MUKADEMOKARASI N’ABANDI VS SANLAM AG PLC

# MUKADEMOKARASI N’ABANDI VS SANLAM AG PLC

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-11-22 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RC 00013/2022/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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MUKADEMOKARASI N’ABANDI VS SANLAM AG PLC [Rwanda URUKIKO R’UBUJURIRE – RS/INJUST/RC 00013/2022/CA (Munyangeri, P.J; Ngagi na Kamere J.) 22 Ugushyingo] Amategeko Mbonezamubano – Impanuka yo mu muhanda – Amasezerano yihariye y’ubwishingizi n’Itegeko rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga – kumenya igishingirwaho mu kubara indishyi – Amasezerano yihariye y’ubwishingizi agirira akamaro abayavugwamo bagize impanuka yatewe n’ikinyabiziga ayo masezerano areba. Bityo, iyo ayo masezerano ateganya ko indishyi zihabwa umukozi kuriyo modoka cyangwa ufitanye isano na nyirimodoka, undi wese wagira impanuka nubwo yaba ayirimo afatwa nka rubanda(tiers) agahabwa indishyi hashingiwe ku Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003. Incamake y’Ikibazo: uru rubanza rwatangiye abo mu muryango wa Bizimungu wahitanywe n’impanuka ubwo yahanukaga mu modoka Toyota Hilux aho yari inyuma akikubita hasi akajyanwa kwa muganga agahita apfa, ubahagarariye witwa Mukademokarasi yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi asaba Sanlam umwishingizi w’imodoka yateje impanuka indishyi zitandukanye. Sanlam AG Plc yaburanye ivuga ko nta ndishyi igomba kuryozwa kuko nta kosa uwari utwaye ikinyabiziga yakoze, ko ariko Urukiko rubibonye ukundi habaho kugabana uburyozwe (partage de reponsabilité). Urukiko mu rubanza RC00044/2018/TGI/GIC rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe n’abarega gifite ishingiro, Rutegeka SANLAM AG Plc kwishyura abarega indishyi zose hamwe zihwanye na 7.507.900Frw. SANLAM AG Plc ntiyanyuzwe yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru ivuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi rwashingiye icyemezo cyarwo ku Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga kandi rwaragombaga gushingira ku masezerano y’ubwishingizi. Mukademokarasi na bagenzi be bireguye bavuga ko amasezerano y’ubwishingizi uwajuriye yitwaza ntaho ahuriye n’uru rubanza kuko ari amasezerano ajyanye n’ubwishingire kuri nyir’ikinyabiziga n’abamukomokaho ndetse n’abakora kuri icyo kinyabiziga. Bityo ko Urukiko nta kosa rwakoze mu kuzibara. Urukiko mu rubanza RCA00368/2019/HC/KIG rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na SANLAM AG Plc bufite ishingiro, ko amasezerano y’ubwishingizi Nzimulinda nyiri kinyabiziga cyateje impanuka yagiranye na Sanlam AG Plc ariyo agomba gushingirwaho mu kubarira abaregwa indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yahitanye Bizimungu. Rutegeka Sanlam AG Plc guha abaregwa mu bujurire bose hamwe bahagarariwe na Mukademokarasi 3.300.000Frw. Mukademokarasi na bagenzi be basabye ko urubanza RCA00368/2019/HC/KIG rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, nyuma ya raporo yakozwe na Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, mu cyemezo No 182 /CJ/2022, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yemeje ko urwo rubanza rusubirwamo, maze arwohereza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire kugira ngo ruzongere ruburanishwe. Abarega bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiye ku masezerano y’ubwishingizi kandi rwaragombaga gushingira ku mategeko agenga uburyo indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka zitangwa, basaba ko indishyi mbangamirabukungu n’indishyi zose zibarwa hashingiwe ku Iteka rya Perezida twavuze haruguru. SANLAM AG Plc yiregura ivuga ko nta karengane kari mu rubanza RCA00368/2019/HC/KIG kuko mu masezerano y’ubwishingizi yabaye hagati ya Sanlam AG Plc na Nzimulinda, bumvikanye indishyi zigomba gutangwa, bityo ko nta kosa Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze ryo gutanga indishyi zishingiye kuri ayo masezerano, kuko batabasha kugaragaza ko Bizimungu yari rubanda (tiers) kandi yari muri iyo

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modoka. Bityo ko nta ndishyi zishingiye ku Iteka rya Perezida zigomba gutangwa. Inasaba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. Urukiko rwemeje ko ibivugwa na Sanlam byuko nyakwigendera Bizimungu atarebwa n’amasezerano y’ubwishingizi nta shingiro bifite, kuko uburyozwe bwa SANLAM AG Plc bushingiye ku biteganywa n’Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 n’Itegeko-Teka Nº 32/75 ryo ku wa 07/06/1975 rirebana n’ubwishingire butegetswe ku buryozwe butewe n’ibigenzwa ku butaka bifite moteri. Bityo Urukiko rwemeza ko urubanza RCA00368/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, rurimo akarengane kagiriwe abarega, indishyi zikaba zigomba kubarwa hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’Iteka rya Perezida Nº 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Amasezerano yihariye y’ubwishingizi agirira akamaro abayavugwamo bagize impanuka yatewe n’ikinyabiziga ayo masezerano areba. Bityo, iyo ayo masezerano ateganya ko indishyi zihabwa umukozi kuriyo modoka cyangwa ufitanye isano na nyirimodoka, undi wese wagira impanuka nubwo yaba ayirimo afatwa nka rubanda(tiers) agahabwa indishyi hashingiwe ku Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003. 2. Amafaranga yo kwera no gushyingura ntatangwa n’Urukiko kuko adateganijwe n’Iteka rya Perezida N° 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga. Ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane gifite ishingiro.

Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko-Teka Nº 32/75 ryo ku wa 7/6/1975 ryerekeye ubwishingizi, Ingingo ya 4 Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, Ingingo ya 23, 24 Itegeko No 41/2001 ryo ku wa 19/09/2001 ryerekeye itangwa ry'indishyi ku bahohotewe biturutse ku mpanuka zo ku mubiri zitewe n'ibinyabiziga, ingingo ya 4 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, Ingingo ya 111 Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RCAA 0049/14/CS rwaciwe ku wa 25/11/2016, haburana SORAS AG Ltd n’UMUHOZA Pacifique n’abandi Urubanza

I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 23/01/2019, Bizimungu Evariste na bagenzi be bahawe lifuti (lift) na Nkurikiyimana Callixte wari utwaye imodoka Toyota Hilux, abajyana inyuma (muri caisse arrière) bageze mw’ikorosi, Bizimungu Evariste ahanuka mu modoka yikubita hasi arakomereka bamujyana kwa muganga bamugejejeyo ahita apfa, iyo modoka ikaba yari ifite ubwishingizi muri SORAS AG Ltd yahindutse SANLAM AG Plc. [2] Mukademokarasi Clémentine, Uwingeneye Clémentine, Nyabyenda John na Mukaburindwi Donatille batanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi basaba indishyi zikomoka kuri iyo

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mpanuka. SANLAM AG Plc yaburanye ivuga ko nta ndishyi igomba kuryozwa kuko nta kosa uwari utwaye ikinyabiziga yakoze, ko ariko Urukiko rubibonye ukundi habaho kugabana uburyozwe (partage de reponsabilité). [3] Mu rubanza RC00044/2018/TGI/GIC rwaciwe ku wa 18/07/2019, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe n’abarega gifite ishingiro. Rutegeka SANLAM AG Plc kwishyura abarega indishyi zose hamwe zihwanye na miliyoni zirindwi n’ibihumbi magana atanu na birindwi na magana cyenda (7.507.900Frw). [4] SANLAM AG Plc yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru ivuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi rwashingiye icyemezo cyarwo ku Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga kandi rwaragombaga gushingira ku masezerano y’ubwishingizi. Uburanira Mukademokarasi Clémentine na bagenzi be yireguye avuga ko amasezerano y’ubwishingizi uwajuriye yitwaza ntaho ahuriye n’uru rubanza kuko ari amasezerano ajyanye n’ubwishingire kuri nyir’ikinyabiziga n’abamukomokaho ndetse n’Umushoferi wacyo mu gihe atari nyir’ikinyabiziga ucyitwarira (sécurité routière) akaba ari nayo mpamvu ayo masezerano ashyirwa muri “Conditions particulières”. Akomeza avuga ko indishyi zagenwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa zishingiye kuri responsabilité ya contre-tiers ari nayo mpamvu mu kubara indishyi zavuzwe hagendewe ku Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 du 25/08/2003, bityo ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi nta kosa rwakoze mu kuzibara. [5] Mu rubanza RCA00368/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 30/07/2020, Urukiko rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na SANLAM AG Plc bufite ishingiro, ko amasezerano y’ubwishingizi Nzimulinda Félicien yagiranye na Sahama AG Ltd ubu yahidutse SANLAM AG Plc yaheraga ku wa 29/11/2018 akagera ku wa 28/11/2019, ari yo agomba gushingirwaho mu kubarira abaregwa indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yahitanye Bizimungu Evariste. Rutegeka SANLAM AG Plc guha abaregwa mu bujurire bose hamwe ari bo Mukademokarasi Clémentine, Mukaburindwi Donatille, Nyabyenda John na Uwingeneye Clémentine, miliyoni eshatu n’ibihumbi magana atatu (3.300.000Frw). Rubategeka gusubiza SANLAM AG Plc igarama yishyuye itanga ikirego, ko kandi imikirize y’urubanza RC00044/2018/TGI/GIC rwaciwe ku wa 18/07/2019 iteshwa agaciro mu ngingo zayo zose. [6] Mukademokarasi Clémentine, Uwingeneye Clémentine, Nyabyenda John na Mukaburindwi Donatille basabye ko urubanza RCA00368/2019/HC/KIG rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, nyuma ya raporo yakozwe na Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, mu cyemezo No 182 /CJ/2022, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yemeje ko urwo rubanza rusubirwamo, maze arwohereza mu Bwanditsi bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kugira ngo ruzongere ruburanishwe, ikirego cyandikwa kuri No RS/INJUST/RC 00013/2022/CA. [7] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 08/11/2023, abarega bahagarariwe na Me Matimbano Barton, naho SANLAM AG Plc ihagarariwe na Me Nkeza Sempundu Clément, afatanyije na Me Niyondora Nsengiyumva. [8] Mu myanzuro no mu miburanire byabo, abarega bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiye ku masezerano y’ubwishingizi yo ku wa 28/11/2018 kandi rwaragombaga gushingira ku mategeko agenga uburyo indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka zitangwa, basaba ko indishyi mbangamirabukungu n’indishyi z’akababaro zibarwa hashingiwe ku Iteka rya Perezida N° 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, amafaranga y’ibyakoreshejwe kubera impanuka ndetse n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. SANLAM AG Plc yiregura ivuga ko nta karengane kari mu rubanza RCA00368/2019/HC/KIG kuko mu masezerano y’ubwishingizi yo ku wa 28/11/2018 yabaye hagati ya SANLAM AG Plc na Nzimulinda Félicien, bumvikanye indishyi zigomba gutangwa, bityo ko nta

