Mukandori

# Mukandori

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-03-24 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00618/2021/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MUKANDORI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00618/2021/CA (Kaliwabo, P.J.) 24 Werurwe 2023] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Igabanyagihano – Nta muntu ukwiriye kwitwaza ingaruka mbi z’icyaha yakoze ngo abishingireho asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano. Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Igabanyagihano – Urukiko rushobora kugabanya igihano rushingiye ku ngano y’ibiyobyabwenge ushinjwa yatunze cyangwa yacuruje, mu rwego rwo guhuza igihano n’uburemere bw’icyaha (Principe de la proportionnalité de la peine à l’infraction). Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo Ubushinjacyaha bukurikiranye uregwa ku cyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, buvuga ko abashinzwe umutekano bamufatiye mu cyuho acuruza urumogi, afatanwa udupfunyika 7,5 tw’urumogi. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kubika no kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu y’amafaranga 20.000.000frw. Uregwa yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko aburana yemera icyaha kandi agisabira imbabazi, asaba no gusubikirwa ibihano yaba agabanyirijwe. Urwo Rukiko narwo rwaciye urubanza rusanga yaragabanyirijwe ibihano n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye ahabwa igihano gito giteganywa n’amategeko. Uregwa yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko yaburanye yemera icyaha kandi anagisabira imbabazi ariko inkiko zibanza zikaba zaranze kumugabanyiriza igihano mu buryo bukwiye, asaba urukiko rw’ubujurire kumugabanyiriza igihano no kugisubika kuko afite abana bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe agomba kwitaho, nawe akaba afite uburwayi budakira. Ubushinjacyaha bwo mu mwanzuro wabwo bwavugaga ko nta cyabuza ko Mukandori agabanyirizwa igihano kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha, naho mu iburanisha buvuga ko ushinjwa akwiye kugumishwa ku gihano yahawe kubera ingaruka urumogi yafatanwe acuruza rugira ku buzima bw’abantu. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Nta muntu ukwiriye kwitwaza ingaruka mbi z’icyaha yakoze ngo abishingireho asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano, bityo Nubwo ifungwa rya Mukandori rihungabanya uburere bw’abana be ntibyaba impamvu ashingiraho asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano. 2. Urukiko rushobora kugabanya igihano rushingiye ku ngano y’ibiyobyabwenge ushinjwa yatunze cyangwa yacuruje, mu rwego rwo guhuza igihano n’uburemere bw’icyaha (Principe de la proportionnalité de la peine à l’infraction). Urubanza ruhindutse ku birebana n’ibihano gusa. Amategeko yashingiweho:

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Ingingo ya 11 y’Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, yahinduye ingingo ya 263. Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, Ingingo ya 49 n’iya 59 Imanza zifashishijwe: RPA 0129/10/CS, Ubushinjacyaha vs. Mpitabakana rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 07/03/2014, rwatangajwe mu Cyegeranyo cy’ibyemezo by’inkiko, V.2 [2014] RLR. RPAA 00032/2019/CA, Ubushinjacyaha vs. Nzafashwanimana rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/02/2020. RPAA 00408/2020/CA, Ubushinjacyaha vs. Niyitegeka rwaciye n’Urukiko Rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/06/2022. RPAA 00132/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha vs. Uyisenga rwaciye n’Urukiko Rw’Ubujurire ku wa 15/07/2022. RPA00012/2019/CA, Ubushinjacyaha vs. Lt Mutabazi rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rw’Ubujurire ku wa 21/06/2019. RPAA 00727/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha vs Dusingizumukiza Siméon rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rw’Ubujurire ku wa 17/03/2023. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo Ubushinjacyaha bukurikiranyeho Mukandori Josephine icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, buvuga ko kuwa 24/09/2019 abashinzwe umutekano bamufatiye mu cyuho acuruza urumogi, afatanwa udupfunyika 7,5 tw’urumogi, icyaha yemera ndetse akavuga ko yari amaze amezi 4 arucuruza kandi ko agereranije, ku munsi acuruza urumogi rufite agaciro ka 10.000Frw. [2] Mu rubanza RP 1322/2019/TGI/GSBO, urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwemeje ko Mukandori Josephine ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kubika no kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu y’amafaranga 20.000.000frw [3] Mu kumuhamya icyaha, Urukiko rwashingiye ku kwemera icyaha kwe anasobanura uburyo yafatanywe boules 7,5 z’urumogi yacuruzaga, anavuga ko arurangura ku mafranga 200 akarugurisha kuri 400 ku buryo ku munsi acuruza nk’urwa 10.000Frw, avuga kandi ko amaze amezi 4 acuruza urumogi, kuba yarashyize umukono ku nyandikomvugo ifatira ry’udupfunyika 7,5 tw’urumogi yafatanywe no kuba umutangabuhamya Habyarimana Michel ahamya ko bari bafite amakuru ko acuruza urumogi baraza baramwegera bamuganiriza bamubwira ko aramutse arubahaye barutwika ntibamufunge ajya kuruzana aho yari yarutabye bahita bamufata.

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[4] Mukandori Josephine yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko aburana yemera icyaha kandi agisabira imbabazi, asaba no gusubikirwa ibihano yaba agabanyirijwe. Ubushinjacyaha bwo bwasabye ko hahamishwaho imikirize y’urubanza rujuririrwa kuko ushinjwa yagabanyirijwe ibihano bihagije akaba asaba ibyo yarangije guhabwa. [5] Mu rubanza RPA 02021/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe kuwa 18/06/2021, Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Mukandori Josephine nta shingiro bufite, rwemeza ko urubanza RP1322/2019/TGI/GSBO rwajuririwe rudahindutse, ko rugumanye agaciro karwo mu ngingo zarwo zose. [6] Mu gufata icyemezo, urukiko rwasanze Mukandori Josephine yaragabanyirijwe ibihano n’Urukuru Rwisumbuye ahabwa igihano gito giteganywa n’amategeko cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25 years) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw), rwemeza ko atakwongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. [7] Mukandori Josephine yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko yaburanye yemera icyaha kandi anagisabira imbabazi ariko inkiko zibanza zikaba zaranze kumugabanyiriza igihano mu buryo bukwiye, asaba urukiko rw’ubujurire kumugabanyiriza igihano no kugisubika kuko afite abana bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe agomba kwitaho, nawe akaba afite uburwayi budakira. [8] Ubushinjacyaha, mu mwanzuro wabwo wanditse, bwavuze ko nta cyabuza ko Mukandori Josephine agabanyirizwa igihano kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha, naho mu iburanisha buvuga ko ushinjwa akwiye kugumishwa ku gihano yahawe kubera ingaruka urumogi yafatanwe acuruza rugira ku buzima bw’abantu. [9] Iburanisha ryabaye kuwa 06/3/2023, Mukandori Josephine yunganiwe na Me Mukakalisa Jeanne d’Arc naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Ninahazwa Roselyne, Umushinjacyaha ku Rwego rw’Igihugu. Urukiko rukaba rugiye gusuzuma ubusabe bw’ushinjwa bwo kugabanyirizwa igihano ku buryo buruseho. II. ISESENGURA RY’URUBANZA Gusuzuma niba Mukandori Josephine yakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano [10] Mukandori Josephine yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko anenga urukiko Rukuru ko rwanze kumugabanyiriza igihano kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha anagisabira imbabazi, asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kumugabanyiriza igihano kuko afite abana bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe agomba kwitaho, nawe akaba afite uburwayi budakira. [11] Me Mukakalisa Jeanne d’Arc wunganira Mukandori Josephine yaburanye avuga ko uwo yunganira yemeye icyaha ku buryo budashidikanywaho kuva agifatwa ariko ntiyagabanyirizwa igihano bihagije , asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuzashingira ku ngingo ya 49 n’iya 58 y’itegeko no 68/2018 ryo kuwa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo zishimangira ihame ry’amategeko ryemerera umucamanza gutanga igihano yitaye ku mibereho y’uwakoze icyaha, mbere yo kugikora , igihe yagikoraga na nyuma yo kugikora akagihuza n’uburemere bw’icyaha cyakozwe. Asaba ko Mukandori yagabanyiriza igihano akajya kwita ku bana be

