UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MUKAMABANO

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MUKAMABANO

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2022-05-26 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00781/2021/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MUKAMABANO [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00781/2021/CA (Umugwaneza, P.J.) 26 Gicurasi 2022] Amategeko nshinjabyaha – Igabanyagihano – Kuba icyaha uregwa yakoze cyari cyaramaze kugira ingaruka ndetse zari zigikomeza, ntiyakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye Mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, ubushinjacyaha bukurikiranye uregwa ku cyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, buvuga ko yafatanywe udupfunyika mirongo itandatu na dutanu (65) tw’urumogi afashwe n’abapolisi bashinzwe kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge. Uregwa yaburanye yemera icyaha aregwa, avuga ko yacuruje urumogi kugira ngo abashe kubaho kuko nta bundi buryo yari afite bwo kubaho. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw) Uregwa yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru asaba kugabanyirizwa no gusubikirwa ibihano yahawe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye, kuko yireze akemera icyaha akagisabira imbabazi, akanazisaba umuryango nyarwanda yahemukiye, kandi akaba ari umupfakazi yarasize abana bonyine mu rugo, ndetse akaba ageze mu zabukuru afite imyaka mirongo irindwi n’ibiri (72) y’amavuko. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza nuko rwemeza ko ubujurire bw’uregwa budafite ishingiro, rugumishaho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. Uregwa yarongeye ajuririra Urukiko Rw’Ubujurire asaba kugabanyirizwa no gusubikirwa ibihano kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha, ngo icyaha yakoze kikaba nta ngaruka zikomeye cyateje kandi akaba ageze mu zabukuru afite imyaka mirongo irindwi n’ibiri (72). Ubushinjacyaha bwo bwaburanye buvuga ko ibyo uregwa asaba yamaze kubibona kuko yagabanyirijwe igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu ahabwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25), ari nacyo gihano gito giteganyijwe igihe hagaragaye impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. Ubushinjacyaha bukomeza buvuga ko kuba yarakoze icyaha ari mu zabukuru bikaba bitamukuraho uburyozwacyaha, naho ku bijyanye n’isubikagihano buvuga ko kuba uregwa yarahanishijwe igifungo kirenze imyaka itanu (5), isubikagihano ritashoboka, ikindi kandi akaba atari itegeko ku Mucamanza gutanga isubikagihano. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Kuba icyaha uregwa yakoze cyari cyaramaze kugira ingaruka ndetse zari zigikomeza, ntiyakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yakoreshejwe: Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019, Ingingo ya 11 ihindura ingingo ya 263 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange.

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Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 49 n’iya 64. Nta manza zifashishijwe. Urubanza [1] Mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Mukamabano Marie bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, buvuga ko ku wa 15/01/2020 saa sita z’amanywa (12h:00) yafatanywe udupfunyika mirongo itandatu na dutanu (65) tw’urumogi afashwe n’abapolisi bashinzwe kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge bahawe amakuru na Bizimana Aristide wari umaze kugurayo urumogi rungana n’agapfunyika kamwe ku mafaranga magana atanu (500 Frw). Mukamabano Marie yaburanye yemera icyaha aregwa, avuga ko yacuruje urumogi kugira ngo abashe kubaho kuko nta bundi buryo yari afite bwo kubaho. [2] Mu rubanza RP 00112/2020/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 25/02/2020, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwemeje ko Mukamabano Marie ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw), rutegeka ko urumogi rwafatiriwe rungana n’udupfunyika mirongo itandatu na dutanu (65) runyagwa rugatwikwa. [3] Mukamabano Marie yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru asaba kugabanyirizwa no gusubikirwa ibihano yahawe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye, kuko yireze akemera icyaha akagisabira imbabazi, akanazisaba umuryango nyarwanda yahemukiye, kandi akaba ari umupfakazi yarasize abana bonyine mu rugo, ndetse akaba ageze mu zabukuru afite imyaka mirongo irindwi n’ibiri (72) y’amavuko. [4] Mu rubanza RPA 00379/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 11/11/2021, Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Mukamabano Marie nta shingiro bufite, rwemeza ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw) kigumyeho. [5] Mukamabano Marie yajuriye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, asaba kugabanyirizwa no gusubikirwa ibihano kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha, icyaha yakoze kikaba nta ngaruka zikomeye cyateje kandi akaba ageze mu zabukuru afite imyaka mirongo irindwi n’ibiri (72). [6] Urubanza rwabunishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 06/05/2022, Mukamabano Marie yunganiwe na Me Bizimungu Jean Marie Vianney naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Ntawangundi Béatrice, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’igihugu. II. IBIBAZO BIRI MU RUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYABYO: Kumenya niba Mukamabano Marie akwiye kongera kugabanyirizwa ndetse akaba yanasubikirwa ibihano.