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kosa Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze ryo gutanga indishyi zishingiye kuri ayo masezerano, kuko batabasha kugaragaza ko Bizimungu Evariste yari rubanda (tiers) kandi yari muri iyo modoka. Bityo ko nta ndishyi zishingiwe ku Iteka rya Perezida zigomba gutangwa. Isaba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. [9] Urukiko, rushingiye kuri izo mpaka, rusanga hakwiye gusuzumwa ibibazo bikurikira : Kumenya niba abarega bari bakwiye guhabwa indishyi hashingiwe ku masezerano y’ubwishingizi yo ku wa 28/11/2018, SORAS A.G Ltd yagiranye na nyir’ikinyabiziga cyangwa ku biteganywa n’amategeko agenga uburyo indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka zitangwa ; Kumenya indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zigomba gutangwa Kumenya indishyi mpozamarira zigomba gutangwa ; Kumenya amafaranga yakoreshejwe kubera impanuka agomba gusubizwa abarega Kumenya niba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa muri uru rubanza afite ishingiro. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA 1. Kumenya niba abarega bari bakwiye guhabwa indishyi hashingiwe ku masezerano y’ubwishingizi yo ku wa 28/11/2018, SORAS A.G Ltd yagiranye na nyir’ikinyabiziga cyangwa ku biteganywa n’amategeko agenga uburyo indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka zitangwa [10] Uhagarariye abarega avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru mu guca urubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, mu gika cya 8 n’icya 9, rwashingiye ku ngingo ya 64 y’Itegeko No 25/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano iteganya ko amasezerano akozwe ku buryo bukurikije amategeko aba itegeko ku bayagiranye, maze rwemeza ko SANLAM AG Plc igomba guha Mukademokarasi Clémentine na bagenzi be indishyi zivugwa mu masezerano y’ubwishingizi yo ku wa 28/11/2018, SORAS AG Ltd yagiranye na nyir’ikinyabiziga, kandi rwaragombaga gushingira ku mategeko agenga uburyo indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka zitangwa, ibyo bakaba babibonamo akarengane kuko habayeho kwirengagiza amategeko ku buryo bugaragarira buri wese. [11] Asobanura ko Urukiko rwirengagije ko Bizimungu Evaritse atarebwaga n’ayo masezerano kuko yari rubanda (tiers) kuko atari mu bavugwa mu ngingo ya 4 y’Itegeko-Teka Nº 32/75 ryo ku wa 7/6/1975 ryerekeye ubwishingizi butegetswe ku buryozwe ku birebana n’ibinyabiziga, iteganya ko abashobora kubuzwa inyungu z’ubwishingizi harimo:1. umushoferi w’ikinyabiziga cyateje igihombo (dommage), uwafashe ubwishingizi; 2.uwashakanye n’abavugwa haruguru ndetse n’ababakomokaho ku buryo butaziguye ariko batuye mu nzu imwe kandi bitabwaho n’abo bamaze kuvugwa; 3.abantu barengerwa n’amategeko yihariye ku kuriha ibyangijwe n’impanuka y’akazi ureste mu gihe abo bantu bagumanye uburyozwandishyi ku wishingiwe. Akaba asanga ntaho Bizimungu Evariste agaragara mu rutonde ruvugwa n’iyi ngingo. Muri make asanga Bizimungu Evariste ari rubanda (tiers), bityo impanuka yakoze ikaba irebwa n’ibiteganywa n’Iteka rya Perezida ryavuzwe haruguru aho kurebwa n’amasezerano, kuko abafitanye isano n’uwafashe ubwishingizi ari bo barebwa n’amasezerano y’ubwishingizi yo ku wa 28/11/2018, SORAS AG Ltd yagiranye na nyir’ikinyabiziga. [12] Avuga kandi ko ibyo avuga bishimangirwa nuko ingingo ya 24 y’Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 ryibukijwe haruguru, iteganya ko abahohotewe cyangwa abafite uburenganzira ku bahohotewe biturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga nta burenganzira bafite ku yandi mafaranga ayo ari yo yose y’indishyi y’umubiri, uretse amafaranga ateganywa n’Iteka rya Perezida, iryo Teka rikaba rishyiraho uburyo Itegeko Nº 41/2001 ryo ku wa 19/09/2001 ryerekeye imyishyurire

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y’abangirijwe n’impanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga bigenzwa na moteri kandi bigendera ku butaka rigomba gukoreshwa. [13] Akomeza avuga ko ibi binashimangirwa n’ihame mu mategeko rivuga ko “Specialia generalibus derogant or lex specialis derogate general”, ko rero ibibazo byose birebana n’imyishyurire y’indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka zatewe n’ibinyabiziga bigenzwa na moteri bigendera ku butaka bisuzumwa kandi bikanakemurwa hashingiwe ku mategeko yihariye. Ko rero Urukiko Rukuru rutagombaga gukoresha itegeko rigenga amasezerano (droit commun) mu gihe hari amatageko y’umwihariko (droits spéciaux) agenga uburyo ibibazo byose birebana n’imyishyurire y’indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka zatewe n’ibinyabiziga bigenzwa na moteri bigendera ku butaka bisuzumwa. Bityo akaba asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kwemeza ko indishyi zikwiye guhabwa abarega zigomba kubarwa hakurikijwe amategeko abigenga. [14] Abahagariye SANLAM AG Plc bavuga ko abarega bavuga ko nyakwigendera Bizimungu Evaritse atarebwa n’amasezerano y’ubwishingizi yo ku wa 28/11/2018 SORAS AG Ltd yagiranye na Nzimulinda Félicien (nyiri ikinyabiziga), ariko ntibagaragaze ikindi bashingiraho uburyozwe bwa SANLAM AG Plc kitari amasezerano y’ubwishingizi yagiranye na Nzimulinda Félicien, ko rero iyo myiregurire ntacyo ishingiyeho kuko nyiri ikinyabiziga yafatiye ubwishingizi abantu bakwangizwa n’impanuka y’ikinyabiziga cye, kugira ngo umwishingizi amwishyurire uburyozwe bushingiye kuri iyo mpanuka. Basobanura ko abarega badahakana ko nyakwigendera yari atwawe muri icyo kinyabiziga (occupant) cyishingiwe na SANLAM AG Plc ari nayo mpamvu bayireze uburyozwe bw’iyo mpanuka nk’abafite uburenganzira ku mugenerwabwishingizi, ko kandi amasezerano uburyozwe bwa SANLAM AG Plc bushingiyeho ateganya ko ku bantu batwawe n’ikinyabiziga cyishingiwe batarenze 5, SANLAM AG Plc yemeye guha umugenerwabwishingizi indishyi mbumbe zihwanye na 3.000.000Frw ku mpanuka yateye urupfu cyangwa ubumuga bwa burundu, bityo ko mu gihe Bizimungu Evariste yakoze impanuka ari muri icyo kinyabiziga, yafatwaga nk’umugenerwabwishingizi (bénéficaire) hashingiwe kuri ayo masezerano y’ubwishingizi. [15] Basobanura kandi ko ingingo ya 3, agace ka 6, y’Itegeko N° 030/2021 ryo ku wa 30/06/2021 rigenga imitunganyirize y’umurimo w’ubwishingizi isobanura amasezerano y’ubwishingizi muri aya magambo : “inyandiko y’ubwumvikane ikigo cy’ubwishingizi kigirana n’umufatabwishingizi cyiyemeza kwishyura mu gihe impamvu y’icyishingiwe yabaye, amafaranga cyangwa mu gihe babyumvikanyeho ingurane, kikishyura umufatabwishingizi cyangwa undi muntu, umufatabwishingizi na we akiyemeza gutanga ikiguzi cy’ubwishingizi inshuro imwe cyangwa nyinshi.” Agace ka 29 k’iyo ngingo gasobanura ko ubwishingizi bw’uburyozwe ari “ubwishingizi bugamije kwishyura ibyangiritse aho ikigo cy’ubwishingizi cyemera kwishingira umufatabwishingizi ku gihombo cyose cyaterwa n’ibyo yangirije undi muntu.”, naho mu gace ka 33 igasobanura ko umugenerwabwishingizi ari “umuntu ufite uburenganzira bwo kwishyurwa hakurikijwe amasezerano y’ubwishingizi.” ko rero hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’iyi ngingo, basanga nta gushidikanya ariya masezerano yararebaga BIZIMUNGU Evariste kuko yari umugenerwabwishingizi muri yo kandi ari we wagombaga guhabwa indishyi iyo adahitanwa n’impanuka, cyangwa zigahabwa abamufiteho uburenganzira nk’uko biri muri uru rubanza. Bityo ko ayo masezerano agirira akamaro umugenerwabwishingizi ari we Bizimungu Evariste (bénéficiaire), kabone n’ubwo atayagizemo uruhare nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 113 y’Itegeko No 45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano. [16] Bavuga kandi ko ibivugwa n’abarega ko Bizimungu Evaritse ari rubanda urebwa n’Iteka rya Perezida N˚31/01 25/08/2003, SANLAM AG PLc isanga iyo mvugo y’abarega ntacyo ishingiyeho kuko nyakwigendera atari umuntu wigenderaga ngo imodoka imusange aho ari imusagarire ku buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose, ahubwo kuba yari ayirimo, adakwiye gufatwa nka rubanda kuri icyo kinyabiziga cyateje impanuka, ari na yo mpamvu Iteka rya Perezida n˚31/01 25/08/2003 atari ryo rigomba gukoreshwa ahubwo indishyi zikwiye gushingira ku masezerano yakozwe hagati y’umwishingizi n’uwishingiwe ariko agomba kugirira akamaro abantu atwaye. Basobanura ko ari nawo murongo

