MUKARUHUNGA v. RADIANT INSURANCE COMPANY Ltd

# MUKARUHUNGA v. RADIANT INSURANCE COMPANY Ltd

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-04-17 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RC00019/2024/SC - Collection: Supreme Court

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MUKARUHUNGA v. RADIANT INSURANCE COMPANY Ltd [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – RS/INJUST/RC00019/2024/SC (Hitiyaremye, J.P., Cyanzayire na Kalihangabo, J.) 17 Mata 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza z’imbonezamubano – Impanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga bigenzwa na moteri kandi bigenda ku butaka – Indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka – Indishyi z’imbangamirabukungu – Indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu ntizihabwa uwatakaje akazi burundu gusa, ahubwo zigenerwa uwagize ubumuga buhoraho wese hakurikijwe ikigero cy’ubumuga yagize, kuko ubwo bumuga bugira ibyo bumuhungabanyaho mu buzima. Amategeko agenga imanza z’imbonezamubano – Impanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga bigenzwa na moteri kandi bigenda ku butaka – Indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka – Indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi – Ni indishyi zishingiye ku ngaruka z’impanuka ku mwuga, zigamije kuriha ingaruka umuntu yagize, harimo kugabanyirizwa agaciro ku isoko ry’umurimo, imvune mu gukora umurimo yari asanganywe, no kubura amahirwe yo kuzamurwa mu ntera. Incamake y’ikibazo: Mukaruhunga yakomerekeye mu mpanuka yakozwe n’imodoka yari arimo ifite ubwishingizi muri Radiant Insurance Company, ikaba yaramuteye ubumuga buhoraho buri ku kigero cya 60%. Nyuma yo kugerageza kumvikana na Radiant umwishingizi w’iyo modoka ntibikunde, Mukaruhunga yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, arega asaba urukiko gutegeka Radiant kumwishyura indishyi zitandukanye zingana na 29.140.873Frw zituruka kuri iyo mpanuka yakoze nkuko ziteganywa n’amategeko. Muri izo ndishyi Urega yasabye, Uregwa yeraguye avugako indishyi mbangamira bukungu n’indishyi mbangamira burambe ntazo yahabwa kuko Urega yakomeje gukora ndetse no guhembwa umushahara we. Izindi ndishyi Uregwa yemeraga kuzimuha ariko zikabarwa zishingiye ku mushahara fatizo (SMIG) ungana n’amafaranga ibihumbi bitatu (3000Frw) ndetse no kumwishyura amafaranga yose yakoresheje afitiye ibimenyetso bisobanutse hamwe n’ay’igihembo cy’avoka. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwaciye urubanza rutegeka Uregwa guha Urega indishyi yasabye zingana na 17.673.009Frw zigizwe n’indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, iz’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi iz’ibangamira ry’uburanga, iz’akababaro, amafaranga yakoresheje mu kwivuza n’ibindi byangombwa, n’igihembo cy’Avoka. Iki cyemezo Uregwa yakijuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko Urega yagenewe indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu n’iz’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi mu buryo budakwiye ndetse agenerwa n’amafaranga yakoresheje y’umurengera adafite ibimenyetso. Urega na we yajuriye avuga ko yagombaga kubarirwa indishyi hagendewe ku mushahara ahemberwaho ungana na 6.595Frw ku munsi aho kuba 3.000Frw. Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa bo bombi bufite ishingiro, rutegeka ko Urega atagomba guhabwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu n’iz’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi, ariko agahabwa izindi ndishyi zisigaye hamwe n’amafaranga yakoresheje hamwe n’ay’igihembo cy’avoka, yose hamwe angana na 11.118.717Frw. Urega yasabye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ko urwo rubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, na we yoherereza Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga raporo yarukozeho, maze na we yemeza ko rwongera kuburanishwa n’uru Rukiko rw’Ikirenga. Urega avuga ko akarengane ke gashingiye ku kuba ataragenewe indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu n’iz’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi, kandi impanuka yakomerekeyemo yaramusigiye ubumuga buhoraho bungana na 60%, bikaba byaragize ingaruka ku bushobozi bwe bwo gukora akazi, bikanamuhungabanya mu buzima bwe. Avuga ko akwiye guhabwa izo ndishyi kuko zitagamije kuriha gusa uwatakaje akazi, ahubwo ko zigenerwa uwagize ubumuga buhoraho wese, kuko biba byagize icyo bihungabanya mu buzima bwe no mu kazi, cyane ko nyuma y’impanuka yahise ahindurirwa akazi yakoraga agahabwa undi mwanya uri munsi y’uwo yakoragaho.

