MUKASHEFU NA BAGENZI BE v SANLAM AG Plc

# MUKASHEFU NA BAGENZI BE v SANLAM AG Plc

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-02-16 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RC 00038/2022/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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MUKASHEFU NA BAGENZI BE v SANLAM AG Plc [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RS/INJUST/RC 00038/2022/CA (Rukundakuvuga, P.J; Ngagi na Rugabirwa J.) 16 Gashyantare 2024] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’akarengane – Amategeko n’ibimenyetso umuburanyi atagaragaje mu rubanza asabira gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane – Ntabwo umuntu yavuga ko yarenganyijwe ku mategeko n’ibimenyetso atigeze agaragariza Urukiko mu rubanza asabira gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. Amategeko mbonezamubano – Impanuka – uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw'umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga – Ntabwo abafitanye isano na nyakwigendera (ayants droit) babarirwa indishyi mbangamirabukungu hashingiwe ku mushahara batabasha kugaragariza ibimenyetso bidashidikanywaho. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiye Abafite uburenganzira ku ndishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yahitanye Hakizimana, bahagarariwe na Mukashefu, batanga ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge barega SANLAM AG Plc basaba indishyi zitandukanye, nyuma yuko bagerageje kuyisaba indishyi mu bwumvikane bikananirana. Uburanira SANLAM AG Plc yireguye avuga ko imodoka yateje impanuka yari ifite ubwishingizi bwayo, ariko ko nta kimenyetso kigaragaza ko nyakwigendera yari umumotari, bityo ko indishyi zisabwa zatangwa uko amategeko abiteganya ku bantu badafite akazi kazwi. Urukiko mu rubanza RC00358/2020/TGI/NYGE, rwemeje ko ikirego cya Mukashefu na bagenzi be, gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe; rutegeka SANLAM AG Plc kwishyura Mukashefu na bagenzi be indishyi zitandukanye. SANLAM AG Plc, ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urwo rubanza, irujuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru ivuga ko indishyi mbangamirabukungu zabazwe mu buryo budakurikije Amategeko kuko nta kimenyetso abarega bagaragaje cy’uko nyakwigendera yakoraga umwuga wo gutwara abagenzi kuri moto, ngo ko ahubwo nta kazi kazwi yagiraga, bityo isaba Urukiko ko indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yahitanye Hakizimana zibarirwa ku mushahara muto ntarengwa wemewe n’amategeko. Mukashefu na bagenzi be bavuga ko ubujurire bwa SANLAM AG Plc nta shingiro bufite, ahubwo batanga ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bavuga ko indishyi zabazwe nabi bituma bahabwa nkeya. Urukiko mu rubanza RCA00388/2020/HC/KIG, rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa SANLAM AG Plc bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe,ko indishyi mbangamirabukungu zigomba kubaririwa ku mushahara muto ntarengwa wemewe n’amategeko, wa 3.000Frw ku munsi kuko ibimenyetso abafitanye isano na nyakwigendera bashyikirije Urukiko bitagaragaza ko yari afite akazi ko gutwara abagenzi kuri moto mu buryo buhoraho, rwemeje kandi ko ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwatanzwe na Mukashefu na bagenzi be nabwo bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe. Mukashefu na bagenzi be basabye ko urubanza RCA00388/2020/HC/KIG rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, maze mu cyemezo No 240/CJ/2022, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yemeza ko urwo

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rubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, arwohereza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire kugira ngo abe ari rwo ruruburanisha; Mukashefu na bagenzi be bavuga ko akarengane kabo gashingiye ku kwirengagiza ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko nyakwigendera yakoraga umurimo wo gutwara abantu kuri moto (Motari), ko kandi hirengagijwe amategeko mu kubara indishyi, asaba ko indishyi mbangamirabukungu n’indishyi mbangamiramuco zabarirwa ku mafaranga 5,000, banasaba kandi amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. Abahagarariye SANLAM AG Plc bo bavuga ko ibimenyetso byose abarega bashingiraho Urukiko Rukuru rwabisesenguye rusanga bitagaragaza ko Hakizimana yari umumotari, bityo ko nta kosa ryakozwe mu kubara indishyi hashingiwe ku mushahara muto ntarengwa, kandi ko ibyo abarega basaba ko indishyi mbangamiramuco zibarirwa ku mafaranga 5,000 binyuranyije n’amategeko, nabo basaba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. Urukiko mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC00038/2022/CA rwemeje ko nta kimenyetso cyemeza ko Hakizimana yakoraga akazi ko gutwara abagenzi kuri moto mu buryo buhoraho, rwemeza ko Gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane bifite ishingiro kuri bimwe. Incamake y’icyemezo:1. Ntabwo umuntu yavuga ko yarenganyijwe ku mategeko n’ibimenyetso atigeze agaragariza Urukiko mu rubanza asabira gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. Bityo, ikimenyetso kigizwe n’ubuhamya bwatanzwe nyuma y’icibwa ry’urubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane ntbwo umuburanyi yavuga ko yakirenganyijweho. 2. Ntabwo abafitanye isano na nyakwigendera (ayants droit) babarirwa indishyi mbangamirabukungu hashingiwe ku mushahara batabasha kugaragiza ibimenyetso bidashidikanywaho. Bityo, abafitanye isano na nyakwigendera bavuga ko yakoraga akazi ko gutwara abagenzi kuri moto mu buryo buhoraho bagomba kubitangira ibimenyetso bidashidikanywaho cyane cyane iyo moto yatwaraga atari iye, babibura akabarirwa ku mushahara muto ntarengwa. 3. uwahohotewe n’impanuka ufite hejururu y’imyaka 16 y’amavuko ariko akaba nta murimo n’umwe ushingiye ku mwuga yakoraga, cyangwa se yakoraga gusa imirimo yo mu rugo, cyangwa umusaruro we nyakuri ukomoka ku murimo yakoraga utabashije kumenyekana, indishyi mbangamirabukungu zibarwa hashingiwe ku mushahara w’umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n’amategeko ukubye umubare w'imyaka ashigaje kubaho akora gukuba na 2/3, hanyuma ukagabanya 1 + (igipimo cy'ibitsa ukubye umubare w'imyaka yo kwibeshaho). 4. Amafranga y’ikurikirana rubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka ntatangwa n’Urukiko ku baburanyi iyo buri muburanyi agize ibyo atsindira akagira nibyo atsindiwe. Gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane bifite ishingiro kuri bimwe. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo, Ingingo ya 12, igika cya 1