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watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC00002/2021/SC rwaciwe ku wa 31/12/2021 haburana Akarere ka Kirehe na SAHAM ASSURANCE RWANDA Ltd n’abandi, aho mu gika cya 31 rwashingiye ku mvugo z’abahanga rwemeza ko “ku bijyanye n’isesengura ry’amasezerano y’ubwishingizi, abahanga mu mategeko y’ubwishingizi barimo Yvonne Lambert-Faivre na Laurent Leveneur, bavuga ko Urukiko ari rwo rufite inshingano zo gusesengura amasezerano y’ubwishingizi, ko iyo ingingo zayo zisobanutse, zumvikana kandi zitarimo urujijo, zigomba kubahirizwa uko zanditswe kuko kubibona ukundi byaba ari uguhindura ireme ry’ayo masezerano (dénaturation du contrat) bikaba byatuma mu bihugu bifite Inkiko zisesa imanza urwo rubanza ruseswa. Naho Barry Zalma akavuga ko mu gihe Urukiko rurimo gusesengura amasezerano y’ubwishingizi rugomba gushaka icyo abakoranye amasezerano bari bagamije. [17] Bakomeza bavuga ko kuba nyiri ikinyabiziga yarabonaga ko azatwara abantu mu kinyabiziga cye, akabafatira ubwishingizi, ko bidakwiye ko SANLAM AG Plc yaryozwa ibirenze ibyo yo n’umufatabwishingizi bumvikanye mu masezerano, ko kandi bateganyije uko bizagenda kuri abo bantu batanu bazaba bari mu kinyabiziga, ko rero ubwumvikane bwabo ari bwo bugomba gushingirwaho mu gutanga indishyi, aho gushingira ku ngingo ya 24 y’Iteka rya Perezida N˚31/01 25/08/2003, nk’uko abarega babisaba kuko kugeza ubu Bizimungu Evariste atari umuntu witambukiraga maze ngo abe yarasagariwe n’ikinyabiziga ku buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose, ku buryo yafatwa nka rubanda (tiers). [18] Bavuga na none ko ntaho abarega bashingira bavuga ko nyakwigendera yari rubanda (tiers) ku kinyabiziga yakomerekeyemo bikamuviramo urupfu, ko kandi inyandikomvugo ya polisi igaragaza neza ko yari akirimo kandi atwawe nacyo, ko kuba rero amasezerano agaragaza neza ko abazaba batwawe mu kinyabiziga ari bo bagenerwabwishingizi (bénéficiaire), basanga ntaho abarega bahera bavuga ko Bizimungu Evariste atarebwaga n’ayo masezerano. Bityo ko SANLAM AG Plc isanga abarega batabasha kugaragaza aho akarengane gashingiye, haba ku byabaye (les faits), haba no ku mategeko (le droit), bakaba basaba Urukiko kwemeza ko nta karengane kabaye mu rubanza RCA00368/2019/HC/KIG. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [19] Impaka ziri kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba abarega bari bakwiye guhabwa indishyi zishingiye ku masezerano y’ubwishingizi yo ku wa 28/11/2018, SORAS AG Ltd yagiranye na nyir’ikinyabiziga cyangwa izishingiye ku biteganywa n’Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga. [20] Ingingo ya 4 y’Itegeko-Teka Nº 32/75 ryo ku wa 7/6/1975 ryerekeye ubwishingizi butegetswe ku buryozwe ku birebana n’ibinyabiziga iteganya ibikurikira : ‘’Abashobora kubuzwa inyungu z’ubwishingizi harimo : Umushoferi w’ikinyabiziga cyateje igihombo (dommage), uwafashe ubwishingizi ; uwashakanye n’abavugwa haruguru ndetse n’ababakomokaho ku buryo butaziguye ariko batuye munzu imwe kandi bitabwaho n’abo bamaze kuvugwa ; Abantu barengerwa n’amategeko yihariye ku kuriha ibyangijwe n’impanuka”. [21] Ingingo ya 24 y’Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga iteganya ibikurikira : “Abahohotewe cyangwa abafite uburenganzira ku bahohotewe biturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n'ibinyabiziga nta burenganzira bafite ku yandi mafaranga, ayo ari yo yose y'indishyi y'umubiri, uretse amafaranga ateganywa n'iri Teka rya Perezida”.

