UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MUKANDINDA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MUKANDINDA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-05-22 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00383/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MUKANDINDA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00383/2024/CA (Umugwaneza, P.J.) 22 Gicurasi 2025] Amategeko agenga ibyaha n’ibihano – Icyaha cyo gukora ibikorwa byerekeranye n’ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo – Kugabanyirizwa ibihano – Icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu ntigishobora kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, kandi n’ihazabu iteganyijwe nayo ntishobora kugabanywa ngo ibe yajya munsi ya kimwe cya kane cy’ihazabu nto iteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe. Incamake y’ikibazo: Mukandinda Pétronille yafashwe afite urumogi rungana n’ikiro kimwe (1 kg), aruvanye muri DRC aruzanye mu Rwanda. Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubugenzacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu, bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gukora ibikorwa byerekeranye n’ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo, aburana yemera ko yafatanwe ikiro kimwe cy’urumogi ariko akavuga ko rutari urwe, ko ari uw’umuntu wamuhaye igikapu ngo akimufashe acyemera atazi ko harimo urumogi. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu, rushingiye ku kuba mu Bugenzacyaha, mu Bushinjacyaha no mu iburana, Mukandinda Pétronille yaremeye ko yafatanwe ikiro kimwe (1 kg) cy’urumogi, n’ubwo avuga ko rutari urwe, ariko akaba atagaragaza nyirarwo, rwemeje ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gukora ibikorwa byerekeranye n’ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo kigizwe n’igikorwa cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, maze rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri n’ibihumbi magana atanu (20.500.000 Frw). Mukandinda Pétronille yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, avuga ko noneho yemera icyaha yarezwe, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano. Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). Mukandinda Pétronille yajuriye bwa kabiri mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano avuga ko hashingirwa ku zindi manza zaciwe, z’abantu bahamijwe ibyaha bisa n’icyo nawe yahamijwe, bagiye bagabanyirizwa igihano kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha bagahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka itanu (5), asaba kandi ko igihano yahabwa cyasubikwa kubera ko igihe cy’imyaka itanu (5) amaze mu igororore amaze kugororoka no kumenya icyaha n’ububi bwacyo. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Mukandinda Pétronille adakwiriye kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yagabanyirijwe ku buryo buhagije kandi bushingiye ku mategeko, ndetse ko igihano yahanishijwe kidashobora gusubikwa kuko kirenze imyaka itanu (5) y’igifungo. Incamake y’icyemezo: Icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu ntigishobora kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15,

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kandi n’ihazabu iteganyijwe nayo ntishobora kugabanywa ngo ibe yajya munsi ya kimwe cya kane cy’ihazabu nto iteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe. Ubujurire nta shingiro. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2. Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RPAA 00752/2024/CA rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Nsekanabo Augustin, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/03/2025; Urubanza RPAA 00 RPAA 00154/2024/CA rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Dusabe Jean Damascène, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 17/04/2025. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku itariki 09/11/2021, Mukandinda Pétronille yafashwe n’abapolisi bakorera ku mupaka uhuza u Rwanda na Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo (DRC) wo mu Karere ka Rubavu uzwi ku izina rya “Grande Barrière”, afite urumogi rungana n’ikiro kimwe (1 kg), aruvanye muri DRC aruzanye mu Rwanda. Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubugenzacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu, bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gukora ibikorwa byerekeranye n’ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo, aburana yemera ko yafatanwe ikiro kimwe cy’urumogi ariko akavuga ko rutari urwe, ko ari uw’umuntu wamuhaye igikapu ngo akimufashe acyemera atazi ko harimo urumogi. [2] Mu rubanza RP 00782/2021/TGI/RBV rwaciwe ku wa 14/12/2021, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu, rushingiye ku kuba mu Bugenzacyaha, mu Bushinjacyaha no mu iburana, Mukandinda Pétronille yaremeye ko yafatanwe ikiro kimwe (1 kg) cy’urumogi avuye muri DRC, n’ubwo avuga ko rutari urwe, ariko akaba atagaragaza nyirarwo, rushingiye no ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamufashe bemeza ko bamufatanye ikiro kimwe (1 kg) cy’urumogi aruvanye muri DRC arwambukanye mu Rwanda, rwemeje ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gukora ibikorwa byerekeranye n’ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo kigizwe n’igikorwa cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri n’ibihumbi magana atanu (20.500.000 Frw). [3] Mukandinda Pétronille yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, avuga ko noneho yemera icyaha yarezwe, asobanura ko yeme kwambutsa urumogi aruvana muri DRC aruzana mu Rwanda abizi ko arirwo atwaye kugira ngo ahabwe igihembo, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano.

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[4] Ubushinjacyaha bwavuze ko urubanza rujuririrwa ntacyo rwarenganyijeho Mukandinda Pétronille kuko icyaha yaburanye ahakana ubu nawe acyemera, bityo ko urubanza rujuririrwa rutakabaye ruhinduka. Buvuga ariko ko kuva aho urwo rubanza ruciriwe Itegeko rigena ibihano ryahindutse mu nyungu z’uregwa ariwe Mukandinda Pétronille, ko rero Itegeko rishya ariryo rikwiriye gushingirwaho akagabanyirizwa igihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). [5] Mu rubanza RPA 00021/2022/HC/MUS rwaciwe ku wa 29/04/2024, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze rushingiye ku ngingo 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihidura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rwasanze Mukandinda Pértonille akwiriye kugabanyirizwa igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). [6] Mukandinda Pétronille yajuriye bwa kabiri mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa RPAA 00383/2024/CA, ruburanishwa muruhame ku wa 09/05/2025, yunganiwe na Me Shema T. Gerald, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Rukaka Gallican, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [7] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire no mu miburanire, Mukandinda Pértonille n’umwunganira basaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku zindi manza zaciwe z’abantu bahamijwe ibyaha bisa n’icyo Mukandinda Pétronille nawe yahamijwe bagiye bagabanyirizwa igihano kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha bagahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka itanu (5), basaba kandi ko igihano yahabwa cyasubikwa kubera ko igihe cy’imyaka itanu (5) amaze mu igororore amaze kugororoka no kumenya icyaha n’ububi bwacyo. [8] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Mukandinda Pétronille adakwiriye kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yagabanyirijwe ku buryo buhagije kandi bushingiye ku mategeko, ndetse ko igihano yahanishijwe kidashobora gusubikwa kuko kirenze imyaka itanu (5) y’igifungo. [9] Hakurikijwe iyo miburanire, Urukiko rurasanga muri uru rubanza, ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa ari ikijyanye no kumenya niba Mukandinda Pétronille ashobora kongera kugabanyirizwa ndetse akanasubikirwa igihano. II. IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYACYO Kumenya niba Mukandinda Pétronille ashobora kongera kugabanyirizwa ndetse akanasubikirwa igihano [10] Mukandinda Pétronille n’umwunganira basaba Urukiko guca inkoni izamba rukamugabanyiriza igihano kuko yemera icyaha mu buryo budashikanywaho, akacyicuza akagisabira imbabazi, akaba ari ubwa mbere yakurikiranwaho icyaha imbere y’inkiko, akaba atarigeze arushya ubutabera ndetse urumogi yafatanwe akaba yari atari yakarukwirakwije muri rubanda, no kugira ngo ajye kwita ku burenganzira bw’abana icyenda (9) yasize bandagaye ku gasozi batagira kirengera. Basaba kandi ko igihano Mukandinda Pétronille yahabwa cyasubikwa kubera ko igihe cy’imyaka itanu (5) amaze mu igororore amaze kugororoka no kumenya icyaha n’ububi bwacyo.

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[11] Ku bijyanye n’amategeko yashingirwaho ndetse n’izindi manza zaciwe, Mukandinda Pétronille n’umwunganira basaba ko hashingirwa ku ngingo ya 491, iya 59 2n’iya 60 3z’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 24 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ndetse no ku zindi manza zaciwe z’abantu bahamijwe icyaha nk’icyo Mukandinda Pétronille nawe yahamijwe, bagiye bagabanyirizwa igihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka itanu (5) harimo nk’urubanza RPAA 00408/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/01/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nyirishema Fiston, wahamijwe icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, agabanyirizwa igihano kiva ku gifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) kigera ku gifungo cy’imyaka itanu (5) n’izindi nyinshi, maze Mukandinda Pétronille nawe akongera kugabanyirizwa igihano.

1 Ivuga ko: “Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw'icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo”. 2 Ivuga ko: “Umucamanza ashobora kugabanya ibihano nk’iyo: 1º ushinjwa, mbere yo gukurikiranwa, yemeye icyaha akagisabira imbabazi uwo yakoreye icyaha n’umuryango nyarwanda mu buryo budashidikanywa, akicuza kandi akishyura ibyo yangije nk’uko bari babimutegerejeho; 2º ushinjwa yishyikirije urwego rw’ubutabera rubifitiye ububasha, mbere y’uko akurikiranwa cyangwa se mu gihe hatangiye ibikorwa by’ikurikirana; 3º mu ntangiriro z’iburanisha ku rwego rwa mbere, ushinjwa yireze akemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywa; 4º icyaha cyakozwe nta ngaruka zikomeye cyateje”. 3 Ivuga ko: “Iyo hari impamvu zigabanya ububi bw’icyaha, ibihano bishobora kugabanywa ku buryo bukurikira: 1º haseguriwe ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 107 igihano cyo gufungwa burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25); 2º igihano cy’igifungo kimara igihe kizwi cyangwa ihazabu bishobora kugabanywa ariko ntibijye munsi y’igihano gito ntarengwa giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe”. 4 Ivuga ko: “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15; (b) igifungo kimara igihe kizwi kiva ku mezi 6 kuzamura gishobora kugabanywa, ariko ntikijye munsi ya kimwe cya kabiri cy’igihano gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe; (c) igihano cy’igifungo kiri munsi y’amezi 6 gishobora gusubikwa; (d) igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe; (e) igihano cy’imirimo y’inyungu rusange gishobora gusubikwa. »