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 Imiburanire ya MUKAMABANO Marie [7] Mukamabano Marie n’umwunganizi we bavuga ko haba ku rwego rwa mbere, haba mu Rukiko Rukuru yaburanye yemera icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi, asobanura ko yabitewe n’uko yasigaye wenyine ari inshike nta bushobozi afite kandi arera abana benshi b’imfubyi, abuze ubufasha yishora mu gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, ariko ko Urukiko Rukuru rutamugabanyirije ibihano rushingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha, runirengagiza kumuha isubikagihano kandi ageze mu za bukuru afite imyaka mirongo irindwi n’ibiri (72), akaba yarajuriye atakamba asaba imbabazi, kugabanyirizwa ndetse no gusubikirwa ibihano hashingiwe ku kuba yemera icyaha akagisabira imbabazi agasobanura uburyo yagikoze, akaba afite n'uburwayi bw'umutima wamufatiye muri Gereza aho afungiwe, kandi akaba yaramaze kwicuza no kwihana kuko yasobanukiwe ububi bw'icyaha akaba atazongera kugikora ukundi.  Imiburanire y’Ubushinjacyaha [8] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire za Mukamabano Marie iyo gusaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha agasaba imbabazi n’iyo gusaba gusubikirwa ibihano zose nta shingiro zifite. Ku bijyanye no kugabanyirizwa ibihano, Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Mukamabano Marie asaba ibyo yamaze kubona kuko yagabanyirijwe igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu ahabwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25), ari nacyo gihano gito giteganyijwe igihe hagaragaye impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, naho ku bijyanye n’isubikagihano bukavuga ko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 64 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange1 bitashoboka kuko Mukamabano Marie yahanishijwe igifungo kirenze imyaka itanu (5), ikindi kandi akaba atari itegeko ku Mucamanza gutanga isubikagihano, ahubwo areba niba hari ibisobanuro bifatika uregwa yatanze arisaba, byongeye kuba yarakoze icyaha ari mu zabukuru bikaba bitamukuraho uburyozwacyaha, kuko ibyo yagombaga kubitekereza mbere yo gukora icyaha, ikindi icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi kikaba kigira ingaruka ku rubyiruko ndetse kigahungabanya n’umutekano, busaba ko ubujurire bwe butahabwa ishingiro hakagumaho ibihano yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [9] Ubujurire bwa Mukamabano Marie bugamije gusaba ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku cyaha yahamijwe cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi cyagabanywa kubera ko atagabanyirijwe bihagije, ndetse kikanasubikwa kuko ageze mu zabukuru kandi akaba afite uburwayi bw’umutima bwamufatiye muri Gereza aho afungiwe. Kubijyanye no kugabanyirizwa ibihano mu buryo bukwiye bisabwa na Mukamabano Marie [10] Ingingo ya 11 y’Itegeko n° 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, yahinduye ingingo ya 263 iteganya ko « (...) Umuntu wese ukora, uhinga, uhindura, utunda, ubika, uha undi, ugurisha mu 1 Iteganya ko “Iyo hari impamvu zigabanya ububi bw’icyaha, ibihano bishobora kugabanywa ku buryo bukurikira: 1º haseguriwe ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 107 igihano cyo gufungwa burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25); (…..).