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Itegeko N° 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, Ingingo Ingingo ya 2, 3,14 nq 15 Iteka rya Perezida Nº 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw'umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga iteganya, Ingingo ya 22, igika cya 3 na 23 Imanza zifashishijwe: RS/INJUST/RC 00007/2021/CA, Karumuhinzi Baudoux Claire v Nyirakaziga Kabeja Anne Marie rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, ku wa 26/10/2023 RS/INJUST/RC 00003/2023/CA, Rwasabahizi Peter v Rwampunga Emmanuel hamwe na Bamurebe Fortunée rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/06/2023. RS/INJUST/RC00008/2019/SC, Gahire Athanase v Mukarushakiro Gloriose na bagenzi be rwaciwe ku wa 12/11/2021 Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 25/11/2018, saa tatu n’igice z’ijoro (21:30) mu Karere ka Bugesera, Umurenge wa Nyamata, Akagari ka Nyamata, Umudugudu wa Nyamata, imbere ya gare ya Nyamata, habereye impanuka yatewe n’imodoka RAA 802J (Toyota Hilux) ihitana uwitwa Hakizimana Simon wari utwaye moto; ikinyabiziga cyateje impanuka kikaba cyari gifite ubwishingizi muri SORAS yaje guhinduka SANLAM AG Plc. Abafite uburenganzira ku ndishyi zikomoka kuri iyo mpanuka begereye uyu mwishingizi bagira ngo abahe indishyi ku bwumvikane ntibyashoboka, bituma baregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, basaba indishyi zitandukanye zikomoka kuri iyo mpanuka, banasaba ko zabarwa hagendewe ku kuba nyakwigendera yari umumotari. [2] Uburanira SANLAM AG Plc yireguye avuga ko iyo modoka yari ifite ubwishingizi bwayo, ariko ko nta kimenyetso kigaragaza ko nyakwigendera yari umumotari, bityo ko indishyi zatangwa zabarwa nk’uko amategeko abiteganya. [3] Mu rubanza RC00358/2020/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 24/11/2020, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwemeje ko ikirego cya Jacqueline Mukashefu, Concessa Nyirakarama, Claudine Mukantwari, Marie Chantal Murekatete, Jean Claude Irafasha, Clarisse Mukamana, Devotha Uwineza, Emeline Uwitonze, Alice Mukanyandwi na Enatha Uwiduhaye gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe; rutegeka SANLAM AG Plc kwishyura Mukashefu Jacqueline indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zingana na 6.454.616Frw, indishyi z’akababaro zingana na 1.080.000Frw; iz’amafaranga yakoreshejwe kwa muganga, mu ngendo, mu gushyingura, kugura inyandiko zigize dosiye n’ibyemezo angana na 457.100Frw, indishyi z’igihembo cya Avoka zihwanye na 800.000Frw. Rutegeka kandi SANLAM AG Plc kwishyura indishyi z’akababaro ku bana batatu ba nyakwigendera Hakizimana Simon ari bo Uwineza Devotha, Uwiduhaye Enatha, Uwitonze Emeline, bose hamwe, zingana na 2.430.000Frw; indishyi z’akababaro kuri nyina wa nyakwigendera ari we Nyirakamana Concessa zingana na 810.000

