UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MUJAWAMARIYA N’ABANDI

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MUJAWAMARIYA N’ABANDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2014-09-12 - Case/document no.: RPA 0198/10/CS - Collection: Supreme Court

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MUJAWAMARIYA N’ABANDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – RPA 0198/10/CS (Kayitesi, P.J., Rugabirwa na Mukanyundo, J.) 12 Nzeli, 2014] Amategeko mpanabyaha – Icyaha cyo kuroga – Ibimenyetso bidashidikanywaho – Ikimenyetso cyabonetse mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko ntigihabwa agaciro –Itegeko nº15/2004 ryo kuwa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, ingingo ya 6 Incamake y’ikibazo: Mujawamariya Vénantie na Nyirahabimana Bernadette bakurikiranyweho icyaha cyo kuroga Bariyanaga Berchmas na Nyiransabimana Gertrude barapfa bafatanyije na Nyiransabimana Purukeriya uvugwa ko ariwe wabahaye uburozi. Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Musanze rushingiye kukuba baremeye icyaha mu bugenzacyaha no mu bushinjacyaha, rwemeje Mujawamariya Venantie na Nyirahabimana Bernadette bahamwa n’icyaha rubahanisha igifungo cya burundu no kwamburwa uburenganzira umuntu afite mu gihugu kuri buri wese naho Nyirnsabimana Purukeriya agirwa umwere. Mujawamariya Venantie na Nyirahabimana Bernadette bajuririye Urukiko Rw’ikirenga bavuga ko bakwiye kugirwa abere kuko nta kimenyetso kigaragaza ko bakoze icyaha cyo kuroga bakurikiranyweho.. Incamake y’icyemezo: Urukiko Rukuru ntirwagombaga guhamya abaregwa icyaha cyo kuroga rushingiye ku kimenyetso cy’uko bemereye icyaha mu nzego z’iperereza mu gihe ukwemera icyaha kwabo kwabonetse mu buryo bunyuranyije n’ingingo ya 6 y’Itegeko nº 15/2004 ryo kuwa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, ibuza ko umuburanyi akorerwa ibikorwa bibabaza umubiri we kugira ngo avuge ibyo yanze kuvuga ku neza.Bityo abaregwa bagizwe abere. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro. Abaregwa bagizwe abere Urubanza rwajuririwe ruhindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose. Amagarama y’urubanza aherereye ku isanduku ya Leta. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko nº 30/20013 ryo kuwa 24/05/2013 ryerekeyeimiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, Ingingo ya 165 Itegeko Teka no21/1977 ryo kuwa 18/8/1997 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana, ingingo ya 315 Nta manza zifashishijwe.

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URUBANZA IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, Ubushinjacyaha burega Mujawamariya Vénantie kuba yararoze Nyiransabimana Gertrude arapfa, ko kandi Nyirahabimana Bernadette yaroze Bariyanga Berchmans arapfa, ndetse ko bafatanyije na Nyiransabimana Purukeriya gukora icyaha cyo kuroga kuko ariwe wabahaye uburozi babarogesheje. [2] Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza, rwemeza ko Mujawamariya Vénantie Nyirahabimana Bernadette bahamwa n’icyaha cyo kuroga, rubahanisha igifungo cya burundu no kwamburwa uburenganzira umuntu afite mu gihugu kuri buri wese, naho Nyiransabimana Purukeriya agirwa umwere. [3] Urwo Rukiko rwasobanuye ko Mujawamariya Vénantie na Nyirahabimana Bernadette bahamwa n’icyaha cyo kuroga kubera ko bacyiyemereye mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha, ko kuba barageze imbere y’Urukiko Rukuru bakagihakana bavuga ko bacyemejwe n’inkoni n’umuti bahawe ku gahato nta shingiro bifite, kuko batari gukubitwa mu gihe bari bemeye icyaha, ko kandi batacyemejwe n’umuti bavuga ko banyoye kuko Nyiransabimana Purukeriya ngo bawusangiye yahakanye icyaha mu nzego zose yabarijwemo. [4] Mujawamariya Vénantie na Nyirahabimana Bernadette bajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga bavuga ko bakwiye kugirwa abere kuko nta kimenyetso kigaragaza ko bakoze icyaha cyo kuroga bakurikiranyweho. [5] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame kuwa 14/07/2014, Mujawamariya Vénantie na Nyirahabimana Bernadette bitabye kandi bunganiwe na Me Biraro Fischer, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Higaniro Hermogène. II. IKIBAZO KIRI MU RUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYACYO: Kumenya niba hari ibimenyetso bihamya Mujawamariya Vénantie na Nyirahabimana Bernadette icyaha baregwa [6] Mujawamariya Vénantie na Nyirahabimana Bernadette n’ubunganira bavuga ko bakwiye kugirwa abere kuko nta kimenyetso kigaragaza ko baroze Nyiransabimana Gertrude na Bariyanga Berchmans kuko uburozi buvugwa ko babarogesheje butafatiriwe, ko kandi nta cyemezo cya muganga kigaragaza ko nba nyakwigendera bishwe n’uburozi, nyamara barapfiriye kwa muganga.

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[7] Basobanura ko Urukiko Rukuru rwabahamije icyaha cyo kuroga rushingiye ku kuba baremereye icyaha cyo kuroga mu nzego z’iperereza, rwirengagiza ko icyo kimenyetso kitagombaga guhabwa agaciro kuko batemereye icyaha imbere y’Urukiko, ko kandi bacyemejwe n’inkoni bakubitiwe kuri Polisi y’i Nyakiribahamwe n’umuti bahawe na Rukara watumye batakaza ubwenge bakemera icyaha batakoze igihe abaturage bari barabajyanye kubashora. [8] Ubunganira avuga kandi ko raporo yo kuwa 13/10/2007 iri muri dosiye kuri (C23), igaragaza ko abaregwa ari abere kuko Umuhuzabikorwa w’Akagari ka Kavomo yandikiye Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Umurenge wa Nyundo amumenyesha ko yakoresheje inama, ariko ko yabuze ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko ba nyakwigendera barozwe na Mujawamariya Vénantie, Nyirahabimana Bernadette na Nyiransabimana Purukeriya. [9] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Mujawamariya na Nyirahabimana bakwiye kugirwa abere kubera ko ukwemera icyaha kwabo konyine atari ikimenyetso kibahamya icyaha baregwa. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [10] Ingingo ya 165 y’Itegeko nº 30/20013 ryo kuwa 24/05/2013 ryerekeyeimiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha iteganya ko “Gushidikanya birengera ushinjwa. Iyo urubanza rwakurikiranywe mu buryo bwose, ntihagire ibimenyetso nyakuri biboneka byemeza nta shiti ko ushinjwa yakoze icyaha koko, bagomba kwemeza ko atsinze”. [11] Naho ingingo ya 315 y’Igitabo cy’amategeko ahana cyakurikizwaga igihe icyaha cyakorwaga, igateganya ko “Byitwa kuroga, kugambirira ubuzima bw’umuntu umuha ibintu bishobora kwica bwangu cyangwa bitinze, batagombye kwitegereza ibyakoreshejwe cyangwa uko byahawe nyiri ukubigirirwa n’inkurikizi zabyo”. [12] Na none ingingo ya 6 y’Itegeko nº 15/2004 ryo kuwa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, igateganya ko “Birabujijwe gukorera umuburanyi cyangwa umutangabuhamya ibibabaza umubiri, ibikorwa by’ubugome cyangwa ibimutesha agaciro ngo bakunde bavuge ibyo banze kuvuga ku neza“. [13] Mu gitabo cye yise “Droit Pénal Spécial Zaïrois“, Général Likulia Bolongo,umuhanga mu mategeko ahana asobanura ko kubera ko kuroga ari kwicisha umuntu uburozi, uwaroze agomba kuba yari afite ubushake bwo kwica (volonté) cyangwa yari azi neza (avoir conscience) ko ibintu amuhaye bishobora kumwica bwangu cyangwa bitinze, ko kandi ijambo “guha” risobanura ko ari uguha umuntu uburozi akabushoreza, akaburira mu biryo cyangwa akabunywera mu mazi cyangwa akabuterwa mu mubiri1. Naho Jean PRADEL na Michel 1 L’empoisonnement étant un meurtre par poison, il en résulte que l’agent doit avoir agi avec l’intention de donner la mort ou tout ou moins avec la conscience que la substance administée peut la provoquer plus ou moins promptement. Par “emploi ou administration“, il faut entendre notamment le fait de faire absorber, faire manger, injecter, faire consommer, ou faire boire des substances mortelles“, par Général Likulia Bolongo, Droit Pénal Spécial Zaïrois, LGDJ, T1, 1985, P.80.

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DANTI-JUAN mu gitabo cyabo bise “Droit Pénal Spécial“ bagasobanura ko nta cyaha cyo kuroga kibaho mu gihe hatabayeho igikorwa cyo guha umuntu uburozi2. [14] Ku birebana n’uru rubanza, muri raporo ye yo kuwa 13/10/2007 iri muri dosiye (C23), Umuhuzabikorwa w’Akagari ka Kavomo yandikiye Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Umurenge wa Nyundo amumenyesha ko mu nama yo kuwa 13/10/2007, abaturage bamwibwiriye ko badafite ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Mujawamariya Vénantie, Nyirahabimana Bernadette na Nyiransabimana Purukeriya baroze Nyiransabimana Gertrude na Bariyanga Berchmans, ariko ko hari agatsiko k’abaturage kabajyanye kwa muganga wabashoye n’ubwo Ubuyobozi bwari bwabibangiye icyo gihe, ko kandi yumva ko abo bagore uko ari batatu bahawe umuti watumye basara, ndetse ko ushobora no kubica. [15] Hashingiwe kuri ibyo bisobanuro, Urukiko rurasanga Urukiko Rukuru rutaragombaga guhamya Mujawamariya Vénantie na Nyirahabimana Bernadette icyaha cyo kuroga rushingiye ku kimenyetso cy’uko bemereye icyaha mu nzego z’iperereza mu gihe ukwemera icyaha kwabo kwabonetse mu buryo bunyuranyije n’ingingo ya 6 y’Itegeko nº 15/2004 ryo kuwa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo yavuzwe haruguru, ibuza ko umuburanyi akorerwa ibikorwa bibabaza umubiri we kugira ngo avuge ibyo yanze kuvuga ku neza. [16] Urukiko rurasanga rero Mujawamariya Vénantie na Nyirahabimana Bernadette bakwiye kugirwa abere nk’uko n’Ubushinjacyaha bubivuga hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 165 y’Itegeko nº 30/20013 no ku bisobanuro by’abahanga mu mategeko byavuzwe haruguru, kuko nta kimenyetso kigaragaza ko baroze Nyiransabimana Gertrude na Bariyanga Berchmans kubera ko nta cyemezo cya muganga kiri muri dosiye kigaragaza ko ba nyakwigendera bishwe n’uburozi, nyamara barapfiriye kwa muganga, no kuba nta burozi bwafatiriwe. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [17] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Mujawamariya Vénantie na Nyirahabimana Bernadette bufite ishingiro; [18] Rwemeje ko Mujawamariya Vénantie na Nyirahabimana Bernadette ari abere; [19] Ruvuze ko imikirize y’urubanza RP 0156/07/HC/MUS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze kuwa 27/05/2010 ihindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose; [20] Rutegetse ko amagarama y’uru rubanza aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta. 2 2“Sans administration, point d’empoisonnement », par Jean PRADEL na Michel DANTI-JUAN, Droit Pénal Spécial, Editions Cujas, 4e édition, Paris, 2007-2008, p.47.