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gihugu ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko ahanishwa: 1 º igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda atari munsi ya miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw) ariko atarenze miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 Frw), ku byerekeye ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye; (…)». [11] Iyi ngingo yumvikanisha ko umuntu wese utunda cyangwa ucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi biri mu cyiciro cy’ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye2, ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda atari munsi ya miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw), ariko atarenze miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 Frw). [12] Ku bijyanye n’itangwa ry’ibihano, ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko “Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw'icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo’’. [13] Imikirize y’urubanza RP 00112/2020/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 25/02/2020, igaragaza ko ku rwego rwa mbere Mukamabano Marie yaraburanye yemera icyaha, asobanura uko yagikoze, asaba imbabazi, asaba kugabanyirizwa no gusubikirwa ibihano, maze Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rushingiye ku kuba ari ubwa mbere yari akoze icyaha, rumugabanyiriza igihano rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw), ku bijyanye n’isubikagihano, Urukiko ruvuga ko atasubikirwa igihano kuko yahanishijwe igifungo kirenze imyaka itanu (5). [14] Nk’uko bigaragara mu rubanza RPA 0379/2020/HC/KIG rwajuririwe, Mukamabano Marie yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano no gusubikirwa, maze ku bijyanye no kugabanyirizwa ibihano, mu gika cya 11 cy’urwo rubanza, Urukiko rwemeza ko yagabanyirijwe igihano ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabirin’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw), ko atakongera kugabanyirizwa kuko yagabanyirijwe mu buryo bw’ubahirije amategeko ahanishwa igihano gito giteganyijwe ku cyaha yakoze, naho ku bijyanye n’isubikagihano rusobanura ko ataryemererwa kuko yahanishijwe igihano cy’igifungo kirenze imyaka itanu (5). [15] Urukiko rw’ubujurire rurasanga Mukamabano Marie yaraburanye yemera icyaha kuva agifatwa no mu nkiko zose yaburanyemo ndetse no kugeza muri uru, rurasanga Urukiko rw’isumbuye rwarasanze hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha rukamugabanyiriza igihano rukamuhanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) aho kumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu giteganirijwe icyaha nk’iki, Urukiko Rukuru narwo rukazisuzuma rugasanga rwemeranya n’igihano Urukiko rw’isumbuye rwamuhaye kandi rwatanze rushingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha rwabonye nkuko bimaze gusobanurwa. Ibyo Mukamabano Marie avuga rero ko Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagije impamvu nyoroshyacyaha yarweretse akaba ataribyo nkuko bimaze gusobanurwa 2 Reba umugereka wa I w’Iteka rya Minisitiri nº 001/MoH/2019 ryo ku wa 04/03/2019 rigena urutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge n’ibyiciro byayo.

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[16] Ibyo aburanisha by’uko yagabanyirizwa igihano kuko ari mu zabukuru afite imyaka mirongo irindwi n’ibiri (72), uru Rukiko rusanga bitamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha kuko ahubwo ikigero yarimo akora icyaka cyari gikwiye gutuma amenya neza ko icyaha arimo akora cyo kugurisha urumogi gifite ingaruka zikomeye kubuzima bw’abo arugurisha, ubwabo bwite ndetse n’igihugu muri rusange. Rurasanga kandi icyaha yakoze cyari cyaramaze kugira ingaruka ndetse zari zigikomeza kuko hari abari baramaze kurugura bakarukoresha hari n’abandi yari ategereje ko bazagura urwo yafatangwe, bivuga ko icyaha yari yaratangiye gukora cyari kigikomeza kiza guhagarikwa n’uko afashwe atari uko we ahisemo kureka kurucuruza, ku bw’izo mpamvu Mukamabano Marie akaba atagomba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. [17] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga kandi Mukamabano Marie aburana avuga ko yacuruzaga urumogi kuko imibereho yari imugoye ari umupfakazi urera abana bimfubyi ariwe wenyine agomba gushaka igitunga abo bana, akaba ashaka ko uru Rukiko ruyifata nk’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, kuri iyi miburanire ye, uru Rukiko rurasanga itamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha nkuko abyifuza kuko imibereho igoye umuntu atari impamvu yo kwishora mu byaha. [18] Ikindi kandi igikorwa yakoraga cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenye (urumogi) kandi arera abana uru Rukiko rurasanga byarashoboraga gushyira mu kaga abo bana yareraga kuko bashoboraga kwiga kunywa urumogi no kurucuruza bikabagiraho ingaruka zikomye ndetse n’umuryango nyarwanda. [19] Hashingiye kubisobanuro bimaze gutangwa haruguru no kungingo z’amategeko zashingiweho, uru Rukiko rurasanga Mukamabano Marie adakwiye kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano, akaba agomba gukomeza guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabili n’itanu yari yarahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru. Ibijyanye n’isubikagihano [20] Ingingo ya 64, igika cya mbere y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko «Isubikagihano ni icyemezo cy’urukiko gihagarika irangizarubanza ku gihano itegeko riteganyiriza igifungo kitarengeje imyaka itanu (5). Isubikagihano ritangwa hashingiwe ku buremere bw’icyaha». [21] Bityo isubika gihano Mukamabano Marie asaba akaba adakwiye kuryemerwa kuko ritemewe ku muntu wahanishijwe igihano cy’igifungo kirengeje imyaka itanu (5). III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [22] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Mukamabano Marie nta ishingiro bufite; [23] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA 00379/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 11/11/2021 idahindutse; [24] Rwemeje ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) yari yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru kigumyeho;

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[25] Ruvuze ko amagarama y’urubanza aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta.