo bagikoranye yarafite imyaka 17, Urukiko rukagendera ku magambo y’Ubushinjacyaha wavuze ko yari afite imyaka 16, Ubushinjacyaha bukaba busanga izi mpamvu ze zombi nta shingiro zifite, kubera ko n’ubwo yaburanye atemera icyaha neza kuko yavuze ko umukobwa ariwe wafashe igitsina cye akagishyira mucye ngo we ntabwo yari azi ibyo aribyo, kandi ngo Urukiko ntirwabuze kumugabanyiriza ibihano kuko yasabye imbabazi kandi ngo Urukiko rwamuhanishije igihano gito gitegenyirizwa iki cyaha. [16] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha akomeza avuga ko kuba MUHAWENIMANA Jacques avuga ngo Urukiko rwagendeye ku magambo y’Ubushinjacyaha ntirwagendera kuye, nabyo nta shingiro bifite, uretse no kuba ntabyo yagararagaje ngo abitangire ibimenyetso ko umukobwa yari afite imyaka 17 ngo n’iyo aza kuba yaranabitanze, ntabwo byari kumukuraho icyaha kuko atari yujuje imyaka y’ubukure.

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[17] Yongeraho ko kuba MUHAWENIMANA Jacques asaba ko yagabanyirizwa muri uru Rukiko, agasaba ko rwakwirengagiza ko yahakanye icyaha mu Rukiko Rukuru ashutswe na bagenzi be kandi mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye yaraburanye acyemera, akabisabira imbabazi, Ubushinjacyaha busanga iyi mpamvu idakwiye guhabwa ishingiro, kuko harimo gukinisha Ubutabera agenda ahindagura imvugo uko yishakiye. Bityo, kubera izo mpamvu zose akaba atararenganyijwe, akaba adakwiye no kugabanyirizwa ibihano. [18] Yongeyeho ko ku bijyanye n’izi manza umwunganizi avuga ko umucamanza nta mupaka afite mu kugabanya ibihano, ubushinjacyaha bukaba butabyemera kuko urubanza rwanditse uko rwateza ibindi bibazo mu rwego rw’ubutabera, ahubwo bugasaba Urukiko kwemeza ko ubujurire bwa MUHAWENIMANA Jacques budafite ishingiro hakagumaho imikirize y’urubanza ajuririra. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [19] Impaka kuri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba ukwemera icyaha kwakozwe na MUHAWENIMANA Jacques muri uru rwego ari ingingo nshya itaraburanishijweho muri uru rubanza ajuririra, ikaba itagomba kwakirwa. [20] Mu rubanza N° RPAA 00559/2021/CA1 rwaciwe ku wa 27/01/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha v. NABIBWIYIMANA Emmanuel, nyuma yo gusesengura ingingo ya 183 y’itegeko nº 07/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabya ha, rugasanga yumvikanisha ko ujurira agomba kugaragaza ibyo anenga urubanza rwaciwe ku rwego rwa mbere yifuza ko byakosorwa n’Urukiko yajuririye, agasobanura impamvu ari amakosa akagaragaza n’uburyo yakosorwa, ni ukuvuga ko afite inshingano yo kugaragaza ukwibeshya kwakozwe n’Urukiko rwa mbere, kwaba ukwibeshya gushingiye ku mategeko cyangwa gushingiye ku byabaye. Iyo nta nenge uwajuriye agaragaje, bivuze ko ntacyo urukiko rwajuririwe rwakosora, ahubwo haba hagomba kugumaho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. [21] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko ku wa 05/09/2020 MUHAWENIMANA Jacques abazwa mu bugenzacyaha yemeye icyaha. Dosiye igaragaza kandi ko MUHAWENIMANA Jacques ageze mu bushinjacyaha ku wa 14/09/2020, nabwo yemeye icyaha avuga ko yashutswe n’uwo mukobwa bagasambana, ndetse yongera kubyemera mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 30/09/2020. [22] Dosiye igaragaza ko MUHAWENIMANA Jacques ageze mu Rukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Rusizi yajuriye ahakana icyaha ndetse anaburana ku wa 07/03/2023, akomeza guhakana icyaha asaba kugirwa umwere. [23] Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Rusizi rwahamije MUHAWENIMANA Jacques icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20 ans) rushingiye ku kuba ukwemera icyaha kwakozwe na MUHAWENIMANA Jacques kugomba guhabwa agaciro kuko kuzuzanya n’ibindi bimenyetso, no kuba atagaragaza ikimenyetso cy’ibyo avuga ko afite ikibazo cy’uburwayo bwo mu mutwe wenda ngo yakwerekana impapuro yivurijeho yigeze yerekana, rwemeza ko yakoze icyaha ari muzima.

1 Reba urubanza N° RPAA 00559/2021/CA waciwe ku wa 27/01/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha v. NABIBWIYIMANA Emmanuel, igika cya 31.

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[24] Urukiko rurasanga kuba MUHAWENIMANA Jacques yarajuriye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko yemeye icyaha agasaba ko hateshwa agaciro ibyo yaburanye ahakana mu Rukuru Rukuru Urugereko rwa Rusizi, ntacyo byamumarira kuko, iyi ngingo ijyanye no kwemera icyaha muri uru rwego, ari nshya kandi ko atigeze ayiburanisha mu rubanza ajuririra ngo abe agaragaza inenge zirurimo asaba ko zakosorwa, bityo iyo ngingo yo kwemera icyaha ikaba itagomba gushingirwaho nk’uko byemejwe ku rubanza rwavuzwe haruguru N° RPAA 00559/2021/CA. [25] Ku bijyanye n’ibihano Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga bitabuza uru Rukiko kongera kumugabanyiriza igihano hashingiwe ku kuba ari bwo bwa mbere MUHAWENIMANA Jacques ahamwe n’icyaha kandi akaba yari akiva mu bugimbi kuko yari afite imyaka 20 y’amavuko, akaba ari ngombwa ko ahanwa ariko akazagira igihe cyo kugaruka mu muryango nyarwanda amaze kugororoka, hanashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza Nº RPAA 00406/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/10/2021, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NAHAYO Ignace (igika cya 22). Uwo murongo ukaba uvuga ko nta cyabuza Urukiko rwajuririwe kongera kugabanya igihano mu gihe rusanga igihano cyatanzwe n’Urukiko rubanza kitaragabanyijwe mu buryo buhagije ubirebeye hamwe n’uburemere bw’icyaha cyakozwe. Uwo murongo washingiweho mu manza nyinshi zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, harimo n’urubanza RPAA 00021/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 19/04/2024, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na SINGIRANUMWE Védaste (igika cya 21) [26] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rero rurasanga kugabanya icyo gihano byakorwa mu rwego rwo guhuza igihano n’uburemere bw’icyaha (Principe de la proportionnalité de la peine à l’infraction)” hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 49, igika cya mbere y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko «Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw'icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo». [27] Hashingiwe rero ku bimaze kuvugwa haruguru Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga MUHAWENIMANA Jacques aho guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 20 yahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 11. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [28] Rwemeye kwakira ubujurire rwashyikirijwe na MUHAWENIMANA Jacques; [29] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza No RPA 00360/2020/HC/RSZ rwaciwe ku wa 24/03/2023, Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Rusizi, ihindutse ku bijyanye n’igihano; [30] Rutegetse ko MUHAWENIMANA Jacques ahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka 11; [31] Rutegetse ko MUHAWENIMANA Jacques asonewe kwishyura amagarama y’urubanza kuko afunzwe.