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[22] Ibivugwa muri izi ngingo byumvikanisha ko Itegeko-Teka Nº 32/75 ryo ku wa 07/06/1975 ryerekeye ubwishingizi butegetswe ku buryozwe ku birebana n’ibinyabiziga riteganya abantu batagengwa naryo, kuko baba batari rubanda (tiers) ; bivuze ko bene abo bantu nk’uko bagaragajwe mu ngingo ya 4 y’iryo Tegeko-Teka, ubwishingizi bwabo buba bushingiye ku masezerano ari hagati ya nyir’ikinyabiziga wafashe ubwishingizi na sosiyete y’ubwishingizi. Mu yandi magambo, ku muntu utavugwa mu ngingo ya 4 y’Itegeko-Teka ryibukijwe haruguru, indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yo muhanda yatewe n’ikinyabiziga zibarwa hashingiwe ku bitegabywa n’Iteka rya Perezida no 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, aho gushingira ku masezerano y’ubwishingizi yihariye yakozwe hagati ya nyir’ikinyabiziga na sosiyete y’ubwishingizi. [23] Ku birebana n’uru rubanza, dosiye igaragaramo amasezerano y’ubwishingizi yihariye yiswe : “Automobile, Conditions particulières” yabaye hagati ya SAHAM Assurance na Nzimulinda Félicien. Ayo masezerano yari afite agaciro guhera saa sita z’ijoro (00 :00) zo ku wa 29/11/2018 kugeza saa tanu n’iminota mirongo itanu n’icyenda (23 :59) zo ku wa 28/11/2019. Agaragaza kandi ko imodoka ifite imyanya itanu (5), ko kandi uburyozwe mu gihe utwawe n’icyo kinyabiziga agize impanuka agapfa, sosiyete y’ubwishingizi izishyura miliyoni eshatu (3.000.000Frw) ku wakoze impanuka ikamutera ubumuga buhoraho cyangwa abamufiteho uburenganzira (ayant droits) igihe iyo mpanuka yavuyemo urupfu. [24] Imikirize y’urubanza RCA00368/2019/HC/KIG rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane igaragaza ko Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiye ku ngingo ya 64 y’Itegeko No 25/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano, maze rugenera Mukademokarasi Clémentine amafaranga miliyoni eshatu (3.000.000Frw) y’indishyi z’uko umugabo we yapfuye azize impanuka yo mu muhanda nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru n’amafaranga ibihumbi magana atatu (300.000Frw) yishyuwe kwa muganga rushingiye ku masezerano y’ubwishingizi yihariye amaze kuvugwa haruguru ateganya ko mu gihe habaye impanuka igahitana abari batwawe mu modoka yafatiwe ubwishingizi, SANLAM AG Plc nk’umwishingizi w’icyo kinyabiziga, izishyura buri wese indishyi zavuzwe haruguru. [25] Mu gika cya 10 cy’urubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, urwo Rukiko rwanasobanuye ko kuba uburanira abaregwa mu bujurire avuga ko uwahohotewe n’impanuka agomba gufatwa nk’undi muntu wigenderaga “tiers’’ ngo kuko abavugwa mu masezerano y’ubwishingizi ari abo mu muryango w’uwafashe ubwishingizi bw’ikinyabiziga, atagaragaza icyo ashingiraho izo mvugo, mu gihe mu masezerano y’ubwishingizi bigaragara nta gushidikanya ko indishyi zitangwa gusa ku baba batwawe n’ikinyabiziga cyafatiwe ubwishingizi bivugwa mu rurimi rw’igifaranga nka “personnes transportées”; maze bituma rufata Bizimungu Evariste, nk’umwe mu barebwa n’amasezerano y’ubwishingizi yihariye SANLAM AG Plc yagiranye na Nzimulinda Félicien, nyir’ikinyabiziga. [26] Nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, ingingo ya 4 y’Itegeko-Teka Nº 32/75 ryo ku wa 07/06/1975 ryavuzwe hejuru iteganya abatarebwa n’iryo Tegeko-Teka rigena ubwishingire butegetswe ku buryozwe butewe n’ibigenzwa ku butaka bifite moteri ; bivuze ko abo batarebwa n’Itegeko-Teka ari bo barebwa n’ubwishingizi bwihariye buri mu masezerano nyir’ikinyabiziga agirana na sosiyete y’ubwishingizi. Urukiko rurasanga Bizimungu Evariste atari umushoferi w’icyo kinyabiziga ubwo yakoraga impanuka yamuhitanye, nta nubwo yari uwashakanye n’uwafashe ubwishingizi cyangwa ngo abe yari afitanye isano na we, nta nubwo yari mu rwego rw’abantu barindwa n’amategeko ari ukwayo mu byerekeye indishyi zitewe n’ibyago by’akazi. [27] Urukiko rurasanga kuba mu icibwa ry’urubanza RCA00368/2019/HC/KIG, Urukiko Rukuru rwarageneye Mukademokarasi Clémentine indishyi zingana na 3.000.000Frw z’uko umugabo we yapfuye azize impanuka yatewe n’ikinyabiziga na 300.000Frw yishyuwe kwa muganga hashingiwe ku masezerano y’ubwishingizi yihariye yiswe “Assurance Automobile, Conditions particulières”,