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Uregwa yireguye avuga ko izo ndishyi Urega asaba adakwiye kuzihabwa kuko ntacyo yatakaje mu rwego rw’ubukungu bwe, dore ko yakomeje gukora bivuze ko ntacyo impanuka yahungabanyije ku mikorere ye. Akomeza avuga ko izo ndishyi zitagenerwa uwagize ubumuga buhoraho wese, ko ahubwo zitangwa mu mwanya w’umushahara cyangwa w’umusaruro umuntu atakibona, bivuze ko mu gihe nta mushahara cyangwa umusaruro yatakaje, aba atagomba kuzigenerwa kugira ngo hatabaho kwikungahaza nta mpamvu. Incamake y’icyemezo:1. Indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu ntizihabwa uwatakaje akazi burundu gusa, ahubwo zigenerwa uwagize ubumuga buhoraho wese hakurikijwe ikigero cy’ubumuga yagize, kuko ubwo bumuga bugira ibyo bumuhungabanyaho mu buzima. 2. Indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi ni indishyi zishingiye ku ngaruka z’impanuka ku mwuga, zigamije kuriha ingaruka umuntu yagize, harimo kugabanyirizwa agaciro ku isoko ry’umurimo, imvune mu gukora umurimo yari asanganywe, no kubura amahirwe yo kuzamurwa mu ntera. Ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane, gifite ishingiro. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko No 41/2001 ryo ku wa 19/09/2001 ryerekeye imyishyurire y’abangirijwe n’impanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga bigenzwa na moteri kandi bigenda ku butaka, ingingo ya 4 n’iya 5. Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa 28/05/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, ingingo ya 2, 18 n’iya 19. Imanza zifashishijwe: RS/INJUST/RC00004/2023/SC, Radiant Insurance Company Ltd na Murekatete Denyse rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 12/04/2024. RS/INJUST/RC00007/2023/SC, Mukaneza Clarisse na Radiant Insurance Company Ltd, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 05/04/2024. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uru rubanza rukomoka ku mpanuka yabaye ku wa 12/05/2017, ubwo imodoka T/L Cruiser GP 165P ifite ubwishingizi muri Radiant Insurance Company Ltd (yitwa Radiant muri uru rubanza), yari itwawe na Nsengimana Védaste avanye abarwayi ku bitaro bya Gisenyi abajyanye CHUK, yageraga mu Kagari ka Taba, Umurenge wa Kanyinya, Akarere ka Nyarugenge, ikarenga umuhanda. Mu bakomerekeye muri iyo mpanuka, harimo Mukaruhunga Nyirangeri Ange, wagize ubumuga buhoraho buri ku kigero cya 60%. [2] Nyuma yo kugerageza kumvikana na Radiant ku ndishyi ariko ntibikunde, Mukaruhunga Nyirangeri Ange yayireze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge asaba indishyi zingana na 29.140.873 Frw zikubiyemo: a) 8.851.607Frw z’ibangamirabukungu; b) 2.373.840Frw z’akababaro; c) 2.373.840Frw z’ibangamira ry’uburanga; d) 4.747.680Frw z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi;

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e) 4.655.105Frw yakoresheje yivuza; f) 2.162.780Fw y’ingendo n’ay’icumbi ajya kwivuza; g) 9.600Frw yaguze dosiye y’impanuka; h) 9.300Frw yaguze izindi nyandiko; i) 1.500.000Frw y’indishyi z’akababaro; j) 2.000.000Frw y’igihembo cy’Avoka na 1.000.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza. [3] Radiant yireguye ivuga ko indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu n’iz’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi ntazo Mukaruhunga Nyarangeri Ange yahabwa, kuko yakomeje gukora akazi ke agakomeza no guhembwa umushahara we. Ku zindi ndishyi, Radiant yemeraga kuzitanga ariko zibariwe ku mushahara w’umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n’amategeko ungana na 3.000Frw ku munsi (SMIG). Yemeraga kandi kumusubiza amafaranga yose yakoresheje yatangiye ibimenyetso bisobanutse, n’igihembo cy’Avoka kingana na 500.000Frw. [4] Mu rubanza RC00824/2020/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 08/10/2021, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwategetse Radiant guha Mukaruhunga Nyarangeri Ange indishyi zose hamwe zingana na 17.673.009Frw, zikubiyemo 8.482.084Frw y’indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, 1.186.920Frw y’indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi, 1.080.000Frw y’indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburanga, 1.080.000Frw y’indishyi z’akababaro, 5.844.005Frw yakoreshejwe mu kwivuza n’ibindi byangombwa, n’igihembo cy’Avoka kingana na 500.000Frw. [5] Radiant yajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru ivuga ko Mukaruhunga Nyirangeri Ange yagenewe indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu n’iz’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi mu buryo budakwiye, ndetse ko yagenewe amafaranga y’umurengera yo kwivuza n’ay’urugendo ataratangiwe ibimenyetso. Mukaruhunga Nyirangeri Ange nawe yajuriye avuga ko yagombaga kubarirwa indishyi hagendewe ku mushahara ahemberwaho ungana na 6.595Frw ku munsi aho kuba 3.000Frw, agahabwa indishyi z’akababaro zingana na 2.373.840 Frw, indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburanga zingana na 2.373.840Frw, indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi zingana na 4.747.680Frw, amafaranga y’ingendo angana na 2.112.780Frw, amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza angana na 1.000.000Frw, ndetse na 1.040.000Frw y’igarama n’igihembo cy’Avoka. [6] Mu rubanza RCA00289/2021/HC/ KIG & CMB RCA00291/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 17/01/2024, Urukiko rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Radiant n’ubwa Mukaruhunga Nyirangeri Ange bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe, rwemeza ko nta ndishyi z’ibangamirabukungu n’indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi Mukaruhunga Nyirangeri Ange akwiye guhabwa, rutegeka Radiant kwishyura Mukaruhunga Nyirangeri Ange indishyi zingana na 11.118.717Frw zikubiyemo iz’akababaro zingana na 2.374.356Frw, iz’ibangamira ry’uburanga zingana na 2.374.356Frw, amafaranga yakoresheje mu kwivuza angana na 4.655.105, amafaranga yakoresheje mu ngendo no kugura ibyangombwa ahwanye na 1.194.900 n’amafaranga 500.000 y'igihembo cy’Avoka. [7] Urukiko Rukuru rwafashe icyo cyemezo rushingiye ku mpamvu zikurikira: a) Indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu ziba zigamije kuziba icyuho cy’inyungu cyangwa umushahara uwagonzwe n’ikinyabiziga aba yatakaje, bitewe n’ubumuga aba yagize bwamubujije gukomeza gukora umurimo wari umutunze; bityo Mukaruhunga Nyirangeri Ange wakomeje akazi ke akanakomeza guhembwa, akaba atagenerwa izo ndishyi; b) Mukaruhunga nyirangeri Ange nta bimenyetso yatanze bigaragaza ko ubumuga yagize aribwo bwatumye atazamurwa mu ntera, kuko na mbere y’uko akora impanuka yari amaze imyaka makumyabiri atazamurwa mu ntera, ndetse akaba nta rwego rumukoresha rwemeje ko ukutazamurwa kwe byatewe n’ubumuga;

