UBUSHINJACYAHA vs MUHOZA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA vs MUHOZA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-02-26 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00452/2023/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA vs MUHOZA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00452/2023/CA (Gakwaya P.J.) 26 Gashyantare 2025] Amategeko yerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha – Ubujurire – Impamvu z’ubujurire – Mu bigomba kuba mu nyandiko y’ubujurire, harimo n’impamvu z’ubujurire zigaragaza inenge uwajuriye asaba ko zikosorwa n’ibisobanuro by’uburyo zakosorwa, hashingiwe ku mategeko n’ibimenyetso n’igisabwa Urukiko rwajuririwe – Ingingo yose itanzwe nyuma y’ibihe by’ubujurire, uretse iyuzuza cyangwa isobanura iyatanzwe mu bihe byemewe byo kujurira, ntigomba kwakirwa kuko iba itubahirije ibihe byateganyirijwe ubujurire. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare, Ubushinjacyaha bukurikiranye uregwa ku cyaha cy’ubwinjiracyaha mu cyaha cy’ubwicanyi, buvuga ko nyuma y’ibyumweru bibiri uregwa abyaye umwana, yashatse kumwica kugira ngo abane n'umugabo we bari baratandukanye bapfuye ko inda y’uwo mwana yayitewe n'undi mugabo, ni bwo uregwa yafashe umuti w’inka (Kiyoda), awuha uwo mwana, abonye amerewe nabi ahita amusohokana yiruka, umuturanyi we aramumwambura amujyana kwa muganga. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha akurikiranweho, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25). Uregwa yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kikajya munsi y’igiteganywa n’Itegeko kuko icyo yahawe abona kiremereye, kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha aregwa, akagisabira imbabazi, ko kandi ariwe watabarije uwo mwana. Urwo Rukiko narwo rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe bugamije gusaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kugeza munsi y’igiteganywa n’Itegeko nta nshingiro bufite, ruhamishaho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. Uregwa yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 30/11/2020, avuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire azazohereza nyuma mu mwanzuro w’inyongera. Nyuma y’igihe, ku wa 5/6/2024, yatanze umwanzuro yise uwo kwiregura, avuga ko mu nkiko zibanza yemeye icyaha anagisabira imbabazi, asobanura uko yagikoze ariko hakaba harirengagijwe ibisobanuro yatanze. Asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kumugabanyiriza igihano rushingiye kuri uko kwemera icyaha kwe, agahabwa igihano gito gishoboka, ndetse agahindurirwa inyito y’icyaha yahamijwe, agahanirwa icyaha cyo kwihekura kuko yakoze icyaha kubw’ ibibazo yari afite. Ubushinjacyaha bwo buburana buvuga ko ubujurire bwatanzwe ku wa 30/11/2020 bukwiye kwakirwa kuko bwatanzwe mu bihe biteganywa n’amategeko, ariko ko impamvu z’ubujurire yatanze mu mwanzuro wo ku wa 5/6/2024 zidakwiye kwakirwa ngo zisuzumwe, kuko zatanzwe ibihe byo kujurira byararenze, ko rero nta bujurire yakoze, kuko ubwo yatanze mu bihe biteganywa n’amategeko, atigeze agaragaza impamvu abushingiraho cyangwa icyo anenga urubanza yajuririye. Incamake y’icyemezo: Mu bigomba kuba mu nyandiko y’ubujurire, harimo n’impamvu z’ubujurire zigaragaza inenge uwajuriye asaba ko zikosorwa n’ibisobanuro by’uburyo zakosorwa, hashingiwe ku mategeko n’ibimenyetso n’igisabwa Urukiko rwajuririwe. Ingingo yose itanzwe nyuma y’ibihe by’ubujurire, uretse iyuzuza cyangwa isobanura iyatanzwe mu bihe byemewe byo kujurira, ntigomba kwakirwa kuko iba itubahirije ibihe byateganyirijwe ubujurire. Amategeko yakoreshejwe: Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 60. Imanza zifashishijwe: BRD Ltd vs. Mbuto Aimable n’undi, RCOMAA 00071/2017/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 26/10/2018,

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Ubujurire ntibwakiriwe. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ubushinjacyaha, buvuga ko ku wa 7/6/2019, nyuma y’ibyumweru bibiri (2) Muhoza Sarah abyaye umwana akamwita Uwiduhaye Cynthia, yashatse kumwica kugira ngo abane n'umugabo we bari baratandukanye bapfuye ko inda y’uwo mwana yayitewe n'undi mugabo, ni bwo Muhoza Sarah yafashe umuti w’inka (Kiyoda), awuha uwo mwana, abonye amerewe nabi ahita amusohokana yiruka, umuturanyi we aramumwambura amujyana kwa muganga, Muhoza Sarah atangira gukurikiranwa. [2] Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Muhoza Sarah mu Rukiko Rwsumbuye rwa Nyagatare, bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cy’ubwinjiracyaha mu cyaha cy’ubwicanyi, busaba ko cyamuhama, agahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. [3] Muhoza Sarah yaburanye yemera icyaha aregwa, asobanura ko yagikoze abitewe n’uko yashakaga kubana n’umugabo wari waramwirukanye amuziza ko yatwise inda itari iye, asaba imbabazi no kugabanyirizwa igihano. [4] Mu rubanza no RP 00767/2019/TGI/NYG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare ku wa 27/6/2019, rushingiye ku kuba Muhoza Sarah yemera icyaha, akagisabira imbabazi no ku buhamya bwa BATETA Libératha umushinja, rwemeje ko MUHOZA Sarah ahamwa n’icyaha akurikiranweho, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25). [5] Muhoza Sarah yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kikajya munsi y’igiteganywa n’Itegeko kuko icyo yahawe abona kiremereye, kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha aregwa, akagisabira imbabazi, ko kandi ariwe watabarije uwo mwana. [6] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ubujurire bwa Muhoza Sarah budakwiye guhabwa ishingiro, kuko ibyo asaba yabihawe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare mu rubanza yajuririye, aho yagabanyirijwe ibihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacayaha avuga, akaba yarahawe igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25), aho guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu, kandi icyo gihano yahawe kikaba aricyo gito giteganywa n’Itegeko. [7] Mu rubanza no RPA 00632/2019/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 30/11/2020, rushingiye ku kwemera icyaha kwa Muhoza Sarah no kuba igihano yahawe cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) aricyo gito giteganyirijwe wa kuri icyaha yahamijwe cy’ubwinjiracyaha mu cyaha cy’ubwicanyi, rwemeje ko ubujurire bwe bugamije gusaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kugeza munsi y’igiteganywa n’Itegeko nta nshingiro bufite, ruhamishaho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. [8] Ku wa 30/11/2020, Muhoza Sarah yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire azazohereza nyuma mu mwanzuro w’inyongera. [9] Ku wa 5/6/2024, Muhoza Sarah yatanze umwanzuro yise uwo kwiregura, avuga ko mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare, ndetse no mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, yemeye icyaha anagisabira imbabazi, asobanura uko yagikoze abitewe n’uko umugabo yari yaramujujubije amuziza ko yamuzanye afite inda itari iye, ariko ibyo byose birirengangizwa, bituma atagabanyirizwa igihano, ko rero asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kumugabanyiriza igihano rushingiye kuri uko kwemera icyaha kwe, agahabwa

