UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MUKASHYAKA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MUKASHYAKA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-01-24 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00468/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MUKASHYAKA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00468/2024/CA (Kanyange, P.J.) 24 Mutarama 2025] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Kongera kugabanya ibihano mu bujurire – Gusaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano ntibishoboka iyo bigaragara ko nyirukubisaba yagabanyirijwe mu buryo bukurikije ibyo Itegeko riteganya agahabwa igihano gito gishobora gutangwa iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. Incamake y’ikibazo: Mukashyaka Jeannine yakurikiranyweho n’Ubuhsinjacyaha icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bwo mu bwoko bw’urumogi nyuma yuko afatanywe ibiro 2 by’urumogi, bumuregere Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma busaba ko ahamwa n’icyaha agahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 30 000 000 Frw. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko Mukashyaka ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 22. 500. 000 Frw, rwemeza kandi ko urumogi rwafatiriwe rutwikwa. Mukashyaka yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugero rwa Rwamagana asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko ataruhije ubutabera kandi kigasubikwa kugira ngo ajye kwita ku bana harimo n’uwavukiye muri gereza. Urwo Rukiko mu guca urubanza rwemeza ko agabanyirizwa ibihano yahawe mu rubanza rujuririrwa, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw, rutegeka ariko ko yishyura iya 500.000 Frw indi ya 4.500.000 Frw igasubikwa mu gihe cy’umwaka umwe. Mukashyaka yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko icyo yahanishijwe kiremereye. Ku rundi ruhande Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yagabanyirijwe kugeza ku gihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko, ko imikirize y’urubanza rujuririrwa idakwiye guhinduka. Incamake y’icyemezo: Gusaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano ntibishoboka iyo bigaragara ko nyirukubisaba yagabanyirijwe mu buryo bukurikije ibyo Itegeko riteganya agahabwa igihano gito gishobora gutangwa iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n'ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 263, igika cya 3. Itegeko N° 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya ya 2, (a) na (d). Nta manza zifashishijwe

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Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 15/09/2021 uwitwa Niyonsaba Jean Damascène usanzwe utwara abantu kuri moto yatwaye Mukashyaka Jeannine afite igikapu, agira amakenga amubaza ibyo atwaye arebye asanga ari urumogi ahita ahamagara abashinzwe umutekano, atangira gukurikiranwa n’inzego zishinzwe iperereza. [2] Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma bushingiye ku bimenyetso birimo imvugo ze, ubuhamya bwa Niyonsaba Jean Damascène, inyandimvugo y’ifatira ry’ibiro bibiri (2) by’urumogi na telephone ya SNDE wamuhaye urumogi, bumusabira igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ingana na miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 Frw). [3] Mukashyaka Jeannine yireguye avuga ko icyaha aregwa atacyemera, ko urumogi yafatanwe rwari urw’umuti kuko yari asanzwe afite ikibazo cy’inda zivamo, akaba yari aruvanye muri Ndego arujyanye i Kigali [4] Urukiko rwaciye urubanza RP 01369/2021/TGI/NGOMA ku wa 18/10/2021, rusanga hari ibimenyetso byemeza ko Mukashyaka Jeanine yakoze icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge bwo mu bwoko bw’urumogi aho kuba icyo kubicuruza, bigizwe n’imvugo ze mu nzego z’iperereza, ubuhamya bwa Niyonsaba Jean Damascène n’inyandikomvugo igaragaza ko yafatanwe ibiro bibiri (2) by’urumogi na telephone yavuganiragaho na Sande warumuhaye, maze rwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, rumuhanishije igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 22. 500. 000 Frw, rwemeza kandi ko urumogi rwafatiriwe rutwikwa naho telephone igatezwa cyamunara amafaranga avuyemo agashyirwa kuri konti y’Ikigo cy”igihugu cy’Imisoro. [5] Mukashyaka Jeanine yajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko ataruhije ubutabera kandi kigasubikwa kugira ngo ajye kwita ku bana harimo n’uwavukiye muri gereza. [6] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije ko igihano Mukashyaka Jeanine yahawe gikabije kuremera kandi yaremeye icyaha mu nzego zose, ko cyagabanywa hashingiwe ku itegeko rishya ariko ntigisubikwe. [7] Urukiko rwaciye urubanza RPA 01559/2021/HC/RWG, ku wa 30/05/2024, rusanga n’ubwo Mukashyaka Jeannine yagabanyirijwe igihano, icyo yahawe n’ubundi kiremereye cyane, kikaba cyakongera kikagabanywa mu rwego rwo guhuza igihano n’inyungu z’uhanwa; ko kuba yaraburanye yemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywa, kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu nkiko no kuba ari umubyeyi ukeneye kujya kwita ku bana be harimo n’uwo bari kumwe mu Igororero, byatuma igihano yahawe cyongera kugabanywa kikagezwa ku myaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw, ariko ko kitasubikwa kuko atujuje ibisabwa usibye ku birebana n’ihazabu, akaba yakwishyura iya 500.000 Frw indi ya 4.500.000 Frw igasubikwa mu gihe cy’umwaka umwe. Rwemeje rero ko ubujurire bwe bufite ishingiro, ko urubanza rwajuririwe ruhindutse gusa ku birebana n’igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15)

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n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw, rutegeka ariko ko yishyura iya 500.000 Frw indi ya 4.500.000 Frw igasubikwa mu gihe cy’umwaka umwe. [8] Mukashyaka Jeanine ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza ajurira bwa kabiri mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza rwandikwa kuri RPAA 00468/2024/CA, ruhabwa itariki yo kuburanishwa yo ku wa 09/01/2025, uwo munsi ruburanishwa Mukashyaka Jeanine yunganiwe na Me Rugeyo Jean, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Butera Oscar, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [9] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire no mu miburanire, Mukashyaka Jeanine n’umwunganira bavuga ko ubujurire yatanze bugamije gusaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko icyo yahanishijwe kiremereye. [10] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko nta nenge iri mu rubanza Mukashyaka Jeannine yajuririye kuko yagabanyirijwe igihano kugeza ku gihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko, bityo ko imikirize y’urubanza rujuririrwa idakwiye guhinduka. [11] Ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ni ukumenya niba igihano Mukashyaka Jeannine yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa.

II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIRI MU RUBANZA

Kumenya niba igihano Mukashyaka Jeannine yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa. [12] Mukashyaka Jeannine n’umwunganira bavuga ko yajurijwe no kugira ngo Urukiko rwongere rumugabanyirize igihano kuko icyo yahawe kiremereye, ko Urukiko rutahaye agaciro ukwemera icyaha kwe no kuba atararuhije ubutabera, akaba kandi akeneye kujya kwita ku bana be harimo uwo babana mu Igororero, hakanitabwa no kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranweho icyaha no kuba yarasobanuye ko yashowe mu cyaha, ko rero izo mpamvu zose zashingirwaho agahabwa igihano gito gishoboka. [13] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibyo Mukashyaka Jeannine avuga bitahabwa agaciro kuko ntacyo agaragaza anenga urubanza yajuririye usibye kugarura impamvu nyoroshyacyaha yashingiragaho mu bujurire bwa mbere, izo mpamvu kandi zikaba zarashingiweho agabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ingana na miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw) kandi kikaba ari cyo gito giteganywa n’iyo ngingo, kikaba rero kitakongera kugabanywa ahubwo hagumaho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [14] Impaka ziri muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw) Urukiko Rukuru rwahanishije Mukashyaka Jeannine cyakongera kugabanywa.

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[15] Ku birebana n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge bwo mu bwoko bw’urumogi Mukashyaka Jeanine yahamijwe, ingingo ya 263, igika cya 3 y’Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n'ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, igihanisha igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda arenze miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw) ariko atarenze miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 Frw) ku byerekeye ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye1. [16] Naho ingingo ya 2, (a) na (d) y’Itegeko Nº 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 yo ivuga ko iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), naho igihano cy’ihazabu kikaba gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe. [17] Izi ngingo zisomewe hamwe, zumvikanisha ko icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu itari munsi ya miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw) ariko itarenze miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 Frw), ariko haba habonetse impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n’umucamanza, igihano kikaba cyagabanywa ku buryo kitajya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ingana na miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). [18] Ku birebana na Mukashyaka Jeanine, imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe igaragaza ko Urukiko Rukuru rwamugabanyirije igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu ingana na miliyoni 22.500.000 Frw yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma, rushingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zigizwe no kuba yaraburanye yemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywa, kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu nkiko no kuba ari umubyeyi ukeneye kujya kwita ku bana be, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ingana na miliyoni (5.000.000 Frw) ndetse igice kinini cy’iyo hazabu kirasubikwa mu gihe cy’umwaka . [19] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga harebwe uburyo ibihano bishobora kugabanywa iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha nk’uko byavuzwe haruguru, hakanarebwa igihano Mukashyaka Jeanine yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru nyuma yo kumugabanyiriza, gusaba ko cyakongera kikagabanywa bitashoboka kuko yagabanyirijwe mu buryo bukurikije ibyo Itegeko riteganya ahabwa igihano gito gishobora gutangwa iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, bityo igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ingana na miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw) yahanishijwe kikaba kitakongera kugabanywa hakagumaho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [20] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Mukashyaka Jeannine nta shingiro bufite; [21] Rwemeje ko hagumyeho imikirize y’urubanza RPA 01559/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 30/05/2024, rwamuhanishije igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw), akishyura ingana n’ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw) indi ya miliyoni enye na magana atanu (4.500.000 Frw) igasubikwa mu gihe cy’umwaka umwe nk’uko byemejwe n’Urukiko Rukuru;

1 Urumogi ruri mu cyiciro cy’ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye hashingiwe ku Iteka rya Minisitiri nº001/MoH/2019 ryo ku wa 04/03/2019

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[22] Rutegetse ko amagarama y’urubanza aherereye ku isanduku ya Leta kuko Mukashyaka Jeannine afunze, akaba asonewe kuyatanga.