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Frw; indishyi z’akababaro ku bavandimwe 5 ba nyakwigendera ari bo Mukantwari Claudine, Murekatete Marie Chantal, Mukamana Clarisse, Irafasha Jean Claude na Mukanyandwi Alice, bose hamwe, zingana na 2.700.000Frw, ndetse ikanasubiza abarega amafaranga 20.000 batanzeho igarama. [4] SANLAM AG Plc, ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urwo rubanza, irujuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru ivuga ko indishyi mbangamirabukungu zabazwe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko kuko nta kimenyetso bagaragaje cy’uko uwahitanwe n’impanuka koko yakoraga umwuga wo gutwara abagenzi kuri moto, ko ahubwo nta kazi kazwi yagiraga, ku bw’iyo mpamvu isaba Urukiko ko indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yahitanye Hakizimana Simon zibarirwa ku mushahara muto ntarengwa wemewe n’amategeko. Mukashefu Jacqueline na bagenzi be bavuga ko ubujurire bwa SANLAM AG Plc nta shingiro bufite, batanga ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bavuga ko indishyi zabazwe nabi bituma bagenerwa ziri munsi y’izo bagombaga guhabwa. [5] Mu rubanza RCA00388/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 22/07/2021 rwakosowe n’urubaza RS/RECT/RC 00023/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 26/10/2021, urwo Rukiko rushingiye ku kuba ibimenyetso Mukashefu Jacqueline na bagenzi be barushyikije bigizwe n’inyandiko-mvugo ya Polisi, inyandiko itegura ubwumvikane, inyandiko za RRA zerekana ko moto yasoraga, ndetse n’ubuhamya bwa nyiri moto bitagaragaza ko Hakizimana Simon wahitanwe n’impanuka yari afite akazi ko gutwara abagenzi kuri moto mu buryo buhoraho, rwasanze indishyi mbangamirabukungu zigomba kubaririwa ku mushahara muto ntarengwa wemewe n’amategeko, ni ukuvuga 3.000Frw, hanyuma rwemeza ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na SANLAM AG Plc bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe, ko ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwatanzwe na Mukashefu Jacqueline na bagenzi be nabwo bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe. Rutegeka SANLAM AG Plc: Guha Mukashefu Jacqueline 2.160.000Frw, Nyirakamana Concessa nyina wa nyakwigendera 810.000 Frw y’indishyi z’ibangamiramuco, abana ba nyakwigendera uko ari batatu indishyi z’ibangamiramuco zihwanye na 810.000Frw x 3 = 2.430.000Frw, n’abavandimwe be uko ari batanu 540.000Frw x 5 = 2.700.000Frw y’indishyi z’ibangamiramuco, yose hamwe akaba 8.100.000Frw; Guha abaregwa mu bujurire 448.900Frw akubiyemo indishyi z’ibyatanzwe mu gushyingura nyakwigendera Hakizimana Simon, amafaranga y’ingendo n’ayatanzwe mu kugura dosiye yo muri Polisi; Rutegeka kandi ko buri muburanyi yirengera ibyo yatanze ku rubanza, igarama ryatanzwe rigaherera mu Isanduku ya Leta. [6] Mukashefu Jacqueline na bagenzi be basabye ko urubanza RCA00388/2020/HC/KIG rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, maze mu cyemezo No 240/CJ/2022, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yemeza ko urwo rubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, arwohereza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire kugira ngo abe ari rwo ruzaruburanisha ; ikirego cyandikwa kuri RS/INJUST/RC 00038/2022/CA. [7] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 05/02/2024, Mukashefu Jacqueline na bagenzi be bahagarariwe na Me Cyiza Consolée, naho SANLAM AG Plc ihagarariwe na Me Nkeza Sempundu Clément afatanyije na Me Niyondora Nsengiyumva.

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[8] Mu myanzuro no mu miburanire yabo abarega bavuga ko akarengane kabo gashingiye ku kwirengagiza ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko nyakwigendera yakoraga umurimo wo gutwara abantu kuri moto (Motari), ko kandi hirengagijwe amategeko mu kubara indishyi, asaba ko indishyi mbangamirabukungu zabarirwa ku mafaranga 5,000, kimwe n’indishyi mbangamiramuco, agasoza asaba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. Naho abahagarariye SANLAM AG Plc bavuga ko ibimenyetso byose abarega bashingiraho Urukiko Rukuru rwabisesenguye rusanga bitagaragaza ko Hakizimana Simon yari umumotari, bityo ko nta kosa ryakozwe mu kubara indishyi hashingiwe ku mushahara muto ntarengwa, kandi ko ibyo abarega basaba ko indishyi mbangamiramuco zibarirwa ku mafaranga 5,000 binyuranyije n’amategeko, basoza basaba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. [9] Muri uru rubanza Urukiko rurasanga ibibazo bigize impaka bigomba gusuzumwa ari ibi bikurikira : Kumenya niba hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Hakizimana Simon yakoraga umurimo wo gutwara abagenzi kuri moto mu buryo buhoraho ; Kumenya niba mu rubanza RCA00388/2020/HC/KIG indishyi zarabazwe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko ; Kumenya niba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa muri uru rubanza afite ishingiro. II. ISESENGURA RY’ IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA 1.Kumenya niba hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Hakizimana Simon yakoraga umurimo wo gutwara abagenzi kuri moto mu buryo buhoraho [10] Me Cyiza Consolée, uhagarariye abarega, avuga ko abo ahagarariye barenganyijwe n’urubanza RCA00388/2020/HC/KIG kuko rwirengagije ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Hakizimana Simon yakoraga umurimo w’ubumotari ku buryo buhoraho bigizwe n’inyandikomvugo ya Polisi ku rupapuro rwayo 3, inyandiko itegura ubwumvikane, ubuhamya bwa ny’iri moto Minani Froduard yakoreye imbere ya Noteri ku wa 27/05/2021 bwemeza ko yamukoreraga nk’umukozi we umutwarira moto, n’inyandiko yatanzwe n’ubuyobozi bw’Akagari. [11] Asobanura ko inyandikomvugo ya Polisi igaragaza ko nyakwigendera yakoraga umurimo wo gutwara moto, avuga na none ko inyandiko itegura ubwumvikane ikubeyemo amakuru yatanzwe n’umukozi wa SANLAM AG Plc wigereye aho impanuka yabereye yanditsemo ko Hakizimana Simon yakoraga umurimo wo gutwara moto ; bityo akaba asanga ayo makuru yashingirwaho hemezwa ko nyakwigendera yakoraga umurimo wo gutwara moto. Ikindi asobanura ni uko kuba ny’iri moto yarahamije ko nyakwindera yatwaraga moto ku buryo buhoraho, nacyo kikaba ari ikindi kimenyetso cyashingirwaho hemezwa ko Hakizimana Simon yari umumotari, cyane ko nta yindi nyandiko iyivuguruza yatanzwe, kandi ko bisanzwe ko motari atwara moto y’undi muntu hanyuma agakora versement buri munsi, asigaye akayihemba, akaba ari nabwo buryo Hakizimana Simon yakoragamo. Bityo ko agomba kubarirwa indishyi hashingiwe ku mafaranga motari atahana buri munsi nk’uko yagaragajwe mu rubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’ikirenga bashyize muri dosiye.

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[12] Abahagarariye SANLAM AG Plc bavuga ko ibimenyetso abarega bashingiraho byasesenguwe n’Urukiko rusanga bitagaragaza ko Hakizimana Simon yakoraga akazi ko gutwara abagenzi kuri moto mu buryo buhoraho. Bavuga kandi ko n’abarega ubwabo bivuguruza, bakavuga ko yakoreraga undi muntu, bakaba basanga byumvikanisha ko yari umukozi ukorera umushahara, ariko ko ibyo nabyo nta kimenyetso kibishyigikira, cyane ko abarega batabasha kugaragaza umushahara Hakizimana Simon yahembwaga. [13] Basobanura ko inyandiko y’ubwumvikane butagezweho yatanzwe na SANLAM AG Plc igihe cy’imishyikirano itafatwa nk’ikimenyetso cy’uko nyakwigendera yakoraga umwuga wo gutwara abagenzi kuri moto nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru rwabisobanuye mu gika cya 7, ko n’inyandikomvugo y’impanuka itagaragaza ko yari umumotari, ahubwo igaragaza ko Hakizimana Simon yagonzwe ari kuri moto ndetse ayitwaye, akaba ari nta nahamwe iyo nyandiko ivuga ko nyakwigendera yakoraga ako kazi nk’umwuga, nk’uko n’Urukiko Rukuru rwabisobanuye mu gika cya 9 kandi abarega bakaba batabasha kubivuguruza. [14] Basobanura kandi ko ikindi kimenyetso abarega bashingiraho ari ubuhamya bwa nyiri moto ari we Minani Frodouard, bakaba basanga ubwo buhamya nta gaciro bwahabwa kuko bwakozwe mu nyandiko bwite kandi ntibwakirwa n’umukozi wa Leta wabiherewe ububasha nk’umucamanza, umugenzacyaha n’umushinjacyaha cyangwa umuhanga washyizweho n’Urukiko; bene iyo nyandiko idakoreshwa nk’ikimenyetso mu rukiko kuko igira agaciro gusa hagati y’abayigiranye, ubundi ikaba igira agaciro mu gihe bayiregesha uwayikoze kandi ayemera nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 14 na 15 y’Itegeko No 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [15] Impaka ziri kuri iki kibazo ni ukumenya niba hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Hakizimana Simon yakoraga umurimo wo gutwara abagenzi kuri moto mu buryo buhoraho ku buryo abamufiteho uburenganzira (ayants droit) bagenerwa indishyi hashingiwe ku musaruro yatahanaga. [16] Ingingo ya 12, igika cya 1, y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ibikurikira : “Urega agomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’ibyo aregera. Iyo abibuze, uwarezwe aratsinda.” [17] Ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo iteganya ibikurikira : “Ikimenyetso cyo mu rubanza ni icyo ari cyo cyose kigaragaza ukuri ku byabaye”. Ingingo ya 3, igika cya 1, ikagira iti: “Buri muburanyi agomba kugaragaza ukuri kw’ibyo aburana”. [18] Izi ngingo zisanzwe zikoreshwa mu manza zitandukanye1 zumvikanisha ko umuburanyi utanze ikirego mu Rukiko aba afite inshingano ikomeye yo kugaragaza ibimenyetso bihamya nta shiti ko ibyo aregera ari ukuri, iyo atabashije kubigaragaza, ikirego cye nta shingiro gihabwa. Mu yandi magambo, 1 Reba urubanza N° RS/INJUST/RC 00007/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, ku wa 26/10/2023 haburana Karumuhinzi Baudoux Claire na Nyirakaziga Kabeja Anne Marie; urubanza No RS/INJUST/RC 00003/2023/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/06/2023 haburana, Rwasabahizi Peter na Rwampunga Emmanuel hamwe na Bamurebe Fortunée

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uwatangije urubanza agomba kuba afite ibimenyetso bidashidikanywaho bihamya neza ko ibyo avuga ari ukuri. Bikaba byumvikana ko Mukashefu Jacqueline na bagenzi be bavuga ko Hakizimana Simon yakoraga umurimo wo gutwara abagenzi kuri moto ku buryo buhoraho ari bo bafite inshingano yo kubanza kubitangira ibimenyetso bidashidikanywaho. [19] Ku birebana n’uru rubanza ibimenyetso Mukashefu Jacqueline na bagenzi be bashingiraho bavuga ko nyakwindera Hakizimana Simon yakoraga umurimo w’umumotari birimo inyandikomvugo y’impanuka yo ku wa 25/11/2018 yakozwe n’Ubugenzacyaha. Iyo nyandiko irimo amakuru menshi ajyanye n’iyo mpanuka yahitanye Hakizimana Simon, muri ayo makuru harimo y’uko yari kuri moto kandi ayitwaye anahetse umugore we Mukashefu Jacqueline n’umwana we Uwineza Devothe. Urukiko rurasanga kuba muri iyo nyandikomvugo handitsemo ko Hakizimana Simon yari kuri moto kandi ayitwaye bidahagije ku buryo yagaragaza ko yakoraga akazi ko gutwara abagenzi kuri moto mu buryo buhoraho, kuko polisi yo yanditse amakuru yahawe, kandi icyari kigamijwe kwari ukugaragaza uburyo impanuka yabaye, ntabwo hari hagamijwe kugaragaza niba nyakwigendera yari atwaye iyo moto nk’umuntu uri mu murimo we mu buryo buhoraho cyangwa niba yari ayitwaye nka nyirayo cyangwa se nk’ukorera undi muntu, cyane ko ivuga gusa ko yari atwaye umugore we n’umwana we. Urukiko rurasanga iyi nyandikomvugo ntacyo yafasha mu gukemura ikibazo cyo kumenya niba nyakwigendera yari motari, kuko uwanditse ko Hakizimana Simon yari umumotari nta kimenyetso yashingiyeho, usibye gusa ubuhamya yumviye aho hantu habereye impanuka. [20] Ku bijyanye n’inyandiko itegura ubwumvikane yo ku wa 15/05/2020, igaragara muri dosiye, iyo nyandiko yanditsemo ko Hakizimana Simon yari motocyclist, ariko nta yandi makuru itanga yo kumenya niba yarakoze impanuka akora umurimo uhoraho wo gutwara abagenzi kuri moto. Urukiko rurasanga iyi nyandiko nayo nta kindi kintu ishingiraho kigaragaza ko nyakwindera yakoraga umurimo wa motari ; bityo nta gaciro yahabwa. [21] Ku birebana n’inyandiko ikubiyemo ubuhamya bwo ku wa 27/05/2021 bwatanzwe na nyiri moto, Minani Frodouard, uvuga ko n’ubwo nta masezerano yanditse yagiranye na nyakwigendera, ariko ko uyu yatwaraga iyo moto agatanga versement buri munsi, ko kandi bakoranye kuva mu mwaka wa 2013; Urukiko rurasanga ubwo buhamya nta shingiro bwahabwa kuko iyo nyandiko bukubiyemo yakozwe n’umuntu ku giti cye kandi imbere y’amategeko, bene izo nyandiko zigira agaciro gusa hagati y’abazigiranye, nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 142 y’Itegeko No 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, cyangwa mu gihe baziregesha uwazikoze kandi azemera nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 15 y’iryo Tegeko3. [22] Ku birebana n’icyemezo cy’ubuyobozi bw’Umudugudu wa Gataraga cyo ku wa 29/01/2024, kivuga ko Hakizimana Simon yakoze akazi ko gutwara abagenzi kuri moto kuva mu mwaka wa 2009, Urukiko rurasanga ibikubiyemo ari ubuhamya bukaba butagomba gufatwa nk’ikimenyetso cyirengangijwe mu rubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, kuko bwatanzwe nyuma 2 Inyandikobwite ni urwandiko rufite umukono w’umwe cyangwa wa benshi mu barwanditse cyangwa se, hakabaho ibikumwe byabo. Amasezerano arukubiyemo abera inshingano abayagiranye gusa. 3 Inyandikobwite, yemewe n’uwo bayiregesha cyangwa yemewe kuko ariko amategeko avuga, iba gihamya kugeza igihe ivugurujwe n’ikindi kimenyetso cyanditse cyangwa cyunganiwe n’ikindi kimenyetso cyanditse kituzuye iyo ari nyiri urubanza uyiburanisha; iba gihamya kugeza igihe ivugururijwe n’ibindi bimenyetso byose byemerwa n’amategeko igihe ihakanwa n’undi muntu utari nyiri urubanza, haseguriwe gusa ibivugwa ku buryo bwo kunyomoza ukoresheje itariki undi muntu utarayishyizeho umukono cyangwa igikumwe.

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y’umwaka urenga urubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane ruciwe. Kuba rero icyo kimenyetso kitarigeze gisuzumwa, kuko cyabonetse nyuma cyane y’uko urubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane ruciwe, birumvika ko abarega batavuga ko barenganyijwe n’ikimenyetso batashikirije Urukiko nk’uko byemejwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC00008/2019/SC, aho rwasobanuye ko mu gihe ababuranyi basobanura aho akarengane kabo gashingiye berekana ibimenyetso cyangwa amategeko byagaragarijwe urukiko mu rubanza basaba ko rusubirishwamo rukabyirengagiza kandi byari kubagirira akamaro, ko ibyo binasobanuye ko ibitaraburanyweho, ni ukuvuga ibyo umuburanyi atagaragarije umucamanza ngo amusabe kubisuzuma, adashobora kuvuga ko yabimurenganyijeho4. [23] Ku bijyanye n’inyandiko zatanzwe na RRA abarega bashingiraho bavuga ko Hakizimana Simon yari motari, Urukiko rurasanga icyo izo nyandiko zigaragaza ari uko moto ifite plaque RC 630L yatangaga imisoro, kuba rero impande zombi zemeranya ko iyo moto atari iya Hakizimana Simon, birumvikana ko atari we wasoraga ahubwo hasoraga nyiri moto, bityo rero izi nyandiko ntabwo ari ikimenyetso kigaragaza ko Hakizimana Simon yakoraga akazi ko gutwara abagenzi kuri moto (motari). [24] Urukiko rurasanga ibyo uhagarariye Mukashefu Jacqueline na bagenzi be avuga ko nyakwigendera Hakizimana Simon yakoraga versement buri munsi, amafaranga asigaye akaba ariyo yihemba na byo nta shingiro byahabwa, kuko batabasha kugaragaza versement yaba yarakoze cyangwa aho yaba yarishyuriye imisoro y’amafaranga yabaga yihembye. [25] Hashingiwe ku ngingo z’amategeko no ku bisobanuro bimaze gutangwa, Urukiko rurasanga ibimenyetso Mukashefu Jacqueline na bagenzi be batanga bitashingirwaho hemezwa ko Hakizimana Simon yakoraga umurimo wo gutwara abagenzi ku buryo buhoraho, cyane ko batabasha kugaragaza amafaranga yatahanaga cyangwa imisoro yishyuraga ku buryo bari kubarirwa indishyi hashingiwe ku musaruro yatahanaga; bityo kuri iyi ngingo nta karengane kari mu rubanza RCA00388/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 22/07/2021 rwakosowe n’urubaza RS/RECT/RC00023/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 26/10/2021. 2.Kumenya niba mu rubanza RCA00388/2020/HC/KIG indishyi zarabazwe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko [26] Uhagarariye abarega avuga ko mu gika cya 18 ahagaragaza imibare (formule) mu kubara indishyi mbangamirabukungu, Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiye ku ngingo ya 22, igika cya 3, y’Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003, kandi rwaragombaga gushingira ku ngingo ya 22, igika cya 5 y’iryo Teka, akaba asanga izo ndishyi zaragombaga kubarwa hashingiwe ku mafaranga 5,000 kimwe n’indishyi zibangamiramuco kuko mu rubanza RS/RECT/RC 00023/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 26/10/2021, rwuzuza kandi rukosora urubanza RCA00388/2020/HC/KIG rwakosoye gusa ikosa ryo gufata amafaranga y’umuntu umwe rukayagabanya abagenewe indishyi bose ku bana no ku bavandimwe ba nyakwigendera, akaba asaba ko izo ndishyi zibarwa hashingiwe ku mafaranga 5,000, aho kuba amafaranga 3,000. [27] Avuga kandi ko asaba kubara indishyi mu buryo bukurikira : 4 Reba igika cya 29 cy’urubanza No RS/INJUST/RC 00008/2019/SC rwaciwe ku wa 12/11/2021, haburana GAHIRE Athanase na MUKARUSHAKIRO Gloriose na bagenzi be.

## Page 9

Indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, Mukashefu Jacqueline (umugore wa Hakizimana Simon) yahabwa [1 x 5.000 Frw x 30 x12 x 31 x 2/3/1 + (6.5% x31)] =37.200.000 Frw/3.015= 12.338.308 Frw hakavanwamo 1.080.000Frw Yishyuwe, agahabwa 11,258,308Frw ; Ibyerekeye indishyi z’ibangamiramuco zabarwa mu buryo bukurikira : Mukashefu Jacqueline agahabwa 5000 Frw x 30 x 12 = 1.800.000 Frw – 1.080.000 Frw yishyuwe, agahabwa 720,000Frw ; Nyina wa nyakwigendera yahabwa 0,75 x 5000 x 30 x 12 = 1.350.000 Frw – 810,000 Frw, agahabwa 270,000Frw ; Abana batatu ba nyakwigendera bahabwa buri wese 0,75 x 5000 x 30 x 12) = 1.350.000 Frw x 3 = 4.050.000 Frw (aho kuba 2.430.000 Frw), ni ukuvuga agahabwa 4,050,000 Frw – 2,430,000 Frw (yishyuwe) = 1.620.000 Frw kuri bose ; Abavandimwe batanu ba nyakwigendera bahabwa buri wese 0,50 x 5000 x 30 x 12 = 900.000 Frw x 5 = 4.500.000 Frw (aho kuba 2.700.000 Frw), ni ukuvuga 4,500,000 Frw – 2,700,000 Frw (yishyuwe) = 1,800.000 Frw. [28] Avuga na none ko iyo indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu ziguma uko zari zabazwe ku rwego rwa mbere nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 10 cy’urwo rubanza, ko nta cyari gutuma abarega bakomeza kuburana kabone n’ubwo zitari zabariwe ku 5000Frw ku munsi. [29] Abahagarariye SANLAM AG Plc bavuga ko kugeza ubu abarega batagaragaza ko nyakwigendera yakoraga umwuga wo gutwara abagenzi kuri moto, ko rero basanga nta kosa Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze mu kubara indishyi z’imbangamirabukungu zibariwe kumushara w’umwaka muto ntarengwa incuro imwe nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 22, igika cya 3, y’Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw'umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga ivuga ko iyo nyakwigendera atagiraga akazi kazwi, cyangwa iyo yakoraga akazi ko mu rugo cyangwa iyo abamukomokaho badashoraba kugaragaza umusaruro nyakuri ukomoka ku mwuga, indishyi z’imbangamirabukungu zitangwa ari umushara w’umwaka muto ntarengwa incuro imwe, ni ukuvuga 1.080.000Frw. Bityo rero ko nta mategeko yirengagijwe nk’uko abarega bashaka kubyumvikanisha. [30] Bavuga kandi ko ibyo abarega basaba ko indishyi z’ibangamiramuco zabariwa ku musaruro wa 5000 Frw ku munsi, basanga nta gaciro byahabwa kuko binyuranyije n’amategeko, cyane cyane ingingo ya 23 y’Iteka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryavuzwe haruguru. Bityo ko nta karengane kari mu rubanza RCA00388/2020/HC/KIG nk’uko rwakosowe kandi rwujujwe n’urubanza RS/RECT/RC 00023/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 26/10/2021. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA

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[31] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba indishyi abarega bahawe mu rubanza RCA00388/2020/HC/KIG rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane zarabazwe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko. a. Ku bijyanye n’indishyi mbangamirabukungu [32] Ingingo ya 22, igika cya 3, y’Iteka rya Perezida Nº 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw'umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga iteganya ibikurikira : “Iyo uwahohotewe nta murimo n’umwe ushingiye ku mwuga yakoraga, cyangwa se yakoraga gusa imirimo yo mu rugo, cyangwa iyo abafite uburenganzira be badashobora kumenya neza umusaruro we nyakuri ukomoka ku murimo, itangwa ry’indishyi rizakorwa bahereye ku misaruro itagaragara ikurikira : Kuva ku myaka 0 kugeza 16 : ntacyo ; Hejuru y’imyaka 16 : 1 x umushahara w’umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n’amategeko. …”. [33] Igika cya 4 cy’iyo ngingo, giteganya ko “Indishyi izatangwa nk'uko bikorwa mu gutanga amafaranga (capital) hakurikijwe uburyo bukurikira : Umusaruro w'umwaka umuntu atahana w'uwahohotewe x umubare w'imyaka ashigaje kubaho akora X 2/3 1 + (igipimo cy'ibitsa x umubare w'imyaka yo kwibeshaho). [34] Urukiko rurasanga ibi bika byombi byavuzwe haruguru byumvikanisha ko iyo uwahohotewe n’impanuka afite hejururu y’imyaka 16 y’amavuko ariko akaba nta murimo n’umwe ushingiye ku mwuga yakoraga, cyangwa se yakoraga gusa imirimo yo mu rugo, cyangwa umusaruro we nyakuri ukomoka ku murimo yakoraga utabashije kumenyekana, indishyi mbangamirabukungu zibarwa hashingiwe ku mushahara w’umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n’amategeko ukubye umubare w'imyaka ashigaje kubaho akora gukuba na 2/3, hanyuma ukagabanya 1 + (igipimo cy'ibitsa ukubye umubare w'imyaka yo kwibeshaho). Mu yandi magambo umuntu wahitanwe n’impanuka afite hejuru y’imyaka 16 y’amavuko ariko akaba adafite akazi kazwi, indishyi mbangamirabukungu zibarwa hagendewe ku mushahara w’umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n’amategeko, hanyuma zikabarwa hakurikijwe uburyo (formule) buteganywa mu gika cya 4. [35] Mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC00013/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 22/11/2023 rwa Mukademokarasi Clémentine na bagenzi be baburana na SANLAM AG Plc, uru Rukiko rwasobanuye ko kuba abarega batabasha kugaragaza umusaruro nyakuri ukomoka ku murimo Bizimungu Evariste yakoraga ari yo mpamvu Urukiko rusanga umusaruro we w’umwaka ugomba kubarwa hashingiwe ku mushahara muto ntarengwa wemewe n’amategeko (SMIG) ungana n’amafaranga ibihumbi bitatu (3.000 Frw) ku munsi nk’uko wemejwe mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, nko mu rubanza RCAA0049/14/CS rwaciwe ku wa 25/11/2016, haburana SORAS AG Plc n’ Umuhoza Pacifique n’abandi5. [36] Urukiko rurasanga mu rubanza RCA00388/2020/HC/KIG rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane Mukashefu Jacqueline yaragenewe indishyi z’imbagamirabukungu zihwanye n’umushahara w’umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n’amategeko, ni ukuvuga 3000 Frw x 30 x 12 = 5 Reba igika cya 28.

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1.080.000Frw, nyamara uwo mushahara Urukiko Rukuru rwaragombaga kuwukuba n’umubare w'imyaka Hakizimana Simon yari ashigaje kubaho akora ukubwe na 2/3, hanyuma ukagabanya 1 + (igipimo cy'ibitsa ukubye umubare w'imyaka yo kwibeshaho), nk’uko biteganywa n’amategeko; bityo, indishyi z’imbangamirabukungu zigomba guhabwa Mukashefu Jacqueline zigomba kubarirwa ku mushahara muto ntarengwa wemewe n’amategeko (SMIG) ungana n’amafaranga ibihumbi bitatu (3.000Frw) ku munsi nk’uko wemejwe mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga zirimo urubanza RCAA0049/14/CS rwibukijwe haruguru, ariko bigakorwa hubahirijwe uburyo bwateganyijwe n’Itegeko bwasobanuwe mu gika cya 34 cy’uru rubanza. [37] Urukiko rurasanga Hakizimana Simon yarasigaje imyaka mirongo itatu n’umwe (31) yo gukora kuko yavutse mu mwaka w’1984, apfa ku wa 25/11/2018, afite imyaka mirongo itatu n’ine (34). Rurasanga kandi izo ndishyi zigomba kubarirwa ku gipimo cy’ibitsa gihwanye na 9.041 % nk’uko kigaragara ku rubaga rwa Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda (BNR) www.bnr.rw/browse-in/financial- market/money-market-interest- rates/monthly-interest-rates6. [38] Urukiko rurasanga indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zigomba guhabwa Mukashefu Jacqueline zigomba kubarwa mu buryo bukurikira : 3.000x30x12x31x2/3=5.870.594Frw 1+ (9.041%x31) [39] Nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru mu rubanza RCA00388/2020/HC/KIG rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane Mukashefu Jacqueline yagenewe indishyi mbangamirabukungu zihwanye na 1,080,000 Frw, Urukiko rukaba rusanga agomba guhabwa ikinyuranyo cy’izo agenewe muri uru rubanza n’izo yahawe, bityo agahabwa 5,870,594Frw–1,080,000 Frw = Miliyoni enye n’ibihumbi magana arindwi na mirongo icyenda magana atanu na mirongo icyenda n’ane (4.790.594 Frw). b. Ku bijyanye n’indishyi z’ibangamira ku muco (indishyi mpozamarira) [40] Ingingo ya 23 y’Itegeka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 ryavuzwe haruguru iteganya ko amafaranga atangirwa ku ibangamira ry’umubano igihe Umuntu apfuye, agomba guhabwa gusa abantu bavugwa hepfo kandi hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’iri Teka : Uwo bashakanye : 1 x umushahara w’umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n’amategeko ; Ababyeyi n’abana b’isezerano cyangwa bemewe n’Amategeko : 0.75 x umushahara w’umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n’amategeko Abavandimwe babo : 0.5 x umushahara w’umwaka muto ntarengwa wemewe n’amategeko. [41] Imikirize y’urubanza RCA00388/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 22/07/2021 rwakosowe n’urubaza RS/RECT/RC 00023/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 26/10/2021, igaragaza ko : Mukashefu Jacqueline (umugore wa Hakizimana Simon) yagenewe indishyi z’imbangamiramuco zihwanye na 3000 Frw x 30 x 12 = 1.080.000 Frw ; Nyirakamana Concessa (nyina wa nyakwigendera) agenerwa 0,75 x 3000 x 30 x 12 = 810.000Frw ; Abana batatu ba nyakwigendera bahabwa buri wese 0,75 x 3000 x 30 x 12) = 6 Birebwe ku wa 10/02/2024.

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810.000 Frw x 3 = 2.430.000Frw ; Abavandimwe batanu ba nyakwigendera bahabwa buri wese 0,50 x 3000 x 30 x 12 = 540.000 Frw x 5 = 2.700.000 Frw. [42] Urukiko rurasanga indishyi z’imbangamiramuco zarabazwe mu buryo buteganywa n’ingingo ya 23 y’Itegeka rya Perezida No 31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 ryavuzwe haruguru, bityo ibisabwa n’abarega kuri iyi ngingo nta shingiro bifite. Kumenya niba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa muri uru rubanza afite ishingiro [43] Uhagarariye abarega avuga ko ashingiye ku ngingo ya 26 (1) y'Amabwiriza No 01/2014 agenga ibihembo mbonera by'abavoka mu manza, no ku ngingo ya 111 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, asaba ko abarega bahabwa amafaranga miliyoni n’ibihumbi magana abiri (1,200,000 Frw) akubiyemo ay’igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza. Avuga kandi ko amafaranga asabwa na SANLAM AG Plc nta shingiro afite, kuko iyo itajurira mu Rukiko Rukuru, uru rubanza rutari kubaho, ko kandi idategetswe gukoresha Abavoka babiri. [44] Abahagarariye SANLAM AG Plc bavuga ko amafaranga miliyoni n’ibihumbi magana abiri (1,200,000Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka abarega basaba nta shingiro afite, kuko SANLAM AG Plc atari yo yabareze ahubwo ari bo bahisemo gukomeza gushora imanza basaba indishyi zidateganyijwe n’amategeko ndetse n’izindi badafitiye ibimenyetso, kandi bakaba batabasha kugaragaza ko barenganyijwe n’urubanza basubirishamo, bityo ko amafaranga basaba ntacyo ashingiyeho. [45] Bavuga kandi ko SANLAM AG Plc itanze ikirego kiregera kwiregura isaba Urukiko gutegeka abaregwa bose bafatanyije kwishyura SANLAM AG Plc amafaranga miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi magana atanu (1.500.000Frw) akubiyemo ay’ikurikirana rubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka cyane ko iburanirwa n’abavoka babiri. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [46] Ku bijyanye n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka, Mukashefu Jacqueline na bagenzi basaba, kimwe n’ayo SANLAM AG Plc isaba, Urukiko rurasanga nta ruhande na rumwe rugomba kuyahabwa kuko buri ruhande rufite ibyo rwatsindiye n’ibyo rwatsindiwe. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [47] Rwemeje ko ikirego cya Mukashefu Jacqueline na bagenzi be gisaba gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza RCA00388/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 22/07/2021, gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe.

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[48] Rutegetse SANLAM AG Plc kwishyura Mukashefu Jacqueline indishyi mbangamirabukungu zihwanye na miliyoni enye n’ibihumbi magana arindwi na mirongo icyenda na magana atanu na mirongo icyenda n’ane (4.790.594Frw) nk’uko zasobanuwe haruguru.