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[12] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2, agace ka (a) na (d) y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’imyaka 15 ndetse n’ihazabu ikaba yagabanywa ikagezwa kuri ¼ cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe, hashingiwe no ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza RPAA 00425/2022/CA, rwaciwe ku wa 28/09/2023 Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Ndaruhutse Joseph (igika cya 13), uvuga ko uregwa atongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yarabigabanyirijwe bihagije, harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo; Mukandinda Pétroninille adakwiriye kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yagabanyirijwe ku buryo buhagije kandi bushingiye ku mategeko. [13] Ku bijyanye n’imanza Mukandinda Pétronille n’umwunganira basaba ko zashingirwaho, Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko izo manza zitashingirwaho kuko Itegeko umurongo watanzwe muri izo manza wemerera Umucamanza kugabanya igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryahindutse kandi, umurongo wari uriho ukaba udashobora gukurikizwa mu gihe Itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe. Naho ku bijyanye n’isubikagihano bukavuga ko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya ya 3 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, Mukandinda Pétronille nta burenganzira afite ku isubikagihano kuko yahanishijwe igifungo kirenze imyaka itanu (5). UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [14] Impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw) Mukandinda Pétronille yahanishijwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa kubera icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge (urumogi) yahamijwe cyakongera kugabanywa hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha agaragaza, kikagezwa munsi y’igihano gito giteganyijwe n’Itegeko ndetse igihano yahabwa kigasubikwa. [15] Ingingo ya 11, igika cya gatatu, agace ka 1° y’Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 ihindura ingingo ya 263 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ivuga ko “Umuntu wese ukora, uhinga, uhindura, utunda, ubika, uha undi, ugurisha mu gihugu ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko ahanishwa: 1° igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda arenze miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw) ariko atarenze miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 Frw) ku byerekeye ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye”. [16] Ikibazo kijyanye no kumenya igihano gito gishobora guhabwa umuburanyi wahamijwe icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, cyatanzweho umuro n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu manza zitandukanye, aho rushingiye ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rwemeje ko icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu kidashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ku buryo

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kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, kandi ko n’ihazabu iteganyijwe idashobora kugabanywa ngo ibe yajya munsi ya kimwe cya kane cy’ihazabu nto iteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe5. [17] Nk’uko byagarutsweho haruguru, mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, Mukandinda Pétronille yagabanyirije igihano, kiva ku gifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri n’ibihumbi magana atanu (20.500.000 Frw), ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw). [18] Hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe n’uru Rukiko wibukijwe mu gika cya 16 cy’uru rubanza, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw) Mukandinda Pétronille yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, kitakongera kugabanywa kuko cyagabanyijwe bihagije kandi kikaba aricyo gihano gito ntarengwa giteganyijwe ku cyaha kimuhama cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mubwoko bw’urumogi, kikaba kidashobora kugibwa munsi. [19] Ku bijyanye no kuvuga ko hashingirwa ku rubanza RPAA00408/2021/CA aho Nyirishema Fiston wahamijwe icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi yagabanyirijwe igihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka itanu (5), maze Mukandinda Pétronille nawe akongera kugabanyirizwa igihano, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nta shingiro bifite, kuko umurongo washingiweho muri urwo rubanza watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mumanza zitandukanye rwaciye wemerera Umucamanza kuba yagabanya igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko igihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, wari ushingiye ku ngingo ya 60 y’Itegeko N°68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ubu iyo ngingo ikaba yarahinduwe n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023, kandi nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 26/05/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul, umurongo wari uriho udashobora gukurikizwa mu gihe Itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe6. [20] Ku bijyanye n’isubikagihano risabwa na Mukandinda Pétronille, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye ku ngingo ya 3 y’Itegeko N° 058/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha ivuga ko: “Iyo uwakatiwe nta kindi gihano cy’igifungo kirenga amezi 6 yahanishijwe mbere, urukiko, rukoresheje icyemezo gisobanura impamvu, rushobora gutegeka gusubika irangiza ry’igihano cyose cyangwa igice cy’igihano cy’iremezo cyangwa cy’ingereka, iyo igihano cy’iremezo cy’igifungo umuntu yakatiwe kitarenze imyaka 5”, rusanga adakwiye kurihabwa kuko ahanishijwe igihano cy’iremezo kirenze imyaka itanu (5) y’igifungo.

5 Muri izo manza harimo urubanza RPAA 00752/2024/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/03/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsekanabo Augustin (igika cya 19), urubanza RPAA 00 RPAA 00154/2024/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 17/04/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Dusabe Jean Damascène (igika cya 13) n’izindi.

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[21] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro byose byatanzwe muri uru rubanza, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ubujurire bwa Mukandinda Pétronille nta shingiro bufite, urubanza yajuririye rukaba rudahindutse. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [22] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Mukandinda Pétronille nta shingiro bufite; [23] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA 00021/2022/HC/MUS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze ku wa 29/04/2024, idahindutse; [24] Rwemeje ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw) Mukandinda Pétronille yahanishijwe muri urwo rubanza, kigumyeho; [25] Rutegetse ko Mukandinda Pétronille asonewe gutanga amagarama y’urubanza kuko aburana afunze.