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babana n’ubumuga bwo mu mutwe badafite kirengera nubwo bwose nawe afite uburwayi budakira [12] Akomeza avuga ko kuba Mukandori Josephine ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho n’inkiko kandi nta yindi myitwarire mibi yamuranze mbere y’uko akora icyaha, ibyo ubwabyo byari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha yari gutuma agabanyirizwa ibihano. Kubana none Mukandori Josephine yarafatanywe ingano y’urumogi ntoya (7.5 boules) byakwitabwaho mu kumugabanyiriza igihano, asaba ko kuri iyi ngingo, hazifashishwa igitekerezo kiboneka mu rubanza RPAA 00408/2020/CA rwaciwe kuwa 27/06/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Niyitegeka Augustin no mu rubanza RPAA 00132/2021/CA rwaciye kuwa 15/07/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Uyisenga Théogène, aho rwemeje ko Urukiko rushobora kugabanya igihano rushingiye ku ngano y’ibiyobyabwenge ushinjwa yatunze cyangwa yacuruje, mu rwego rwo guhuza igihano n’uburemere bw’icyaha. [13] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire za Mukandori nta shingiro zahabwa kuko abana avuga ko barwaye nta cyemezo abigaragariza kandi ko n’iyo byaba ari ukuri, izo ari ingaruka z’icyaha yakoze. Naho iby’uburwayi bwe, ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko yitabwaho n’abaganga nk’uko bikorerwa abandi bafite uburwayi nk’ubwe. [14] Buvuga kandi ko kuba Mukandori asaba ko igihano cyagabanywa ku mpamvu y’uko urumogi rwakwirakwijwe rwari rukeya nta shingiro nabyo byahabwa kuko bitari ubwa mbere arukwirakwije kuko mu kwemera icyaha kwe yavuze ko yari amaze amezi ane ( 4 mois ) arucuruza, kandi akagaragaza n’amafranga yaruranguraho ( 200F) n’ayo arugurishaho ( 400F), ko ubisesenguye biboneka ko yacuruzaga rwinshi ku munsi ariyo mpamvu avuga ko yaruvanagamo 10.000Frw ku munsi. Bwasoje buvuga ko yahamishwa ku gihano yahawe kuko aricyo gikwiranye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [15] Ingingo ya 11 y’Itegeko n° 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, yahinduye ingingo ya 263 iteganya ko « (...) Umuntu wese ukora, uhinga, uhindura, utunda, ubika, uha undi, ugurisha mu gihugu ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko ahanishwa: 1 º igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda atari munsi ya miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw) ariko atarenze miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 Frw), ku byerekeye ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye (…). [16] Ubujurire bwa Mukandori Josephine bugamije gusaba urukiko rw’ubujurire ko rumugabanyiriza igihano ku buryo buhagije kuko kuva yafatwa yaburanye yemera icyaha ku buryo budashidikanywaho, ko ari bwo bwa mbere akurikiranywe n’inkiko kandi ingano ntoya y’ibiyobyabwenge ikaba ikwiye kwitabwaho mu kugena igihano. Bushingiye kandi ku bana be avuga ko bafiteuburwayi bwo mu mutwe na we akaba afite uburwayi budakira ariyo mpamvu asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano. [17] Imikirize y’urubanza rujuririrwa, mu gika cyarwo cya 11, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000 Frw Mukandori Josephine yahawe

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aricyo gihano gito itegeko riteganyiriza icyaha ashinjwa, bityo ko adashobora guhabwa ikiri munsi yacyo kuko byaba binyuranye n’ingingo ya 60 y’itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. Ku bijyanye n’igihano kiri munsi y’icyagenwe n’Itegeko [18] Urukiko rurasanga ku byerekeye kugabanya igihano kugera munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko byarafashweho umurongo mu rubanza N° RPAA 00032/2019/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/02/2020 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nzafashwanimana Jean de Dieu aho Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje ko umucamanza atagomba kugira ikimuzitira mu kugabanyiriza ushinjwa igihano ndetse no kugeza munsi y’igihano gito itegeko riteganyiriza icyaha aburanisha kuko kubikora byaba ari ukubangamira ubwigenge bw’umucamanza mu kugena igihano gikwiranye n’uburemere bw’icyaha, uwo murongo akaba ari nawo wafashwe n’uru Rukiko mu manza nyinshi zakurikiyeho, rukaba rwaremeje ko iki kibazo kidakwiye kongera kugibwaho impaka. Bityo imitekerereze y’Urukiko Rukuru ikaba igomba gukosorwa muri uru rubanza. Ku birebana n’abana Mukandori avuga ko barwaye mu mutwe kandi bakaba badafite kirengera [19] Urukiko rurasanga imwe mu ngaruka zo gukora icyaha, ari uko umuntu ufunzwe aba agomba kugororerwa ahabugenewe, akaba adashobora kubifatanya no kwita ku muryango we uko abyifuza. Nubwo ifungwa rya Mukandori rihungabanya uburere bw’abana be avuga ko bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe, nyamara kandi uyu yagombaga kubitekereza mbere yo gukora icyaha, bityo bikamutera kwisubiraho ataragikora aho kubigira impamvu ashingiraho asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano, nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza RPA 0129/10/CS1 rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kuwa 07/03/2014, ko nta muntu ukwiriye kwitwaza ingaruka mbi z’icyaha yakoze ngo abishingireho asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano. Uyu ninawo murongo wafashwe n’uru Rukiko mu manza nyinshi, uruheruka akaba ari urubanza RPAA 00727/2021/CA rwaciwe kuwa 17/03/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Dusingizumukiza Siméon. [20] Ku birebana n’uburwayi bwe budakira aburanisha, Urukiko rurasanga, uretse no kuba aterekana ibimenyetso by’uburwayi avuga, nyamara kandi mu manza zitandukanye zirimo n’urubanza RPAA 00012/2019/CA2, uru Rukiko rwerekanye ko biri mu nshingano z’Urwego rufite amagororero mu nshingano zarwo kuvuza abo rucumbikiye, ushinjwa akaba agomba kurega yerekana ko uru rwego rwateshutse ku nshingano zarwo; ibi bikaba bireba na Mukandori uterekana ko yabuze ubuvuzi bugenerwa abari mu cyiciro cy’uburwayi avuga. Rurasanga kuri iyi ngingo, ubujurire bwa Mukandori Josephine nta shingiro bufite. Ku birebana n’uko Mukandori yaburanye yemera icyaha ariko agahabwa igihano kiremereye [21] Ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko: “Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw'icyaha, 1 Reba igika cya 16 cy’urubanza RPA 0129/10/CS1 rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kuwa 07/03/2014, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na MPITABAKANA, rwatangajwe mu Cyegeranyo cy’ibyemezo by’inkiko, V.2 [2014] RLR. 2 Urubanza RPA00012/2019/CA rwaciwe kuwa 21/06/2019 Ubushinjacyaha burana na LT MUTABAZI Joël mu gika cyarwo cya 21 -22.