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c) Kuba nyuma y’impanuka Mukaruhunga Nyirangeri Ange atacyoherezwa mu butumwa bw’akazi i Kigali, ntiyabivukijwe n’ubumuga yagize kuko ayo ari amahirwe yari yarahawe, yashoboraga kwamburwa agahabwa n’abandi, bityo akaba atabifata nk’uburenganzira yavukijwe n’impanuka; d) Kuba yarakomeje gukora akazi ke kandi agakomeza kubona umushahara we, ntiyahabwa indishyi z’ibangamirwa ry’uburambe mu kazi. Kuba kandi yarahinduriwe umurimo, ntibyaturutse ku bumuga yagize, kuko mu ibaruwa y’Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Rubavu buvuga ko ntacyahindutse ku buryo yari asanzwe afatwamo agihabwa akazi; e) Ibimenyetso byatanzwe bigaragaza ko Mukaruhunga Nyarangeri Ange agomba guhabwa 4.655.105Frw yo kwivuza, inyemezabwishyu z’urugendo yatanze hiyongereyeho no gushyira mu gaciro ko yivuzaga i Kigali aturutse i Rubavu mu gihe cy’imyaka ine, birimo ukuri ko yakoresheje 1.126.000Frw. f) Mukaruhunga Nyirangeri Ange ntiyabarirwa indishyi hagendewe ku mushahara w’umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n’amategeko wa 3.000Frw, kuko yatanze ikimenyetso kigizwe n’ibaruwa Umuyobozi w’ibitaro bya Rubavu yamwandikiye amuhindurira inshingano, kimwe n’impapuro ahemberwaho zatanzwe n’ibitaro by’Akarere ka Rubavu zigaragaza ko ari umuforomo uri ku rwego rwa A1, uhembwa 197.863Frw ku kwezi. [8] Nyuma y’uko Urukiko Rukuru ruciye urwo rubanza, Mukaruhunga Nyirangeri Ange yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba ko urubanza RCA00289/2021/HC/KIG & CMB RCA00291/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 17/01/2024, rwasubirwamo ku mpamvu z'akarengane. Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire amaze gusuzuma ubwo busabe, yoherereje Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga raporo yarukozeho, nawe yemeza ko rwongera kuburanishwa n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, rwandikwa kuri RS/INJUST/RC00019/2024/SC. [9] Mukaruhunga Nyirangeri Ange yasobanuye ko akarengane ke gashingiye ku kuba ataragenewe indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu n’iz’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi, kandi impanuka yakomerekeyemo yaramusigiye ubumuga buhoraho bungana na 60%, bikaba byaragize ingaruka ku bushobozi bwe bwo gukora akazi, bikanamuhungabanya mu buzima bwe. Radiant yo igaragaza ko Mukaruhunga Nyirangeri Ange ntacyo yatakaje mu rwego rw’ubukungu kuko yakomeje gukora, akaba adakwiye kugenerwa indishyi asaba. [10] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 03/03/2025, Mukaruhunga Nyirangeri Ange yunganiwe na Me Jean de Dieu Rwabukamba, naho Radiant ihagarariwe na Me Habimana Joseph. Urubanza rwarapfundikiwe, ababuranyi bamenyeshwa ko ruzasomwa ku wa 17/04/2025. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYABYO 1. Kumenya niba Mukaruhunga Nyirangeri Ange akwiye guhabwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu [11] Mukaruhunga Nyirangeri Ange n’umwunganiye bavuga ko akwiye guhabwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu kuko yakomerekejwe n’imodoka yishingiwe na Radiant, agasigarana ubumuga buhoraho bungana na 60%. Avuga ko izo ndishyi zitagamije kuriha gusa uwatakaje akazi, ahubwo ko zigenerwa uwagize ubumuga buhoraho wese, kuko biba byagize icyo bihungabanya mu buzima bwe no mu kazi, cyane ko nyuma y’impanuka yahise ahindurirwa akazi yakoraga agahabwa undi mwanya uri munsi y’uwo yakoragaho, bityo inyungu yabonaga akaba atarongeye kuzibona. Basoza basaba ko ahabwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zibazwe mu buryo bukurikira: 6.594Frw x 30 x 12 x 11 x 60% = 15.667.344 :1 + (7% x 11) = 8.851.607Frw.