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SANLAM AG Plc yagiranye na nyir’ikinyabiziga, bigaragara ko rwirengagije ko Bizimungu Evaritse atarebwaga n’ayo masezerano kuko atari mu bavugwa mu ngingo ya 4 y’Itegeko- Teka Nº 32/75 ryo ku wa 07/06/1975 ryavuzwe haruguru, akaba rero yari rubanda “tiers” wazize impanuka y’imodoka nk’uko bigaragazwa n’inyandikomvugo y’impanuka iri muri dosiye; kandi ibibazo byose birebana n’imyishyurire y’indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka zatewe n’ibinyabiziga bigenzwa na moteri bigendera ku butaka bisuzumwa bikanakemurwa hashingiwe ku mategeko yihariye ari yo Itegeko Nº 41/2001 ryo ku wa 19/09/2001 ryerekeye imyishyurire y’abangirijwe n’impanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga bigenzwa na moteri kandi bigendera ku butaka n’Iteka rya Perezida Nº 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 ryavuzwe haruguru. [28] Ku bivugwa n’abahagariye SANLAM AG Plc ko abarega bavuga ko yo ku wa 28/11/2018, SORAS AG Ltd yagiranye na Nzimulinda Félicien (nyir’ikinyabiziga), ariko ntibagaragaze ikindi bashingiraho uburyozwe bwa SANLAM AG Plc kitari amasezerano y’ubwishingizi yagiranye na Nzimulinda Félicien, Urukiko rurasanga nta shingiro bifite, kuko nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, uburyozwe bwa SANLAM AG Plc bushingiye ku biteganywa n’Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 n’Itegeko-Teka Nº 32/75 ryo ku wa 07/06/1975 rirebana n’ubwishingire butegetswe ku buryozwe butewe n’ibigenzwa ku butaka bifite moteri. Urukiko rurasanga na none ibyo abarega bavuga ko nyir’ikinyabiziga yafatiye ubwishingizi abantu bakwangizwa n’impanuka y’ikinyabiziga cye, kugira ngo umwishingizi amwishyurire uburyozwe bushingiye kuri iyo mpanuka, ari byo, ariko birengangiza ko bene ubwo bwishingizi bufatirwa abatarebwa n’Itegeko-Teka bavugwa mu ngingo ya 4 yaryo. [29] Urukiko rurasanga ingingo ya 3, agace ka 6, aka 29 n’aka 33, y’Itegeko N° 030/2021 ryo ku wa 30/06/2021 rigenga imitunganyirize y’umurimo w’ubwishingizi ababuranira SANLAM AG Plc bakoresha biregura, ntacyo yabamarira kuko utwo duce tw’iyi ngingo nta kindi tugaragaza usibye ubusobanuro bw’amagambo, butavanaho ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 4 y’Itegeko-Teka ryibukijwe haruguru. [30] Urukiko rurasanga ibyo abahagarariye SANLAM AG Plc bavuga ko hashingirwa ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC00002/2021/SC rwaciwe ku wa 31/12/2021, haburana Akarere ka Kirehe na SAHAM ASSURANCE RWANDA Ltd n’abandi, nta shingiro bifite, kuko igika cya 31 cy’urwo rubanza bavuga, kivuga ibyo gusesengura amasezerano, nyamara muri uru rubanza akaba ari nta kibazo cyo gusesengura amasezerano kigibwaho impaka, ahubwo ikigibwaho impaka ni ukumenya niba mu kubara indishyi hakurikizwa ibiteganywa n’amasezerano y’ubwishingizi yihariye cyangwa niba hakurikizwa ibiteganywa n’Iteka rya Perezida ryavuzwe haruguru. Ikindi kandi ibyabaye (faits) muri urwo rubanza rw’Akarere ka Kirehe na SANLAM AG Plc, aho imodoka yahitanye Sinzabakwira Prosper yari yafashwe n'Akarere ka Kirehe, ipakiye abantu barenga umubare w’abo yishingiye, ndetse itwawe n’umuntu udafite uruhushya rwo kuyitwara kuko yari afite urwagenewe gutwara Moto, bitandukanye n’ibiri muri uru rubanza, kuko muri uru rubanza nta kibazo cyo kurenza umubare w’abishingiwe n’icyo kuba imodoka yari itwawe n’umuntu udafite uruhushya rwo kuyitwara birimo; bivuze rero ko urwo rubanza rutashingirwaho kuko ibyabaye atari bimwe. [31] Hashingiwe ku bisonanuro bimaze gutangwa, Urukiko rurasanga, mu kugena indishyi, Urukiko Rukuru rutaragombaga gushingira ku masezerano yabaye hagati ya SANLAM AG Ltd na Nzimulinda Felicien, ahubwo rwaragombaga gushingira ku Iteka rya Perezida Nº 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 ryavuzwe haruguru; bityo urubanza RCA00368/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 30/07/2020, rurimo akarengane kagiriwe abarega, indishyi zikaba zigomba kubarwa hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’Iteka rya Perezida Nº 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 ryavuzwe haruguru. 1.Kumenya indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zigomba gutangwa

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[32] Uhagarariye abarega avuga ko basaba ko indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zibarwa hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 22 y’Iteka rya Perezida N°31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga iteganya uburyo indishyi zibarwamo, bityo akaba asanga izi ndishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zikwiye kubarwa mu buryo bukurikira : 3.000x30x12x10x2/3 = 4.000.000 Frw 1+(8%x10) [33] Abahagarariye SANLAM AG Plc bavuga ko indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zingana na 4.000.000Frw abarega basaba ntacyo zishingiyeho, kuko nk’uko babisobanuye mu ngingo ibanziriza iyi, Bizimungu Evariste atari umuntu wigenderaga ngo asagarirwe n’ikinyabiziga ku buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose, ahubwo kuba yari akirimo, adakwiye gufatwa nka rubanda, ari nayo mpamvu Iteka rya Perezida N˚31/01 25/08/2003 atari ryo rigomba gukoreshwa ahubwo indishyi zikwiye gushingira ku masezerano yavuzwe haruguru yakozwe n’umwishingizi n’uwishingiwe ariko agomba kugirira akamaro abantu atwaye. Ko rero nta zindi ndishyi zishingiye ku Iteka rya Perezida N˚ 31/01 25/08/2003 abarega bagomba guhabwa, ahubwo 3.000.000Frw bagenewe n’Urukiko Rukuru ari yo akurikije amategeko, kuko ari yo yumvikanyweho mu masezerano. Bityo ko kuri iyi ngingo nayo nta karengane abarega bagiriwe mu rubanza RCA00368/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 30/07/2020. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [34] Ingingo ya 22, igika cya 1, y’Itegeka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga iteganya ibikurikira : “Ibangamirabukungu rikorewe abafite uburenganzira bitewe n'urupfu rw'umuntu ritangirwa indishyi hakurikijwe umusaruro uva ku murimo umuntu atahana nk'uko ugenwa n'ingingo ya 4 y'Itegeko N°41/2001 ryo ku wa 19/09/2001 ryerekeye itangwa ry'indishyi ku bahohotewe biturutse ku mpanuka zo ku mubiri zitewe n'ibinyabiziga. Abafite uburenganzira ku buryo byumvikana ko bari batunzwe n'uwahohotewe ni bo bonyine bashobora guhabwa indishyi”. Mu gika cya kane iteganya ibikurikira : “Iyo uwahohotewe yakoraga umwuga wigenga, igenwa ry'umusaruro rikorwa hakurikijwe ingingo ya 4 y'Itegeko No 41/2001 ryo ku wa 19/09/2001 ryerekeye itangwa ry'indishyi ku bahohotewe biturutse ku mpanuka zo ku mubiri zitewe n'ibinyabiziga. Indishyi izatangwa nk'uko bikorwa mu gutanga amafaranga (capital) hakurikijwe uburyo bukurikira : Umusaruro w'umwaka umuntu atahana w'uwahohotewe x umubare w'imyaka asigaje kubaho akora x 2/3 kugabanya 1 + (igipimo cy'ibitsa x umubare w'imyaka yo kwibeshaho).” [35] Ku birebana n’uru rubanza abarega ntibabasha kugaragaza umusaruro nyakuri ukomoka ku murimo Bizimungu Evariste yakoraga ari yo mpamvu Urukiko rusanga umusaruro we w’umwaka ugomba kubarwa hashingiwe ku mushahara muto ntarengwa wemewe n’amategeko (SMIG) ungana n’amafaranga ibihumbi bitatu (3.000Frw) ku munsi nk’uko wemejwe mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, nko mu rubanza RCAA0049/14/CS rwaciwe ku wa 25/11/2016, haburana SORAS AG Ltd n’ Umuhoza Pacifique n’abandi1. Bityo umusaruro w’umwaka wa Bizimungu Evariste ungana n’umushara muto wemewe n’amategeko uhwanye na 3,000Frw ukubye iminsi 30 y’ukwezi ukubye amezi 12 (3,000X30X12). [36] Urukiko rurasanga Bizimungu Evariste yarasigaje imyaka icumi yo gukora kuko yavutse mu mwaka 1964, agapfa ku wa 24/01/2019, akaba yarapfuye afite imyaka mirongo itanu (50). Rurasanga kandi izi ndishyi zigomba kubarirwa ku gipimo cy’ibitsa gihwanye na 9.46 % nk’uko kigaragara ku rubaga rwa Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda (BNR) www.bnr.rw/browse-in/financial-market/money-market- interest- rates/monthly-interest-rates2.