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igihano gito gishoboka, ndetse agahindurirwa inyito y’icyaha yahamijwe, agahanirwa icyaha cyo kwihekura kuko yakoze icyaha kubw’ ibibazo yari afite. [10] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ubujurire Muhoza Sarah yatanze ku wa 30/11/2020 bukwiye kwakirwa kuko bwatanzwe mu bihe biteganywa n’amategeko, ariko ko impamvu z’ubujurire yatanze mu mwanzuro wo ku wa 5/6/2024 zidakwiye kwakirwa ngo zisuzumwe, kuko zatanzwe ibihe byo kujurira byararenze, ko rero hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 183 y’Itegeko n° 027/2019 ryo ku wa 9/9/2019 rigenga imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha1, nta bujurire Muhoza Sarah yakoze, kuko ubwo yatanze mu bihe biteganywa n’amategeko, atigeze agaragaza impamvu abushingiraho cyangwa icyo anenga urubanza yajuririye nk’uko iyo ngingo ibiteganya. [11] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ariko ko hashingiwe ku Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, yasohotse nyuma y’uko urubanza rujuririrwa ruciriwe, iteganya ko igifungo kimara igihe kizwi kiva ku mezi atandatu (6) kuzamura gishobora kugabanywa, ariko ntikijye munsi ya kimwe cya kabiri (1/2) cy’igihano gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe, MUHOZA Sarah yagabanyirizwa igihano, agahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo kitari munsi y’imyaka cumi n’ibiri (12) n’amezi atandatu (6), kuko igihano gito ku cyaha yahamijwe cyari igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25). [12] Urubanza rwahawe no RPAA 00452/2023/CA, ruburanishwa ku wa 4/2/2025, Muhoza Sarah yunganiwe na Me Rwabigwi Augustin, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Habineza Jean Damascène, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [13] Hashingiwe ku byaburanishijwe ku wa 10/12/2024, ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ni ukumenya niba ubujurire bwa Muhoza Sarah bukwiye kwakirwa. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba ubujurire bwa Muhoza Sarah bukwiye kwakirwa [14] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ingingo ya 183, agace ka gatanu (5), y’Itegeko n° 027/2019 ryo ku wa 9/9/2019 rigenga imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha, isobanura ko umwanzuro w’ubujurire ugaragaza ibisabwa n’uwajuriye bikwiye gukosorwa n’uko bigomba gukosorwa; ko kandi umwanzuro w’inyongera ugomba kuba usobanura cyangwa wuzuza impamvu zagaragajwe mu mwanzuro wa mbere, nyamara Muhoza Sarah we mu kujurira akaba ataragaragaje icyo anenga urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, ahubwo abigaragaza mu mwanzuro w’inyongera watanzwe impitagihe, ko rero ari nk’aho nta bujurire yatanze. [15] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ariko ko kubw’amategeko, Muhoza Sarah ashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano yakatiwe, hashingiwe ku Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko rwahinduwe n’Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023, agahabwa igihano cy’igifungo kitari munsi y’imyaka cumi n’ibiri (12) n’amezi atandatu (6). [16] Me Rwabigwi Augustin avuga ko Muhoza Sarah atatanze impamvu z’ubujurire ubwo yajuriraga kuko hari mu bihe bya covid. Akomeza avuga ko nk’uko Ubushinjacyaha bubisaba, MUHOZA Sarah nawe asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano yakatiwe, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko n° 059/2023 ryo ku wa

1 (…) Mu gace kayo ka 5º, isobanura neza ko impamvu z’ubujurire ziba zigamije kunenga no gusaba gukosora amakosa yakozwe mu rubanza ajurira n’uburyo agomba gukosorwa hashingiwe ku mategeko n’ibimenyetso, n’igisabwa Urukiko. Mu gace ka 6º, ibisobanuro kuri buri nenge cyangwa kuri buri kibazo bigaragaza amakosa yakozwe n’uburyo agomba gukosorwa hashingiwe ku mategeko n’ibimenyetso n’igisabwa urukiko’’.

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4/12/2023 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, kuko umwana yashatse kwica yakize, ko kandi ariwe wamutabarije, akaba akwiye guhabwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [17] Impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba ubujurire bwa Muhoza Sarah bwakwakirwa harebwe igihe yatangiye impamvu ze z’ubujurire. [18] Nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza rubanziriza urundi n° RCOMAA 00071/2017/CS, ku birebana n’igihe impamvu z’ubujurire cyangwa igihe inenge ziri mu rubanza rujuririrwa bigomba gutangwa, mu bigomba kuba mu nyandiko y’ubujurire, harimo n’impamvu z’ubujurire zigaragaza inenge uwajuriye asaba ko zikosorwa n’ibisobanuro by’uburyo zakosorwa, hashingiwe ku mategeko n’ibimenyetso n’igisabwa Urukiko rwajuririwe, ko ingingo yose itanzwe nyuma y’ibihe by’ubujurire, uretse iyuzuza cyangwa isobanura iyatanzwe mu bihe byemewe byo kujurira, itagomba kwakirwa kuko iba itubahirije ibihe byateganyirijwe ubujurire2. Uwo murongo niwo ukurikizwa kugeza ubu nk’uko bigaragara mu rubanza n° RPAA 00306/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 15/11/2024. [19] Mu nyandiko y’ubujurire ya Muhoza Sarah yo ku wa 30/11/2020, yavuze ko impamvu ze z’ubujurire n’ibindi bisobanuro azazitanga mu mwanzuro azohereza nyuma. Mu mwanzuro we wo kwiregura wo ku wa 5/6/2024, Muhoza Sarah yagaragaje ko inenge nyamukuru ituma ajurira ari uko yaburanye yemera icyaha aregwa, ariko Urukiko rwanze kumugabanyiriza igihano, ko rwirengagije n’ibisobanuro yarugaragarije ko yari abuze uko arera uwo mwana. Muri uwo mwanzuro, yasobanuye ko Urukiko rwagombaga kumuhamya icyaha cyo kwihekura kuko yagikoze kubwo bibazo yari afite, aho kuba ubwinjiracyaha mu cyaha cy’ubwicani. Yasoje asaba Urukiko kumugabanyiriza igihano yakatiwe, akahabwa igihano gito gishoboka. [20] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko urubanza rujuririrwa rwaciwe ku wa 30/11/2020, kopi y’urubanza ishyirwa muri iecms ku wa 26/12/2020. [21] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ubujurire bukubiye mu ibaruwa Muhoza Sarah yashyikirije uru Rukiko ku wa 30/11/2020 yari yabutanze mu gihe gikurikije amategeko, kuko igaragaza ko yajuriye umunsi w’icibwa ry’urubanza, ariko ntiyagaragaza icyo anenga urubanza nk’uko amategeko abiteganya. Rurasanga kandi kopi y’urubanza yarashyizwe muri system kuva ku wa 26/12/2020, ariko Muhoza Sarah agaragaza inenge z’urubanza ajuririra ku wa 5/6/2024, nyuma y’imyaka itatu (3) n’amezi atandatu (6), Rurasanga rero Muhoza Sarah n’ubwo yajuriye mu gihe, ariko yagaragaje impamvu anenga urubanza ajurira impitagihe, bivuze ko ibikubiye mu mwanzuro we wo ku wa 5/6/2024 bitagomba kwakirwa kuko byatanzwe mu buryo binyuranyije n’umorongo wafashwe n’uru Rukiko mu manza zitandukanye zagaragajwe haruguru. [22] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ibivugwa na Muhoza Sarah n’umwunganira by’uko atashoboye kugaragaza impamvu ze z’ubujurire mu gihe kubera hari mu bihe bya covid, nta shingiro bifite kuko ingamba zo kwirinda covid zarangiye mu mwaka wa 2021, imirimo mu nzego zose n’iza Leta yongera gukorwa uko byari bisanzwe, bivuze ko nta cyari kumubuza kugaragaza impamvu ze z’ubujurire mu gihe. [23] Hashingiwe ku byagaragajwe haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga n’ubwo Muhoza Sarah yamenyesheje mu gihe uru Rukiko ko ajuririye, ubujurire bwe butakwakirwa kuko atubahirije ibindi bisabwa n’amategeko bigomba kugaragazwa mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko kugira ngo ubujurire bwe bakwirwe.

2 Reba urubanza nº RCOMAA 00071/2017/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 26/10/2018, haburana BRD Ltd na Mbuto Aimable na Mukangabire Pacifique, igika cya 20 – 21;

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[24] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rero kuba ubujurire bwa Muhoza Sarah budakwiye kwakirwa, ibisabwa n’Ubushinjacyaha nawe ubwe byo kumugabanyiriza igihano, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 60, agace ka b, y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko rwahinduwe kugeza ubu33, bitasuzumwa. [25] Kubera izo mpamvu zose, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ubujurire bwa Muhoza Sarah butakiriwe. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [26] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Muhoza Sarah butakiriwe; [27] Rwemeje ko nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza no RPA 00632/2019/HC/RWG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 30/11/2020; [28] Rwemeje ko igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) Muhoza Sarah yahanishijwe, kigumyeho; [29] Rutegetse ko amagarama y'urubanza aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta.

3 Agace ka b k’ingingo ya 60 gateganya ko ‘’ Igifungo kimara igihe kizwi kiva ku mezi 6 kuzamura gishobora kugabanywa, ariko ntikijye munsi ya kimwe cya kabiri cy’igihano gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe’’.