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[12] Bakomeza bavuga ko nyuma yo gukora impanuka, Mukaruhunga Nyirangeri yarwaye imyaka 3, aho agarukiye mu kazi agahindurirwa imirimo kuko umukoresha we yabonye ko atagishoboye iyo yari asanzwe akora. Basaba ko indishyi zitabarirwa ku mushahara w’umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n’amategeko, kuko yahembwaga umushahara uzwi ku kwezi. [13] Radiant ivuga ko Mukaruhunga Nyirangeri Ange atagomba kugenerwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu kuko ntacyo yatakaje mu rwego rw’ubukungu, cyane cyane ko yakomeje gukora nk’uko ibimenyetso yashyikirije Urukiko bibigaragaza, birimo impapuro ahemberwaho (bulletins de paie) zo mu 2019, kandi akaba yarakoze impanuka mu 2017, bivuze ko ntacyo impanuka yahungabanyije ku mikorere ye. [14] Me Habimana Joseph uhagarariye Radiant asobanura ko ishingira ku ngingo ya 4 y’Itegeko No 41/2001 ryo ku wa 19/09/2001 ryerekeye imyishyurire y’abangirijwe n’impanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga bigenzwa na moteri kandi bigenda ku butaka, iteganya mu gika cyayo cya mbere ko iyo impanuka yatumye uwangirijwe agira ubumuga bumutesha akazi ku buryo budahoraho bikamutesha gufata umushahara we wose cyangwa igice cyawo, igihombo cy’akazi cyangwa inyungu zituruka ku mwuga, afite uburenganzira bwo guhabwa amafaranga y’indishyi zijya mu kigwi cyabyo, abarwa guhera ku munsi wa kane uhereye igihe yahagarikiye akazi kugeza ku italiki yagaruriye ubushobozi bwo kugasubiraho. Ibyo bikaba bivuze ko mu gihe nta mushahara cyangwa umusaruro wahagaze cyangwa uwangirijwe yatakaje, nta ndishyi aba agomba kugenerwa kugira ngo hatabaho kwikungahaza nta mpamvu. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [15] Ingingo ya 5 y’Itegeko No 41/2001 ryo ku wa 19/09/2001 ryerekeye imyishyurire y’abangirijwe n’impanuka zitewe z’ibinyabiziga bigenzwa na moteri kandi bigenda ku butaka iteganya ibi bikurikira: iyo impanuka yateye ubumuga uwangirijwe bumubuza gukora akazi burundu, agomba guhabwa amafaranga y’indishyi kubera ubusembwa ku mubiri, guhungabana mu bwenge bwe cyangwa ingaruka bifite ku nyungu yavanaga ku mwuga we atagishoboye gukora kubera ubumuga. Indishyi zigenwa hakurikijwe iteka rya Perezida wa Repubulika. [16] Ibivugwa muri iyi ngingo byasesenguwe mu Rubanza Radiant Insurance Company Ltd yaregagamo Mukaneza Clarisse1, ndetse no mu rubanza iyi sosiyete yaregagamo Murekatete Denyse2, uru Rukiko rugaragaza ko ingingo ifite ikibazo cy’ihinduranya ry’indimi, kuko ahanditse iyo impanuka yateye ubumuga uwangirijwe bumubuza gukora akazi burundu […], mu gifaransa handitse “Lorsque le dommage a causé une incapacité permanente […]”, mu cyongereza hakandikwa “when the injury has resulted in a permanent incapacity”; ibivuze mu Kinyarwanda bikaba badahura n’ibivuze mu zindi ndimi. [17] Mu rubanza Radiant Insurance Company Ltd yaregagamo Mukaneza Clarisse, Urukiko rwagaragaje ko umucyo kuri iki kibazo utangwa n’ingingo ya 2 y’Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa 28/05/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, isobanura ubumuga buhoraho (ari byo mu zindi ndimi bivuga “incapacité permanente/ permanent incapacity”), nk’igabanuka ry’ubushobozi bw’umubiri, ryo gutekereza no kumva cyangwa ry’ubwenge riterwa no kumererwa nabi cyane k’umubiri w’uwahohotewe. [18] Muri urwo rubanza, Urukiko rwasanze ibyo ingingo ya 5 y’Itegeko No 41/2001 ryavuzwe haruguru iteganya, bidakwiye kumvikana nk’aho uwahohotewe wishyurwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu ari uwavuye mu kazi burundu, wagatakaje burundu, cyangwa wamugaye udashobora kugira icyo akora,

1 Urubanza RS/INJUST/RC00007/2023/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 05/04/2024, haburana Mukaneza Clarisse na Radiant Insurance Company Ltd, igika cya 29. 2Urubanza RS/INJUST/R00004/2023/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 12/04/2024, haburana Radiant Insurance company Ltd na Murekatete Denyse, igika cya 26.

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ahubwo igikwiye kumvikanamo ari uko uwawohotewe wishyurwa indishyi ari uwasigiwe n’impanuka ubumuga azahorana bw’ikigero runaka; icyo kigero kikaba ari igihombo kizahoraho mu rwego rw’ubushobozi umuntu afite butuma akora. [19] Urukiko rwasesenguye kandi ibivugwa mu gace ka mbere k’ingingo ya 18 y’Iteka rya Perezida No 31/2001 ryo ku wa 28/05/2003 ryavuzwe haruguru3, rusobanura ko iyo ngingo yumvikanisha ko uwahohotewe wagize ubumuga buhoraho ku kigero kirengeje 30%, afite uburenganzira ku ndishyi z’ibangamirabukungu hakurikijwe ikigero cy’ubumuga yagize; ikaba itavuga ko uwo muntu agomba kuba yatakaje akazi cyangwa umushahara yahembwaga kugira ngo ahabwe indishyi. Rwifashishije ibisobanuro by’abahanga, Urukiko rwagaragaje ko igihombo cyatewe n’ubumuga buhoraho uwahohotewe yagize, gishobora kuba gutakaza umusaruro yabonaga, gutakaza imbaraga n’ubushobozi yari afite bwo kurangiza neza inshingano ze mu kazi, ndetse no kuba amahirwe cyangwa agaciro yari afite ku isoko ry’umurimo bigabanuka4. [20] Mu rubanza Radiant Insurance Company Ltd yaregagamo Murekatete Denyse, Urukiko rwashimangiye ibimaze kuvugwa, rusobanura ko indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zigamije kuriha ibyangijwe zidahabwa uwatakaje akazi burundu gusa, ahubwo zigenerwa uwagize ubumuga buhoraho wese (hakurikijwe ikigero cy’ubumuga yagize), kuko ubwo bumuga bugira ibyo bumuhungabanyaho mu buzima5. [21] Ku bijyanye n’uru rubanza, Radiant ivuga ko Mukaruhunga Nyirangeri Ange atagomba kugenerwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu kuko yakomeje gukora, akaba ntacyo yatakaje mu rwego rw’ubukungu. Nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu ntizihabwa uwatakaje akazi burundu gusa, ahubwo zigenerwa uwagize ubumuga buhoraho wese, hakurikijwe ikigero cy’ubumuga yagize. [22] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko Mukaruhunga Nyirangeri Ange yakomerekejwe n’imodoka yishingiwe na Radiant, agasigarana ubumuga buhoraho bungana na 60%. Kuba yarakomeje gukora, ntibyatuma adahabwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, ahubwo agomba guhabwa izibaze hakurikijwe iki kigero cy’ubumuga yagize. Urukiko rukaba rusanga rero, agomba guhabwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zibaze mu buryo bukurikira: 6.594 Frw6 x 30 x 12 x 117 x 60% =7.555.224 Frw. 1 + (9,761%8 x 11) [23] Hashingiwe ku mategeko no ku bisobanuro byose byatanzwe, Urukiko rurasanga Mukaruhunga nyirangeri Ange akwiye guhabwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zingana na 7.555.224 Frw. 2. Kumenya niba Mukaruhunga Nyirangeri Ange akwiye guhabwa indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi [24] Mukaruhunga Nyirangeri Ange n’umwunganiye bavuga ko akwiye guhabwa indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi, kuko impanuka yatumye adakora akazi uko yagakoraga, ndetse ubumuga yagize bukaba butazatuma abasha gukora kugeza agiye mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru; bityo akaba