1 Reba igika cya 28. 2 Birebwe ku wa 21/11/2023

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[37] Urukiko rushingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 22 y’Iteka rya Perezida N°31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 yibukijwe haruguru rurasanga indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zigomba guhabwa Mukademokarasi Clémentine n’umwana we Uwingeneye Clémentine bari batunzwe na nyakwigenda BIZIMUNGU Evariste zigomba kubarwa mu buryo bukurikira : 3.000x30x12x10x2/3= 3.699.896 Frw. 1+ (9.46%x10) Kuri bombi hamwe, akaba angana na miliyoni eshatu n’ibihumbi magana atandatu na mirongo icyenda n’icyenda na magana inani na mirongo icyenda n’atandatu (3.699.896Frw). [38] Ku byo abahagarariye SANLAM AG Plc bavuga ko nta zindi ndishyi zishingiye ku Iteka rya Perezida N˚31/01 25/08/2003 abarega bagomba guhabwa, ko ahubwo 3.000.000 Frw bagenewe n’Urukiko Rukuru ari yo akurikije amategeko, kuko ari yo yumvikanyweho mu masezerano y’ubwishingizi yo ku wa 28/11/2018, SORAS AG Ltd yahindutse SANLAM AG Plc yagiranye na nyir’ikinyabiziga cyateje impanuka, Urukiko rurasanga nta shingiro bifite, kuko nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru, Bizimungu Evariste waguye muri iyo mpanuka yari rubanda (tiers), akaba ataragombaga guhabwa indishyi ziteganywa muri ayo masezerano, ahubwo yaragombaga guhabwa izishingiye ku Iteka rya Perezida N˚31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 ryavuzwe haruguru. 2.Kumenya indishyi mpozamarira zigomba gutangwa [39] Uhagarariye abarega avuga ko indishyi z’impozamarira basaba zabarwa hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 23 y’Iteka rya Perezida n°31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga iteganya uburyo indishyi zibarwamo, bityo bakaba basaba ko izi ndishyi zabarwa mu buryo bukurikira : Uwo bashakanye, Mukademokarasi Clémentine : 1x3.000x30x12= 1.080.000Frw; Umwana wa nyakwigendera, Uwingeneye Clémentine : 0.75x 3.000x30x12= 810.000 Frw Abavandimwe ba nyakwigendera : 1. Nyabyenda John: 0.5x3.000x30x12= 540.000 Frw, 2. Mukaburindwi Donatille : 0.5x3.000x30x12= 540.000 Frw [40] Uhagarariye SANLAM AG Plc avuga ko indishyi z’akababaro abarega basaba nta shingiro zifite kuko zidateganyijwe mu masezerano y’ubwishingizi yo ku wa 28/11/2018 kandi ari yo areba nyakwigendera Bizimungu Evaritse. Asobanura ko kuri iyi ngingo, buri wese mu barega asaba guhabwa indishyi z’ibangamiramuco hakurikijwe isano afitanye na nyakwigendera nk’uko ziteganywa n’ingingo ya 19 y’Iteka rya Perezida N˚ 31/01 25/08/2003, nyamara ntacyo zishingiyeho, kuko SANLAM AG Plc yasobanuye neza ko nyakwigendera Bizimungu Evariste nyir’ikinyabiziga yari yaramufatiye ubwishingizi bushingiye ku masezerano yanditse, ayo masezerano akaba ari yo agomba kubahirizwa, akaba ari ntacyo abamufiteho uburenganzira bashingiraho basaba indishyi zishingiye ku Iteka rya Perezida N˚31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [41] Ingingo ya 23 y’Itegeka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 ryavuzwe haruguru iteganya ko Amafaranga atangirwa ku ibangamira ry’umubano igihe Umuntu apfuye, agomba guhabwa gusa abantu bavugwa hepfo kandi hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’iri Teka : Uwo bashakanye : 1 x umushahara w’umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n’amategeko ; Ababyeyi n’abana b’isezerano cyangwa bemewe n’amategeko : 0.75 x umushahara w’umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n’amategeko