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ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo’’. [22] Ingingo ya 59, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko n˚ 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 ryavuzwe mu gika kibanziriza iki iteganya ko: “Umucamanza ashobora kugabanya igihano igihe ushinjwa, mbere yo gukurikiranwa, yemeye icyaha akagisabira imbabazi uwo yakoreye icyaha n’umuryango nyarwanda mu buryo budashidikanywa (…)”. [23] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko Mukandori Josephine kuwa 24/09/2019 yafashwe n’abashinzwe umutekano bamubwira ko bafite amakuru ko acuruza ibiyobyabwenge, ko kandi n’aramuka yerekanye urumogi afite, bamuha imbabazi ntibamufunge3, ariyo mpamvu yagiye kuruvana aho yari yaruhishe akarubaha (udupfunyika 7.5) ndetse akabasobanurira igihe amaze arucuruza n’amafaranga arwungukamo. Mukandori yakomeje imvugo ye yemera icyaha kugeza no mu Rukiko, Urukiko rukaba rwarabishingiyeho ruvuga ko rumugabanyirije igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000Frw. [24] Urukiko rurasanga, n’ubwo Mukandori yagabanyirijwe igihano, nyamara kandi Urukiko rwaragombaga gushyira mu gaciro imyitwarire y’ushinjwa igihe yafatwaga akizezwa ko n’aramuka yerekanye urumogi afite ataza gufungwa, ibyo bikaba byaragombaga gutuma igihano cye kijya munsi kurushaho kuko yemeye icyaha kandi akagisobanura neza ashingiye ku byo yari yasezeraniwe. Ku birebana n’ingano y’ibiyobyabwenge Mukandori yafatanywe [25] Mukandori yunganiwe na Me Mukakalisa asaba ko ingano ntoya y’ibiyobyabwenge yafatanwe nayo yagombye kwitabwaho mu kumugenera igihano nk’uko byagenze mu zindi manza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko. [26] Urukiko rurasanga, nk’uko uru Rukiko rwabitanzeho umurongo mu rubanza RPAA 00408/2020/CA rwaciye kuwa 27/06/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Niyitegeka Augustin no mu rubanza RPAA 00132/2021/CA rwaciye kuwa 15/07/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Uyisenga Théogène, Urukiko rushobora kugabanya igihano rushingiye ku ngano y’ibiyobyabwenge ushinjwa yatunze cyangwa yacuruje, mu rwego rwo guhuza igihano n’uburemere bw’icyaha (Principe de la proportionnalité de la peine à l’infraction). [27] Urukiko rurasanga, nubwo urumogi ruri mu biyobyabwenge bihambaye kandi ubicuruza akaba ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu, nyamara kandi birakwiye ko umucamanza ashyira mu gaciro uburemere bw’icyaha n’igihano gitanzwe. Rurasanga ingano ntoya y’urumogi (7.5 boules) Mukandori yafatanywe itakwirengagizwa mu kugena igihano. [28] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, rushingiye ku ngingo za 49 n’iya 59 z’Itegeko n˚ 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, rushingiye no ku bisobanuro byatanzwe mu bika bibanziriza iki cyane cyane ku myitwarire ya Mukandori Josephine wafashwe yizezwa kudafungwa nawe akiyemeza kuvugisha ukuri no kujya kwerekana aho yari yahishe ibiyobyabwenge (udupfunyika 7.5), rurasanga uyu agomba guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 5 n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni imwe. 3 Reba ubuhamya bwa Habyarimana Michel

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III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [29] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza nº RPA 02021/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 18/06/2021 n’Urukiko Rukuru ihindutse ku birebana n’ibihano. [30] Rwemeje ko Mukandori Josephine ahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka itanu (5ans) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni imwe (1.000.000Frw) ku cyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi. [31] Rutegetse ko Mukandori Josephine asonerwa gutanga amagarama y'urubanza kubera ko aburana afunzwe.