3Iyo ngingo yerekeye uburyo abagize ubumuga buhoraho burengeje 30% bishyurwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, igateganya ko iyo uwahohotewe akora umurimo ahemberwa, ahabwa amafaranga abarwa hakurikijwe igihembo umuntu atahana, urwego rw’ubumuga n’imyaka ye. 4Urubanza RS/INJUST/RC00007/2023/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 05/04/2024, haburana Mukaneza Clarisse na Radiant Insurance Company Ltd, ibika bya 30-32. 5 Urubanza RS/INJUST/RC00004/2023/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 12/04/2024, haburana Radiant Insurance Company Ltd na Murekatete Denyse, igika cya 31. 6 Muri dosiye harimo inyandiko igaragaza ko Mukaruhunga Nyirangeri Ange yahembwaga 197.863 Frw ku kwezi. 7 Muri dosiye harimo icyemezo cy’amavuko kigaragaza ko Mukaruhunga Nyirangeri Ange yavutse mu 1963, igihe cy’impanuka mu 2017 akaba yari afite imyaka 54, asigaje gukora imyaka 11. 8 Igipimo cy’ibitsa gitangazwa na BNR cyo mu kwezi kwa 12/2024.

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asaba guhabwa indishyi zibazwe mu buryo bukurikira: 6.594 Frw x 30 x 6 = 1.186.920Frw. Basaba ko mu guca urubanza, hazashingirwa ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC00004/2023/SC rwaciwe ku wa 12/04/2024, haburana Radiant Insurance Company Ltd na Murekatete Denyse. [25] Me Habimana Joseph uhagarariye Radiant avuga ko nta ndishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi Mukaruhunga Nyirangeri Ange akwiye guhabwa, kuko atigeze atakaza uburambe mu kazi. Asobanura ko ingingo ya 19 y’Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga iteganya ko ugomba kugenerwa indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi ari umukozi watakaje uburambe mu kazi cyangwa umunyeshuri watakaje amahirwe y’akazi, nyamara hakurikijwe ibimenyetso biri muri dosiye, urega akaba agikora akazi yakoraga kuva impanuka yaba. [26] Avuga ko izo ndishyi zitagenerwa uwagize ubumuga buhoraho wese, ko ahubwo zitangwa mu mwanya w’umushahara cyangwa w’umusaruro umuntu atakibona, bivuze ko mu gihe nta mushahara cyangwa umusaruro yatakaje, aba atagomba kuzigenerwa kugira ngo hatabaho kwikungahaza nta mpamvu (enrichissement sans cause). Yongeraho ko Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa 28/05/2003 ryavuzwe haruguru rigamije gushyira mu bikorwa Itegeko No 41/2001 ryo ku wa 19/09/2001 naryo ryavuzwe haruguru, ko rero mu gihe iri Tegeko ritateganyije indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi, Iteka rya Perezida rizishyiraho ryaba rinyuranyije n’Itegeko. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [27] Ingingo ya 19 y’Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, iteganya indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi ku byiciro bibiri ari byo: a) Gutakaza amahirwe y’akazi ku munyeshyuri wo mu mashuri yisumbuye, ay’imyuga, aya kaminuza cyangwa andi angana nayo; b) Gutakaza uburambe mu kazi ku muntu wari usanzwe akora9. [28] Mu rubanza Radiant Insurance Company Ltd yaregagamo Murekatete Denyse rwavuzwe haruguru, Urukiko rwifashishije ibisobanuro by’abahanga, rwasobanuye ko ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi ku muntu wari usanzwe akora rishobora kugaragarira mu ngaruka z’impanuka ku mwuga we (incidence professionnelle). [29] Urukiko rwasobanuye ko indishyi zishingiye ku ngaruka z’impanuka ku mwuga, zigamije kuriha ingaruka z’impanuka umuntu yagize zishobora kumugabanyiriza agaciro ku isoko ry’umurimo, zikariha imvune asigaye agira mu gukora umurimo yari asanganywe cyangwa undi yakora (pénibilité), zikanariha kuba byarabaye ngombwa ko ahindura akazi cyangwa kuba yabura amahirwe yo kuzamurwa mu ntera kubera impanuka yagize10. [30] Nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru, impanuka Mukaruhunga Nyirangeri Ange yakomerekeyemo, yamusigiye ubumuga buhoraho bungana na 60%. Ubumuga buri kuri iki kigero, birumvikana ko bwagize ingaruka ku bushobozi bwe no ku mvune agira mu gukora akazi, kaba ako yari asanganywe cyangwa akandi kose yakora. N’ubwo rero yakomeje gukora, kuba atakibasha gukora mu buryo bumworoheye

9 Igika cya nyuma cy’iyi ngingo giteganya ko ku muntu wari usanzwe akora, indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi zigarukira gusa ku mezi atandatu y’umusaruro abazwe kandi atarengeje inshuro 30 umushahara w’umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n’amategeko. 10 Urubanza RS/INJUST/RC00004/2023/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 12/04/2024, haburana Radiant Insurance Company Ltd na Murekatete Denyse, ibika bya 36-37.

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nk’uko byari bimeze ataragira ubumuga, ndetse bikaba bishobora no kugira ingaruka ku mahirwe ye yo kuzamurwa mu ntera, agomba kubiherwa indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi zibaze mu buryo bukurikira: 6.594 Frw x 30 x 6 = 1.186.920 Frw. [31] Ku bijyanye n’ibyo uburanira Radiant avuga ko Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 ryavuzwe haruguru, ritagombye gushyiraho indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi kandi zitarateganyijwe mu Itegeko No 41/2001 ryo ku wa 19/09/2001, Urukiko rusanga muri iri Tegeko hatarakozwe urutonde rw’indishyi zose zihabwa uwasigiwe n’impanuka ubumuga buhoraho, ahubwo mu ngingo yaryo ya 5, ryaragennye mu buryo bwa rusange indishyi zigamije kuriha ubushobozi buke bw’umubiri n’ubwo gutekereza, n’ingaruka zabyo ku nyungu uwagize ubumuga yavanaga mu mwuga we11; riharira Iteka rya Perezida kugena indishyi mu buryo burambuye. [32] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro bimaze gutangwa, Urukiko rurasanga Mukaruhunga Nyirangeri Ange akwiye guhabwa indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi zingana na 1.186.920Frw. 3. Kumenya niba hari amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’Avoka bikwiye gutangwa [33] Mukaruhunga Nyirangeri Ange asaba Urukiko kumugenera 1.000.000Frw y’igihembo cy’Avoka na 500.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza, kuko Radiant yamushoye mu manza z’amaherere. [34] Radiant ivuga ko Urukiko rudakwiye kumugenera ayo mafaranga, kuko ibyo aregera nta shingiro bifite. Ivuga ko ahubwo ariyo ikwiye guhabwa 1.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cy’Avoka kubera gushorwa mu manza nta mpamvu. Mukaruhunga Nyirangeri Ange avuga ko Radiant idakwiye kugenerwa ayo mafaranga, kuko ariyo yatumye havuka urubanza yanga ko habaho ubwumvikane. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [35] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga y’igihembo cy’Avoka Radiant isaba itayahabwa kuko itsinzwe urubanza. Rurasanga amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’Avoka Mukaruhunga Nyirangeri Ange asaba yayahabwa, ariko kuko ayo asaba ari menshi, mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko akaba agenewe 300.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza na 500.000Frw y’igihembo cy’Avoka. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [36] Rwemeje ko ikirego rwashyikirijwe na Mukaruhunga Nyirangeri Ange cyo gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza RCA00289/2021/HC/KIG & CMB RCA00291/2021/HC/KIG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 17/01/2024, gifite ishingiro. [37] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RCA00289/2021/HC/KIG & CMB RCA00291/2021/HC/KIG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 17/01/2024, ihindutse ku bijyanye n’indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu n’indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi. [38] Rutegetse Radiant Insurance Company Ltd guha Mukaruhunga Nyirangeri Ange indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zingana na 7.555.224Frw, n’indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi zingana na 1.186.920Frw, yose hamwe akaba 8.742.144Frw.

11 “……indemnity meant to compensate the physical and psychological reduction that he/she suffered and the unfavorable consequences of the incapacity on his/her professional earnings/indemnité destinée à compenser l’incapacité physique et psychique qu’elle a subie et les conséquences défavorables de l’incapacité sur ses gains professionnels”.

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[39] Rutegetse Radiant Insurance Company Ltd guha Mukaruhunga Nyirangeri Ange 300.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza na 500.000Frw y’igihembo cy’Avoka, yose hamwe akaba 800.000Frw.