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Abavandimwe babo : 0.5 x umushahara w’umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n’amategeko. [42] Ku birebana n’uru rubanza Urukiko rurasanga umushaha w’umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n’amategeko ugomba gushingirwaho mu kubara izi ndishyi ari uwemejwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RCAA 0049/14/CS rwaciwe ku wa 25/11/2016, rwibukijwe haruguru, uhwanye n’amafaranga ibihumbi bitatu (3.000Frw) ku munsi. Bityo hashingiwe ku bivugwa mu ngingo ya 23 yavuzwe haruguru, abarega bagomba kugenerwa indishyi zibazwe mu buryo bukurikira : Mukademokarasi Clémentine, uwashakanye na nyakwigendera : 1x3.000x30x12= 1.080.000Frw (amafaranga miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi mirongo inani); Uwingeneye Clémentine, umwana wa nyakwigendera : 0.75x 3.000x30x12= 810.000Frw (amafaranga ibihumbi magana inani na cumi); Nyabyenda John, umuvandimwe wa nyakwigendera : 0.5x3.000x30x12= 540.000Frw (amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu na mirongo ine); Mukaburindwi Donatille, umuvandimwe wa nyakwigendera : 0.5x3.000x30x12= 540.000Frw (amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu na mirongo ine). 3.Kumenya amafaranga yakoreshejwe kubera impanuka agomba gusubizwa abarega [43] Uhagarariye abarega avuga ko amafaranga y’ibyakoreshejwe kubera iyo mpanuka abazwe ku buryo bukurikira : isanduku (cercueil) = 120.000Frw, Autopsie médicale = 36.750Frw, imodoka yatwaye umurambo = 80.000Frw, amafaranga yo gushyingura no kwera = 200.000Frw, P.V d’Accident = 8.900Frw, attestations : 2.200 Frw x 6 = 13.200Frw ; yose hamwe akaba amafaranga ibihumbi magana ane na mirongo itanu n’umunani magana inane na mirongo itanu (458.850Frw). [44] Abahagarariye SANLAM AG Plc bavuga ko hashingiwe ku bisobanuro batanze ku ngingo ya mbere n’iya kabiri basanga amafaranga yo kwivuza yagenwe mu rubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, ni ukuvuga 300.000Frw ari yo yari akwiye gutangwa kuko ari yo yari ateganyijwe mu masezerano yavuzwe haruguru. Asobanura ko no kuri iyi ngingo, SANLAM AG Plc isanga abarega batabasha kugaragaza aho akarengane gashingiye, bityo ko kuri iyi ngingo basaba Urukiko kwemeza ko nta karengane kabaye mu rubanza RCA00368/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 30/07/2020. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [45] Ingingo ya 23 y’Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 ryavuzwe haruguru iteganya ibikurikira : “Amafaranga atangwa ku wapfuye hamwe n'ayo gushyirwa mu bitaro yakoreshejwe mbere y'urupfù ndetse hamwe, igihe bibaye ngombwa, n'amafaranga yo gutwara umurambo, yose azishyurwa habanje kwerekanwa ibimenyetso bihamye, hakurikijwe uko biteye mu buryo bwumvikana. Ayo mafaranga azishyurwa abazaba bayatanze, mu rugero rutarenze inshuro cumi umushahara muto ntarengwa wemewe n'amategeko”. [46] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga y’ibyakoreshejwe kubera impanuka asabwa n’abarega afite ishingiro, bakaba bagomba guhabwa ayo bagaragarije ibimenyetso abazwe mu buryo bukurikira : Isanduku (cercueil) = 120.000Frw, Autopsie médicale = 36.750Frw, imodoka yatwaye umurambo = 80.000 Frw, inyandikomvugo y’impanuka (p.v d’accident) = 8.900Frw, attestations : 2.200 Frw x 6 = 13.200Frw ; yose hamwe akaba amafaranga ibihumbi magana abiri na mirongo itanu n’umunani magana inani na mirongo itanu (258.850Frw). Naho amafaranga yo gushyingura no kwera ahwanye n’ibihumbi magana abiri (200.000Frw) abarega basaba ntayo bagomba guhabwa, kuko ntaho ateganywa mu Iteka rya Perezida N˚31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 ryavuzwe haruguru. Byongeye kandi

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nta nubwo yigeze atangwa mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi kandi abarega ntibigeze bayajuririra mu rubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, bivuze ko nabo bemeraga ko nta shingiro afite. 4.Kumenya niba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa muri uru rubanza afite ishingiro [47] Uhagarariye abarega avuga ko basaba Urukiko gutegeka SANLAM AG Plc kwishyura abarega amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza na miliyoni ebyiri (2.000.000Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka. [48] Uhagarariye SANLAM AG Plc avuga ko nta faranga na rimwe abarega bakwiye kugenerwa kuko bishoye mu rubanza babona neza ko hari amasezerano y’ubwishingizi yo ku wa 28/11/2018 kandi ari yo areba nyakwigendera Bizimungu Evaritse. Bityo ko ko amafaranga basaba kuri uru rwego nta shingiro afite. [49] Avuga kandi ko SANLAM AG Plc ishingiye ku ngingo ya 111 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi isaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka abaregwa kuyishyura bafatanyije igihembo cya Avoka gihwanye na miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi magana atanu (1.500.000Frw) harimo n’ayikurikiranarubanza. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [50] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ibi bikurikira : “Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe”. [51] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza abarega basaba bagomba kuyahabwa kubera ko byagaragaye ko hari akarengane kari mu rubanza rwasabiwe gusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, kandi bikaba bigaragara ko byabaye ngombwa ko bashaka Avoka ubunganira kuva mu nkiko zabanje kugeza kuri uru rwego. Urukiko rurasanga ariko ayo basaba ari menshi kandi nta n’ibisobanuro bayatangira, bityo mu bushishozi bwarwo rukaba rubageneye bose hamwe miliyoni imwe (1.000.000Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka wababuraniye n’ibihumbi magana abiri (200.000Frw) yo gukurikirana urubanza, ku nzego zose. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [52] Rwemeje ko ikirego cya Mukademokarasi Clémentine, Uwingeneye Clémentine, Nyabyenda John na Mukaburindwi Donatille gisaba gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza RCA00368/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 30/07/2020, gifite ishingiro. [53] Rutegetse SANLAM AG Plc kwishyura Mukademokarasi Clémentine n’ umwana we Uwingeneye Clémentine, bose hamwe, amafaranga miliyoni eshatu n’ibihumbi magana atandatu na mirongo icyenda n’icyenda na magana inani na mirongo icyenda n’atandatu (3.699.896Frw) y’indishyi mbangamirabukungu. [54] Rutegetse SANLAM AG Plc kwishyura :

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Mukademokarasi Clémentine amafaranga miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi mirongo inani (1.080.000 Frw) y’indishyi mpozamarira ; Uwingeneye Clémentine amafaranga ibihumbi magana inani na cumi (810.000Frw) y’indishyi mpozamarira ; Nyabyenda John amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu na mirongo ine (540.000Frw) y’indishyi mpozamarira ; Mukaburindwi Donatille amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu na mirongo ine (540.000Frw) y’indishyi mpozamarira. [55] Rutegetse SANLAM AG Plc kwishyura Mukademokarasi Clémentine, Uwingeneye Clémentine, Nyabyenda John na Mukaburindwi, bose hamwe, amafaranga ibihumbi magana abiri na mirongo itanu n’umunani magana inani na mirongo itanu (258.850Frw) y’ibyakoreshejwe kubera iyo impanuka nk’uko yagaragajwe haruguru. [56] Rutegetse SANLAM AG Plc guha Mukademokarasi Clémentine, Uwingeneye Clémentine, Nyabyenda John na Mukaburindwi Donatille, bose hamwe, amafaranga miliyoni imwe (1.000.000Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka n’amafaranga ibihumbi magana abiri (200.000Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza, ku nzego zose. Naho ayo SANLAM AG Plc isaba ntayo ikwiye guhabwa kuko ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane cyatanzwe na Mukademokarasi Clémentine n’abandi gifite ishingiro.